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,{"id":13304,"text":"ofr6540 - 1965 - Chemical, semi-quantitative, spectrographic, heavy-mineral analyses of rock and water samples and a table of selected dry holes and producing wells from the Williston basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:51","indexId":"ofr6540","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"65-40","title":"Chemical, semi-quantitative, spectrographic, heavy-mineral analyses of rock and water samples and a table of selected dry holes and producing wells from the Williston basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr6540","usgsCitation":"Denson, N., and Gill, J.R., 1965, Chemical, 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,{"id":22982,"text":"ofr6553 - 1965 - Ground-water resources at three towns on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation in South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T10:20:25","indexId":"ofr6553","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"65-53","title":"Ground-water resources at three towns on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation in South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6553","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ellis, M.J., and Adolphson, D.G., 1965, Ground-water resources at three towns on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation in South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 65-53, ii, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6553.","productDescription":"ii, 71 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Standing Rock Indian Reservation","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667058","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, M. J.","contributorId":27840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adolphson, D. G.","contributorId":106081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adolphson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":16912,"text":"ofr655 - 1965 - Astrogeologic studies, annual progress report, July 1, 1963 to July 1, 1964","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:12","indexId":"ofr655","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"65-5","title":"Astrogeologic studies, annual progress report, July 1, 1963 to July 1, 1964","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr655","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1965, Astrogeologic studies, annual progress report, July 1, 1963 to July 1, 1964: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 65-5, 450 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr655.","productDescription":"450 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20475,"text":"ofr65124 - 1965 - Tectonic deformation, subaqueous slides, and destructive waves associated with the Alaskan March 27, 1964, earthquake: an interim geologic evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-05T20:16:11.95009","indexId":"ofr65124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"65-124","title":"Tectonic deformation, subaqueous slides, and destructive waves associated with the Alaskan March 27, 1964, earthquake: an interim geologic evaluation","docAbstract":"<p>The great earthquake which struck Alaska on Good Friday, March 27, 1964, caused severe damage to the coast of south-central Alaska mainly through vertical tectonic displacements, subaqueous slides, and destructive waves of diverse origins.</p><p>Notable changes in land level occurred over an area in excess of 50,000 square miles in a broad northeast-trending belt more than 500 miles long and as much as 250 miles wide, which lies between the Aleutian Trench and the Aleutian Volcanic Arc. The northwest part of this belt, which includes most of the Kenai Peninsula and the Kodiak Island group, sank as much as 7 feet, bringing some roads, rail lines, docks, and settlements within reach of high tides and producing a fringe of salt-water-killed vegetation along the drowned coasts. The area to the southeast, including most of Prince William Sound and the adjacent continental shelf as far south as southern Kodiak Island, rose generally 4 to 8 feet, and locally at least 33 feet. Some beaches and surf-cut platforms were permanently raised above the reach of tides, resulting in mass extermination of intertidal faunas and floras and impaired usefulness of harbors, channels, and many shoreline installations.</p><p>Surface faulting was confined to Montague Island, and was dominantly vertical and subsidiary to regional uplift. Of the two known faults one has been traced more than 16 miles on land and about 15 miles in the submarine topography to the southwest of the island. Maximum measured vertical fault displacement on land was 16 feet on one fault and about 18 feet on the other.</p><p>Submarine uplift of the continental shelf generated a train of long-period large-amplitude seismic sea waves, the first of which struck the outer coasts of the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak Island between 19 and 30 minutes after the initial shock. The highest waves inundated shorelines locally to elevations of 35 to 40 feet, causing 20 deaths and damage to property all along the coast of the Gulf of Alaska, especially in those areas that had been lowered relative to sea level by tectonic subsidence. The sea waves were recorded on tide gauges throughout the Pacific Ocean and resulted in casualties and local damage at points as distant as British Columbia, Oregon, and California.</p><p>The earthquake caused widespread subaqueous sliding and sedimentation in Prince William Sound, along the south coast of the Kenai Peninsula, and in Kenai Lake. These slides carried away the port facilities of Seward and Valdez and the small boat harbor at Homer. Local violent surges of water, many of which were generated by known subaqueous slides that occurred during the earthquake, left swash marks as much as 170 feet above water level and caused heavy damage and took 85 lives at Seward, Valdez, Whittier, Chenega, and several smaller communities in Prince William Sound.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr65124","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., and Mayo, L., 1965, Tectonic deformation, subaqueous slides, and destructive waves associated with the Alaskan March 27, 1964, earthquake: an interim geologic evaluation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 65-124, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr65124.","productDescription":"19 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George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayo, L.R.","contributorId":21541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21617,"text":"ofr66141 - 1965 - Astrogeologic studies, annual progress report, July 1, 1964 to July 1, 1965","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:49","indexId":"ofr66141","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"66-141","title":"Astrogeologic studies, annual progress report, July 1, 1964 to July 1, 1965","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr66141","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1965, Astrogeologic studies, annual progress report, July 1, 1964 to July 1, 1965: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 66-141, 425 p. ill.,maps, charts ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr66141.","productDescription":"425 p. ill.,maps, charts ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c9ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22985,"text":"ofr6555 - 1965 - Effect of ground-water pumping on streamflow and ground-water levels, Blue River basin, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr6555","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"65-55","title":"Effect of ground-water pumping on streamflow and ground-water levels, Blue River basin, Nebraska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr6555","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Emery, P.A., 1965, Effect of ground-water pumping on streamflow and ground-water levels, Blue River basin, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 65-55, 11 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6555.","productDescription":"11 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62562c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emery, P. A.","contributorId":49392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5712,"text":"pp498C - 1965 - Relation of electrochemical potentials and iron content to ground-water flow patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T14:05:37","indexId":"pp498C","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"498","chapter":"C","title":"Relation of electrochemical potentials and iron content to ground-water flow patterns","docAbstract":"<p>This study was undertaken to develop means of measuring oxidation potentials in aquifer systems and to use the measured values in interpreting the behavior of iron in ground water. Anne Arundel County, Md., was selected as the area of study because of the wide range of concentration of iron-nearly zero to about 35 ppm-in the ground water and the rather complete information on the geology and hydrology. The regional geology consists of coastal plain sediments ranging in age from Early Cretaceous through the Recent. Most of the pH and oxidation-potential measurements were made in nonmarine Cretaceous deposits, only a few in the marine Eocene. Iron-bearing minerals in the area are primarily hematite or limonite and glauconite with a small amount of pyrite. </p><p>Equipment was developed that permits the measurement of oxidation potentials by use of saturated calomel and platinum electrodes in ground-water samples uncontaminated by oxygen of the atmosphere. Measured Eh values range from about +700 mv to -40 mv. Approximately 2 to 3 hours are required to measure a stable or nearly stable oxidation potential. </p><p>The mineralogy and organic content of the deposits and the ground-water flow pattern are the primary controls on the oxidation potential and pH of the water. A correlation exists between the oxidation potential and the concentration of iron in ground water; the higher concentrations occur in waters with the lowest values of Eh. The concentration of iron in the water tested shows little correlation with the pH of the water. The highest oxidation potentials were measured in water produced from shallow wells and those wells in recharge areas. The lowest potentials were measured farthest downgradient in water associated with gray and green sediments. The Eh values measured in the field are between values predicted from the solubility of Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub>(c) and values predicted from the solubility of hematite.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology of aquifer systems","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp498C","usgsCitation":"Back, W., and Barnes, I., 1965, Relation of electrochemical potentials and iron content to ground-water flow patterns: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 498, Report: iii, p. C1-C16; 3 Plates: 10.09 x 17.13 inches or less, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp498C.","productDescription":"Report: iii, p. C1-C16; 3 Plates: 10.09 x 17.13 inches or less","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":32284,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0498c/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.44 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":139891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0498c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":340291,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0498c/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340289,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0498c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340290,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0498c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Anne Arundel County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.87957763671875,\n              38.69408504756833\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.387939453125,\n              38.69408504756833\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.387939453125,\n              39.25352462727606\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.87957763671875,\n              39.25352462727606\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.87957763671875,\n              38.69408504756833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c2c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Back, William","contributorId":59007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Ivan","contributorId":56619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":6378,"text":"pp498B - 1965 - Variations in chemical character of water in the Englishtown Formation, New Jersey","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52280,"text":"ofr62123 - 1962 - Variations in the chemical character of the water in the Englishtown formation, New Jersey","indexId":"ofr62123","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Variations in the chemical character of the water in the Englishtown formation, New Jersey"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6378,"text":"pp498B - 1965 - Variations in chemical character of water in the Englishtown Formation, New Jersey","indexId":"pp498B","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Variations in chemical character of water in the Englishtown Formation, New Jersey"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T12:57:36","indexId":"pp498B","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T08:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"498","chapter":"B","title":"Variations in chemical character of water in the Englishtown Formation, New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p>This investigation describes the variations in the chemical character of the water in the Englishtown Formation of Late Cretaceous age in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of New Jersey, and demonstrates the application of the concept of hydrochemical mapping to the study and evaluation of water-bearing materials.&nbsp;The chemistry of ground water is responsive to the physical environment and lends support to available geologic and hydrologic data. A study of the ground-water chemistry may even suggest concepts for which additional geologic or hydrologic data may not be obtainable by conventional methods of study. Hydrochemical mapping is particularly important in evaluating an aquifer satisfactorily, but it could be equally useful in regional geologic studies concerned with continuity of units or mineralogic differences and similarities.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology of aquifer systems","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp498B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New Jersey Division of Water Policy and Supply","usgsCitation":"Seaber, P.R., 1965, Variations in chemical character of water in the Englishtown Formation, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 498, iii, p. B1-B35, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp498B.","productDescription":"iii, p. B1-B35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":33751,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0498b/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.30 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":121598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0498b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.28955078125,\n              40.50753459933616\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.72351074218749,\n              40.13899044275822\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.1519775390625,\n              39.882342585755744\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3497314453125,\n              39.806426117299374\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.44860839843749,\n              39.688167045890395\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.42938232421875,\n              39.58029027440865\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3826904296875,\n              39.56970506644249\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.11651611328125,\n              39.816975090490004\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.05334472656249,\n              39.87391156801293\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.0093994140625,\n              40.134790883048524\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.97918701171875,\n              40.361195540839\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.99566650390625,\n              40.40094763151963\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.058837890625,\n              40.44276659332215\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.15496826171874,\n              40.478292268560175\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.28955078125,\n              40.50753459933616\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602af9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seaber, Paul R.","contributorId":67492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaber","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112256,"text":"70112256 - 1965 - Resource understanding: a challenge to aerial methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T13:42:24","indexId":"70112256","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T10:05:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3051,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource understanding: a challenge to aerial methods","docAbstract":"<p>Aerial survey methods are speeding acquisition of survey data needed to provide and manage the nation's resources. These methods have been applied to topographic mapping for a number of years and the record clearly shows their advantages in terms of cost and speed in contrast to the ground methods that have been historically employed. Limited use is now being made of aerial methods to assist cadastral surveys, in location, acquisition and development of National Parks, in mapping the geology of the nation, in locating and developing water resources, and in surveys of the oceans. It is the purpose of this paper to call attention to these uses and to encourage the scientific community to further refine aerial methods so that their use may be increased and the veracity of data improved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Udall, S.L., 1965, Resource understanding: a challenge to aerial methods: Photogrammetric Engineering, v. 31, no. 1, p. 63-75.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc13e4b0e83db6d08fdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udall, Stewart L.","contributorId":9968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udall","given":"Stewart","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112254,"text":"70112254 - 1965 - Infrared photography and imagery in water resources research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-07T16:16:02.375348","indexId":"70112254","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T09:49:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2136,"text":"Journal - American Water Works Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infrared photography and imagery in water resources research","docAbstract":"<p><span>This article briefly describes the characteristics of infrared radiation and demonstrates how infrared photography and infrared imagery can be applied to water resources research, specifically to the identification and description of hydrologic features.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Works Association","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.1965.tb01472.x","usgsCitation":"Robinove, C.J., 1965, Infrared photography and imagery in water resources research: Journal - American Water Works Association, v. 57, no. 7, p. 834-840, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1965.tb01472.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"834","endPage":"840","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc04e4b0e83db6d08f6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinove, Charles J.","contributorId":16983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinove","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70106998,"text":"70106998 - 1965 - Water resources data for Indiana, 1965","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-02T06:09:13","indexId":"70106998","displayToPublicDate":"1966-01-01T14:16:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IN-65-1","title":"Water resources data for Indiana, 1965","docAbstract":"<p>The surface-water records for the 1965 water year for gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites within the State of Indiana are given in this report. For convenience there are also included records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, under the direction of Malcolm D. Hale, district engineer, Surface Water Branch.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report marks the beginning of a new method of presenting, annually, basic data on surface-water records by States. Through September 30, 1960, the records of discharge and stage of streams and contents and stage of lakes or reservoirs were published in an annual series of U.S. Geological Survey water-supply papers entitled \"Surface Water Supply of the United States.\" Since 1951 there have been 20 volumes in the series; each volume covered an area whose boundaries coincided with those of certain natural drainage areas. The records in Indiana were contained in Parts 3A, 4 and 5 of that series.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Beginning with the 1961 water year, streamflow records and related data will be released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State-boundary basis. Distribution of these basic-data reports will be limited and primarily for local needs. The records later will be published in Geological Survey water-supply papers at 5-year intervals. These 5-year water-supply papers will show daily discharge and will be compiled on the same geographical areas previously used for the annual series; however, some of the 14 parts of coterminous United States will be further subdivided.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70106998","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Indiana Department of Natural Resources; Indiana State Board of Health; Indiana State Highway Commission; Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1965, Water resources data for Indiana, 1965: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IN-65-1, viii, 249 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70106998.","productDescription":"viii, 249 p.","numberOfPages":"258","temporalStart":"1964-10-01","temporalEnd":"1965-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287927,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70106998/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537b280de4b0929ba496abd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207281,"text":"70207281 - 1965 - Osmotic equilibrium and overthrust faulting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-15T16:22:01","indexId":"70207281","displayToPublicDate":"1965-12-31T16:15:09","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Osmotic equilibrium and overthrust faulting","docAbstract":"<p><span>The two principal suggested modes of facilitating overthrust faulting are (1) lubrication at the sole by evaporite beds or micaceous shales and (2) flotation due to anomalously high (&gt; hydrostatic) pore-water pressures. Past rapid sedimentation and tectonic compression have been suggested as important causes of anomalously high water pressure (Hubbert and Rubey, 1959). We suggest osmosis as another important possibility. Field data on shale beds and experimental studies on compacted clays show that such material can act as semipermeable membranes that greatly retard passage of dissolved electrolytes relative to H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O. Equilibrium osmotic pressure, π, across an ideal membrane is given by (a, activity; V</span><sub>H2O</sub><sup>0</sup><sub>1</sub><span>, molar volume of distilled water). At 80°C, π is 470 bars between saturated halite solution and distilled water; it is 360 bars between saturated and 10 per cent solutions. At 25°C the values are 20 per cent lower. Other dissolved components, if present in similar proportions, will enhance the effect. Anomalous water pressures of at least 400 bars above hydrostatic have been measured in oil wells; many of these wells penetrate evaporites and/or shales which separate formation waters of differing salt concentrations. These pressures are explicable by assuming osmotic equilibrium across a membrane which separates saturated halite solution from solutions up to 10 weight per cent NaCl. Thus, osmotic equilibrium may be an important mechanism for floating thrust sheets. Lubrication of thrust sheets by shales or evaporites and flotation by anomalously high pressures may be simply different manifestations of the same geologic milieu. © 1965, The Geological Society of America, Inc.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[1379:OEAOF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Hanshaw, B., and Zen, E., 1965, Osmotic equilibrium and overthrust faulting: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 76, no. 12, p. 1379-1385, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[1379:OEAOF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"1379","endPage":"1385","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanshaw, B.B.","contributorId":25928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zen, E-An","contributorId":47064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zen","given":"E-An","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207357,"text":"70207357 - 1965 - Solute erosion and chloride balance in selected river basins of the western conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-18T19:48:13","indexId":"70207357","displayToPublicDate":"1965-12-31T10:20:30","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute erosion and chloride balance in selected river basins of the western conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The estimated average rates of annual solute erosion in 11 important western river basins range from 180 tons per square mile (Willamette basin) to 4.2 tons per square mile (Gila basin). An average rate of 58 tons per square mile is indicated for the entire 545,000‐square‐mile area drained by the 11 rivers. The wide range in tonnage is the result of a complex of causes, among which differences in geology, gross climatic environments, and activities of man are the most important. Rates of solute erosion are highest in areas of abundant precipitation and runoff, in contrast to rates of suspended‐sediment removal, which are characteristically highest in basins subjected to only 10–15 inches of effective annual precipitation. Tonnages of chloride brought into the 11 river basins by rain and snow make up an equivalent of about 1.6 to about 17% of the chloride removed in runoff during an average year. The range of percentages reflects differences in the relative importance of oceanic and continental solute contributions. This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. Published in 1965 by the American Geophysical Union.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR001i004p00537","issn":" 00431397","usgsCitation":"Van Denburgh, A.S., and Feth, J.H., 1965, Solute erosion and chloride balance in selected river basins of the western conterminous United States: Water Resources Research, v. 1, no. 4, p. 537-541, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR001i004p00537.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"541","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -128.32031249999997,\n              22.59372606392931\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.4453125,\n              22.59372606392931\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.4453125,\n              50.064191736659104\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.32031249999997,\n              50.064191736659104\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.32031249999997,\n              22.59372606392931\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Denburgh, A. S.","contributorId":23928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Denburgh","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feth, J. H.","contributorId":50495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feth","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1650,"text":"1650 - 1965 - United States earthquake research program, earthquake prediction: program issue paper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T09:36:26","indexId":"1650","displayToPublicDate":"1965-10-15T09:35:09","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"United States earthquake research program, earthquake prediction: program issue paper","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/1650","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1965, United States earthquake research program, earthquake prediction: program issue paper, x, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/1650.","productDescription":"x, 6 p.","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c4fc8ae4b0b58d96eeb654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221199,"text":"70221199 - 1965 - Relations of fresh and salty ground water along the southeastern U. S. Atlantic Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T21:19:48.616707","indexId":"70221199","displayToPublicDate":"1965-10-01T16:14:21","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations of fresh and salty ground water along the southeastern U. S. Atlantic Coast","docAbstract":"<p>Studies of the hydrogeologic environments and the dynamic and equilibrium relations of fresh and salt water in aquifers have been intensified at several places along the southeastern Atlantic Coast. Some salt-water problems involve the coastal water-table aquifer, and others involve parts of the artesian system.</p><p>On the sandy coastal islands of North Carolina, freshwater lenses under water-table conditions float on salt water. Salt-water contamination may take place by (1) lateral encroachment from the ocean and bay; (2) vertical encroachment from below; (3) overland inundation by ocean water during storms; and (4) downward percolation of salt spray and salt-bearing precipitation.</p><p>In the Savannah, Georgia, and South Carolina area, salt-water encroachment along two of five water-bearing zones in the principal artesian (limestone) aquifer has been caused by the decline of artesian pressure due to pumping. Some wells in the limestone at nearby Parris Island, South Carolina, yield salty water when overpumped. From Savannah southward at least to Fernandina, Florida, connate salty water occurs in the artesian aquifer below the fresh water. At Brunswick, Georgia, connate salty water is stratified between fresh-water bodies in the limestone aquifer above depths of 2,000 feet. Connate salty water has contaminated the aquifer between depths of 500 and 800 feet in a small area in the city.</p><p>Along the southeast Florida coast drainage canals have been the primary cause of salt-water contamination of the highly permeable Biscayne aquifer. Criteria have been established for the operation of salinity-control dams to prevent encroachment. The salt-water front in the aquifer along the coast is dynamically stable under natural conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA The Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01224.x","usgsCitation":"Wait, R.L., and Callahan, J., 1965, Relations of fresh and salty ground water along the southeastern U. S. Atlantic Coast: Groundwater, v. 3, no. 4, p. 3-17, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01224.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","otherGeospatial":"southeastern U.S. Atlantic Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.33007812499999,\n              24.926294766395593\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5859375,\n              24.926294766395593\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5859375,\n              37.23032838760384\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.33007812499999,\n              37.23032838760384\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.33007812499999,\n              24.926294766395593\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wait, R. L.","contributorId":15988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wait","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Callahan, J.T.","contributorId":100920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70221194,"text":"70221194 - 1965 - Tracing the continuity of pleistocene aquifers in northern New Jersey by seismic methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T20:20:08.257589","indexId":"70221194","displayToPublicDate":"1965-10-01T14:22:09","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracing the continuity of pleistocene aquifers in northern New Jersey by seismic methods","docAbstract":"<p>Seismic<span>&nbsp;refraction measurements were used to draw a&nbsp;</span>new<span>&nbsp;bedrock contour map&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;Morris County,&nbsp;</span>New<span>&nbsp;</span>Jersey<span>, where the major ground‐water supplies are found&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;Quaternary sand and gravel deposits filling pre‐</span>Pleistocene<span>&nbsp;channels.&nbsp;</span>Aquifer<span>&nbsp;performance tests aided&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>tracing<span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span>continuity<span>&nbsp;of the Quaternary&nbsp;</span>aquifers<span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;these channels.&nbsp;</span>In<span>&nbsp;one case, the lack of&nbsp;</span>continuity<span>&nbsp;between two wells substantiated the&nbsp;</span>seismic<span>&nbsp;prediction that two separate channels were involved. The success of the&nbsp;</span>seismic<span>&nbsp;exploration emphasizes the value of using such&nbsp;</span>methods<span>, so that test drilling can be devoted to exploring the more favorable areas for production wells.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01227.x","usgsCitation":"Gill, H., Vecchioli, J., and Bonini, W., 1965, Tracing the continuity of pleistocene aquifers in northern New Jersey by seismic methods: Groundwater, v. 3, no. 4, p. 33-35, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01227.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"northern New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.25634765624999,\n              40.17047886718109\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.89404296874999,\n              40.17047886718109\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.89404296874999,\n              41.40153558289848\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.25634765624999,\n              41.40153558289848\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.25634765624999,\n              40.17047886718109\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, H.E.","contributorId":24330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchioli, John","contributorId":36113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchioli","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonini, W.E.","contributorId":168860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonini","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70222078,"text":"70222078 - 1965 - Biota of a late glacial rocky mountain pond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-16T13:23:47.276661","indexId":"70222078","displayToPublicDate":"1965-07-16T08:15:55","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biota of a late glacial rocky mountain pond","docAbstract":"<p>The sediments of a late glacial sag pond in Huerfano Park, south-central Colorado, have yielded a varied biota consisting of vertebrates, terrestrial and fresh-water mollusks, sponges, and pollen. Wood from the sediments has a radiocarbon age of 9600 ± 200 years. The vertebrate fauna contains the tooth of a prairie dog and the remains of frog, salamander, snake, and fish—all characteristic of present-day montane lakes and ponds and their margins in Colorado. The mollusks are all living species, and the fauna is dominated by gastropods. With the exception of one form (Vitrina alaskana Dall), whose known range does not extend as far south as Huerfano Park, the fauna is not significantly different from the mollusks living in the area today. The sediments also contain an abundant and unusually diversified sponge fauna in which as many as six species may be represented. A pollen spectrum from the sediments is composed of arboreal pollen characteristic of the present-day Transition Zone flora which, in Colorado, grows on the upper edge of the Great Plains and all of the foothills belt.</p><p>Vertical variation in the sediment types and the enclosed biota makes it possible to recreate the changing depositional environment and local climate throughout the life of the pond. The basal sediments, interbedded marl and clastic materials, are interpreted as indicating deposition during alternating wet and dry periods. A bed of nearly pure calcium carbonate marl, which reaches a thickness of 2 feet, forms the middle stratigraphic unit. It is highly fossiliferous and is thought to have been deposited during a warm dry period with relatively mild winters. The uppermost stratigraphic unit is a gray carbonaceous clay which filled the basin as vegetation encroached upon the lake and the lake itself was reduced to a marsh.</p><p>Because of the radiocarbon age and the reconstruction of the climate based upon faunal and sedimentological changes, the lower two stratigraphic units are thought to correlate with the Lubbock Subpluvial, and the uppermost unit, the gray carbonaceous clay, with the early part of the Yellow House Interval as described in the Llano Estacado, New Mexico.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[1203:BOALGR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kauffman, E., and McCulloch, D.S., 1965, Biota of a late glacial rocky mountain pond: GSA Bulletin, v. 76, no. 11, p. 1203-1232, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[1203:BOALGR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"30 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 \"}}]}","volume":"76","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauffman, E.G.","contributorId":77676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCulloch, David S. dmccullo@usgs.gov","contributorId":3100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"David","email":"dmccullo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":819448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175858,"text":"70175858 - 1965 - Chemical quality of ground water in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:05:03","indexId":"70175858","displayToPublicDate":"1965-07-14T13:30:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Chemical quality of ground water in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","usgsCitation":"Mann, W., and McBride, M., 1965, Chemical quality of ground water in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota: Bulletin, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Twin Cities metropolitan area","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.5093,45.4163],[-93.1289,45.4153],[-93.0186,45.4131],[-93.0188,45.2984],[-92.7894,45.297],[-92.7439,45.2963],[-92.7516,45.2935],[-92.7551,45.2927],[-92.7583,45.2904],[-92.7597,45.2872],[-92.7604,45.2845],[-92.7591,45.2794],[-92.7559,45.2739],[-92.7527,45.2694],[-92.7515,45.2657],[-92.7526,45.2626],[-92.7535,45.2584],[-92.7561,45.2541],[-92.7575,45.2502],[-92.7569,45.2443],[-92.7557,45.2397],[-92.7553,45.2356],[-92.7538,45.2305],[-92.7536,45.2276],[-92.7521,45.2236],[-92.752,45.2196],[-92.7527,45.2168],[-92.7546,45.2136],[-92.7573,45.2107],[-92.7603,45.2065],[-92.7619,45.2041],[-92.7632,45.2009],[-92.7637,45.1972],[-92.764,45.1895],[-92.7629,45.1853],[-92.7557,45.178],[-92.7522,45.1759],[-92.7493,45.173],[-92.748,45.1698],[-92.7472,45.1634],[-92.7483,45.1597],[-92.7475,45.1551],[-92.7473,45.1515],[-92.7484,45.1483],[-92.749,45.1419],[-92.7484,45.1373],[-92.7441,45.1264],[-92.7415,45.1172],[-92.7422,45.1135],[-92.7446,45.11],[-92.7467,45.1076],[-92.7513,45.1045],[-92.7591,45.0999],[-92.7624,45.0972],[-92.7803,45.0849],[-92.7847,45.083],[-92.7885,45.0806],[-92.7917,45.0791],[-92.795,45.0772],[-92.7982,45.0746],[-92.8001,45.0723],[-92.8019,45.0647],[-92.8016,45.0597],[-92.8005,45.0567],[-92.7984,45.0531],[-92.7952,45.0499],[-92.7926,45.0481],[-92.7881,45.0453],[-92.7837,45.0421],[-92.7745,45.0373],[-92.7707,45.0344],[-92.7683,45.0325],[-92.7645,45.0265],[-92.7639,45.0237],[-92.7639,45.0196],[-92.7682,45.0005],[-92.7694,44.9909],[-92.7686,44.9796],[-92.7646,44.9711],[-92.7547,44.9571],[-92.7527,44.9527],[-92.7523,44.9481],[-92.753,44.9369],[-92.7534,44.9237],[-92.7547,44.9159],[-92.7569,44.9105],[-92.7606,44.9068],[-92.7645,44.9046],[-92.767,44.9039],[-92.7707,44.9023],[-92.7729,44.901],[-92.775,44.8982],[-92.7738,44.8933],[-92.7689,44.8848],[-92.7632,44.8759],[-92.7628,44.8716],[-92.763,44.8671],[-92.7644,44.8622],[-92.7682,44.8554],[-92.7683,44.853],[-92.7671,44.8494],[-92.7652,44.8462],[-92.7646,44.8423],[-92.7644,44.8382],[-92.766,44.8308],[-92.7679,44.8265],[-92.7719,44.8211],[-92.7751,44.8161],[-92.7784,44.8125],[-92.7801,44.8095],[-92.781,44.8056],[-92.7823,44.8029],[-92.783,44.7966],[-92.7858,44.7893],[-92.7909,44.7842],[-92.7993,44.7765],[-92.802,44.7729],[-92.8046,44.7683],[-92.8059,44.7624],[-92.8073,44.7524],[-92.8061,44.7483],[-92.8054,44.7473],[-92.8022,44.7446],[-92.7901,44.7381],[-92.7805,44.7344],[-92.7722,44.7317],[-92.7658,44.7289],[-92.7569,44.7234],[-92.7536,44.7226],[-92.7471,44.7204],[-92.7415,44.7192],[-92.7339,44.7157],[-92.737,44.658],[-92.7386,44.6329],[-92.7957,44.6305],[-92.7915,44.5452],[-92.9165,44.5449],[-92.9179,44.5221],[-92.9218,44.518],[-92.9282,44.5158],[-92.9321,44.513],[-92.941,44.5149],[-92.9449,44.5131],[-92.9494,44.5104],[-92.9584,44.514],[-92.9634,44.5177],[-92.975,44.5159],[-92.9827,44.5173],[-92.991,44.5215],[-93.0057,44.5197],[-93.0121,44.5175],[-93.0166,44.5166],[-93.0275,44.5198],[-93.0301,44.5148],[-93.0346,44.5148],[-93.039,44.5171],[-93.0406,44.4729],[-93.2826,44.473],[-93.2798,44.546],[-93.5259,44.5466],[-93.9091,44.5446],[-93.9117,44.5492],[-93.9078,44.5528],[-93.9027,44.5524],[-93.9008,44.5492],[-93.8956,44.5483],[-93.8937,44.5515],[-93.8963,44.5561],[-93.9008,44.5606],[-93.8996,44.5647],[-93.8957,44.5675],[-93.8958,44.5711],[-93.8996,44.5743],[-93.8958,44.5775],[-93.8939,44.5807],[-93.8959,44.5871],[-93.8991,44.5903],[-93.8908,44.5962],[-93.8857,44.5967],[-93.8838,44.6012],[-93.878,44.6013],[-93.878,44.6077],[-93.8716,44.6063],[-93.8658,44.6063],[-93.8569,44.6168],[-93.8563,44.6218],[-93.8505,44.6219],[-93.8447,44.6201],[-93.8422,44.6233],[-93.8358,44.6242],[-93.8319,44.6251],[-93.8217,44.6297],[-93.8031,44.6366],[-93.7999,44.6361],[-93.7967,44.6343],[-93.7935,44.6311],[-93.7883,44.632],[-93.78,44.6362],[-93.7768,44.6385],[-93.7729,44.6366],[-93.7723,44.6325],[-93.7691,44.6312],[-93.7665,44.6362],[-93.7685,44.6417],[-93.7686,44.675],[-93.8887,44.6756],[-93.8902,44.7185],[-94.0104,44.719],[-94.0085,44.8947],[-94.0136,44.8951],[-94.0117,44.9796],[-93.7692,44.9789],[-93.7702,45.0734],[-93.7663,45.077],[-93.7631,45.0839],[-93.7534,45.0853],[-93.7399,45.0894],[-93.7341,45.0922],[-93.7322,45.0963],[-93.7257,45.1022],[-93.7225,45.11],[-93.72,45.1205],[-93.7155,45.1269],[-93.7019,45.1374],[-93.6852,45.1489],[-93.6793,45.1525],[-93.6716,45.1562],[-93.6574,45.1585],[-93.6554,45.1599],[-93.6529,45.1631],[-93.6503,45.169],[-93.6516,45.1841],[-93.6549,45.1905],[-93.6555,45.1969],[-93.6562,45.201],[-93.6471,45.2079],[-93.6387,45.2074],[-93.6361,45.206],[-93.6329,45.2056],[-93.6258,45.2092],[-93.6167,45.2115],[-93.6096,45.2111],[-93.6031,45.2111],[-93.5967,45.2134],[-93.5857,45.2189],[-93.5792,45.2189],[-93.5734,45.2202],[-93.5676,45.2225],[-93.5617,45.2289],[-93.554,45.2298],[-93.5462,45.2289],[-93.5371,45.2294],[-93.5332,45.2317],[-93.5197,45.2417],[-93.5158,45.2458],[-93.5138,45.2454],[-93.5093,45.4163]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Anoka\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82db0e4b03fd6b7da3636","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mann, W.B. IV","contributorId":89570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"W.B.","suffix":"IV","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McBride, M.S.","contributorId":21928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001418,"text":"1001418 - 1965 - An automatic camera device for measuring waterfowl use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-07T16:35:25.540112","indexId":"1001418","displayToPublicDate":"1965-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An automatic camera device for measuring waterfowl use","docAbstract":"A Yashica Sequelle camera was modified and equipped with a timing device so that it would take pictures automatically at 15-minute intervals. Several of these cameras were used to photograph randomly selected quadrats located in different marsh habitats. The number of birds photographed in the different areas was used as an index of waterfowl use.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3798066","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L.M., and Ashe, J., 1965, An automatic camera device for measuring waterfowl use: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 29, no. 3, p. 636-640, https://doi.org/10.2307/3798066.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"636","endPage":"640","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133814,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684cee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, Lewis M.","contributorId":34574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashe, J.E.","contributorId":6417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashe","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70221204,"text":"70221204 - 1965 - The drill‐stem test: The petroleum industry's deep‐well pumping test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T21:44:46.914029","indexId":"70221204","displayToPublicDate":"1965-07-01T16:42:04","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The drill‐stem test: The petroleum industry's deep‐well pumping test","docAbstract":"<p>Drill‐stem<span>&nbsp;tests provide the&nbsp;</span>petroleum<span>&nbsp;</span>industry<span>&nbsp;information on three critical properties of subsurface formations —pressure head, permeability, and water chemistry –that the ground‐water hydrologist also seeks in making&nbsp;</span>pumping<span>&nbsp;tests of water wells. As it is increasingly necessary to study the hydraulic and geochemical properties of&nbsp;</span>deep<span>‐lying rocks in order to understand the behavior of ground water, data on&nbsp;</span>drill‐stem<span>&nbsp;tests made by the&nbsp;</span>petroleum<span>&nbsp;</span>industry<span>&nbsp;become an important source of information which otherwise is unobtainable because of the high cost. Data from these tests made by methods currently in use are highly useful in water studies. An obvious conclusion is that both&nbsp;</span>petroleum<span>&nbsp;engineering and ground‐water hydrology stand to profit substantially from an increase in the interchange of ideas and techniques.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01218.x","usgsCitation":"Bredehoeft, J., 1965, The drill‐stem test: The petroleum industry's deep‐well pumping test: Groundwater, v. 3, no. 3, p. 31-36, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01218.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221197,"text":"70221197 - 1965 - Natural controls involved in shallow aquifer contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T21:03:19.909849","indexId":"70221197","displayToPublicDate":"1965-07-01T16:00:52","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural controls involved in shallow aquifer contamination","docAbstract":"<p>Shallow<span>&nbsp;aquifers, commonly the most important sources of ground water, are also those most susceptible to&nbsp;</span>contamination<span>. The mode of entry of contaminants to&nbsp;</span>shallow<span>&nbsp;aquifers is (1) directly, via wells or secondary openings&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;consolidated rocks, (2) percolation through the zone of aeration, (3) induced infiltration through the zone of saturation, and (4) interaquifer leakage or flow through open holes.&nbsp;</span>Natural<span>&nbsp;removal or degradation of contaminants is by filtration, dispersion, sorption, ion exchange, oxidation, and various biochemical processes. These phenomena are controlled by the physical environment, structure; mineralogy, and hydraulic characteristics of the earth materials contacted by the liquid wastes. When liquid wastes enter an&nbsp;</span>aquifer<span>&nbsp;directly, there is little or no&nbsp;</span>natural<span>&nbsp;treatment by filtration, sorption, or oxidation. Purification is only by those processes that operate within the&nbsp;</span>aquifer<span>&nbsp;under anaerobic conditions. Contaminants from&nbsp;</span>natural<span>&nbsp;sources that enter aquifers under saturated‐flow conditions are degraded primarily by dilution. The&nbsp;</span>natural<span>&nbsp;processes effective&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;reducing&nbsp;</span>contamination<span>&nbsp;from surface‐water sources depend on the hydraulic regimen&nbsp;</span>involved<span>, which vary with individual cases. Liquid wastes percolating through the zone of aeration are those most likely to be purified by&nbsp;</span>natural<span>&nbsp;environment processes.&nbsp;</span>Natural<span>&nbsp;processes, however, do not effectively remove or degrade all contaminants, especially some of the many highly stable compounds that have gained widespread use&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;recent years, such as synthetic detergents. Comprehensive interdisciplinary research into the ability of various earth materials to remove many types of contaminants under varying hydrologic conditions is needed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01219.x","usgsCitation":"Deutsch, M., 1965, Natural controls involved in shallow aquifer contamination: Groundwater, v. 3, no. 3, p. 37-40, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01219.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deutsch, M.","contributorId":19707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutsch","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010807,"text":"70010807 - 1965 - Low deuterium content of Lake Vanda, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-10T18:50:44.868847","indexId":"70010807","displayToPublicDate":"1965-05-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low deuterium content of Lake Vanda, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Lake Vanda in Victoria Land, Antarctica, is permanently ice-covered and permanently stratified, with warm, salty water near the bottom. Deuterium analyses of lake water from several levels indicate that the lake has a low deuterium content, and that it is stratified with respect to this isotope. This low deuterium content supports the evidence from the lake's ionic content that the saline layer is not of marine origin, and it indicates that evaporation from the ice surface has taken place. The stratification of the lake with respect to deuterium suggests that the upper and lower layers of water were formed at different times from different sources of glacial melt water.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.148.3674.1226","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Ragotzkie, R., and Friedman, I., 1965, Low deuterium content of Lake Vanda, Antarctica: Science, v. 148, no. 3674, p. 1226-1227, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.148.3674.1226.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1226","endPage":"1227","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218673,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Vanda, Victoria Land, Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              155.94852787212506,\n              -78.21218030941368\n            ],\n            [\n              171.0951946664561,\n              -78.21218030941368\n            ],\n            [\n              171.0951946664561,\n              -75.70367410122311\n            ],\n            [\n              155.94852787212506,\n              -75.70367410122311\n            ],\n            [\n              155.94852787212506,\n              -78.21218030941368\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"148","issue":"3674","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a01e4b0c8380cd68a59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ragotzkie, R.A.","contributorId":67213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragotzkie","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010597,"text":"70010597 - 1965 - Radiocarbon determinations for estimating groundwater flow velocities in central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-10T21:24:21.878527","indexId":"70010597","displayToPublicDate":"1965-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiocarbon determinations for estimating groundwater flow velocities in central Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Carbon-14 activity was determined from HCO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;in samples of groundwater obtained from the principal artesian aquifer in Florida. From these data the \"age\" of water obtained from a series of wells, each progressively farther down gradient on the piezometric surface, was established. Relative carbon-14 ages indicated a velocity of groundwater movement of 23 feet (7 meters) per year for about 85 miles (137 kilometers) of travel. A velocity of 23 feet per year was calculated independently from Darcy's law.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.148.3669.494","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Hanshaw, B., Back, W., and Rubin, M., 1965, Radiocarbon determinations for estimating groundwater flow velocities in central Florida: Science, v. 148, no. 3669, p. 494-495, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.148.3669.494.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"494","endPage":"495","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219096,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"central Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.9572772353431,\n              29.55750556929405\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.9572772353431,\n              27.102727498933774\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.334695107516,\n              27.102727498933774\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.334695107516,\n              29.55750556929405\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.9572772353431,\n              29.55750556929405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"148","issue":"3669","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93e3e4b0c8380cd810ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanshaw, B.B.","contributorId":25928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, M.","contributorId":88079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70221193,"text":"70221193 - 1965 - Environmental framework of ground‐water contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T19:19:40.178242","indexId":"70221193","displayToPublicDate":"1965-04-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental framework of ground‐water contamination","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ramifications of&nbsp;</span>contamination<span>&nbsp;are increasingly involved in the majority of&nbsp;</span>ground‐water<span>&nbsp;problems. The volume of usable&nbsp;</span>ground<span>&nbsp;</span>water<span>&nbsp;is shrinking in many places because of dispersion of contaminated&nbsp;</span>water<span>. Consideration of&nbsp;</span>ground‐water<span>&nbsp;</span>contamination<span>&nbsp;as a multitude of independent problems, separately solvable as each problem arises, is outmoded; wise policies, relating&nbsp;</span>water<span>&nbsp;supply to&nbsp;</span>contamination<span>&nbsp;potential, are needed to alleviate and to forestall problems. Methodology of managing&nbsp;</span>contamination<span>&nbsp;problems calls for appropriate classification of the hydrogeologic environment; these classifications include aspects of interdependent factors such as permeability, sorption, hydraulic gradient, position of&nbsp;</span>water<span>&nbsp;table relative to some base, and distance from source of&nbsp;</span>contamination<span>. Effective evaluations relate the dynamics of the hydrogeologic environment to contingencies involving&nbsp;</span>contamination<span>, as man changes his&nbsp;</span>water<span>‐development and waste‐disposal practices. Ways of&nbsp;</span>contamination<span>&nbsp;and pertinent parts of the physical environment include: waste‐disposal practices (at or near land surface and in deep formations), artificial recharge (at land surface and in aquifers), accidents, and salt‐</span>water<span>&nbsp;</span>contamination<span>&nbsp;of aquifers (shallow depth from salty surface&nbsp;</span>water<span>&nbsp;and at variable depths from subjacent salty aquifers). Evaluation of waste‐disposal problems calls for appreciation of two opposing tendencies–the tendency of wastes to move with&nbsp;</span>ground<span>&nbsp;</span>water<span>&nbsp;and the tendency to be attenuated near disposal sites by decay or inherent decrease in potency, by chemical and physical sorption, and by dilution through dispersion of&nbsp;</span>ground<span>&nbsp;</span>water<span>. Mixed wastes of differing attenuation habits represent special complex problems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01204.x","usgsCitation":"LeGrand, H.E., 1965, Environmental framework of ground‐water contamination: Groundwater, v. 3, no. 2, p. 11-15, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01204.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeGrand, H. E.","contributorId":54571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeGrand","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}