{"pageNumber":"255","pageRowStart":"6350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41062,"records":[{"id":70217163,"text":"70217163 - 2021 - Characterizing physical properties of streambed interface sediments using in situ complex electrical conductivity measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T21:51:47.504261","indexId":"70217163","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-17T08:11:24","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing physical properties of streambed interface sediments using in situ complex electrical conductivity measurements","docAbstract":"Streambed sediment physical properties such as surface area, are difficult to quantify in situ but exert a high‐level control on a wide range of biogeochemical processes and sorption of contaminants. We introduce the use of complex electrical conductivity (CC) methods (also known as spectral induced polarization (SIP)) that measure both real and imaginary conductivity to non‐invasively and efficiently characterize shallow streambed sediments. We explore the method through synthetic modeling, laboratory, and field measurements to demonstrate the sensitivity of imaginary conductivity to sediment surface area, controlled in part by fine‐grained iron oxides produced by anoxic groundwater discharge. Laboratory measurements verify expected relationships between CC parameters and sediment properties. Synthetic modeling using a 1D analytical model illustrates the influence of water layer depth and conductivity on the field CC measurements made at the streambed‐stream water interface. Specifically, the inverted sediment imaginary conductivity is less impacted by uncertainty in the water layer depth and conductivity relative to the real conductivity and phase shift. Field CC measurements along a landfill‐impacted river reveal discrete streambed zones with enhanced bulk surface area generally corresponding to anoxic groundwater discharges zones with high concentrations of fine‐grained iron oxide precipitates.
A new quantitative mineral resource assessment for tungsten, a critical mineral commodity with highly concentrated production and a moderate risk of global supply disruption, was conducted for the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California. This assessment was part of a larger effort focusing on three regions in the United States and represents the first study of domestic tungsten resources and mineral potential in over twenty years. By integrating geology, bedrock and stream sediment geochemistry, geophysics, and remote sensing data with recently developed software tools and analyses, estimates of undiscovered tungsten skarn deposits in permissive tracts are combined with grade and tonnage distributions of known deposits to generate probabilistic estimates of undiscovered resources. Identified resources in the Great Basin region total 168 thousand metric tons (kt) of tungsten trioxide (WO3), including 116 kt of past production and 52 kt remaining in place. Consistent with the historic significance of the Great Basin region as a past producer containing a large portion of U.S. identified resources, undiscovered resources are likely to occur adjacent to known deposits and prospects and at unexplored depths. Undiscovered deposits are estimated to contain median resources of 940 kt of WO3 with a 90% probability of at least 420 kt and a 10% probability of at least 1.7 million metric tons (Mt), of which 240 kt to 1.1 Mt may be economic to extract. Based on a 20-year average price, median recoverable undiscovered resources are estimated at 570 kt WO3 equivalent with a net present value of $3 billion U.S. dollars. The methods, data, results, and economic significance of the assessment contribute to a scientific understanding of a critical mineral resource with direct implications for policy and land management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106712","usgsCitation":"Lederer, G.W., Solano, F., Coyan, J.A., Denton, K., Watts, K., Mercer, C.N., Bickerstaff, D., and Granitto, M., 2021, Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 223, 106712, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106712.","productDescription":"106712, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119992","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488120,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106712","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9D1KQGR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California - Geodatabase"},{"id":436614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9D1KQGR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California - Geodatabase"},{"id":436613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RD6SEF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California - Simulation results"},{"id":436612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RD6SEF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California - Simulation results"},{"id":381941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.86083984375,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -116.27929687499999,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -116.27929687499999,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -119.86083984375,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -119.86083984375,\n 35.7286770448517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"223","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lederer, Graham W. 0000-0002-9505-9923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-9923","contributorId":202407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lederer","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solano, Federico 0000-0002-0308-5850","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-5850","contributorId":213145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solano","given":"Federico","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coyan, Joshua Aaron 0000-0002-8450-7364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-7364","contributorId":247291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coyan","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"Aaron","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denton, Kevin 0000-0001-9604-4021","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4021","contributorId":207718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watts, Kathryn E. 0000-0002-6110-7499","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-7499","contributorId":204344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kathryn E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mercer, Celestine N. 0000-0001-8359-4147 cmercer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8359-4147","contributorId":4006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercer","given":"Celestine","email":"cmercer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bickerstaff, Damon 0000-0003-0887-9761","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0887-9761","contributorId":201974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bickerstaff","given":"Damon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Granitto, Matthew 0000-0003-3445-4863 granitto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863","contributorId":1224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granitto","given":"Matthew","email":"granitto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70218028,"text":"70218028 - 2021 - Upper Colorado River Basin 20th century droughts under 21st century warming: Plausible scenarios for the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T13:08:41.150759","indexId":"70218028","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-17T07:04:16","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5567,"text":"Climate Services","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Colorado River Basin 20th century droughts under 21st century warming: Plausible scenarios for the future","docAbstract":"This study builds on a collaboration with a water resource management community of practice in the Upper Colorado River Basin to develop scenarios of future drought and assess impacts on water supply reliability. Water managers are concerned with the impacts of warming on water year streamflow, but uncertainties in projections of climate make the application of these projections to planning a challenge. Instead, water managers considered a plausible scenario for future drought to be historical droughts to which warming is added. We used a simple statistical model of water year streamflow with temperatures increased by 1 °C to 4 °C, and then examined reductions in flow and runoff efficiency (RE) with each degree of warming for the six droughts defined in the observed streamflow record. In order to place these results into a management context, we employed an existing framework for system reliability, and in particular, a vulnerability assessment for water delivery metrics. Using modeled streamflow resulting from 1 °C to 4 °C warming, we found vulnerable condition thresholds for the two water delivery metrics assessed, Upper Basin Shortage and Lees Ferry Deficit, were crossed relatively infrequently at +1 °C, but with a substantially increased frequency under additional warming. Results are more relevant to resource management because the impacts of warming on Upper Colorado River streamflow were assessed in the context of management metrics and vulnerability thresholds, in collaboration with members of the water management community of practice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100206","usgsCitation":"Woodhouse, C.A., Smith, R.M., McAfee, S., Pederson, G.T., McCabe, G.J., Miller, W.P., and Csank, A., 2021, Upper Colorado River Basin 20th century droughts under 21st century warming: Plausible scenarios for the future: Climate Services, v. 21, 100206, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100206.","productDescription":"100206, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118594","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100206","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.731125592643274\n ],\n [\n -111.1376953125,\n 42.114523952464246\n ],\n [\n -112.78564453124999,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -112.6318359375,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -111.9287109375,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -110.1708984375,\n 35.8356283888737\n ],\n [\n -106.63330078125,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -106.787109375,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -104.83154296875,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -104.96337890625,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.731125592643274\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodhouse, Connie A.","contributorId":187601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Rebecca M.","contributorId":250719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAfee, Stephanie A.","contributorId":167115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAfee","given":"Stephanie A.","affiliations":[{"id":24618,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":200854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, W. Paul","contributorId":250720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":50235,"text":"NOAA Colorado River Forecast Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Csank, Adam","contributorId":191067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Csank","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70230052,"text":"70230052 - 2021 - Evidence of post-breeding prospecting in a long-distance migrant.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T13:59:59.515137","indexId":"70230052","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-16T08:52:38","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of post-breeding prospecting in a long-distance migrant.","docAbstract":"- Organisms assess biotic and abiotic cues at multiple sites when deciding where to settle. However, due to temporal constraints on this prospecting, the suitability of available habitat may be difficult for an individual to assess when cues are most reliable, or at the time they are making settlement decisions. For migratory birds, the postbreeding season may be the optimal time to prospect and inform settlement decisions for future breeding seasons.
- We investigated the fall movements of flammulated owls (Psiloscops flammeolus) within breeding habitat after fledglings had gained independence and before adults left for migration. From 2013 to 2016, we trapped owls within a breeding population wherein all nesting owls and their young have been banded since 1981. We used stable isotopes in combination with mark–recapture data to identify local individuals and differentiate potential prospecting behavior from other seasonal movements such as migration or staging.
- We commonly captured owls in the fall—predominantly hatch-year owls—that were not known residents of the study area. Several of these nonresident owls were later found breeding within the study area. Stable isotope data suggested a local origin for virtually all owls captured during the fall.
- Our results suggest that hatch-year flammulated owls, but also some after-hatch-year owls, use the period between the breeding season and fall migration to prospect for future breeding sites. The timing of this behavior is likely driven by seasonally variable costs associated with prospecting.
- Determining the timing of prospecting and the specific cues that are being assessed will be important in helping predict the extent to which climate change and/or altered disturbance regimes will modify the ecology, behavior, and demographics associated with prospecting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.7085","usgsCitation":"Ciaglo, M., Calhoun, R., Yanco, S.W., Wunder, M., Stricker, C.A., and Linkhart, B.D., 2021, Evidence of post-breeding prospecting in a long-distance migrant.: Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, p. 599-611, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7085.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"611","ipdsId":"IP-119113","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7085","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Pike National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.3,\n 39.150\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 39.150\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -105.3,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -105.3,\n 39.150\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ciaglo, Max","contributorId":289314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ciaglo","given":"Max","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37163,"text":"Colorado College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calhoun, Ross","contributorId":289315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calhoun","given":"Ross","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37163,"text":"Colorado College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yanco, Scott W","contributorId":289316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yanco","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":16824,"text":"University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wunder, Michael B.","contributorId":80599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wunder","given":"Michael B.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Linkhart, Brian D","contributorId":289318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Linkhart","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":37163,"text":"Colorado College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70217283,"text":"70217283 - 2021 - Effects of postfire climate and seed availability on postfire conifer regeneration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T14:32:59.021108","indexId":"70217283","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-16T08:08:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of postfire climate and seed availability on postfire conifer regeneration","docAbstract":"Large, severe fires are becoming more frequent in many forest types across the western United States and have resulted in tree mortality across tens of thousands of hectares. Conifer regeneration in these areas is limited because seeds must travel long distances to reach the interior of large burned patches and establishment is jeopardized by increasingly hot and dry conditions. To better inform postfire management in low elevation forests of California, USA, we collected 5‐year postfire recovery data from 1,234 study plots in 19 wildfires that burned from 2004–2012 and 18 years of seed production data from 216 seed fall traps (1999–2017). We used this data in conjunction with spatially extensive estimates of climate, topography, forest composition, and burn severity to construct taxon‐specific, spatially explicit models of conifer regeneration that incorporate estimated climate conditions and seed availability during postfire recovery windows. We found that after accounting for other predictors both postfire and historical precipitation were strong predictors of regeneration, suggesting that both direct effects of postfire moisture conditions and biological inertia from historical climate may play a role in regeneration. Alternatively, postfire regeneration may simply be driven by postfire climate and apparent relationships with historical climate could be spurious. The estimated sensitivity of regeneration to postfire seed availability was strongest in firs and all conifers combined and weaker in pines. Seed production exhibited high temporal variability with seed production varying by over two orders of magnitude among years. Our models indicate that during droughts postfire conifer regeneration declines most substantially in low‐to‐moderate elevation forests. These findings enhance our mechanistic understanding of forecasted and historically documented shifts in the distribution of trees.
Previously, Tsurutani and Lakhina (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058825) created estimates for a “perfect” interplanetary coronal mass ejection and performed simple calculations for the response of geospace, including ![\"urn:x-wiley:15427390:media:swe21087:swe21087-math-0001\"](\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/cceead79-05a6-41a0-8d74-9a353569615a/swe21087-math-0001.png\")
. In this study, these estimates are used to drive a coupled magnetohydrodynamic-ring current-ionosphere model of geospace to obtain more physically accurate estimates of the geospace response to such an event. The sudden impulse phase is examined and compared to the estimations of Tsurutani and Lakhina (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058825). The physics-based simulation yields similar estimates for Dst rise, magnetopause compression, and equatorial ![\"urn:x-wiley:15427390:media:swe21087:swe21087-math-0002\"](\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/6e38f687-0768-47cf-89b1-6988d627d1c8/swe21087-math-0002.png\")
values as the previous study. However, results diverge away from the equator. ![\"urn:x-wiley:15427390:media:swe21087:swe21087-math-0003\"](\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/ae14b580-4f4a-43b5-938c-165d5b628d8a/swe21087-math-0003.png\")
values in excess of 30 nT/s are found as low as ![\"urn:x-wiley:15427390:media:swe21087:swe21087-math-0004\"](\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/ecab05a2-3abf-4732-8400-e9d4484744dc/swe21087-math-0004.png\")
magnetic latitude. Under southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions, magnetopause erosion combines with strong region one Birkeland currents to intensify the ![\"urn:x-wiley:15427390:media:swe21087:swe21087-math-0005\"](\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/8ca9f9f1-4662-4ba3-a686-cd68ef92fb74/swe21087-math-0005.png\")
response. Values obtained here surpass those found in historically recorded events and set the upper threshold of extreme geomagnetically induced current activity at Earth.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020SW002489","usgsCitation":"Welling, D.T., Love, J.J., Rigler, E.J., Oliveira, D.M., Komar, C.M., and Morley, S., 2021, Numerical simulations of the geospace response to the arrival of an idealized perfect interplanetary coronal mass ejection: Space Weather, v. 19, no. 2, e2020SW002489, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002489.","productDescription":"e2020SW002489, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120102","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020sw002489","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welling, Daniel T. 0000-0002-0590-1022","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-1022","contributorId":261765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welling","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":53003,"text":"University of Texas at Arlington Department of Physics, Arlington, Texas, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rigler, E. Joshua 0000-0003-4850-3953 erigler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-3953","contributorId":4367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigler","given":"E.","email":"erigler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Joshua","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oliveira, Denny M.","contributorId":261766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliveira","given":"Denny","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":53004,"text":"Goddard Planetary Heliophysics Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Komar, Colin M. 0000-0001-5850-7507","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5850-7507","contributorId":261767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Komar","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":53007,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; The Catholic University of America, Washington DC, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morley, Steven 0000-0001-8520-0199","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8520-0199","contributorId":220242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morley","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70222950,"text":"70222950 - 2021 - Revisiting California’s past great earthquakes and long-term earthquake rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-10T13:55:41.089339","indexId":"70222950","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-15T08:47:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revisiting California’s past great earthquakes and long-term earthquake rate","docAbstract":"In this study, we revisit the three largest historical earthquakes in California—the 1857 Fort Tejon, 1872 Owens Valley, and 1906 San Francisco earthquakes—to review their published moment magnitudes, and compare their estimated shaking distributions with predictions using modern ground‐motion models (GMMs) and ground‐motion intensity conversion equations. Currently accepted moment magnitude estimates for the three earthquakes are 7.9, 7.6, and 7.8, respectively. We first consider the extent to which the intensity distributions of all three earthquakes are consistent with a moment magnitude toward the upper end of the estimated range. We then apply a GMM‐based method to estimate the magnitudes of large historical earthquakes. The intensity distribution of the 1857 earthquake is too sparse to provide a strong constraint on magnitude. For the 1872 earthquake, consideration of all available constraints suggests that it was a high stress‐drop event, with a magnitude on the higher end of the range implied by scaling relationships, that is, higher than moment magnitude 7.6. For the 1906 earthquake, based on our analysis of regional intensities and the detailed intensity distribution in San Francisco, along with other available constraints, we estimate a preferred moment magnitude of 7.9, consistent with the published estimate based on geodetic and instrumental seismic data. These results suggest that, although there can be a tendency for historical earthquake magnitudes to be overestimated, the accepted catalog magnitudes of California’s largest historical earthquakes could be too low. Given the uncertainties of the magnitude estimates, the seismic moment release rate between 1850 and 2019 could have been either higher or lower than the average over millennial time scales. It is further not possible to reject the hypothesis that California seismicity is described by an untruncated Gutenberg–Richter distribution with a b\">b‐value of 1.0 for moment magnitudes up to 8.0.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200253","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., Page, M.T., Salditch, L., Gallahue, M.M., Lucas, M.C., Neely, J.S., and Stein, S., 2021, Revisiting California’s past great earthquakes and long-term earthquake rate: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 111, no. 1, p. 356-370, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200253.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"356","endPage":"370","ipdsId":"IP-119089","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Neely, James S.","contributorId":263454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neely","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stein, Seth","contributorId":263457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stein","given":"Seth","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70216935,"text":"70216935 - 2021 - Modeling areal measures of campsite impacts on the Appalachian National Scenic Trail to enhance ecological sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T14:27:20.177567","indexId":"70216935","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-15T08:24:58","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling areal measures of campsite impacts on the Appalachian National Scenic Trail to enhance ecological sustainability","docAbstract":"Campsite impacts in protected natural areas are most effectively minimized by a containment strategy that focuses use on a limited number of sustainable campsites that spatially concentrate camping activities. This research employs spatial autoregressive (SAR) modeling to evaluate the relative influence of use-related, environmental, and managerial factors on two salient measures of campsite impact. Relational analyses examined numerous field-collected and GIS-derived indicators, including several new indicators calculated using high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) topographic data to evaluate the influence of terrain characteristics on the dependent variables.
Chosen variables in the best SAR models explained 35% and 30% of the variation in campsite size and area of vegetation loss on campsites. Results identified three key indicators that managers can manipulate to enhance the sustainability of campsites: campsite type, and terrain characteristics relating to landform slope and topographic roughness. Results support indirect management methods that rely on the location, design, construction, and maintenance of campsites, instead of direct regulations that restrict visitation or visitor freedoms. As visitation pressures continue to increase, this knowledge can be applied to select and promote the use of more ecologically sustainable campsites.
Seismic anisotropy measurements show that upper mantle hydration at the Middle America Trench (MAT) is limited to serpentinization and/or water in fault zones, rather than distributed uniformly. Subduction of hydrated oceanic lithosphere recycles water back into the deep mantle, drives arc volcanism, and affects seismicity at subduction zones. Constraining the extent of upper mantle hydration is an important part of understanding many fundamental processes on Earth. Substantially reduced seismic velocities in tomography suggest that outer rise plate‐bending faults provide a pathway for seawater to rehydrate the slab mantle just prior to subduction. Estimates of outer‐rise hydration based on tomograms vary significantly, with some large enough to imply that, globally, subduction has consumed more than two oceans worth of water during the Phanerozoic. We found that, while the mean upper mantle wavespeed is reduced at the MAT outer rise, the amplitude and orientation of inherited anisotropy are preserved at depths >1 km below the Moho. At shallower depths, relict anisotropy is replaced by slowing in the fault‐normal direction. These observations are incompatible with pervasive hydration but consistent with models of wave propagation through serpentinized fault zones that thin to <100‐m in width at depths >1 km below Moho. Confining hydration to fault zones reduces water storage estimates for the MAT upper mantle from ∼3.5 wt% to <0.9 wt% H20. Since the intermediate thermal structure in the ∼24 Myr‐old MAT slab favors serpentinization, limited hydration suggests that fault mechanics are the limiting factor, not temperatures. Subducting mantle may be similarly dry globally.
Dryland ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon cycle, including regulating the inter-annual global carbon sink. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are essential tools that can help us better understand carbon cycling in different ecosystems. Currently, there is limited knowledge of the performance of these models in drylands partly due to characterizing the heterogeneity of the vegetation and hydrometeorological conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a DGVM for drylands to facilitate improved understanding of gross primary production (GPP) as one of the important components of the carbon cycle. We performed a sensitivity analysis and calibrated the Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) DGVM to simulate GPP in a dryland watershed (Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho) in the western US for the years 2000-2017. GPP capacity and activity were investigated by comparing model simulations with GPP estimated from eddy covariance data (available from 2015-2017) and remote sensing products (2000-2017). Our results show good performance of EDv2.2 at daily timesteps (RMSE≈0.38[kgC/m2/year])\">RMSE≈0.38[kgC/m2/year])
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108270","usgsCitation":"Dashti, H., Pandit, K., Glenn, N.F., Shinneman, D.J., Flerchinger, G.N., Hudak, A., de Graaf, M.A., Flores, A.N., Ustin, S.L., Ilangakoon, N., and Fellows, A.W., 2021, Performance of the ecosystem demography model (EDv2.2) in simulating gross primary production capacity and activity in a dryland study area: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 297, 108270, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108270.","productDescription":"108270, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113788","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108270","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 42.48830197960227\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"297","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dashti, Hamid","contributorId":257078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dashti","given":"Hamid","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pandit, Karun","contributorId":221464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pandit","given":"Karun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenn, Nancy F.","contributorId":195241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shinneman, Douglas J. 0000-0002-4909-5181 dshinneman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-5181","contributorId":147745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"Douglas","email":"dshinneman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flerchinger, Gerald N.","contributorId":257377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flerchinger","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":37009,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hudak, Andrew A.","contributorId":257079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudak","given":"Andrew A.","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"de Graaf, Marie Anne","contributorId":257378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Graaf","given":"Marie","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Flores, Alejandro N","contributorId":256965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flores","given":"Alejandro","email":"","middleInitial":"N","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ustin, Susan L.","contributorId":52878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ustin","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ilangakoon, Nayani","contributorId":257382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ilangakoon","given":"Nayani","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fellows, Aaron W.","contributorId":257383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fellows","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37009,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70218027,"text":"70218027 - 2021 - High elevation ice patch documents Holocene climate variability in the northern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T13:19:54.335361","indexId":"70218027","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-15T07:09:46","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7169,"text":"Quaternary Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High elevation ice patch documents Holocene climate variability in the northern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Paleoclimate records from ice cores generally are considered to be the most direct indicators of environmental change, but are rare from mid-latitude, continental regions such as the western United States. High-elevation ice patches are known to be important archaeological archives in alpine regions and potentially could provide records important for Earth System Model evaluation and to understand linkages between climate and early human activities, but this potential largely is unexplored. Here we use a well-dated ice-core record from a shallow ice patch to investigate Rocky Mountain winter-season climate during the Holocene. Our records indicate that this ice patch consistently accumulated ice over the past 10 kyr, preserving a regionally representative climate record of stable water isotopes and ice accretion rates that documented generally cooler and wetter conditions during the early Holocene and 500 years of anomalous winter season warmth centered at 4100 cal yr BP followed by a rapid cooling and 1500 years of cooler and wetter winters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2020.100021","usgsCitation":"Chellman, N.J., Pederson, G.T., Lee, C., McWethy, D., Pusman, K., Stone, J.R., Brown, S., and McConnell, J.R., 2021, High elevation ice patch documents Holocene climate variability in the northern Rocky Mountains: Quaternary Science Advances, v. 3, 100021, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2020.100021.","productDescription":"100021, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102980","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2020.100021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Kintla Lake, Beartooth ice patch, Emerald Lake, Beauty Lake, Island Lake, Bighorn Basin, Minnetonka Cave, Bison Lake","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chellman, Nathan J.","contributorId":140597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chellman","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Craig","contributorId":250716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50230,"text":"University of Colorado, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McWethy, Dave","contributorId":250717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McWethy","given":"Dave","affiliations":[{"id":50231,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Earth Sciences, Bozeman, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pusman, Kathryn","contributorId":250718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pusman","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50232,"text":"Paleoscapes Archaeobotanical Services Team, Baily, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stone, Jeffery R.","contributorId":222205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, Sabrina R.","contributorId":222194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Sabrina R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McConnell, Joseph R.","contributorId":191064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McConnell","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70223853,"text":"70223853 - 2021 - Spatial patterns and drivers of nonperennial flow regimes in the contiguous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T13:45:18.247157","indexId":"70223853","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-14T08:35:22","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial patterns and drivers of nonperennial flow regimes in the contiguous United States","docAbstract":"Over half of global rivers and streams lack perennial flow, and understanding the distribution and drivers of their flow regimes is critical for understanding their hydrologic, biogeochemical, and ecological functions. We analyzed nonperennial flow regimes using 540 U.S. Geological Survey watersheds across the contiguous United States from 1979 to 2018. Multivariate analyses revealed regional differences in no-flow fraction, date of first no flow, and duration of the dry-down period, with further divergence between natural and human-altered watersheds. Aridity was a primary driver of no-flow metrics at the continental scale, while unique combinations of climatic, physiographic and anthropogenic drivers emerged at regional scales. Dry-down duration showed stronger associations with nonclimate drivers compared to no-flow fraction and timing. Although the sparse distribution of nonperennial gages limits our understanding of such streams, the watersheds examined here suggest the important role of aridity and land cover change in modulating future stream drying.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020GL090794","usgsCitation":"Hammond, J., Zimmer, M., Shanafield, M., Kaiser, K.E., Godsey, S., Mims, M.C., Zipper, S., Burrow, R., Kampf, S.K., Dodds, W., Jones, C., Krabbenhoft, C., Boersma, K., Datry, T., Olden, J., Allen, G., Price, A.N., Costigan, K., Hale, R., Ward, A.S., and Allen, D., 2021, Spatial patterns and drivers of nonperennial flow regimes in the contiguous United States: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 48, no. 2, e2020GL090794, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090794.","productDescription":"e2020GL090794, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119781","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454097,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl090794","text":"External Repository"},{"id":436624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data 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,{"id":70216905,"text":"70216905 - 2021 - Pesticides and pesticide degradates in groundwater used for public supply across the United States: Occurrence and human-health context","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T15:46:38.935356","indexId":"70216905","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-14T07:10:10","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides and pesticide degradates in groundwater used for public supply across the United States: Occurrence and human-health context","docAbstract":"This is the first assessment of groundwater from public-supply wells across the United States to analyze for >100 pesticide degradates and to provide human-health context for degradates without benchmarks. Samples from 1204 wells in aquifers representing 70% of the volume pumped for drinking supply were analyzed for 109 pesticides (active ingredients) and 116 degradates. Among the 41% of wells where pesticide compounds were detected, nearly two-thirds contained compound mixtures and three-quarters contained degradates. Atrazine, hexazinone, prometon, tebuthiuron, four atrazine degradates, and one metolachlor degradate were each detected in >5% of wells. Detection frequencies were largest for aquifers with more shallow, unconfined wells producing modern-age groundwater. To screen for potential human-health concerns, benchmark quotients (BQs) were calculated by dividing concentrations by the human-health benchmark, when available. For degradates without benchmarks, estimated values (estimated benchmark quotients (BQE)) were first calculated by assuming equimolar toxicity to the most toxic parent; final analysis excluded degradates with likely overestimated toxicity. Six pesticide compounds and 1.6% of wells had concentrations approaching levels of potential concern (individual or summed BQ or BQE values >0.1), and none exceeded these levels (values >1). Therefore, although pesticide compounds occurred frequently, concentrations were low, even accounting for mixtures and degradates without benchmarks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.0c05793","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., Belitz, K., Lindsey, B.D., Toccalino, P., and Nowell, L.H., 2021, Pesticides and pesticide degradates in groundwater used for public supply across the United States: Occurrence and human-health context: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 55, no. 16, p. 362-372, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05793.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"372","ipdsId":"IP-120418","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05793","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Continental United States","geographicExtents":"{\n 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,{"id":70217007,"text":"70217007 - 2021 - Determination of four arsenic species in environmental water samples by liquid chromatography- inductively coupled plasma - tandem mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T12:41:06.267628","indexId":"70217007","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-14T06:48:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7479,"text":"MethodsX","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of four arsenic species in environmental water samples by liquid chromatography- inductively coupled plasma - tandem mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Robust and sensitive methods for monitoring inorganic and organic As species As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinate (DMA), and monomethylarsonate (MMA) in environmental water are necessary to understand the toxicity and redox processes of As in a specific environment. The method is sufficiently sensitive and selective to ensure accurate and precise quantitation of As(III), As(V), DMA, and MMA in surface water and groundwater samples with As species concentrations from tens of nanograms per liter to 50 µg/L without dilution of the sample. Mean recoveries of the four species spiked into reagent water, surface water and groundwater and measured periodically over three months ranged from 87.2 % to 108.7 % and relative standard deviation of replicates of all analytes ranged from 1.1 % to 9.0 %.
- •A PRP-X100 column and nitrate/phosphate mobile phase was used to separate As(III), As(V), DMA, and MMA in 0.45 µm filtered surface water and groundwater matrices.
- •Oxygen was used in the collision cell of the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer with MS/MS mode to shift the measured As mass from 75 to 91.
- • The analytical performance of the method and figures of merit including detection limits, precision, accuracy, and interferences when applied to surface water and groundwater matrices were investigated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2020.101183","usgsCitation":"Stetson, S., Lawrence, C.M., Whitcomb, S.M., and Kanagy, C.J., 2021, Determination of four arsenic species in environmental water samples by liquid chromatography- inductively coupled plasma - tandem mass spectrometry: MethodsX, v. 8, 101183, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2020.101183.","productDescription":"101183, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113219","costCenters":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2020.101183","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stetson, Sarah 0000-0002-4930-4748 sstetson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-4748","contributorId":216528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetson","given":"Sarah","email":"sstetson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, Caitlyn Margaret 0000-0002-3073-1715","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-1715","contributorId":245873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Caitlyn","email":"","middleInitial":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitcomb, Susan Melissa 0000-0001-6941-9465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-9465","contributorId":245874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitcomb","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"Melissa","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kanagy, Christopher J. 0000-0001-7674-0521 ckanagy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7674-0521","contributorId":245875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanagy","given":"Christopher","email":"ckanagy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70219122,"text":"70219122 - 2021 - Direct observation of the depth of active groundwater circulation in an alpine watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T11:55:26.683201","indexId":"70219122","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-14T06:42:09","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct observation of the depth of active groundwater circulation in an alpine watershed","docAbstract":"The depth of active groundwater circulation is a fundamental control on stream flows and chemistry in mountain watersheds, yet it remains challenging to characterize and is rarely well constrained. We collected hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic head, temperature, chemical, noble gas, and 3H/3He groundwater age data from discrete levels in two boreholes 46 and 81 m deep in an alpine watershed, in combination with chemical and age data from shallow groundwater discharge, to discern groundwater flow rates at different depths and directly observe active and inactive groundwater. Vertical head gradients are steep (average of 0.4) and thermal profiles are consistent with typical linear conductive continental geotherms. Groundwater deeper than ∼20 m is distinct from shallow groundwater and creek water in its chemistry, noble gas signature, and age (dominantly >65 years compared to <9 years). Together these results suggest low vertical groundwater flow velocities and a relatively shallow active circulation depth of ∼20 m. This hypothesis is tested with a simple 2‐D numerical fluid flow and heat transport model representing a hillslope transect through the two boreholes. The modeling indicates that the subhorizontally bedded sedimentary rocks underlying the basin are highly anisotropic with low vertical hydraulic conductivity, and at most ∼10% of bedrock recharge (equivalent to <2% of stream baseflow) flows below a depth of 20 m. The study demonstrates the considerable value of discrete‐depth hydrogeologic, chemical, and age data for determining active circulation depth, and illustrates an approach for maximizing the utility of individual boreholes drilled for mountain bedrock aquifer characterization.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020WR028548","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., Ball, L.B., Wanty, R., and Williams, K.H., 2021, Direct observation of the depth of active groundwater circulation in an alpine watershed: Water Resources Research, v. 57, no. 2, e2020WR028548, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028548.","productDescription":"e2020WR028548, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121573","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr028548","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Redwell Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.13043212890625,\n 38.792626957868904\n ],\n [\n -106.80084228515625,\n 38.792626957868904\n ],\n [\n -106.80084228515625,\n 38.99997583555929\n ],\n [\n -107.13043212890625,\n 38.99997583555929\n ],\n [\n -107.13043212890625,\n 38.792626957868904\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":209899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":812859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Kenneth H. 0000-0002-3568-1155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3568-1155","contributorId":176791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70263957,"text":"70263957 - 2021 - Pervasive low-velocity layer atop the 410-km discontinuity beneath the northwest Pacific subduction zone: Implications for rheology and geodynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T15:36:19.470968","indexId":"70263957","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-11T09:30:08","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pervasive low-velocity layer atop the 410-km discontinuity beneath the northwest Pacific subduction zone: Implications for rheology and geodynamics","docAbstract":"Regional triplication waveforms of five intermediate-depth events are modeled to simultaneously obtain the compressional (P) and shear (SH) wave velocity structure beneath northwestern Pacific subduction zone. Both the P- and SH-wave velocity models for three different sub-regions show a low-velocity layer (LVL) with a thickness of ∼55-80 km lying above the 410-km discontinuity with a ∼900 km lateral extent from the Japan Sea to the northeastern Asian continental margin. With the dihedral angle approaching to zero around 400 km, a minute amount of melt atop the 410-km discontinuity caused by the hydrous slab might completely wet olivine grain boundaries and result in a low seismic velocity layer in this specific subduction zone. This mechanism suggests that the 410-LVL is a low viscosity zone that would partially decouple the upper mantle from the transition zone. We infer that the widespread 410-LVL provides evidence for a water-bearing mantle transition zone beneath the western Pacific subduction zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116642","usgsCitation":"Han, G., Li, J., Guo, G., Mooney, W.D., Karato, S., and Yuen, D., 2021, Pervasive low-velocity layer atop the 410-km discontinuity beneath the northwest Pacific subduction zone: Implications for rheology and geodynamics: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 554, 116642, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116642.","productDescription":"116642, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122067","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116642","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"554","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, Guangjie","contributorId":351730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Han","given":"Guangjie","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Juan","contributorId":351731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Juan","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guo, Guangrui","contributorId":351732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Guangrui","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karato, Shun-Ichiro","contributorId":351733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karato","given":"Shun-Ichiro","affiliations":[{"id":37550,"text":"Yale University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yuen, David A.","contributorId":351734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yuen","given":"David A.","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70217056,"text":"70217056 - 2021 - Permafrost promotes shallow groundwater flow and warmer headwater streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T21:14:01.609787","indexId":"70217056","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-11T07:09:54","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permafrost promotes shallow groundwater flow and warmer headwater streams","docAbstract":"The presence of permafrost influences the flow paths of water through Arctic landscapes and thereby has the potential to impact stream discharge and thermal regimes. Observations from eleven headwater streams in Alaska showed that July water temperatures were higher in catchments with more near‐surface permafrost. We apply a fully coupled cryohydrology model to investigate if the impact of permafrost on flow path depth could cause the same pattern in temperatures of groundwater discharging from hillslopes to streams. The model simulates surface energy and water balances, snow, and subsurface water and energy balances for two‐dimensional hillslope model cases with varying permafrost extent. We find that hillslopes with continuous permafrost have more shallow flow paths and twice as high rates of evapotranspiration, compared to hillslopes with no permafrost. For our simulated cases, 6.7 % of the horizontal water flux moves through the top organic soil layers when there is continuous permafrost, while only 0.5 % moves through organic layers without permafrost. The deeper flow paths in permafrost‐free simulations buffer seasonal temperature extremes, so that summer groundwater discharge temperatures are highest with continuous permafrost. Our results suggest that permafrost thawing alters groundwater flow paths and can lead to decreases in summer stream temperatures and reductions in evapotranspiration in headwater catchments. These changes are of potential importance for stream biotic components of ecosystems, however, the full impact remains unknown.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020WR027463","usgsCitation":"Sjoberg, Y., Janke, A.K., Painter, S., Coonradt, E., Carey, M.P., O’Donnell, J.A., and Koch, J.C., 2021, Permafrost promotes shallow groundwater flow and warmer headwater streams: Water Resources Research, v. 57, no. 2, e2020WR027463, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027463.","productDescription":"e2020WR027463, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117601","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491329,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91HI62H","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Stream Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Conductivity, and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) in River Basins of Northwest Alaska, 2017-2024"},{"id":454110,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr027463","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9C3JYUH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Physical, Hydraulic, and Thermal Properties of Soils in the Noatak River Basin, Alaska, 2016"},{"id":381798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Noatak National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.685302734375,\n 66.93866882358137\n ],\n [\n -154.8193359375,\n 66.93866882358137\n ],\n [\n -154.8193359375,\n 68.62854757995426\n ],\n [\n -163.685302734375,\n 68.62854757995426\n ],\n [\n -163.685302734375,\n 66.93866882358137\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sjoberg, Ylva 0000-0002-4292-5808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-5808","contributorId":194635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sjoberg","given":"Ylva","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janke, Adam K. 0000-0003-2781-7857","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-7857","contributorId":130959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janke","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7176,"text":"Dept of Natl Res Mgmt, SDSU, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, S 0000-0002-0901-6987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0901-6987","contributorId":245978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Painter","given":"S","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coonradt, E. 0000-0001-8124-9622","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8124-9622","contributorId":140134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coonradt","given":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13388,"text":"ADF&G - Commercial Fisheries, 304 Lake Street, Sitka, Alaska 99835","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carey, Michael P. 0000-0002-3327-8995 mcarey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3327-8995","contributorId":5397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"Michael","email":"mcarey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A. 0000-0001-7031-9808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7031-9808","contributorId":191423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70217587,"text":"70217587 - 2021 - Machine learning predictions of pH in the Glacial Aquifer System, Northern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-13T15:55:05.573687","indexId":"70217587","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-11T06:59:50","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Machine learning predictions of pH in the Glacial Aquifer System, Northern USA","docAbstract":"A boosted regression tree model was developed to predict pH conditions in three dimensions throughout the glacial aquifer system of the contiguous United States using pH measurements in samples from 18,386 wells and predictor variables that represent aspects of the hydrogeologic setting. Model results indicate that the carbonate content of soils and aquifer materials strongly controls pH and, when coupled with long flowpaths, results in the most alkaline conditions. Conversely, in areas where glacial sediments are thin and carbonate‐poor, pH conditions remain acidic. At depths typical of drinking‐water supplies, predicted pH >7.5—which is associated with arsenic mobilization—occurs more frequently than predicted pH <6—which is associated with water corrosivity and the mobilization of other trace elements. A novel aspect of this model was the inclusion of numerically based estimates of groundwater flow characteristics (age and flowpath length) as predictor variables. The sensitivity of pH predictions to these variables was consistent with hydrologic understanding of groundwater flow systems and the geochemical evolution of groundwater quality. The model was not developed to provide precise estimates of pH at any given location. Rather, it can be used to more generally identify areas where contaminants may be mobilized into groundwater and where corrosivity issues may be of concern to prioritize areas for future groundwater monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13063","usgsCitation":"Stackelberg, P.E., Belitz, K., Brown, C., Erickson, M., Elliott, S.M., Kauffman, L.J., Ransom, K.M., and Reddy, J., 2021, Machine learning predictions of pH in the Glacial Aquifer System, Northern USA: Groundwater, v. 37, no. 4, p. 531-543, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13063.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"531","endPage":"543","ipdsId":"IP-122702","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454116,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13063","text":"External Repository"},{"id":436626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RF0R6E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for machine learning predictions of pH in the glacial aquifer system, northern USA"},{"id":382483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":204864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":201889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Craig J. 0000-0002-3858-3964","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-3964","contributorId":210450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Craig J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erickson, Melinda L. 0000-0002-1117-2866 merickso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-2866","contributorId":3671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Melinda L.","email":"merickso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elliott, Sarah M. 0000-0002-1414-3024 selliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-3024","contributorId":1472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Sarah","email":"selliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":206428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ransom, Katherine Marie 0000-0001-6195-7699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-7699","contributorId":239552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reddy, James E. 0000-0002-6998-7267","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-7267","contributorId":206426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"James E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70216892,"text":"70216892 - 2021 - The impact of ventilation patterns on calcite dissolution rates within karst conduits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-30T14:53:23.957547","indexId":"70216892","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-10T08:47:42","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of ventilation patterns on calcite dissolution rates within karst conduits","docAbstract":"Erosion rates in streams vary dramatically over time, as differences in streamflow and sediment load enhance or inhibit erosion processes. Within cave streams, and other bedrock channels incising soluble rocks, changes in water chemistry are an important factor in determining how erosion rates will vary in both time and space. Prior studies in surface streams, springs, and caves suggest that variation in dissolved CO2 is the strongest control on variation in calcite dissolution rates. However, the controls on CO2 variation remain poorly quantified. Limited data suggest that ventilation of karst systems can substantially influence dissolved CO2 within karst conduits. However, the interactions among cave ventilation, air-water CO2 exchange, and dissolution dynamics have not been studied in detail. In this study, three years of time series measurements of dissolved and gaseous CO2, cave airflow velocity, and specific conductance from Blowing Springs Cave, Arkansas, were analyzed and used to estimate continuous calcite dissolution rates and quantify the correlations between those rates and potential physical and chemical drivers. We find that chimney effect airflow creates temperature-driven switches in airflow direction, and that the resulting seasonal changes in airflow regulate both gaseous and dissolved CO2 within the cave. As in previous studies, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) is the strongest chemical control of dissolution rate variability. However, we also show that cave airflow direction, rather than streamflow, is the strongest physical driver of changes in dissolution rate, contrary to the typical situation in surface channel erosion where floods largely determine the timing and extent of geomorphic work. At the study site, chemical erosion is typically active in the summer, during periods of cave downdraft (airflow from upper to lower entrances), and inactive in the winter, during updraft (airflow from lower to upper entrances). Storms provide only minor perturbations to this overall pattern. We also find that airflow direction modulates dissolution rate variation during storms, with higher storm variability during updraft than during downdraft. Finally, we compare our results with the limited set of other studies that have examined dissolution rate variation within cave streams and draw an initial hypothesis that evolution of cave ventilation patterns strongly impacts how dissolution rate dynamics evolve over the lifetime of karst conduits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125824","usgsCitation":"Covington, M.D., Knierim, K.J., Young, H.H., Rodriguez, J., and Gnoza, H., 2021, The impact of ventilation patterns on calcite dissolution rates within karst conduits: Journal of Hydrology, v. 593, 125824, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125824.","productDescription":"125824, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118284","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri","city":"Bella Vista","otherGeospatial":"Blowing Springs Cave","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.47624206542969,\n 36.380937621825886\n ],\n [\n -94.13360595703125,\n 36.380937621825886\n ],\n [\n -94.13360595703125,\n 36.61111838494165\n ],\n [\n -94.47624206542969,\n 36.61111838494165\n ],\n [\n -94.47624206542969,\n 36.380937621825886\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"593","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Covington, Matthew D.","contributorId":192015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Covington","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knierim, Katherine J. 0000-0002-5361-4132 kknierim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-4132","contributorId":191788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knierim","given":"Katherine","email":"kknierim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Holly H","contributorId":222433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodriguez, Josue","contributorId":245654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Josue","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gnoza, Hannah","contributorId":245655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gnoza","given":"Hannah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70216939,"text":"70216939 - 2021 - Effect of temperature, nitrate concentration, pH and bicarbonate addition on biomass and lipid accumulation in the sporulating green alga PW95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T14:16:12.365392","indexId":"70216939","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-10T08:13:07","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5275,"text":"Algal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of temperature, nitrate concentration, pH and bicarbonate addition on biomass and lipid accumulation in the sporulating green alga PW95","docAbstract":"The mixed effects of temperature (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C), nitrate concentration (0.5 mM and 2.0 mM), pH buffer, and bicarbonate addition (trigger) on biomass growth and lipid accumulation were investigated in the environmental alga PW95 during batch experiments in standardized growth medium. PW95 was isolated from coal-bed methane production water and classified as a Chlamydomonas-like species by morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis (18S, ITS, rbcL). A factorial experimental design tested the mixed effects on PW95 before and after nitrate depletion to determine a low cost, high efficiency combination of treatments for biomass growth and lipid accumulation. Results showed buffer addition affected growth for most of the treatments and bicarbonate trigger had no statistically significant effect on growth and lipid accumulation. PW95 displayed the highest growth rate and chlorophyll content at 30 °C and 2.0 mM nitrate and there was an inverse relation between biomass accumulation and lipid accumulation at the extremes of nitrate concentration and temperature. The combination of higher temperature (30 °C) and lower nitrate level (0.5 mM) without the use of a buffer or bicarbonate addition resulted in maximal daily biomass accumulation (5.30 × 106 cells/mL), high biofuel potential before and after nitrate depletion (27% and 20%), higher biofuel productivity (16 and 15 mg/L/d, respectively), and desirable fatty acid profiles (saturated and unsaturated C16 and C18 chains). Our results indicate an important interaction between low nitrate levels, temperature, and elevated pH for trade-offs between biomass and lipid production in PW95. This work serves as a model to approach and advance the study of physiological responses of novel microalgae to diverse culture conditions that mimic environmental changes for outdoor biofuel production. The most promising conditions for growth and biofuel production were identified for PW95 and this approach can be implemented for other microalgal production systems.
Coastal subsidence contributes to relative sea-level rise and exacerbates flooding hazards, with the at-risk population expected to triple by 2070. Natural processes of vertical land motion, such as tectonics, glacial isostatic adjustment and sediment compaction, as well as anthropogenic processes, such as fluid extraction, lead to globally variable subsidence rates. In this Review, we discuss the key physical processes driving vertical land motion in coastal areas. Use of space-borne and land-based techniques and the associated uncertainties for monitoring subsidence are examined, as are physics-based models used to explain contemporary subsidence rates and to obtain future projections. Steady and comparatively low rates of subsidence and uplift owing to tectonic processes and glacial isostatic adjustment can be assumed for the twenty-first century. By contrast, much higher and variable subsidence rates occur owing to compaction associated with sediment loading and fluid extraction, as well as large earthquakes. These rates can be up to two orders of magnitude higher than the present-day rate of global sea-level rise. Multi-objective predictive models are required to account for the underlying physical processes and socio-economic factors that drive subsidence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s43017-020-00115-x","usgsCitation":"Shirzaei, M., Freymueller, J.T., Törnqvist, T., Galloway, D., Dura, T., and Minderhoud, P.S., 2021, Measuring, modelling and projecting coastal land subsidence: Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, v. 2, p. 40-58, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-00115-x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"58","ipdsId":"IP-122868","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-00115-x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":381216,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shirzaei, Manoochehr 0000-0003-0086-3722","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0086-3722","contributorId":245637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirzaei","given":"Manoochehr","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49242,"text":"Dept. of Geosciences, Virginia Tech Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffery T. 0000-0003-0614-0306","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-0306","contributorId":244609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Törnqvist, Torbjörn E 0000-0002-1563-1716","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-1716","contributorId":245638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Törnqvist","given":"Torbjörn E","affiliations":[{"id":49243,"text":"Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galloway, Devin 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":215888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dura, Tina","contributorId":195530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dura","given":"Tina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Minderhoud, Philip S. J. 0000-0002-0940-5931","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-5931","contributorId":245639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minderhoud","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"S. J.","affiliations":[{"id":49244,"text":"Department of Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares Research Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70217147,"text":"70217147 - 2021 - Effective hydrological events in an evolving mid‐latitude mountain river system following cataclysmic disturbance—A saga of multiple influences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-18T12:41:01.836757","indexId":"70217147","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-09T07:25:03","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effective hydrological events in an evolving mid‐latitude mountain river system following cataclysmic disturbance—A saga of multiple influences","docAbstract":"Cataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens (USA) in 1980 reset 30 km of upper North Fork Toutle River (NFTR) valley to a zero‐state fluvial condition. Consequently, a new channel system evolved. Initially, a range of streamflows eroded channels (tens of meters incision, hundreds of meters widening) and transported immense sediment loads. Now, single, large‐magnitude or multiple moderate‐magnitude events are needed to accomplish substantial channel modification. Three large floods (two ≥100‐year events; one ∼10–25‐year event along lower Toutle River) from 1996 to 2015 indicate flood effectiveness in this environment is affected by both geomorphic and environmental factors. The largest and smallest of these floods (February 1996, November 2006) transported the most sediment by single floods since 1982; erosion and sediment transport by an ∼100‐year flood in December 2015 was not exceptional. Strong coupling between NFTR and its tall corridor banks, local geologic and hydraulic conditions promoting threshold erosion, event sequencing, and possibly a longitudinal gradient in stream power are important factors affecting event effectiveness on channel modification. In addition, environmental factors have also been influential, as variations in snowpack, storm trajectories and rainfall distributions, and episodic mobilization of debris flows have also influenced geomorphic response. Other factors such as vegetation anchoring, strong channel–hillside coupling, disparities between flood frequencies and perturbation relaxation times, and large variations in flood duration do not appear to be critical influences. Climate forecasts for warmer temperatures and a shift from snowfall to rainfall at high elevations may promote further acute geomorphic responses.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019WR026851","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., Spicer, K.R., and Mosbrucker, A.R., 2021, Effective hydrological events in an evolving mid‐latitude mountain river system following cataclysmic disturbance—A saga of multiple influences: Water Resources Research, v. 57, no. 2, e2019WR026851, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026851.","productDescription":"e2019WR026851","ipdsId":"IP-123125","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosbrucker, Adam R. 0000-0003-0298-0324 amosbrucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-0324","contributorId":4968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosbrucker","given":"Adam","email":"amosbrucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70218694,"text":"70218694 - 2021 - Evaluating management options to reduce Lake Erie algal blooms using an ensemble of watershed models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T13:14:47.975659","indexId":"70218694","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-09T07:10:44","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating management options to reduce Lake Erie algal blooms using an ensemble of watershed models","docAbstract":"Reducing harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie, situated between the United States and Canada, requires implementing best management practices to decrease nutrient loading from upstream sources. Bi-national water quality targets have been set for total and dissolved phosphorus loads, with the ultimate goal of reaching these targets in 9-out-of-10 years. Row crop agriculture dominates the land use in the Western Lake Erie Basin thus requiring efforts to mitigate nutrient loads from agricultural systems. To determine the types and extent of agricultural management practices needed to reach the water quality goals, we used five independently developed Soil and Water Assessment Tool models to evaluate the effects of 18 management scenarios over a 10-year period on nutrient export. Guidance from a stakeholder group was provided throughout the project, and resulted in improved data, development of realistic scenarios, and expanded outreach. Subsurface placement of phosphorus fertilizers, cover crops, riparian buffers, and wetlands were among the most effective management options. But, only in one realistic scenario did a majority (3/5) of the models predict that the total phosphorus loading target would be met in 9-out-of-10 years. Further, the dissolved phosphorus loading target was predicted to meet the 9-out-of-10-year goal by only one model and only in three scenarios. In all scenarios evaluated, the 9-out-of-10-year goal was not met based on the average of model predictions. Ensemble modeling revealed general agreement about the effects of several practices although some scenarios resulted in a wide range of uncertainty. Overall, our results demonstrate that there are multiple pathways to approach the established water quality goals, but greater adoption rates of practices than those tested here will likely be needed to attain the management targets.
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