Excavations through surficial deposits across the New Jersey Coastal Plain commonly reveal homogenized surficial sediments, deformed sedimentary structures, chaotically rearranged bed-forms, and wedge-shaped cracks filled with sand from the top-most layers of extant soil profiles. As a whole, these abundant, broadly distributed phenomena are best explained as artifacts of an era of frozen ground during the last Pleistocene glacial maximum. Vigorous freeze-thaw processes and abundant seasonal rainfall created a landscape of low relief covered by highly mobile surficial deposits. The surficial deposits are at grade into broad, flat bottomed valleys now drained by small, tightly meandering, under-fit streams. Modern fluvial, aeolian, and slope processes are ineffectual in either creating or modifying these landscapes.
One particularly brief exposure of complex slope deposits was documented at Haines Corner, Camden County, during the field work (1986) for the Surficial Geologic Map of southern and central New Jersey. The exposure, now presented and interpreted here, provides previously unavailable details of a system of freeze-thaw driven processes that unfolded upon a frozen, impermeable substrate 80 miles south of the southern margin of the Wisconsinan glacial advance to Long Island, N.Y. At the time of these extreme processes, the presently sub-aerial New Jersey Coastal Plain was not proximal to moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean, being about 100 miles inland and 300 feet above the lowered sea level. Current studies of analogous deposits across the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain now benefit from dating techniques that were not available during the geologic mapping field work (1985-'92). During the mapping in New Jersey, hundreds of exposures failed to produce datable carbon remains within the stratigraphy of the surficial deposits. Recently reported TL dates from wind-blown sand filling frost wedges, exposed elsewhere in New Jersey, indicate that the widely distributed surficial deposits of the New Jersey Coastal Plain were active during the maximum cold period of the late Pleistocene (around 18,000 years ago).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051296","usgsCitation":"Newell, W., 2005, Evidence of cold climate slope processes from the New Jersey Coastal Plain: Debris flow stratigraphy at Haines Corner, Camden County, New Jersey (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1296, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051296.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402705,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73634.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7435,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1296/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Camden County","otherGeospatial":"Haines Corner","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.9547,\n 39.8625\n ],\n [\n -74.9333,\n 39.8625\n ],\n [\n -74.9333,\n 39.8742\n ],\n [\n -74.9547,\n 39.8742\n ],\n [\n -74.9547,\n 39.8625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f99cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, Wayne L.","contributorId":48538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184399,"text":"70184399 - 2005 - Charting color from the eye of the beholder","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T12:46:34","indexId":"70184399","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":743,"text":"American Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Charting color from the eye of the beholder","docAbstract":"Everyone knows the particular shade of yellow that adorns all school buses across the United States. But how do we define exactly what shade this is, and reproduce the same color from coast to coast? Much of the standardization of colors stems from the century-old work of Alfred Munsell, who created one of the first colorimetry systems defined by how people see color: lightness, hue, and chroma (how much the apparent hue differs from neutral grey). Munsell's color charts have been customized for different fields, and are still in use in areas as diverse as beer brewing and soil science.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society","doi":"10.1511/2005.5.436","usgsCitation":"Landa, E., and Fairchild, M., 2005, Charting color from the eye of the beholder: American Scientist, v. 93, no. 5, p. 436-436, https://doi.org/10.1511/2005.5.436.","productDescription":"1 p. ","startPage":"436","endPage":"436","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263ee4b014cc3a3d34b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, Edward","contributorId":100368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fairchild, Mark","contributorId":187685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fairchild","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71108,"text":"sir20055109 - 2005 - Bathymetry and vegetation in isolated marsh and cypress wetlands in the northern Tampa Bay Area, 2000-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:00","indexId":"sir20055109","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5109","title":"Bathymetry and vegetation in isolated marsh and cypress wetlands in the northern Tampa Bay Area, 2000-2004","docAbstract":"Wetland bathymetry and vegetation mapping are two commonly used lines of evidence for assessing the hydrologic and ecologic status of expansive coastal and riverine wetlands. For small isolated freshwater wetlands, however, bathymetric data coupled with vegetation assessments are generally scarce, despite the prevalence of isolated wetlands in many regions of the United States and the recognized importance of topography as a control on inundation patterns and vegetation distribution.\r\n\r\nIn the northern Tampa Bay area of west-central Florida, bathymetry was mapped and vegetation was assessed in five marsh and five cypress wetlands. These 10 isolated wetlands were grouped into three categories based on the effects of ground-water withdrawals from regional municipal well fields: natural (no effect), impaired (drier than natural), and augmented (wetlands with artificially augmented water levels). Delineation of the wetland perimeter was a critical component for estimating wetland-surface area and stored water volume. The wetland perimeter was delineated by the presence of Serenoa repens (the 'palmetto fringe') at 9 of the 10 sites. At the 10th site, where the palmetto fringe was absent, hydric-soils indicators were used to delineate the perimeter. Bathymetric data were collected using one or more techniques, depending on the physical characteristics of each wetland. Wetland stage was measured hourly using continuous stage recorders. Wetland vegetation was assessed semiannually for 2 1/2 years in fixed plots located at three distinct elevations. Vegetation assessments were used to determine the community composition and the relative abundance of obligate, facultative wet, and facultative species at each elevation.\r\n\r\nBathymetry maps were generated, and stage-area and stage-volume relations were developed for all 10 wetlands. Bathymetric data sets containing a high density of data points collected at frequent and regular spatial intervals provided the most useful stage-area and stage-volume relations. Bathymetric maps of several wetlands also were generated using a low density of data points collected along transect lines or contour lines. In a comparative analysis of the three mapping approaches, stage-area and stage-volume relations based on transect data alone underestimated (by 50-100 percent over certain ranges of stage) the wetland area and volume compared to results using a high density of data points. Adding data points collected along one elevation contour below the wetland perimeter to the transect data set greatly improved the agreement of the resulting stage-area and stage-volume relations to the high-density mapping approach. \r\n\r\nStage-area relations and routinely monitored stage data were used to compare and contrast the average flooded area in a natural marsh and an impaired marsh over a 2-year period. Vegetation assessments used together with flooded-area information provided the potential for extrapolating vegetation results from points or transects to wetlands as a whole. A comparison of the frequency of flooding of different areas of the wetland and the species composition in vegetation plots at different elevations indicated the dependence of vegetation on inundation frequency. Because of the broad tolerances of many wetlands plants to a range of inundation conditions, however, vegetation assessments alone provided less definitive evidence of the hydrologic differences between the two sites, and hydrologic changes occurring during the 2 years, than the flooded-area frequencies.\r\n\r\nCombining flooded-area frequencies with vegetation assessments could provide a more versatile and insightful approach for determining the ecological status of wetlands than using vegetation and stage data alone. Flooded-area frequencies may further provide a useful approach for assessing the ecological status of wetlands where historical vegetation surveys and stage data are lacking. Comparing the contemporary flooded-area frequencies a","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055109","usgsCitation":"Haag, K.H., Lee, T.M., and Herndon, D.C., 2005, Bathymetry and vegetation in isolated marsh and cypress wetlands in the northern Tampa Bay Area, 2000-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5109, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055109.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5109.jpg"},{"id":6812,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haag, Kim H. khhaag@usgs.gov","contributorId":381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haag","given":"Kim","email":"khhaag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Terrie M. tmlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Terrie","email":"tmlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herndon, Donald C.","contributorId":91582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herndon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70238385,"text":"70238385 - 2005 - Antipodal hotspots and bipolar catastrophes: Were oceanic large-body impacts the cause?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-19T00:06:35.513541","indexId":"70238385","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-30T17:57:24","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antipodal hotspots and bipolar catastrophes: Were oceanic large-body impacts the cause?","docAbstract":"One aspect of the hotspot distribution that has received little attention is its antipodal character. Of 45 ‘primary’ hotspots found in most hotspot compilations 22 (49%) form antipodal pairs within observed hotspot drift limits (≤ 20 mm/yr). In addition, the available ages, or possible age ranges, for both hotspots of an antipodal pair tend to be similar (≤ 10 Myr difference) or overlap. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the antipodal primary hotspots' locations and ages are not due to chance at the > 99% confidence level (p < 0.01). All hotspot pairs include at least one oceanic hotspot, and these are consistently opposite those hotspots related to large igneous provinces (LIPs) and continental volcanism. A mechanism of formation is considered in which minor hotspot volcanism is induced at, and flood basalt volcanism is triggered by seismic energy focused antipodal to, oceanic large-body impact sites. Because continental impacts are expected to have lower seismic efficiencies, continents possibly acted as shields to the formation of antipodal hotspot pairs. Published numerical models indicate that large oceanic impacts (10-km-diameter bolide) generate megatsunami capable of altering coastal depositional environments on a global scale. Past impact-generated megatsunami, consequently, could have left widespread stratigraphic records, possibly misinterpreted as indicating large rapid changes in eustatic sea level, and widely disrupted continental and marine sediment reservoirs responsible for abrupt changes in the isotopic composition of seawater. Phanerozoic mass extinction events, therefore, might have resulted primarily from catastrophic megatsunami in a dominantly oceanic hemisphere and the near contemporaneous effusion of vast quantities of noxious gases from flood basalt eruptions in a dominantly continental one.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.020","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J.T., 2005, Antipodal hotspots and bipolar catastrophes: Were oceanic large-body impacts the cause?: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 236, no. 1-2, p. 13-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.020.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"236","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, Jonathan T. 0000-0002-0689-280X jhag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-280X","contributorId":3474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70911,"text":"ofr20051236 - 2005 - Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70911,"text":"ofr20051236 - 2005 - Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000","indexId":"ofr20051236","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":72768,"text":"cir1196U - 2005 - Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000","indexId":"cir1196U","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"U","title":"Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":72768,"text":"cir1196U - 2005 - Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000","indexId":"cir1196U","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:03","indexId":"ofr20051236","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1236","title":"Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000","docAbstract":"Reclamation and recycling of mercury from used mercury- containing products and treatment of byproduct mercury from gold mining is vital to the continued, though declining, use of this metal. Mercury is reclaimed from mercury-containing waste by treatment in multistep high-temperature retorts-the mercury is volatized and then condensed for purification and sale. Some mercury-containing waste, however, may be landfilled, and landfilled material represents loss of a recyclable resource and a threat to the environment. Related issues include mercury disposal and waste management, toxicity and human health, and regulation of mercury releases in the environment.\r\n\r\nEnd-users of mercury-containing products may face fines and prosecution if these products are improperly recycled or not recycled. Local and State environmental regulations require adherence to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act to regulate generation, treatment, and disposal of mercury-containing products. In the United States, several large companies and a number of smaller companies collect these products from a variety of sources and then reclaim and recycle the mercury.\r\n\r\nBecause mercury has not been mined as a principal product in the United States since 1992, mercury reclamation from fabricated products has become the main source of mercury. Principal product mercury and byproduct mercury from mining operations are considered to be primary materials. Mercury may also be obtained as a byproduct from domestic or foreign gold-processing operations. \r\n\r\nIn the early 1990s, U.S. manufacturers used an annual average that ranged from 500 to 600 metric tons of recycled and imported mercury for fabrication of automobile convenience switches, dental amalgam, fluorescent lamps, medical uses and thermometers, and thermostats. The amount now used for fabrication is estimated to be 200 metric tons per year or less. Much of the data on mercury is estimated because it is a low-volume commodity and its production, use, and disposal is difficult to track. The prices and volumes of each category of mercury-containing material may change dramatically from year to year. For example, the average price of mercury was approximately $150 per flask from 2000 until 2003 and then rose sharply to $650 per flask in fall 2004 and approximately $850 per flask in spring 2005. Since 1927, the common unit for measuring and pricing mercury has been the flask in order to conform to the system used at Almaden, Spain (Meyers, 1951). One flask weighs 34.5 kilograms, and 29 flasks of mercury are contained in a metric ton.\r\n\r\nIn the United States, the chlorine-caustic soda industry, which is the leading end-user of elemental mercury, recycles most of its mercury in-plant as home scrap. Annual purchases of replacement mercury by the chlorine-caustic soda industry indicate that some mercury may be lost through evaporation to the environment, put into a landfill as industrial waste, or trapped within pipes in the plant. Impending closure of domestic and foreign mercury-cell chlorine-caustic soda plants and the shift to nonmercury technology for chlorine-caustic soda production could ultimately result in a significant volume of elemental mercury for recycling, sale, or storage. Globally, mercury is widely used in artisanal, or small-scale, gold mining. Most of that mercury is lost to the environment and is not recycled. The recycling rate for mercury was not available owing to insufficient data in 2000, and the efficiency of mercury recycling was estimated to be 62 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051236","collaboration":"Superseded by CIR 1196-U","usgsCitation":"Brooks, W.E., and Matos, G.R., 2005, Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1236, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051236.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624d88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, William E.","contributorId":104061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matos, Grecia R. 0000-0002-3285-3070 gmatos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-3070","contributorId":2656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matos","given":"Grecia","email":"gmatos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190597,"text":"70190597 - 2005 - Fire as a global ‘herbivore’: the ecology and evolution of flammable ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-08T14:51:35","indexId":"70190597","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire as a global ‘herbivore’: the ecology and evolution of flammable ecosystems","docAbstract":"It is difficult to find references to fire in general textbooks on ecology, conservation biology or biogeography, in spite of the fact that large parts of the world burn on a regular basis, and that there is a considerable literature on the ecology of fire and its use for managing ecosystems. Fire has been burning ecosystems for hundreds of millions of years, helping to shape global biome distribution and to maintain the structure and function of fire-prone communities. Fire is also a significant evolutionary force, and is one of the first tools that humans used to re-shape their world. Here, we review the recent literature, drawing parallels between fire and herbivores as alternative consumers of vegetation. We point to the common questions, and some surprisingly different answers, that emerge from viewing fire as a globally significant consumer that is analogous to herbivory.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cell Press","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2005.04.025","usgsCitation":"Bond, W.J., and Keeley, J.E., 2005, Fire as a global ‘herbivore’: the ecology and evolution of flammable ecosystems: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 20, no. 7, p. 387-394, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.04.025.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"394","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b3ac35e4b08b1644d8f1cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bond, William J.","contributorId":81621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176074,"text":"70176074 - 2005 - Correlated declines in Pacific arctic snow and sea ice cover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:03:33","indexId":"70176074","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":897,"text":"Arctic Research of the United States","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlated declines in Pacific arctic snow and sea ice cover","docAbstract":"Simulations of future climate suggest that global warming will reduce Arctic snow and ice cover, resulting in decreased surface albedo (reflectivity). Lowering of the surface albedo leads to further warming by increasing solar absorption at the surface. This phenomenon is referred to as “temperature–albedo feedback.” Anticipation of such a feedback is one reason why scientists look to the Arctic for early indications of global warming. Much of the Arctic has warmed significantly. Northern Hemisphere snow cover has decreased, and sea ice has diminished in area and thickness. As reported in the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment in 2004, the trends are considered to be outside the range of natural variability, implicating global warming as an underlying cause. Changing climatic conditions in the high northern latitudes have influenced biogeochemical cycles on a broad scale. Warming has already affected the sea ice, the tundra, the plants, the animals, and the indigenous populations that depend on them. Changing annual cycles of snow and sea ice also affect sources and sinks of important greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide and methane), further complicating feedbacks involving the global budgets of these important constituents. For instance, thawing permafrost increases the extent of tundra wetlands and lakes, releasing greater amounts of methane into the atmosphere. Variable sea ice cover may affect the hemispheric carbon budget by altering the ocean–atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide. There is growing concern that amplification of global warming in the Arctic will have far-reaching effects on lower latitude climate through these feedback mechanisms. Despite the diverse and convincing observational evidence that the Arctic environment is changing, it remains unclear whether these changes are anthropogenically forced or result from natural variations of the climate system. A better understanding of what controls the seasonal distributions of snow and ice is fundamental to the problem.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Science Foundation","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","issn":"1045-4764","usgsCitation":"Stone, R., Douglas, D., Belchansky, G.I., and Drobot, S., 2005, Correlated declines in Pacific arctic snow and sea ice cover: Arctic Research of the United States, v. 19, no. 1, p. 18-25.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334799,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.arctic.gov/publications/related/arotus.html"},{"id":327816,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2005/nsf0539/nsf0539_5.pdf","size":"717KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -172.265625,\n 66.79190947341796\n ],\n [\n -172.265625,\n 85.0511287798066\n ],\n [\n 189.84375,\n 85.0511287798066\n ],\n [\n 189.84375,\n 66.79190947341796\n ],\n [\n -172.265625,\n 66.79190947341796\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6aeffe4b0f2f0cebe46e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Robert P.","contributorId":119558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Robert P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belchansky, Gennady I.","contributorId":71471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belchansky","given":"Gennady","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drobot, Sheldon","contributorId":174038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drobot","given":"Sheldon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70239080,"text":"70239080 - 2005 - Comparison of shear-velocity profiles of unconsolidated sediments near the Coyote Borehole (CCOC) measured with fourteen invasive and non-invasive methods editorial","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T18:44:44.407449","indexId":"70239080","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-01T12:33:28","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7559,"text":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of shear-velocity profiles of unconsolidated sediments near the Coyote Borehole (CCOC) measured with fourteen invasive and non-invasive methods editorial","docAbstract":"A set of fourteen invasive and non-invasive geophysical methods are compared for the measurement of the shear-velocity (Vs) profile at or near a borehole at the Coyote Creek outdoor Classroom, Santa Clara Valley, California. The borehole with geophysical logs provided opportunity for a series of blind trials of methods for measurement of the Vs profile in thick, soft sediments. The various methods are important in the task of establishing shear-velocity profiles for purposes of earthquake hazard site classification in California. Results of the trials were presented at a one-day workshop at the US Geological Survey in May 2004; this paper summarizes results, relative depths of penetration and differences between the fourteen methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","doi":"10.2113/JEEG10.2.85","usgsCitation":"Asten, M.W., and Boore, D., 2005, Comparison of shear-velocity profiles of unconsolidated sediments near the Coyote Borehole (CCOC) measured with fourteen invasive and non-invasive methods editorial: Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, v. 10, no. 2, p. 67-234, https://doi.org/10.2113/JEEG10.2.85.","productDescription":"67 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"234","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coyote Creek outdoor Classroom, Santa Clara Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.41701988886662,\n 36.80190577661601\n ],\n [\n -121.36851934615274,\n 36.889234528343735\n ],\n [\n -121.41904074481293,\n 36.9926060510537\n ],\n [\n -121.4897707029372,\n 37.041013161270016\n ],\n [\n -121.52210439807986,\n 37.09583726429044\n ],\n [\n -121.57060494079349,\n 37.16028545749856\n ],\n [\n -121.62314719540024,\n 37.187659317346345\n ],\n [\n -121.68579372973878,\n 37.297055541405825\n ],\n [\n -121.74641940813125,\n 37.235941930589846\n ],\n [\n -121.7221691367743,\n 37.1667272579154\n ],\n [\n -121.7221691367743,\n 37.12162312730118\n ],\n [\n -121.68983544163164,\n 37.03940008778838\n ],\n [\n -121.6918562975782,\n 37.01519987332101\n ],\n [\n -121.64335575486432,\n 36.99422011817825\n ],\n [\n -121.55039638132942,\n 36.97323457379922\n ],\n [\n -121.59081350025758,\n 36.90862736978529\n ],\n [\n -121.53018782186535,\n 36.82293847975552\n ],\n [\n -121.47764556725883,\n 36.80190577661601\n ],\n [\n -121.41701988886662,\n 36.80190577661601\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asten, Michael W.","contributorId":184065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asten","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":859977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, David 0000-0002-8605-9673 boore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":140502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156406,"text":"70156406 - 2005 - An online operational rainfall-monitoring resource for epidemic malaria early warning systems in Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T23:04:13","indexId":"70156406","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2650,"text":"Malaria Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An online operational rainfall-monitoring resource for epidemic malaria early warning systems in Africa","docAbstract":"Periodic epidemics of malaria are a major public health problem for many sub-Saharan African countries. Populations in epidemic prone areas have a poorly developed immunity to malaria and the disease remains life threatening to all age groups. The impact of epidemics could be minimized by prediction and improved prevention through timely vector control and deployment of appropriate drugs. Malaria Early Warning Systems are advocated as a means of improving the opportunity for preparedness and timely response.
Rainfall is one of the major factors triggering epidemics in warm semi-arid and desert-fringe areas. Explosive epidemics often occur in these regions after excessive rains and, where these follow periods of drought and poor food security, can be especially severe. Consequently, rainfall monitoring forms one of the essential elements for the development of integrated Malaria Early Warning Systems for sub-Saharan Africa, as outlined by the World Health Organization.
The Roll Back Malaria Technical Resource Network on Prevention and Control of Epidemics recommended that a simple indicator of changes in epidemic risk in regions of marginal transmission, consisting primarily of rainfall anomaly maps, could provide immediate benefit to early warning efforts. In response to these recommendations, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network produced maps that combine information about dekadal rainfall anomalies, and epidemic malaria risk, available via their Africa Data Dissemination Service. These maps were later made available in a format that is directly compatible with HealthMapper, the mapping and surveillance software developed by the WHO's Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Department. A new monitoring interface has recently been developed at the International Research Institute for Climate Prediction (IRI) that enables the user to gain a more contextual perspective of the current rainfall estimates by comparing them to previous seasons and climatological averages. These resources are available at no cost to the user and are updated on a routine basis.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central","doi":"10.1186/1475-2875-4-6","usgsCitation":"Grover-Kopec, E., Kawano, M., Klaver, R.W., Blumenthal, B., Ceccato, P., and Connor, S.J., 2005, An online operational rainfall-monitoring resource for epidemic malaria early warning systems in Africa: Malaria Journal, v. 4, no. 6, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-4-6.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-4-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa2fe4b0518e3546bc1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grover-Kopec, Emily","contributorId":146813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grover-Kopec","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kawano, Mika","contributorId":146814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kawano","given":"Mika","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blumenthal, Benno","contributorId":146815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blumenthal","given":"Benno","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ceccato, Pietro","contributorId":64126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ceccato","given":"Pietro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Connor, Stephen J.","contributorId":104370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70210257,"text":"70210257 - 2005 - Molecular identification of cypripedioid orchids in international trade","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-26T21:17:59.620552","indexId":"70210257","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-26T16:12:15","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3373,"text":"Selbyana","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular identification of cypripedioid orchids in international trade","docAbstract":"Two cypripedioid orchid genera, Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedium, are listed in Appendix I of CITES and are restricted from international trade. Because of their morphological similarity to other genera, however, they may be disguised as belonging to one of the other cypripedioids listed along with other orchids in Appendix II of CITES. Sequence analysis was performed on the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA of cypripedioid orchids to develop a molecular marker system capable of discriminating among rare species in trade. Molecular analyses concentrated on rare cypripedioid orchids from the genera Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedium, which are known to be poached from the wild and smuggled across international borders disguised as common species. A total of 48 taxa representing two genera {Paphiopedilum, N = 43; Phragmipedium, N = 5) have been sequenced and compared for distinc- tiveness. Phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguish between these two genera and among other cypripedioid genera, with 5-10 fixed nucleotide differences reported between genera. Within a genus, sections of closely related taxa are recoverable in phylogenetic analyses, in most cases, with low sequence divergence within sections. ITS sequences available in GenBank have been aligned with data generated for this project, resulting in a comprehensive sequence library of 151 sequences representing all genera of cypripedioid orchids: 70 Paphiopedilum taxa, 16 Phragmipedium taxa, and 14 Cypripedium taxa, as well as represen- tatives from Selenipedium and the monotypic genus Mexipedium (Phragmipedium) xerophyticum. Addi- tionally, several organelle intron regions have been screened for variation among genera and species. Both the chloroplast řrnS-M and the mitochondrial NAD1 intron regions, which varied between genera in nu- cleotide substitutions and indels, hold promise for increasing ability to distinguish between these orchids. The set of DNA markers examined for this project are diagnostic of these genera, appear to be robust, and are suitable for rapid assay to avoid unnecessary complication in the legitimate trade of orchids listed in CITES Appendix
","language":"English","publisher":"Marie Selby Botanical Gardens Inc","usgsCitation":"Morrison, C., Hovatter, K., Eackles, M.S., Spidle, A., and King, T., 2005, Molecular identification of cypripedioid orchids in international trade: Selbyana, v. 26, no. 1-2, p. 196-216.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"196","endPage":"216","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, Cheryl 0000-0001-9425-691X cmorrison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-691X","contributorId":202644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Cheryl","email":"cmorrison@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hovatter, Katie","contributorId":224949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hovatter","given":"Katie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eackles, Michael S. meackles@usgs.gov","contributorId":4371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eackles","given":"Michael","email":"meackles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spidle, A.P.","contributorId":93429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spidle","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, T.L.","contributorId":93416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70238532,"text":"70238532 - 2005 - Highly magnetic Upper Miocene sandstones of the San Francisco Bay area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-28T18:23:15.622998","indexId":"70238532","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-12T12:07:38","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Highly magnetic Upper Miocene sandstones of the San Francisco Bay area, California","docAbstract":"[1] A high-resolution aeromagnetic survey of the San Francisco Bay area shows prominent positive anomalies over distinctive blue sandstones of Late Miocene age. The total-field survey was measured at a nominal height of 300 m above the land surface along flight lines spaced 0.5 km apart. Anomalies with amplitudes up to 200 nT correlate with sandstones of the San Pablo Group, and these anomalies are similar in strength to the magnetic signatures of serpentinites and basalts in the surveyed region. Andesitic sandstone of the Neroly Formation, the upper part of the San Pablo Group, has high magnetic susceptibility (0.013 SI units, volume) and relatively strong natural remanent magnetization (0.29 A/m). Total magnetization of the sandstone is two thirds induced and one third remanent magnetization. The presence of coarse-grained magnetite detritus, low coercivity of remanence, low thermal stability of remanence, and multidomain properties is consistent with the NRM being a viscous remanent magnetization that grew during the Brunhes normal-polarity chron. The strong magnetic signature of the Upper Miocene sandstones allows their delineation over distances as great as 100 km, through areas where they are concealed by landslides and younger deposits. The sandstones are important structural markers for understanding the complex folding and faulting associated with active fault systems in the San Francisco Bay area.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004GC000876","usgsCitation":"Hillhouse, J.W., and Jachens, R.C., 2005, Highly magnetic Upper Miocene sandstones of the San Francisco Bay area, California: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 6, no. 5, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000876.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gc000876","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":409739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.79673753484974,\n 37.929598733517764\n ],\n [\n -122.48362718328754,\n 37.42527569432123\n ],\n [\n -122.24192796453733,\n 37.32487380227953\n ],\n [\n -121.81895433172484,\n 37.32924189610934\n ],\n [\n -121.63218675359992,\n 37.551677721553986\n ],\n [\n -121.76951585516252,\n 37.703946857721434\n ],\n [\n -121.39598069891237,\n 37.695254169543475\n ],\n [\n -121.26963792547477,\n 37.929598733517764\n ],\n [\n -121.30259690984977,\n 38.189108238334626\n ],\n [\n -121.54429612859997,\n 38.46490285158751\n ],\n [\n -121.80247483953752,\n 38.3443718460864\n ],\n [\n -121.73655687078755,\n 38.16751760690397\n ],\n [\n -122.15953050360002,\n 38.26678152803706\n ],\n [\n -122.52207933172485,\n 38.318517629125694\n ],\n [\n -122.79673753484974,\n 38.16751760690397\n ],\n [\n -122.79673753484974,\n 37.929598733517764\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hillhouse, John W. 0000-0002-1371-4622 jhillhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1371-4622","contributorId":2618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillhouse","given":"John","email":"jhillhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":857754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180924,"text":"70180924 - 2005 - The no-project alternative analysis: An early product of the Tahoe Decision Support System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T11:20:51","indexId":"70180924","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2562,"text":"Journal of the Nevada Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The no-project alternative analysis: An early product of the Tahoe Decision Support System","docAbstract":"We report on the development of a No-project alternative analysis (NPAA) or “business as usual” scenario with respect to a 20-year projection of 21 indicators of environmental and socioeconomic conditions in the Lake Tahoe Basin for the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (TRPA). Our effort was inspired by earlier work that investigated the tradeoffs between an environmental and an economic objective. The NPAA study has implications for a longer term goal of building a Tahoe Decision Support System (TDSS) to assist the TRPA and other Basin agencies in assessing the outcomes of management strategies. The NPAA assumes no major deviations from current management practices or from recent environmental or societal trends and planned Environmental Improvement Program (EIP) projects. Quantitative “scenario generation” tools were constructed to simulate site-specific land uses, various population categories, and associated vehicle miles traveled. Projections of each indicator’s attainment status were made by building visual conceptual models of the relevant natural and social processes, extrapolating trends, and using available models, research, and expert opinion.
We present results of the NPAA, projected indicator status, key factors affecting the indicators, indicator functionality, and knowledge gaps. One important result is that current management practices may slow the loss or degradation of environmental qualities but not halt or reverse it. Our analysis also predicts an increase in recreation and commuting into and within the basin, primarily in private vehicles. Private vehicles, which are a critical mechanism by which the Basin population affects the surrounding environment, are a key determinant of air-quality indicators, a source of particulate matter affecting Secchi depth, a source of noise, and a factor in recreational and scenic quality, largely owing to congestion. Key uncertainties in the NPAA include climate change, EIP project effectiveness, and external population, economic activity, and air pollution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nevada Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Carson City, NV","usgsCitation":"Halsing, D.L., Hessenflow, M.L., and Wein, A., 2005, The no-project alternative analysis: An early product of the Tahoe Decision Support System: Journal of the Nevada Water Resources Association, v. 2, no. 1, p. 15-28.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nvwra.org/journal/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe Basin","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c40e4b0efcedb74107e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halsing, David L.","contributorId":35809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halsing","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hessenflow, Mark L.","contributorId":179129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hessenflow","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003889,"text":"70003889 - 2005 - 87Sr/86Sr sourcing of ponderosa pine used in Anasazi great house construction at Chaco Canyon, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-31T16:33:06.135745","indexId":"70003889","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-05T12:59:01","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"87Sr/86Sr sourcing of ponderosa pine used in Anasazi great house construction at Chaco Canyon, New Mexico","title":"87Sr/86Sr sourcing of ponderosa pine used in Anasazi great house construction at Chaco Canyon, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Previous analysis of 87Sr/86Sr ratios shows that 10th through 12th century Chaco Canyon was provisioned with plant materials that came from more than 75 km away. This includes (1) corn (Zea mays) grown on the eastern flanks of the Chuska Mountains and floodplain of the San Juan River to the west and north, and (2) spruce (Picea sp.) and fir (Abies sp.) beams from the crest of the Chuska and San Mateo Mountains to the west and south. Here, we extend 87Sr/86Sr analysis to ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) prevalent in the architectural timber at three of the Chacoan great houses (Pueblo Bonito, Chetro Ketl, Pueblo del Arroyo). Like the architectural spruce and fir, much of the ponderosa matches the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of living trees in the Chuska Mountains. Many of the architectural ponderosa, however, have similar ratios to living trees in the La Plata and San Juan Mountains to the north and Lobo Mesa/Hosta Butte to the south. There are no systematic patterns in spruce/fir or ponderosa provenance by great house or time, suggesting the use of stockpiles from a few preferred sources. The multiple and distant sources for food and timber, now based on hundreds of isotopic values from modern and archeological samples, confirm conventional wisdom about the geographic scope of the larger Chacoan system. The complexity of this procurement warns against simple generalizations based on just one species, a single class of botanical artifact, or a few isotopic values.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2005.01.016","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, A.C., Betancourt, J.L., Quade, J., Patchett, P.J., Dean, J.S., and Stein, J., 2005, 87Sr/86Sr sourcing of ponderosa pine used in Anasazi great house construction at Chaco Canyon, New Mexico: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 32, no. 7, p. 1061-1075, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2005.01.016.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1061","endPage":"1075","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Chaco Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.01054000854491,\n 36.00786740304298\n ],\n [\n -107.85346984863281,\n 36.00786740304298\n ],\n [\n -107.85346984863281,\n 36.08448256814837\n ],\n [\n -108.01054000854491,\n 36.08448256814837\n ],\n [\n -108.01054000854491,\n 36.00786740304298\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Amanda C.","contributorId":71680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":104197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patchett, P. Jonathan","contributorId":80225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patchett","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dean, Jeffery S.","contributorId":93612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stein, John","contributorId":70527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70357,"text":"sir20045283 - 2005 - Geochemistry and characteristics of nitrogen transport at a confined animal feeding operation in a coastal plain agricultural watershed, and implications for nutrient loading in the Neuse River basin, North Carolina, 1999-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:48","indexId":"sir20045283","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5283","title":"Geochemistry and characteristics of nitrogen transport at a confined animal feeding operation in a coastal plain agricultural watershed, and implications for nutrient loading in the Neuse River basin, North Carolina, 1999-2002","docAbstract":"Chemical, geologic, hydrologic, and age-dating information collected between 1999 and 2002 were used to examine the transport of contaminants, primarily nitrogen, in ground water and the pathways to surface water in a coastal plain setting in North Carolina. Data were collected from more than 35 wells and 4 surface-water sampling sites located in a 0.59 square-mile basin to examine detailed hydrogeology and geochemical processes affecting nutrient fate and transport. Two additional surface-water sampling sites were located downstream from the primary study site to evaluate basin-scale effects. Chemical and flow data also were collected at an additional 10 sites in the Coastal Plain portion of the Neuse River basin located between Kinston and New Bern, North Carolina, to evaluate loads transported in the Neuse River and primary tributary basins.\r\n\r\nAt the Lizzie Research Station study site in North Carolina, horizontal flow is induced by the presence of a confining unit at shallow depth. Age-dating, chemical, and piezometric data indicate that horizontal flow from the surficial aquifer is the dominant source of ground water to streamflow. Nitrogen applied on cultivated fields at the Lizzie Research Station is substantially reduced as it moves from recharge to discharge areas. Denitrification in deeper parts of the aquifer and in riparian zones is indicated by a characterization of redox conditions in the aquifer and by the presence of excess nitrogen gas. Direct ground-water discharge of nitrate to surface water during base-flow conditions is unlikely to be significant because of strongly reducing conditions that occur in the riparian zones of these streams. Nitrate loads from a drainage tile at the study site may account for much of the nitrate load in the receiving stream, indicating that a major source of nutrients from ground water to this stream is artificial drainage. During base-flow conditions when the streams are not flowing, it is hypothesized that the mineralization of organic matter on the streambed is the source of nitrate and(or) ammonium in the stream. Base flow is a small contributor to nitrogen loads, because both flows and inorganic nitrogen concentrations are low during summer months.\r\n\r\nEffects of a confined hog operation on ground-water quality also were evaluated. The use of sprayed swine wastes to fertilize crops at the Lizzie Research Station study site since 1995 resulted in increased concentrations of nitrate and other chemical constituents in ground water beneath spray fields when compared to ground water beneath fields treated with commercial fertilizer. The nitrate concentration in ground water from the spray field well increased by a factor of 3.5 after 4 years of spray applications. Nitrate concentrations ranged from 10 to 35 milligrams per liter, and one concentration as high as 56 milligrams per liter was observed in water from this well in spring 2002. This finding is in agreement with findings of other studies conducted in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina that nitrate concentrations were significantly higher in ground water from cultivated fields sprayed with swine wastes than from fields treated with commercial fertilizer.\r\n\r\nLoads and yields of nitrogen and phosphorus in 14 streams in the Neuse River basin were evaluated for calendar years 2000 and 2001. Data indicate that anthropogenic effects on nitrogen yields were greatest in the first-order stream studied (yields were greater than 2 tons per square mile [ton/mi2] and 1 ton/mi2 or less in second- and higher-order streams) in the Little Contentnea Creek subbasin. Nitrogen yields in streams in the Contentnea Creek subbasin ranged from 0.59 to 2 ton/mi2 with typical yields of approximately 1 ton/mi2. Contentnea Creek near Evansdale had the highest yield (2 ton/mi2), indicating that a major source of nitrogen is upstream from this station. Nitrogen yields were lower at Contentnea Creek at Hookerton in 2000 and 2001 compared to previous yi","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045283","usgsCitation":"Spruill, T., Tesoriero, A., Mew, H., Farrell, K., Harden, S., Colosimo, A., and Kraemer, S., 2005, Geochemistry and characteristics of nitrogen transport at a confined animal feeding operation in a coastal plain agricultural watershed, and implications for nutrient loading in the Neuse River basin, North Carolina, 1999-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5283, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045283.","productDescription":"66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6505,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045283/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab7a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spruill, T.B.","contributorId":76747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spruill","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tesoriero, A. J.","contributorId":99127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mew, H.E. Jr.","contributorId":28669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mew","given":"H.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farrell, K.M.","contributorId":106573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harden, S.L.","contributorId":6101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Colosimo, A.B.","contributorId":24441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colosimo","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kraemer, S.R.","contributorId":58350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70156741,"text":"70156741 - 2005 - Supporting users through integrated retrieval, processing, and distribution systems at the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T10:14:14","indexId":"70156741","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":626,"text":"Acta Astronautica","printIssn":"0094-5765","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supporting users through integrated retrieval, processing, and distribution systems at the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) hosts the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC). The LP DAAC supports NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS), which is a series of polar-orbiting and low inclination satellites for long-term global observations of the land surface, biosphere, solid Earth, atmosphere, and oceans. The EOS Data and Information Systems (EOSDIS) was designed to acquire, archive, manage and distribute Earth observation data to the broadest possible user community.
The LP DAAC is one of four DAACs that utilize the EOSDIS Core System (ECS) to manage and archive their data. Since the ECS was originally designed, significant changes have taken place in technology, user expectations, and user requirements. Therefore the LP DAAC has implemented additional systems to meet the evolving needs of scientific users, tailored to an integrated working environment. These systems provide a wide variety of services to improve data access and to enhance data usability through subsampling, reformatting, and reprojection. These systems also support the wide breadth of products that are handled by the LP DAAC.
The LP DAAC is the primary archive for the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data; it is the only facility in the United States that archives, processes, and distributes data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission/Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on NASA's Terra spacecraft; and it is responsible for the archive and distribution of “land products” generated from data acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.10.009","usgsCitation":"Kalvelage, T.A., and Willems, J., 2005, Supporting users through integrated retrieval, processing, and distribution systems at the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center: Acta Astronautica, v. 56, no. 7, p. 681-687, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.10.009.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"681","endPage":"687","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034c3e4b0f42e3d040e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalvelage, Thomas A. kalvelage@usgs.gov","contributorId":3364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalvelage","given":"Thomas","email":"kalvelage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":570326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willems, Jennifer","contributorId":53578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willems","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184352,"text":"70184352 - 2005 - Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:25:56","indexId":"70184352","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils","docAbstract":"Plant-based techniques were tested for field-scale evaluation of tritium contamination adjacent to a low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) facility in the Amargosa Desert, Nevada. Objectives were to (i) characterize and map the spatial variability of tritium in plant water, (ii) develop empirical relations to predict and map subsurface contamination from plant-water concentrations, and (iii) gain insight into tritium migration pathways and processes. Plant sampling [creosote bush, Larrea tridentata (Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) Coville] required one-fifth the time of soil water vapor sampling. Plant concentrations were spatially correlated to a separation distance of 380 m; measurement uncertainty accounted for <0.1% of the total variability in the data. Regression equations based on plant tritium explained 96 and 90% of the variation in root-zone and sub-root-zone soil water vapor concentrations, respectively. The equations were combined with kriged plant-water concentrations to map subsurface contamination. Mapping showed preferential lateral movement of tritium through a dry, coarse-textured layer beneath the root zone, with concurrent upward movement through the root zone. Analysis of subsurface fluxes along a transect perpendicular to the LLRW facility showed that upward diffusive-vapor transport dominates other transport modes beneath native vegetation. Downward advective-liquid transport dominates at one endpoint of the transect, beneath a devegetated road immediately adjacent to the facility. To our knowledge, this study is the first to document large-scale subsurface vapor-phase tritium migration from a LLRW facility. Plant-based methods provide a noninvasive, cost-effective approach to mapping subsurface tritium migration in desert areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/vzj2005.0052","usgsCitation":"Andraski, B.J., Stonestrom, D.A., Michel, R.L., Halford, K.J., and Radyk, J., 2005, Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 4, no. 3, p. 819-827, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0052.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"819","endPage":"827","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4ffe4b014cc3a3ba53a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radyk, J.C.","contributorId":31176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radyk","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70238569,"text":"70238569 - 2005 - Quebrada Tacahuay, southern Peru: A Late Pleistocene site preserved by a debris flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-29T18:58:38.313398","indexId":"70238569","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T12:02:48","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2283,"text":"Journal of Field Archaeology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quebrada Tacahuay, southern Peru: A Late Pleistocene site preserved by a debris flow","docAbstract":"Here we describe the properties of a debris flow apparently generated by a warm phase El Niño event that buried an intermittently occupied Late Pleistocene forager site located in the southern coastal desert of Peru. Although the event deposited roughly one meter of sediment over the initial occupation, our analyses of debris flow dynamics and data from large scale archaeological investigations indicate that the earliest anthropogenic deposits at the site of Quebrada Tacahuay were preserved intact as a result of the burial episode; there is no evidence that the debris flow scoured or disturbed the cultural deposits. The event that buried the oldest archaeological contexts at Quebrada Tacahuay differs from other flood events that are characterized by turbulent, fast-moving floodwaters. Our data on debris flow dynamics and our results from excavation have implications for identifying, investigating, and interpreting other deeply buried archaeological sites both in the central Andes and in other geographic regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1179/009346905791072161","usgsCitation":"deFrance, S.D., and Keefer, D.K., 2005, Quebrada Tacahuay, southern Peru: A Late Pleistocene site preserved by a debris flow: Journal of Field Archaeology, v. 30, no. 4, p. 385-399, https://doi.org/10.1179/009346905791072161.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"399","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409805,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Peru","otherGeospatial":"Quebrada Tacahuay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.16783774798594,\n -17.809633533101646\n ],\n [\n -71.15479148333736,\n -17.82401523458283\n ],\n [\n -71.14037192767329,\n -17.82662996472891\n ],\n [\n -71.1108461708374,\n -17.843624775152477\n ],\n [\n -71.10123313372821,\n -17.87172801565187\n ],\n [\n -71.07788718646273,\n -17.876302541329494\n ],\n [\n -71.0449282020874,\n -17.886104699655007\n ],\n [\n -70.97077048724375,\n -17.852775154945718\n ],\n [\n -70.93231833880645,\n -17.809633533101646\n ],\n [\n -70.90347922747829,\n -17.75209513748746\n ],\n [\n -70.94399131243887,\n -17.700425586524346\n ],\n [\n -70.94811118548603,\n -17.664444328965416\n ],\n [\n -70.99136985247827,\n -17.665098597927596\n ],\n [\n -71.09711326068106,\n -17.73247554327706\n ],\n [\n -71.16783774798594,\n -17.809633533101646\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"deFrance, Susan D.","contributorId":90902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"deFrance","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, David K.","contributorId":22405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70201358,"text":"70201358 - 2005 - Photogrammetric analysis of the Mars Global Surveyor mapping data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-11T10:50:39","indexId":"70201358","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T10:50:08","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photogrammetric analysis of the Mars Global Surveyor mapping data","docAbstract":"This paper studies the photogrammetric mapping properties and capabilities of the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) mapping data. Starting from the raw MGS data, we decompress the MOC narrow angle images, extract, and calculate their exterior orientation from the SPICE kernels, and calculate the 3D coordinates of MOLA footprints from MOLA PEDR files. A new approach is proposed that registers a MOLA profile to stereo MOC images over the same area with robust and faster convergence. Intersection is conducted to determine the 3D positions of image points measured on MOC stereo pairs. It is shown that there is a nearly constant uncertainty of one MOLA ground spacing distance (approximately 325 m) along the flight direction in MOC and MOLA registration. This is caused by the uncertainties in SPICE kernels, MOLA points, and the determination of time tags for MOC scan lines, which possibly constitutes the dominant error source for the registration. Intersection calculation reaches an optimal balance by distributing the uncertainty evenly in the two images of a stereo pair. As for the photogrammetric mapping capabilities, an uncertainty of 180.8 m in planimetric distance and 30.8 m in elevation difference is estimated. A number of numerical and graphic results over three of the selected candidate landing sites for the Mars Exploration Rover mission are presented for analysis and illustration.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.71.1.97","usgsCitation":"Shan, J., Yoon, J., Lee, D.S., Kirk, R.L., Neumann, G., and Acton, C.H., 2005, Photogrammetric analysis of the Mars Global Surveyor mapping data: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 1, p. 97-108, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.71.1.97.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"108","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.71.1.97","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10dadfe4b034bf6a7fcc5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shan, Jie","contributorId":211360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shan","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yoon, Jong-suk","contributorId":211361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoon","given":"Jong-suk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, D. Scott","contributorId":211362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neumann, Gregory","contributorId":147982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neumann","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Acton, Charles H.","contributorId":211363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Acton","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031643,"text":"70031643 - 2005 - The most recent large earthquake on the Rodgers Creek fault, San Francisco bay area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70031643","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The most recent large earthquake on the Rodgers Creek fault, San Francisco bay area","docAbstract":"The Rodgers Creek fault (RCF) is a principal component of the San Andreas fault system north of San Francisco. No evidence appears in the historical record of a large earthquake on the RCF, implying that the most recent earthquake (MRE) occurred before 1824, when a Franciscan mission was built near the fault at Sonoma, and probably before 1776, when a mission and presidio were built in San Francisco. The first appearance of nonnative pollen in the stratigraphic record at the Triangle G Ranch study site on the south-central reach of the RCF confirms that the MRE occurred before local settlement and the beginning of livestock grazing. Chronological modeling of earthquake age using radiocarbon-dated charcoal from near the top of a faulted alluvial sequence at the site indicates that the MRE occurred no earlier than A.D. 1690 and most likely occurred after A.D. 1715. With these age constraints, we know that the elapsed time since the MRE on the RCF is more than 181 years and less than 315 years and is probably between 229 and 290 years. This elapsed time is similar to published recurrence-interval estimates of 131 to 370 years (preferred value of 230 years) and 136 to 345 years (mean of 205 years), calculated from geologic data and a regional earthquake model, respectively. Importantly, then, the elapsed time may have reached or exceeded the average recurrence time for the fault. The age of the MRE on the RCF is similar to the age of prehistoric surface rupture on the northern and southern sections of the Hayward fault to the south. This suggests possible rupture scenarios that involve simultaneous rupture of the Rodgers Creek and Hayward faults. A buried channel is offset 2.2 (+ 1.2, - 0.8) m along one side of a pressure ridge at the Triangle G Ranch site. This provides a minimum estimate of right-lateral slip during the MRE at this location. Total slip at the site may be similar to, but is probably greater than, the 2 (+ 0.3, - 0.2) m measured previously at the nearby Beebe Ranch site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120040134","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hecker, S., Pantosti, D., Schwartz, D.P., Hamilton, J.C., Reidy, L., and Powers, T.J., 2005, The most recent large earthquake on the Rodgers Creek fault, San Francisco bay area: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 3, p. 844-860, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040134.","startPage":"844","endPage":"860","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212273,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040134"},{"id":239735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badf0e4b08c986b323e78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hecker, S. 0000-0002-5054-372X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-372X","contributorId":63221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecker","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pantosti, D.","contributorId":66013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pantosti","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, J. C.","contributorId":61837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reidy, L.M.","contributorId":106672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidy","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powers, T. J.","contributorId":18391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70184636,"text":"70184636 - 2005 - Paleoenvironmental analyses of an organic deposit from an erosional landscape remnant, Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T12:49:07","indexId":"70184636","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoenvironmental analyses of an organic deposit from an erosional landscape remnant, Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska","docAbstract":"The dominant landscape process on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska is the formation and drainage of thaw lakes. Lakes and drained thaw-lake basins account for approximately 75% of the modern surface expression of the Barrow Peninsula. The thaw-lake cycle usually obliterates lacustrine or peat sediments from previous cycles, which could otherwise be used for paleoecological reconstruction of long-term landscape and vegetation changes. Several possible erosional remnants of a former topographic surface that predates the formation of the thaw lakes have been tentatively identified. These remnants are characterized by a higher elevation, a thick organic layer with very high ground ice content in the upper permafrost and a plant community somewhat atypical of the region. Ten soil cores were collected from one site, and one core was intensively sampled for soil organic carbon content, pollen analysis and 14C dating. The lowest level of the organic sediments represents the earliest phase of plant growth and dates to ca. 9000 cal BP. Palynological evidence indicates the presence of mesic shrub tundra (including sedge, birch, willow and heath vegetation), and microfossil indicators point to wetter eutrophic conditions during this period. Carbon accumulation was rapid due to high net primary productivity in a relatively nutrient-rich environment. These results are interpreted as the local response to ameliorating climate during the early Holocene. The middle Holocene portion of the record contains an unconformity, indicating that between 8200 and 4200 cal BP sediments were eroded from the site, presumably in response to wind activity during a drier period centered around 4500 cal BP. The modern vegetation community of the erosional remnant was established after 4200 cal BP and peat growth resumed. During the late Holocene, carbon accumulation rates (CARs) were greatly reduced in response to the combined effects of declining productivity associated with climatic cooling, and increased nutrient stress as paludification and permafrost aggradation sequestered mineral nutrients.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.11.025","usgsCitation":"Eisner, W.R., Bockheim, J.G., Hinkel, K., Brown, T., Nelson, F.E., Peterson, K.M., and Jones, B.M., 2005, Paleoenvironmental analyses of an organic deposit from an erosional landscape remnant, Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 217, no. 3-4, p. 187-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.11.025.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"204","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/15015873","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Coastal Plain","volume":"217","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c93ee4b0f37a93ee9b11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisner, Wendy R.","contributorId":35497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bockheim, James G.","contributorId":41948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bockheim","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkel, Kenneth M.","contributorId":64170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkel","given":"Kenneth M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Thomas A.","contributorId":52817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Frederick E.","contributorId":107919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Kim M.","contributorId":58806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70195415,"text":"70195415 - 2005 - Petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of mined coals, western Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-13T17:26:51","indexId":"70195415","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of mined coals, western Venezuela","docAbstract":"Upper Paleocene to middle Miocene coal samples collected from active mines in the western Venezuelan States of Táchira, Mérida and Zulia have been characterized through an integrated geochemical, mineralogical and petrographic investigation. Proximate, ultimate, calorific and forms of sulfur values, major and trace element, vitrinite reflectance, maceral concentrations and mineral matter content have been determined for 16 channel samples from 14 mines. Ash yield generally is low, ranging from < 1 to 17 wt.% (mean = 5 wt.%) on a dry basis (db). Total sulfur content is low to moderate, ranging from 1 to 6 wt.%, db (average = 1.7 wt.%). Calorific value ranges from 25.21 to 37.21 MJ/kg (10,840–16,000 Btu/lb) on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis (average = 33.25 MJ/kg, 14,300 Btu/lb), placing most of the coal samples in the apparent rank classification of high-volatile bituminous. Most of the coal samples exhibit favorable characteristics on the various indices developed to predict combustion and coking behavior and concentrations of possible environmentally sensitive elements (As, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Th and U) generally are similar to the concentrations of these elements in most coals of the world, with one or two exceptions. Concentrations of the liptinite maceral group range from < 1% to 70 vol.%. Five samples contain > 20 vol.% liptinite, dominated by the macerals bituminite and sporinite. Collotelinite dominates the vitrinite group; telinite was observed in quantities of ≤ 1 vol.% despite efforts to better quantify this maceral by etching the sample pellets in potassium permanganate and also by exposure in an oxygen plasma chamber. Inertinite group macerals typically represent < 10 vol.% of the coal samples and the highest concentrations of inertinite macerals are found in distantly spaced (> 400 km) upper Paleocene coal samples from opposite sides of Lago de Maracaibo, possibly indicating tectonic controls on subsidence related to construction of the Andean orogen. Values of maximum reflectance of vitrinite in oil (Ro max) range between 0.42% and 0.85% and generally are consistent with the high-volatile bituminous rank classification obtained through ASTM methods. X-ray diffraction analyses of low-temperature ash residues indicate that kaolinite, quartz, illite and pyrite dominate the inorganic fraction of most samples; plagioclase, potassium feldspar, calcite, siderite, ankerite, marcasite, rutile, anatase and apatite are present in minor or trace concentrations. Semiquantitative values of volume percent pyrite content show a strong correlation with pyritic sulfur and some sulfide-hosted trace element concentrations (As and Hg). This work provides a modern quality dataset for the western Venezuela coal deposits currently being exploited and will serve as the foundation for an ongoing coal quality research program in Venezuela.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.006","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., Warwick, P.D., and Gonzalez, E., 2005, Petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of mined coals, western Venezuela: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 63, no. 1-2, p. 68-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.006.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"97","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Venezuela","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-71.33158,11.77628],[-71.36001,11.53999],[-71.94705,11.42328],[-71.62087,10.96946],[-71.63306,10.44649],[-72.07417,9.86565],[-71.69564,9.07226],[-71.26456,9.13719],[-71.04,9.85999],[-71.35008,10.21194],[-71.40062,10.96897],[-70.1553,11.37548],[-70.29384,11.84682],[-69.94324,12.16231],[-69.5843,11.45961],[-68.883,11.44338],[-68.23327,10.88574],[-68.19413,10.55465],[-67.29625,10.54587],[-66.22786,10.64863],[-65.65524,10.2008],[-64.89045,10.07721],[-64.32948,10.3896],[-64.31801,10.64142],[-63.07932,10.70172],[-61.88095,10.71563],[-62.73012,10.42027],[-62.38851,9.9482],[-61.58877,9.87307],[-60.8306,9.38134],[-60.67125,8.58017],[-60.1501,8.60276],[-59.75828,8.36703],[-60.55059,7.7796],[-60.63797,7.415],[-60.29567,7.04391],[-60.544,6.85658],[-61.15934,6.69608],[-61.13942,6.2343],[-61.4103,5.95907],[-60.73357,5.20028],[-60.60118,4.9181],[-60.96689,4.53647],[-62.08543,4.16212],[-62.80453,4.00697],[-63.0932,3.77057],[-63.88834,4.02053],[-64.62866,4.14848],[-64.81606,4.05645],[-64.36849,3.79721],[-64.40883,3.12679],[-64.27,2.49701],[-63.42287,2.41107],[-63.36879,2.2009],[-64.08309,1.91637],[-64.19931,1.49285],[-64.61101,1.32873],[-65.35471,1.09528],[-65.54827,0.78925],[-66.32577,0.72445],[-66.87633,1.25336],[-67.18129,2.25064],[-67.44709,2.60028],[-67.80994,2.82066],[-67.30317,3.31845],[-67.33756,3.54234],[-67.62184,3.83948],[-67.82301,4.50394],[-67.7447,5.22113],[-67.52153,5.55687],[-67.34144,6.09547],[-67.69509,6.26732],[-68.26505,6.15327],[-68.98532,6.2068],[-69.38948,6.09986],[-70.09331,6.96038],[-70.67423,7.08778],[-71.96018,6.99161],[-72.19835,7.34043],[-72.44449,7.42378],[-72.47968,7.63251],[-72.3609,8.00264],[-72.43986,8.40528],[-72.66049,8.62529],[-72.78873,9.08503],[-73.30495,9.152],[-73.0276,9.73677],[-72.90529,10.45034],[-72.61466,10.82198],[-72.22758,11.1087],[-71.97392,11.60867],[-71.33158,11.77628]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Venezuela\"}}]}","volume":"63","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0451e4b0da30c1bfcd08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonzalez, Eligio","contributorId":68161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Eligio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194196,"text":"70194196 - 2005 - Environmental stresses and skeletal deformities in fish from the Willamette River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T10:38:29","indexId":"70194196","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental stresses and skeletal deformities in fish from the Willamette River, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Willamette River, one of 14 American Heritage Rivers, flows through the most densely populated and agriculturally productive region of Oregon. Previous biological monitoring of the Willamette River detected elevated frequencies of skeletal deformities in fish from certain areas of the lower (Newberg pool [NP], rivermile [RM] 26−55) and middle (Wheatland Ferry [WF], RM 72−74) river, relative to those in the upper river (Corvallis [CV], RM 125−138). The objective of this study was to determine the likely cause of these skeletal deformities. In 2002 and 2003, deformity loads in Willamette River fishes were 2−3 times greater at the NP and WF locations than at the CV location. There were some differences in water quality parameters between the NP and CV sites, but they did not readily explain the difference in deformity loads. Concentrations of bioavailable metals were below detection limits (0.6−1 μg/L). Concentrations of bioavailable polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides were generally below 0.25 ng/L. Concentrations of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were generally less than 5 ng/L. Concentrations of most persistent organic pollutants were below detection limits in ovary/oocyte tissue samples and sediments, and those that were detected were not significantly different among sites. Bioassay of Willamette River water extracts provided no evidence that unidentified compounds or the complex mixture of compounds present in the extracts could induce skeletal deformities in cyprinid fish. However, metacercariae of a digenean trematode were directly associated with a large percentage of deformities detected in two Willamette River fishes, and similar deformities were reproduced in laboratory fathead minnows exposed to cercariae extracted from Willamette River snails. Thus, the weight of evidence suggests that parasitic infection, not chemical contaminants, was the primary cause of skeletal deformities observed in Willamette River fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es048570c","usgsCitation":"Villeneuve, D.L., Curtis, L.R., Jenkins, J., Warner, K.E., Tilton, F., Kent, M., Watral, V.G., Cunningham, M.E., Markle, D.F., Sethajintanin, D., Krissanakriangkrai, O., Johnson, E.R., and Grove, R., 2005, Environmental stresses and skeletal deformities in fish from the Willamette River, Oregon: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 10, p. 3495-3506, https://doi.org/10.1021/es048570c.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3495","endPage":"3506","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","volume":"39","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a611697e4b06e28e9c258ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villeneuve, Daniel L.","contributorId":32091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villeneuve","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13485,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curtis, Lawrence R.","contributorId":118469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curtis","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenkins, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":98279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warner, Kara E.","contributorId":177381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warner","given":"Kara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tilton, Fred","contributorId":89534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tilton","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kent, Michael L.","contributorId":108420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watral, Virginia G.","contributorId":55240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watral","given":"Virginia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cunningham, Michael E.","contributorId":61465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Markle, Douglas F.","contributorId":14530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markle","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sethajintanin, Doolalai","contributorId":77884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sethajintanin","given":"Doolalai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Krissanakriangkrai, Oraphin","contributorId":29267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krissanakriangkrai","given":"Oraphin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Johnson, Eugene R.","contributorId":54400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Grove, Robert","contributorId":172512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70184391,"text":"70184391 - 2005 - A method adapting microarray technology for signature tagged mutagenesis of Dusulfovibrio dusulfuricans G20 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in anaerobic sediment survival experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T12:23:55","indexId":"70184391","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method adapting microarray technology for signature tagged mutagenesis of Dusulfovibrio dusulfuricans G20 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in anaerobic sediment survival experiments","docAbstract":"Signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) is a powerful technique that can be used to identify genes expressed by bacteria during exposure to conditions in their natural environments. To date, there have been no reports of studies in which this approach was used to study organisms of environmental, rather than pathogenic, significance. We used a mini-Tn10 transposon-bearing plasmid, pBSL180, that efficiently and randomly mutagenized Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20 in addition to Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Using these organisms as model sediment-dwelling anaerobic bacteria, we developed a new screening system, modified from former STM procedures, to identify genes that are critical for sediment survival. The screening system uses microarray technology to visualize tags from input and output pools, allowing us to identify those lost during sediment incubations. While the majority of data on survival genes identified will be presented in future papers, we report here on chemotaxis-related genes identified by our STM method in both bacteria in order to validate our method. This system may be applicable to the study of numerous environmental bacteria, allowing us to identify functions and roles of survival genes in various habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.71.11.7064-7074.2005","usgsCitation":"Groh, J.L., Luo, Q., Ballard, J.D., and Krumholz, L.R., 2005, A method adapting microarray technology for signature tagged mutagenesis of Dusulfovibrio dusulfuricans G20 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in anaerobic sediment survival experiments: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 71, no. 11, p. 7064-7074, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.11.7064-7074.2005.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"7064","endPage":"7074","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1287673","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12641e4b014cc3a3d34dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groh, Jennifer L.","contributorId":187676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groh","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luo, Qingwei","contributorId":187677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luo","given":"Qingwei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballard, Jimmy D.","contributorId":187678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"Jimmy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krumholz, Lee R.","contributorId":187679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krumholz","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029665,"text":"70029665 - 2005 - An integrated view of the chemistry and mineralogy of martian soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T12:39:39","indexId":"70029665","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated view of the chemistry and mineralogy of martian soils","docAbstract":"The mineralogical and elemental compositions of the martian soil are indicators of chemical and physical weathering processes. Using data from the Mars Exploration Rovers, we show that bright dust deposits on opposite sides of the planet are part of a global unit and not dominated by the composition of local rocks. Dark soil deposits at both sites have similar basaltic mineralogies, and could reflect either a global component or the general similarity in the compositions of the rocks from which they were derived. Increased levels of bromine are consistent with mobilization of soluble salts by thin films of liquid water, but the presence of olivine in analysed soil samples indicates that the extent of aqueous alteration of soils has been limited. Nickel abundances are enhanced at the immediate surface and indicate that the upper few millimetres of soil could contain up to one per cent meteoritic material.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature03637","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Yen, A.S., Gellert, R., Schroder, C., Morris, R., Bell, J., Knudson, A., Clark, B.C., Ming, D.W., Crisp, J., Arvidson, R., Blaney, D., Bruckner, J., Christensen, P.R., DesMarais, D., De Souza, P., Economou, T., Ghosh, A., Hahn, B., Herkenhoff, K.E., Haskin, L., Hurowitz, J., Joliff, B., Johnson, J.R., Klingelhofer, G., Madsen, M., McLennan, S.M., McSween, H., Richter, L., Rieder, R., Rodionov, D., Soderblom, L.A., Squyres, S.W., Tosca, N., Wang, A., Wyatt, M., and Zipfel, J., 2005, An integrated view of the chemistry and mineralogy of martian soils: Nature, v. 436, no. 7047, p. 49-54, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03637.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"436","issue":"7047","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea82e4b0c8380cd488ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yen, A. 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Samples of tephra from early in the eruption were analyzed for major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf, and O isotopic compositions. The compositions of these tephras are compared with those of prehistoric samples of basalt and andesite, also newly reported here. The May 2003 eruptives are medium-K andesites with 59–63 wt.% SiO2, and are otherwise homogeneous (varying less than 3% 2σ about the mean for 45 elements). Small, but systematic, chemical differences exist between dark (scoria) and light (pumice) fragments, which indicate fewer mafic and oxide phenocrysts in, and less degassing for, the pumice than scoria. The May 2003 magmas are nearly identical to other prehistoric eruptives from Anatahan. Nonetheless, Anatahan has erupted a wide range of compositions in the past, from basalt to dacite (49–66 wt.% SiO2). The large proportion of lavas with silicic compositions at Anatahan (> 59 wt.% SiO2) is unique within the active Mariana Islands, which otherwise erupt a narrow range of basalts and basaltic andesites. The silicic compositions raise the question of whether they formed via crystal fractionation or crustal assimilation. The lack of 87Sr/86Sr variation with silica content, the MORB-like δ18O, and the incompatible behavior of Zr rule out assimilation of old crust, altered crust, or zircon-saturated crustal melts, respectively. Instead, the constancy of isotopic and trace element ratios, and the systematic variations in REE patterns are consistent with evolution by crystal fractionation of similar parental magmas. Thus, Anatahan is a type example of an island-arc volcano that erupts comagmatic basalts to dacites, with no evidence for crustal assimilation. The parental magmas to Anatahan lie at the low 143Nd/144Nd, Ba/La, and Sm/La end of the spectrum of magmas erupted in the Marianas arc, consistent with 1–3 wt.% addition of subducted sediment to the mantle source, or roughly one third of the sedimentary column. The high Th/La in Anatahan magmas is consistent with shallow loss of the top ∼ 50 m of the sedimentary column during subduction.
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