The Southern High Plains of Texas occupies an area of about 22,000 square miles in northwest Texas, extending from the Canadian River southward. about 250 miles and from the New Mexico line eastward an average distance of about 120 miles.
The economy of the area is dependent largely upon irrigated agriculture, and in 1958 about 44,000 irrigation wells were in operation. The economy of the area is also dependent upon the oil industry either in the form of oil and gas production or in the form of industries based on the production of petroleum.
The Southern High Plains of Texas is characterized by a nearly flat land surface sloping gently toward the southeast at an average of 8 to 10 feet per mile. Shallow undrained depressions or playas are characteristic of the plains surface, and during periods of heavy rainfall, runoff collects in the depressions to form temporary ponds or lakes. Stream drainage on the plains surface is poorly developed; water discharges over the eastern escarpment off the plains only during periods of excessive rainfall.
The climate of the area is semiarid; the average annual precipitation is about 20 inches. About 70 percent of the precipitation falls during the growing season from April to September.
Rocks of Permian age underlie the entire area and consist chiefly of red sandstone and shale containing numerous beds of gypsum and dolomite. The Permian rocks are not a source of water in the Southern High Plains, and any water in these rocks would probably be saline.
The Triassic rocks underlying the Southern High Plains consist of three formations of the Dockum group: the Tecovas formation, the Santa Rosa sandstone. and the Chinle formation equivalent. The Tecovas and Chinle formation equivalent both consist chiefly of shale and sandy shale; however, the Santa Rosa sandstone consists mainly of medium to coarse conglomeratic sandstone containing some shale. The formations of the Dockum group are capable of yielding small to moderate quantities of water in many parts of the Southern High Plains; however, in practically all places the water is rather saline and probably unsuitable for most uses.
The Cretaceous formations in the Southern High Plains consist of several formations of the Trinity, Fredericksburg, and Washita groups. The rocks underlie a large part of the southern part of the Southern High Plains; they consist of sandstone, shale, and limestone, the sandstone and limestone being the principal water-bearing units. In a few places where the Cretaceous rocks appear to be in hydraulic connection with the overlying Ogallala formation, moderate quantities of water are obtained, particularly from the limestones. Locally the Cretaceous rocks may be important aquifers where other water is not available, but they generally do not constitute a large source of water for irrigation or municipal use.
The Ogallala formation of Pliocene age is the principal aquifer in the Southern High Plains of Texas; it supplies practically all the water used for all purposes. The formation is continuous throughout most of the Texas part of the Southern High Plains and extends into New Mexico. The .formation consists chiefly of sediments deposited by streams that had their headwaters in the mountainous regions to the west and northwest. The Ogallala formation rests unconformably upon an erosional surface of the underlying Triassic and Cretaceous rocks. The Ogallala consists of beds and lenses of clay, silt, sand, and gravel; caliche occurs as a secondary deposit ,in many places in the formation. In general the Ogallala is thicker in the northern part of the area; the thickness ranges from 400 to 500 feet in central Parmer, west-central Castro, and southwestern Floyd Counties to a knife edge where the formation wedges out against outcrops of the older rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1693","usgsCitation":"Cronin, J., and Myers, B.N., 1964, A summary of the occurrence and development of ground water in the southern High Plains of Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1693, Report: v, 88 p.; 7 Plates: 13.00 x 23.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1693.","productDescription":"Report: v, 88 p.; 7 Plates: 13.00 x 23.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":26128,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26130,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26129,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26131,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":411263,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24899.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26127,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26132,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137997,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26126,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26125,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.9,\n 36.85\n ],\n [\n -104.481,\n 36.85\n ],\n [\n -104.481,\n 31.61\n ],\n [\n -99.9,\n 31.61\n ],\n [\n -99.9,\n 36.85\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5f28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, J.G.","contributorId":47769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, B. N.","contributorId":67490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2099,"text":"wsp1669AA - 1964 - Ground-water resources of the lower Mesilla Valley, Texas and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T14:33:03","indexId":"wsp1669AA","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"AA","title":"Ground-water resources of the lower Mesilla Valley, Texas and New Mexico","docAbstract":"The lower Mesilla Valley extends southward from the vicinity of Anthony, Tex., to the gorge of the Rio Grande north of El Paso and westward from the Franklin Mountains to the east edge of La Mesa. The increase in the use of ground water for the public water supply of El Paso and for supplemental irrigation, when the surface-water allotments were inadequate, emphasized the need for an investigation of the ground-water resources of the lower Mesilla Valley.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1962","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669AA","usgsCitation":"Leggat, E., Lowry, M., and Hood, J.W., 1964, Ground-water resources of the lower Mesilla Valley, Texas and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, Report: iv, 49 p.; 8 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669AA.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 49 p.; 8 Plates","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27666,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27667,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27668,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27669,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27672,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27673,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27665,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27671,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27670,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696a4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leggat, E. R.","contributorId":28222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leggat","given":"E. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowry, M.E.","contributorId":55807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hood, J. W.","contributorId":87908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1211,"text":"wsp1779O - 1964 - Hydrology of aquifer systems in the Memphis area, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp1779O","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"O","title":"Hydrology of aquifer systems in the Memphis area, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The Memphis area as described in .this report comprises about 1,300 square miles of the Mississippi embayment part of the Gulf Coastal Plain. The area is underlain by as much as 3,000 feet of sediments ranging in age from Cretaceous through Quaternary. \r\n\r\nIn 1960, 150 mgd (million gallons per day) of water was pumped from the principal aquifers. Municipal pumpage accounted for almost half of this amount, and industrial pumpage a little more than half. About 90 percent of the water used in the area is derived from the '500-foot' sand, and most of the remainder is from the ?400-foot' sand; both sands are of Eocene age. A small amount of water for domestic use is pumped from the terrace deposits of Pliocene and Pleistocene age. \r\n\r\nBoth the '500-foot' and the '1,400-foot' sands are artesian aquifers except in the southeastern part of the area; there the water level in wells in the '500-foot' sand is now below the overlying confining clay. Water levels in both aquifers have declined almost continuously since pumping began, but the rate of decline has increased rapidly since 1940. Water-level decline in the '1,400-foot' sand has been less pronounced since 1956. \r\n\r\nThe cones of depression in both aquifers have expanded and deepened as a result of the annual increases in pumping, and an increase in hydraulic gradients has induced a greater flow of water into the area. Approximately 135 mgd entered the Memphis area through the '500-foot' sand aquifer in 1960, and, of this amount, 60 mgd originated as inflow from the east and about 75 mgd was derived from leakage from the terrace deposits, from the north, south, and west and from other sources. Of the water entering the '1,400-foot' sand, about 5 mgd was inflow from the east, and about half that amount was from each of the north, south, and west directions. The average rate of movement of water outside the area of heavy withdrawals is about 70 feet per year in the '500-foot' sand and about 40 feet per year in the '1,400-foot' sand. The average rate of depletion of storage in each aquifer since pumping began is about 1 mgd. Most of the recharge to the '500-foot' and '1,400-foot' sands occurs in outcrop areas about 30-80 miles east of Memphis. Also, water leaks from the terrace deposits to the '500-foot' sand in some places, and there may be some leakage from streams where the confining clay is thin or is breached by faults or streams.\r\n\r\nThe quality of water from both the principal aquifers is very good. Iron, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide are the only constituents found in undesirable quantities. Water from the terrace deposits is hard but generally contains less iron and carbon dioxide than water from either of the principal aquifers. \r\n\r\nThe hydraulic characteristics of both aquifers were determined by pumping tests and by applying the knowledge of the geology o# the area; these characteristics indicate that the aquifers are capable of producing more water than is currently being pumped from them. The '500-foot' sand will produce more water per unit decline of water level than will the '1,400-foot' sand. There appears to be no reason why the development of water supplies from both aquifers should not continue, but well spacing will remain a factor which could affect future development. Greater well spacing will tend to prolong the useful life of a well and the aquifers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Gov't. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779O","usgsCitation":"Criner, J.H., Sun, P.P., and Nyman, D.J., 1964, Hydrology of aquifer systems in the Memphis area, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, [31] leaves :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779O.","productDescription":"[31] leaves :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26097,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26098,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26099,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26100,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26101,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26102,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26103,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26104,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698959","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Criner, James H.","contributorId":107258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sun, P-C. P.","contributorId":25546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"P-C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nyman, Dale J.","contributorId":28584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyman","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":932,"text":"wsp1779G - 1964 - Geology and ground-water resources of Bradley, Calhoun, and Ouachita Counties, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-05T14:26:47","indexId":"wsp1779G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"G","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Bradley, Calhoun, and Ouachita Counties, Arkansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Government Printing Office,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779G","usgsCitation":"Albin, D.R., 1964, Geology and ground-water resources of Bradley, Calhoun, and Ouachita Counties, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, iv, 32 p. :ill., maps (6 fold. in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779G.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill., maps (6 fold. in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246954,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779g/plate-7.pdf","size":"1337","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":276513,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779g/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":276514,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779g/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":276515,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779g/plate-5.pdf"},{"id":276516,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779g/plate-6.pdf"},{"id":277938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":278835,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779g/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":278833,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779g/report.pdf"},{"id":278834,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779g/plate-2.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685bb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albin, Donald R.","contributorId":67486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albin","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32795,"text":"pp372B - 1964 - General effects of drought on water resources of the southwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-16T22:32:18.53445","indexId":"pp372B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"372","chapter":"B","title":"General effects of drought on water resources of the southwest","docAbstract":"The effects of drought are most pronounced on soil moisture, because soil is the prime recipient of the water from precipitation, and upon streamflow, because it is the residual water that is not accepted by or that flows out from the soil and groundwater reservoirs. Studies by statistical correlation of records of natural streamflow and of dendrochronology indicate patterns of regional runoff that reflect precipitation trends in the principal meteorologic regions in the Southwest. By contrast, the effects of drought upon ground water vary with the natural characteristics and degree of utilization of individual aquifers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Drought in the Southwest, 1942-56 (Professional Paper 372)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp372B","usgsCitation":"Gatewood, J.S., Wilson, A., Thomas, H.E., and Kister, L., 1964, General effects of drought on water resources of the southwest: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 372, Report: iii, 55 p.; 1 Plate: 16.99 x 20.10 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp372B.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 55 p.; 1 Plate: 16.99 x 20.10 inches","numberOfPages":"59","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":336002,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp372D","text":"Chapter D: Effects of drought in the Rio Grande basin"},{"id":336000,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp372A","text":"Chapter A: The meteorologic phenomenon of drought in the Southwest"},{"id":336001,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp372C","text":"Chapter C: Effects of drought in central and south Texas"},{"id":336003,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp372E","text":"Chapter E: Effects of drought in basins of interior drainage"},{"id":336004,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp372F","text":"Chapter F: Effects of drought in the Colorado River basin"},{"id":336005,"rank":10,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp372G","text":"Chapter G: Effects of drought along Pacific Coast in California"},{"id":336006,"rank":11,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp372H","text":"Chapter H: General summary of effects of the drought in the Southwest"},{"id":60777,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0372b/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"3.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Areas where annual runoff was less than the median, 1942-57"},{"id":60778,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0372b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104445,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4368.htm","size":"7.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4368"},{"id":119888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0372b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Southwestern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 38.95940879245423\n ],\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 38.95940879245423\n ],\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 31.50362930577303\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0fb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gatewood, J. S.","contributorId":100829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gatewood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Alfonso","contributorId":83575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Alfonso","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kister, L. R.","contributorId":54187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kister","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1023,"text":"wsp1669U - 1964 - Ground-water resources of Waupaca County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-02T13:05:28","indexId":"wsp1669U","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"U","title":"Ground-water resources of Waupaca County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Waupaca County is in east-central Wisconsin. No serious ground-water problems existed in 1960 except in a few localities where crystalline rock is near land surface or is covered by nearly impermeable till. The use of ground water for irrigation has not appreciably affected ground-water levels.
\nThe county is covered by Pleistocene till, glaciolacustrine (lake), glaciofluvial (stream), and eolian (wind) deposits. In the northern three-quarters of the county these deposits overlie Precambrian crystalline rocks; in the remainder, they overlie sandstone of Cambrian age and, to a minor extent, dolomite of the Prairie du Chien Group of Ordovician age. The deposits of Pleistocene age, particularly outwash, are the principal sources of ground water except in those areas where the saturated thickness is slight or the permeability low. The sandstone of Cambrian age is an important aquifer in the southeastern part of the county. The crystalline rocks of Precambrian age yield little water except from fractures, joints, and weathered zones, and they are a source of water only in areas where better aquifers are absent.
\nGround water in Waupaca County occurs under both water-table and artesian conditions. The source of this ground water is precipitation that falls on the county and percolates downward to the zone of saturation. Regional movement of ground water is to the Wolf River. In most of the county the direction of movement is eastward or southeastward, except in the southeastern corner of the county, where the movement is westward.
\nWater-level fluctuations reflect the variations of ground-water storage or artesian pressure in response to variations in recharge and discharge. Declining water levels from 1956 to 1959 reflect a period of below-normal precipitation, and rising water levels in late 1959 and 1960 reflect above-normal precipitation. Average precipitation, runoff, and evapotranspiration in 1959 are estimated to be 1,000, 400, and 600 mgd (million gallons per day) respectively. Pumpage in the county was estimated to be about 4 mgd in 1959, and about half of this amount was used for public supplies.
\nA pumping test of a well in outwash deposits near Waupaca indicated that at that point the coefficient of transmissibility is about 100,000 gpd (gallons per day) per ft, the permeability is about 1,000 gpd per sq ft, the coefficient of storage is about 0.2, and the specific capacity is 41 gpm (gallons per minute) per ft of drawdown. These hydraulic characteristics are probably in the same order of magnitude as the characteristics of outwash deposits in the county in general.
\nThe water from wells in Waupaca County, although hard and generally containing iron, is good for most purposes.
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A few streamflow records were started in the late 1800's, one as early as 1888 (Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls). Much of the work has been done under cooperative arrangements between the U.S. Geological Survey and various State and Federal agencies. These data have been published in the form of daily discharge tables, and monthly and yearly summaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S.Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr64167","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin ","usgsCitation":"Young, K., 1964, Flow characteristics of Wisconsin streams: Flow-duration, Hhgh-flow, and low-flow tables for selected streams through water-year 1960: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-167, iii, 254 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64167.","productDescription":"iii, 254 p.","numberOfPages":"254","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":86875,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":178886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0167/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Mississippi","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr64146","usgsCitation":"Shows, T., and Golden, H.G., 1964, Water resources studies in southeast Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-146, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64146.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":100170,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0146/plate-01.pdf","size":"5112","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100171,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0146/plate-02.pdf","size":"5314","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100172,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0146/plate-03.pdf","size":"1227","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100173,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0146/plate-04.pdf","size":"922","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100174,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0146/plate-05.pdf","size":"1536","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100175,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0146/plate-06.pdf","size":"5059","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100176,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0146/plate-07.pdf","size":"1078","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100177,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0146/plate-08.pdf","size":"1196","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100178,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0146/plate-09.pdf","size":"1453","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100179,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0146/plate-10.pdf","size":"4988","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100180,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0146/plate-11.pdf","size":"1465","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa81a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shows, T.N.","contributorId":70054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shows","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Golden, H. G.","contributorId":56280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":52430,"text":"ofr64141 - 1964 - Water resources of the English River, Old Mans Creek, and Clear Creek basins in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T09:17:49","indexId":"ofr64141","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-141","title":"Water resources of the English River, Old Mans Creek, and Clear Creek basins in Iowa","docAbstract":"The surface and ground water resources of a 991 square mile area comprising the drainage basins of English River, Old Mans Creek and Clear Creek are presented. These basins lie to the west and southwest of Iowa City, Iowa, and all three streams are tributary to the Iowa River. The area is comprised of rolling uplands with relatively broad valleys and is devoted mainly to agriculture and livestock farming.
\nIn general, the surface water use is adversely affected by the high variability of flows and particularly by the critically small minimum flows. Augmentation of the minimum flows by means of storage reservoirs is possible but may be uneconomical in the broad valleys which require a high area to volume ratio.
\nThe surface water supply is presented in the form of tables and graphs which show information on maximum and minimum flows, mean flow, duration of flow, frequency of low flow and flood flow and storage requirements. Low-flow discharge. profiles for the English River and South Fork English River derived from measurements at partial record and supplementary sites are also shown.
\nGround water is available from shallow wells in nearly all of the area; however, the wells vary widely in productivity and reliability during a drouth. Potentially excellent aquifers may be found in the alluvium which underlies the valleys since similar areas along the lower Iowa River basin have produced yield up to 100 gallons per minute. However, the best and most reliable source of good ground water is the Jordan Sandstone. This aquifer varies from 1,375 feet below ground level in the eastern part of the area to 2,200 feet below ground level at the western end of the area. It is capable of supplying as much as 1,000 gallons per minute to individual wells. Its location is shown in the report by means of map contours referenced to mean sea level.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/ofr64141","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Iowa Natural Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Schwob, H., 1964, Water resources of the English River, Old Mans Creek, and Clear Creek basins in Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-141, v, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64141.","productDescription":"v, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0141/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":264317,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0141/report.pdf","size":"4108","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.56005859375,\n 41.68419444691368\n ],\n [\n -91.55593872070311,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -91.52572631835938,\n 41.57641597789266\n ],\n [\n -91.52023315429688,\n 41.51371908287346\n ],\n [\n -91.50100708007811,\n 41.457136982923494\n ],\n [\n -91.6094970703125,\n 41.430371882652814\n ],\n [\n -91.7303466796875,\n 41.38196080315539\n ],\n [\n -91.8511962890625,\n 41.384021583849886\n ],\n [\n -92.02423095703124,\n 41.39123380197929\n ],\n [\n -92.186279296875,\n 41.422134246213616\n ],\n [\n -92.35244750976562,\n 41.466399253078876\n ],\n [\n -92.47055053710938,\n 41.50240661583931\n ],\n [\n -92.5323486328125,\n 41.55072788140255\n ],\n [\n -92.5872802734375,\n 41.62776153144345\n ],\n [\n -92.69302368164062,\n 41.66162721430806\n ],\n [\n -92.72735595703125,\n 41.682143207256495\n ],\n [\n -92.80838012695312,\n 41.71700538790365\n ],\n [\n -92.76718139648438,\n 41.76209309432243\n ],\n [\n -92.5213623046875,\n 41.72315557551985\n ],\n [\n -92.44720458984375,\n 41.71598029940931\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 41.72110557838152\n ],\n [\n -92.296142578125,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -92.22747802734375,\n 41.73340458018376\n ],\n [\n -92.16156005859375,\n 41.73442939072102\n ],\n [\n -92.08602905273436,\n 41.739553198140634\n ],\n [\n -92.00225830078125,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -91.95968627929688,\n 41.75287318430239\n ],\n [\n -91.94320678710938,\n 41.766190406938684\n ],\n [\n -91.83609008789062,\n 41.7631174470059\n ],\n [\n -91.7138671875,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -91.60400390625,\n 41.73545418490723\n ],\n [\n -91.56417846679686,\n 41.69650051162981\n ],\n [\n -91.56005859375,\n 41.68419444691368\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwob, H.H.","contributorId":23171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwob","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52428,"text":"ofr64139 - 1964 - Chemistry and movement of ground water, Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:32","indexId":"ofr64139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-139","title":"Chemistry and movement of ground water, Nevada Test Site","docAbstract":"Three chemical types of ground water are distinguished at the Nevada Test Site and vicinity. A sodium-potassium water is related to tuff (in part zeolitized) and to alluvium containing detrital tuff. A calcium-magnesium water is related to limestone and dolomite, or to alluvium containing detritus of these rock types. A mixed chemical type, containing about as much sodium and potassium as calcium and magnesium, may result from the addition of one of the first two types of water to the other; to passage of water first through tuff and then through carbonate rock, or vice versa; and to ion-exchange during water travel. Consideration of the distribution of these water types, together with the distribution of sodium in the water and progressive changes in the dissolved solids, suggests that the ground water in the Nevada Test Site probably moves toward the Amargosa Desert, not into Indian Spring Valley and thence southeastward toward Las Vegas. The low dissolved solids content of ground-water reservoirs in alluvium and tuff of the enclosed basins indicates that recharge is local in origin.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr64139","usgsCitation":"Schoff, S., and Moore, J., 1964, Chemistry and movement of ground water, Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-139, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64139.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86862,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0139/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86863,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0139/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86864,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0139/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86865,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0139/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86866,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0139/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86867,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0139/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86868,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0139/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86869,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0139/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86870,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0139/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86871,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0139/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86872,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0139/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86873,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0139/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86874,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e33ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoff, S.L.","contributorId":107365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoff","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.E.","contributorId":34927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":52423,"text":"ofr64119 - 1964 - Ground-water resources of Al Mayah area, Tripolitania, United Kingdom of Libya","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:32","indexId":"ofr64119","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-119","title":"Ground-water resources of Al Mayah area, Tripolitania, United Kingdom of Libya","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr64119","usgsCitation":"Ogilbee, W., Vorhis, R., and Deghaies, F., 1964, Ground-water resources of Al Mayah area, Tripolitania, United Kingdom of Libya: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-119, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64119.","productDescription":"74 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ogilbee, William","contributorId":106093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogilbee","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vorhis, R.C.","contributorId":32512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vorhis","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":245319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deghaies, Fituri","contributorId":64330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deghaies","given":"Fituri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":52421,"text":"ofr64115 - 1964 - Compilation of water-temperature data for Oregon streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:32","indexId":"ofr64115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-115","title":"Compilation of water-temperature data for Oregon streams","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr64115","usgsCitation":"Moore, A., 1964, Compilation of water-temperature data for Oregon streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-115, 134 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64115.","productDescription":"134 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0115/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86860,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0115/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86861,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a9763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, A.M.","contributorId":87909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52420,"text":"ofr64114 - 1964 - Ground-water conditions, U. S. Naval Missile Facility, Point Arguello, California, July 1962-June 1963","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:32","indexId":"ofr64114","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-114","title":"Ground-water conditions, U. S. Naval Missile Facility, Point Arguello, California, July 1962-June 1963","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr64114","usgsCitation":"Miller, G., 1964, Ground-water conditions, U. S. Naval Missile Facility, Point Arguello, California, July 1962-June 1963: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-114, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64114.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d092","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, G.A.","contributorId":107671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52407,"text":"ofr6493 - 1964 - Ground-water maps of the Kingdom of Libya","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:32","indexId":"ofr6493","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-93","title":"Ground-water maps of the Kingdom of Libya","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6493","usgsCitation":"Jones, J., 1964, Ground-water maps of the Kingdom of Libya: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-93, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6493.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db66086f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J.R.","contributorId":15967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2043,"text":"wsp1669J - 1964 - Ground-water conditions in the Green Bay area, Wisconsin, 1950-60","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-02T13:57:06","indexId":"wsp1669J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"J","title":"Ground-water conditions in the Green Bay area, Wisconsin, 1950-60","docAbstract":"The Green Bay area, which includes parts of Brown, Outagamie, and Shawano Counties, has an area of about 525 square miles in eastern Wisconsin at the south end of Green Bay. In 1960, it had a population estimated at 124,000; Green Bay, the largest city in the area, had a population of 62,888. The Green Bay area is underlain by a basement complex of crystalline rocks of Precambrian age. Sedimentary rocks of Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian ages overlie the crystalline rocks. These rocks are divided, in ascending order, as follows: The Dresbach Group, Franconia Sandstone, and Trempealeau Formation of Cambrian age; the Prairie du Chien Group, St. Peter Sandstone, Platteville Formation, and Maquoketa Shale of Ordovician age; and the Niagara Dolomite of Silurian age. The Maquoketa Shale and Niagara Dolomite are present only in the eastern part of the area. Unconsolidated deposits, largely of Pleistocene age and glacial origin, overlie the older rocks in most of the area. The rocks of the Dresbach Group, Franconia Sandstone, Trempealeau Formation, Prairie du Chien Group, and St. Peter Sandstone are connected hydraulically and can be considered to form one aquifer, called the sandstone aquifer. The sandstone aquifer is the principal source of ground-water supply in the Green Bay area and is one of the most productive water-bearing units in Wisconsin. All the public water supplies in the area, except the supply for the city of Green Bay, and many of the industrial water supplies are obtained from wells tapping the sandstone aquifer. Rates of discharge of individual wells range from about 200 to 1,000 gallous per minute. The city of Green Bay also obtained its water supply from wells tapping the sandstone aquifer until August 1957, when it began using Lake Michigan as a source of water supply. Several industries also use large quantities of surface water. The Niagara Dolomite, although largely undeveloped, is potentially an important aquifer, in the eastern part of the area. Small amounts of water are obtained from dolomite of the Platteville Formation and from sand and gravel deposits of Pleistocene age. Recharge to the sandstone aquifer in the Green Bay area is derived chiefly from precipitation that infiltrates at or near the outcrop area of the aquifer in northwestern Brown County, eastern Outagamie and Shawano Counties, and southern Oconto County. The amount of recharge is estimated to be at least 30 mgd (million gallons per day). Withdrawals of water from wells tapping the sandstone aquifer in the area began when the first well was drilled in 1886. The withdrawals gradually increased to an average of about 6 mgd in 1940, about 10 mgd in 1950, and about 13 mgd in January-July of 1957, after which time the city of Green Bay discontinued pumping from wells. From August 1957 through 1960, average annual withdrawals of water remained relatively constant at about 5 mgd. Water levels in wells tapping the sandstone aquifer persistently declined until August 1957 as a result of the gradually increasing withdrawals of water. In the area of concentrated ground-water withdrawals in downtown Green Bay, the piezometric surface, which had been about 100 feet above land surface in 1886, was about 340 feet below land surface in 1957. The cessation of pumping by the city of Green Bay in August 1957 resulted in a decrease in withdrawals of ground water from about 13.1 mgd in the first half of 1957 to about 5.3 mgd in the last half and a rapid recovery in water levels. ]n the area of concentrated withdrawals, the piezometric surface had recovered about 300 feet by September 1960. Rises in water levels were recorded throughout the Green Bay area, with the amount of the rise depending on the distance from the Green Bay city wells. In September 1960, water levels appeared to be affected more by local variations in the rates of pumping than by the recovery resulting from 1957 reduction in pumping. Much additional ground water could
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