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California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Ground Water Branch,","doi":"10.3133/ofr6459","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Giessner, F., 1964, A reconnaissance of the geology and water resources of the Mission Creek Indian Reservation, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-59, 31 p., 30 leaves :ill., maps, photo. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6459.","productDescription":"31 p., 30 leaves :ill., maps, photo. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110358,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1656","usgsCitation":"Wood, P.R., and Dale, R.H., 1964, Geology and ground-water features of the Edison-Maricopa area, Kern County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1656, Report: vi, 108 p.; 12 Plates: 40.00 x 26.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1656.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 108 p.; 12 Plates: 40.00 x 26.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":29819,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1656/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29818,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1656/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":413890,"rank":15,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24848.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":29821,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1656/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29820,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1656/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29814,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1656/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29813,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1656/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29812,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1656/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29811,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1656/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29810,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1656/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29809,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1656/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139530,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1656/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29817,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1656/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29816,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1656/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29815,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1656/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County","otherGeospatial":"Edison-Maricopa area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.589,\n 34.876\n ],\n [\n -118.589,\n 35.458\n ],\n [\n -119.5,\n 35.458\n ],\n [\n -119.5,\n 34.876\n ],\n [\n -118.589,\n 34.876\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685f6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Perry Rowley","contributorId":10787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"Rowley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dale, R. H.","contributorId":98711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2595,"text":"wsp1756 - 1964 - Ground-water resources of southern New Castle County, Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp1756","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1756","title":"Ground-water resources of southern New Castle County, Delaware","docAbstract":"Southern New Castle County has a land area of 190 square miles in northcentral Delaware. It is predominantly a rural area with a population of about 9,500 people who are engaged chiefly in agriculture. By and large, the residents are dependent upon ground water as a source of potable water. This investigation was made to provide knowledge of the availability and quality of .the ground-water supply to aid future development. \r\n\r\nThe climate, surface features, and geology of the area are favorable for the occurrence of ground water. Temperatures are generally mild and precipitation is normally abundant and fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. The topography of the area is relatively fiat and, hence, the streams have low gradients. The surface is underlain to a considerable depth by highly permeable unconsolidated sediments that range in age from Early Cretaceous to Recent. Nearly all the subsurface stratigraphic units yield some water to wells, but only four parts or combinations of these units are sufficiently permeable, to yield large supplies. These are, from oldest to youngest, the nonmarine Cretaceous sediments and the Magothy Formation, the Monmouth Group, the Rancocas Formation, and .the surficial terrace and valley-fill deposits. In the northern part of the area the nonmarine Cretaceous sediments and the Magothy Formation can be reached economically by wells. Yields in excess of 300 gpm (gallons per minute) have been obtained from wells screened in this aquifer, but the maximum productivity of the aquifer has not been .tested. The Monmouth Group is used as a source of water in the central part of the area, where some wells yield as much as 125 gpm. The Rancocas Formation is the principal aquifer in the southern part of the area. Yields of 200-400 gpm can be expected from this aquifer, owing to its uniformly coarse texture, particularly in the upper part of the formation. The terrace deposits compose the shallow watertable aquifer throughout the area. In places the water-table aquifer is connected hydraulically to each of .the other three aquifers. The yields of wells tapping this aquifer are generally small, because the saturated thickness of the aquifer is small. The aquifer does provide a convenient and economical source of water for domestic supplies, .and the quality o# the available water supply is generally satisfactory for most purposes. \r\n\r\nThe use of water in the area was estimated to be about 1.77 million gallons per day in 1959. Rural uses amounted to about 75 percent of the total, and municipal and industrial uses accounted for .the remainder. Water for irrigation of crops constituted about half of the water pumped for rural use. The total use of ground water in the area is a mere fraction of the supply available. Each of the four major aquifers is capable of vastly increased production. Future development, however, will be .limited by the changes in the quality of the water resulting from the future pumping regime-and the expanded pattern of development. Salt-water encroachment will become a problem in the eastern part of the area if steps are not taken to avoid it.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1756","usgsCitation":"Rima, D.R., Coskery, O.J., and Anderson, P., 1964, Ground-water resources of southern New Castle County, Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1756, v, 54 p. :maps, diagrs., tables. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1756.","productDescription":"v, 54 p. :maps, diagrs., tables. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1756/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28873,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1756/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28874,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1756/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28875,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1756/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d4f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rima, Donald Robert","contributorId":99535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rima","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coskery, O. J.","contributorId":8440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coskery","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, P.W.","contributorId":48539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2871,"text":"wsp1779I - 1964 - Ground water in the Sandpoint region, Bonner County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"wsp1779I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"I","title":"Ground water in the Sandpoint region, Bonner County, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Printing Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779I","usgsCitation":"Walker, E.H., 1964, Ground water in the Sandpoint region, Bonner County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, 29 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779I.","productDescription":"29 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779i/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29488,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779i/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29489,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d875","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, Eugene H.","contributorId":24761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13,"text":"wsp1739 - 1964 - Compilation of records of surface waters of Hawaii, July 1950 to June 1960","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp1739","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1739","title":"Compilation of records of surface waters of Hawaii, July 1950 to June 1960","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1739","usgsCitation":"Hendricks, E.L., 1964, Compilation of records of surface waters of Hawaii, July 1950 to June 1960: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1739, vii, 136 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1739.","productDescription":"vii, 136 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1739/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24612,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1739/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24613,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1739/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24614,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1739/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24615,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1739/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24616,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1739/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24617,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1739/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a9087","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendricks, E. L.","contributorId":50126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":975,"text":"wsp1653 - 1964 - Ground-water resources of the lower Rio Grande Valley area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T11:21:21","indexId":"wsp1653","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1653","title":"Ground-water resources of the lower Rio Grande Valley area, Texas","docAbstract":"

The report contains information about the occurrence, quality, and use of ground water in the Lower Rio Grande Valley area which consists of Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, and Willacy Counties in southern Texas.

\n

The principal use of water in the area is for irrigation. The principal irrigated crops are cotton, winter vegetables, and citrus fruits. In southeastern Starr County, southern Hidalgo County, and western Cameron County, the main source of water is the Rio Grande. The greatest development of ground water in this area was after 1948 when ground water was needed to supplement water from the river.

\n

The Lower Rio Grande Valley area has four major ground-water reservoirs. Because of the uncertainty in mapping the stratigraphic units and because some of the ground-water reservoirs are composed of parts of two or more formations, three of the ground-water reservoirs have been given names in this report. The major ground-water reservoirs are: the Oakville sandstone, an important source of water for industrial use in northeastern Stair County; the Linn-Faysville ground-water reservoir, which supplies irrigation water in the Linn-Faysville area in central Hidalgo County; and the Rio Grande ground-water reservoir and the Mercedes-Sebastian shallow ground-water reservoir, both of which supply considerable irrigation water in southeastern Starr, southern Hidalgo, western Cameron, and southwestern Willacy Counties.

\n

The quality of water differs considerably from place to place in the Lower Rio Grande Valley area. In most of the area, water is available that can be used for domestic or public supply, but it generally is slightly saline. In most of the area, the ground water is unsuitable for irrigation .particularly if used exclusively. Water of the best quality in the area is from the Rio Grande groundwater reservoir near the Rio Grande at depths of less than 75 feet in southeastern Stair County, between 50 and 250 feet in southern Hidalgo County, and between 100 and 300 feet in western Cameron County. At progressively greater distances from the Rio Grande, the ground water at these depths tends to be more mineralized. Also at some places at depths greater than those indicated, the water tends to be more mineralized. In the Linn-Faysville area the ground water from the Linn-Faysville ground-water reservoir is moderately mineralized and ranges from fair to unsuitable for irrigation.

\n

In western Cameron County, water levels in some wells tapping the Rio Grande ground-water reservoir declined about 10 feet from 1954 to 1957. In 1959 the water levels stood higher than in 1954. The water levels in most wells tapping the Linn-Faysville ground-water reservoir declined 10 feet or more from 1948 to 1958. In some wells the decline was more than 15 feet.

\n

The available information indicates that in some localities the Rio Grande ground-water reservoir may be nearly filled to capacity, and waterlogging will occur during periods of above-normal precipitation. During protracted periods of below-normal precipitation, the available water in the ground-water reservoir may be depleted.

\n

Further studies should be made in the area to correct important deficiencies in available information. A continuing program is recommended because information such as fluctuations in water levels and the amount and distribution of pumping can be obtained only on a current basis.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1653","usgsCitation":"Baker, R.C., and Dale, O., 1964, Ground-water resources of the lower Rio Grande Valley area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1653, Report: v, 56 p.; 5 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1653.","productDescription":"Report: v, 56 p.; 5 Plates","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":25537,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1653/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1653/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25532,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1653/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25533,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1653/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25534,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1653/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25535,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1653/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25536,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1653/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cde4b07f02db54492c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, R. C.","contributorId":79084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dale, O.C.","contributorId":28583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"O.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2780,"text":"wsp1657 - 1964 - Hydrogeology of northwestern Nassau and northeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"wsp1657","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1657","title":"Hydrogeology of northwestern Nassau and northeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"A detailed investigation of the geology and ground-water occurrence in northwestern Nassau and northeastern Queens Counties, N.Y., has been completed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works and the New York State Water Resources Commission. The area, about 63 square miles, includes the peninsulas of Great Neck and Manhasset Neck and the western part of Nassau County as far south as Garden City. Unconsolidated sediments of Pleistocene and Cretaceous aged 200 to 800 feet thick, constitute the ground-water reservoir of the area. The reservoir includes three discrete aquifers, not all found in the same locality, which transect geologic boundaries. The shallow unconfined aquifer consists of those permeable Pleistocene and Cretaceous deposits that lie within the upper part of the zone of saturation, which extends from slightly below sea level to more than 110 feet above sea level. It is an abundant source of water in much of the area, particularly in the southern part, where the aquifer consists of coarse sand and gravel in a glacial-outwash plain. The intermediate or principal aquifer consists largely of that part of the Magothy(?) formation that occurs from about 50 feet below sea level downward to the top of the clay member of the Raritan formation. Locally, however, the aquifer includes Pleistocene deposits which blanket the Magothy(?) formation or lie in channels cut into it. Although the principal aquifer has limited extent to the north, it is the chief source of water in most of the area, except the peninsulas. The lower or deep confined aquifer is found beneath the entire project area, and consists of the Lloyd sand member of the Raritan formation and the hydraulically contiguous Jameco gravel. The lower limit of the aquifer is the bedrock surface; its upper limit is defined by the overlying clay member of the Raritan formation and the Gardiners clay, the latter abutting against the clay member on the north or, in some valleys and embankments, lying directly upon the clay member. Thus, hydraulic continuity exists between the Lloyd sand member of the Raritan formation (Cretaceous) and the Jameco gravel (Pleistocene) in the northern part of Manhasset and Great Necks. The two contiguous clay bodies overlying the aquifer, the clay member of the Raritan formation and the Gardiners clay, form an effective confining bed which probably extends beyond the shore lines of the project area. The deep confined aquifer is particularly important on Manhasset and Great Necks where locally it is the only source of water available for large public-supply or industrial needs. In general, ground-water supplies in sufficient quantity and of excellent quality can be obtained from the three aquifers underlying northwestern Nassau and northeastern Queens Counties, N.Y. Ground-water withdrawals for public supply have increased with population growth and expanded use from an average of about 10 millions of gallons per day in 1940 to 30 mgd in 1957. In addition, about 10 mgd are pumped for various industrial, institutional and private uses. Much of the water pumped by industry is returned to the ground by diffusion wells and recharge basins. However, an increasing amount of water is lost from the ground-water reservoir due to the expanding network of server systems discharging directly to the sea. \r\n\r\nIn the Manhasset Neck and Great Neck areas, ground-water resources are approaching full development in terms of the total available supply, if such development has not been reached already (1959). The chief limiting factor to further expansion lies in the geometry of the aquifers and the reduced thickness of permeable saturated sediments. In the northern part of both peninsulas, the ground-water reservoir is only about 200 to 400 feet thick, and, locally, as much as 75 percent of the strata in the reservoir consists of rather impermeable silt and clay of the Raritan formation or the Gardiners clay. I","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1657","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, W.V., 1964, Hydrogeology of northwestern Nassau and northeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1657, v, 90 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm. +, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1657.","productDescription":"v, 90 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm. +","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110002,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24849.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24849"},{"id":138745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29236,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29237,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29238,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29239,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29240,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29241,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29242,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29243,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29244,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29245,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29246,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29247,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29248,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29249,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1657/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db624617","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Wolfgang V.","contributorId":30213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Wolfgang","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32751,"text":"pp402E - 1964 - Turbulence in ground-water flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:10","indexId":"pp402E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"402","chapter":"E","title":"Turbulence in ground-water flow","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp402E","usgsCitation":"Smith, W.O., and Sayre, A., 1964, Turbulence in ground-water flow: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 402, p. E1-E9, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp402E.","productDescription":"p. E1-E9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0402e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60686,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0402e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6976a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, W. O.","contributorId":53015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sayre, A.N.","contributorId":84339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210484,"text":"70210484 - 1964 - Blood parasites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T18:18:35.918821","indexId":"70210484","displayToPublicDate":"1965-06-17T13:16:33","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Blood parasites","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl tomorrow","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Fallis, A.M., and Trainer, D.O., 1964, Blood parasites, chap. of Waterfowl tomorrow, p. 343-348.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"348","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":375366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fallis, A. Murray","contributorId":225103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fallis","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Murray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trainer, Daniel O. Jr.","contributorId":225104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trainer","given":"Daniel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70106994,"text":"70106994 - 1964 - Surface water records of Indiana, 1964","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-02T06:05:17","indexId":"70106994","displayToPublicDate":"1965-01-01T13:50:14","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Surface water records of Indiana, 1964","docAbstract":"

The surface-water records for the 1964 water year for gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites within the State of Indiana are given in this report. For convenience there are also included records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, under the direction of Malcolm D. Hale, district engineer, Surface Water Branch.

\n
\n

This report marks the beginning of a new method of presenting, annually, basic data on surface-water records by States. Through September 30, 1960, the records of discharge and stage of streams and contents and stage of lakes or reservoirs were published in an annual series of U.S. Geological Survey water-supply papers entitled \"Surface Water Supply of the United States.\" Since 1951 there have been 20 volumes in the series; each volume covered an area whose boundaries coincided with those of certain natural drainage areas. The records in Indiana were contained in Parts 3A, 4 and 5 of that series.

\n
\n

Beginning with the 1961 water year, streamflow records and related data will be released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State-boundary basis. Distribution of these basic-data reports will be limited and primarily for local needs. The records later will be published in Geological Survey water-supply papers at 5-year intervals. These 5-year water-supply papers will show daily discharge and will be compiled on the same geographical areas previously used for the annual series; however, some of the 14 parts of coterminous United States will be further subdivided.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/70106994","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Commission; State Department of Conservation, Division of Water Resources; State Highway Commission; State Board of Health; Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1964, Surface water records of Indiana, 1964, vii, 208 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70106994.","productDescription":"vii, 208 p.","numberOfPages":"218","temporalStart":"1963-10-01","temporalEnd":"1964-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287925,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70106994/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537b2808e4b0929ba496abc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207358,"text":"70207358 - 1964 - Hidden Recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-18T10:56:54","indexId":"70207358","displayToPublicDate":"1964-10-31T10:53:38","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hidden Recharge","docAbstract":"

“Hidden recharge” is defined as subsurface percolation of water from basin‐margin mountains directly into aquifers of the valley basins. It is an important, and sometimes neglected, item in hydrologic equations. Locally, geologic conditions permit inter‐basin circulation of ground water. The concept that ground‐water basins necessarily terminate at the contact between alluvium and hardrock is not tenable. Copyright © 1964, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01780.x","issn":" 0017467X","usgsCitation":"Feth, J.H., 1964, Hidden Recharge: Ground Water, v. 2, no. 4, p. 14-17 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01780.x.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"14","endPage":"17 ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feth, J. H.","contributorId":50495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feth","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221177,"text":"70221177 - 1964 - Geohydrologic analogies between the Jordan Valleys of Utah and the holy land","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T17:05:35.301848","indexId":"70221177","displayToPublicDate":"1964-09-01T12:01:39","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5334,"text":"International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin ","onlineIssn":"2150-3435","printIssn":"0262-6667","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geohydrologic analogies between the Jordan Valleys of Utah and the holy land","docAbstract":"

The biblical Jordan River Valley, which extends from Lake Tiberias (the Sea of Galilee) to the Dead Sea, is decidedly similar to the Jordan River Valley of Utah, which joins Lake Utah and Great Salt Lake. Both Jordan Rivers drain relatively large fresh-water lakes and also are major sources of discharge into large salty lakes that have no outlets to the ocean.The two Jordan River valleys and the highlands and mountains that surround them, have many physiographic, geologic, and hydrologic similarities as well as some noteworthy differences. For example, an hypothesis for the formation of the Dead Sea-Jordan Valley rift is that the east Jordan block slid northward with respect to the west Jordan block. The amount of displacement is estimated to be about 65 miles and took place partly in Miocene and possible Pliocène and partly in Pleistocene time. Tectonc activity has also been a major factor in the formation of the Jordan valley of Utah, but the movement here probably was along large normal faults in late Tertiary and Quaternary time. The sediments underlying both Jordan River valleys were deposited in ancestral lacustrine and fluvial environments. Abundant supplies of ground water are found under both valleys, but probably larger supplies of better quality water can be obtained in Utah. Both valleys contain numerous small nonthermal and a few large thermal springs. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626666409493666","usgsCitation":"Bradley, E., 1964, Geohydrologic analogies between the Jordan Valleys of Utah and the holy land: International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin , v. 9, no. 3, p. 12-23, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666409493666.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666409493666","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 37.07271048132943\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -109.1162109375,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Edward","contributorId":67071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221902,"text":"70221902 - 1964 - Deep geothermal brine near Salton Sea, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-14T12:29:50.126423","indexId":"70221902","displayToPublicDate":"1964-07-14T07:27:05","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1093,"text":"Bulletin Volcanologique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep geothermal brine near Salton Sea, California","docAbstract":"

A well drilled for geothermal power near Salton Sea in Imperial Valley, Calif., is 5,232 feet deep; it is the deepest well in the world (1962) in a high-temperature hot spring area. In the lower half of the hole temperatures are too high to measure with available equipment, but are at loast 270°C, and may be as much as 370°C. For comparison, maximum temperature heretofore reported at depth (1962) for hot spring areas is 295°C.

The well taps a very saline brine of Na-Ca-K-Cl type (about 185,000 ppm Cl) with exceptionally high potassium, and with the highest content of minor alkali elements known for natural waters; Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag, and some other metals are also exceptionally high. This brine may be connate, but present evidence favors a source in the magma chamber at depth that supplied late Quaternary rhyolite domes of the area. If the latter is correct, the brine is an undiluted magmatic water that is residual from the separation of a more volatile phase high in CO2, H2S, and with some alkali halides. Elsewhere, the hypothesized volatile phase may account for near-surface hot spring activity of most thermal areas of volcanic association. The residual brine of high salinity may ordinarily remain relatively deep in the volcanic systems because of high specific gravity and low content of volatiles, seldom appearing at the surface except in a greatly diluted form.

The hot springs of Arima, Japan, may be a rare example of this type of magmatic water discharging at the surface in moderate concentration (Cl as much as 42,000 ppm). Independent evidence from fluid inclusions in minerals of high-temperature base-metal deposits also favors the existence of magmatic water high in Na, Ca, and Cl, and low in CO2 and other volatile components.

During a three-month production test several tons of material precipitated in the horizontal discharge pipe from the well. Amorphous silica with iron and manganese, and bornite are the dominant recognized components. This material contains the astonishingly high contents of about 20 percent copper, 2 percent silver, and notable sulfur, arsenic, bismuth, lead, antimony, and some other minor elements. Total quantities of all elements in the original whole brine are not yet known, but calculated amounts corresponding to 1 to 3 ppm of copper and 0.1 to 0.3 ppm of silver were precipitated from the brine to form the pipe deposits. The brine, therefore, may be man’s first sample of an « active » ore solution.

Equally fascinating to many geologists is the possibility that in the lower part of the hole temperatures are so high and pressures are sufficient for young sedimentary rocks to be undergoing transformation into rocks with mineral assemblages of the greenschist facies of metamorphism. Drill cores from 4,400 to 5,000 feet in depth contain chlorite, albite, K-feldspar, epidote, mica, and quartz, with some indication of increase in metamorphic grade downward. Regional geological and geophysical studies favor a depth of about 20,000 feet to pre-Tertiary basement rocks in the general area. A shallow basement or local upfaulting of old metamorphic rocks are not likely possibilities for the thermal area.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02597534","usgsCitation":"White, D.E., 1964, Deep geothermal brine near Salton Sea, California: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 27, p. 369-370, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02597534.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"370","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Salton Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.16668701171875,\n 33.07082934859187\n ],\n [\n -115.55145263671876,\n 33.07082934859187\n ],\n [\n -115.55145263671876,\n 33.58259116393916\n ],\n [\n -116.16668701171875,\n 33.58259116393916\n ],\n [\n -116.16668701171875,\n 33.07082934859187\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald E.","contributorId":76787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221820,"text":"70221820 - 1964 - Oriented lakes and lineaments of northeastern Bolivia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-08T13:06:47.424467","indexId":"70221820","displayToPublicDate":"1964-07-08T08:04:27","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oriented lakes and lineaments of northeastern Bolivia","docAbstract":"

Strongly oriented lineaments, defined by lake shores and stream and vegetation alignments, are distributed throughout more than 45,000 square miles of the Beni basin in northeastern Bolivia. The area in which these features occur is a flat, poorly drained, lake-studded plain. It is underlain by flat-lying, poorly consolidated, continental clastic sediments of Late Cenozoic age which, in turn, overlie crystalline basement. To the west the basin sediments abut abruptly against the folded and faulted Andean foothills and to the east they gradually overlap gently rolling crystalline outcrops of the Brazilian Shield.

The main lineaments within the basin show preferred orientations perpendicular to each other in northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest directions. These two preferred directions of lineament orientation occur in sediments that extend from the margin of the Brazilian Shield westward 200 miles to where the basin sediments are 10,000 feet thick. Two poorly developed sets of lineaments that trend roughly north-south and east-west are also present within the basin.

Most lakes are strongly rectilinear in outline with shores that commonly trend northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest. They range in size from about 1000 feet square to 5.4 by 12.4 miles. Only a few lakes have streams draining into or out of them. Those that have been studied on the ground are shallow with relatively flat bottoms and abrupt steep sides. The water surfaces are almost level with the surrounding flat terrain.

The two major northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest trends are probably controlled by a regionally oriented system of longitudinal and cross fractures in the crystalline basement; the poorly developed north-south and east-west sets of lineaments may reflect basement “shear” fractures. The oriented lakes and many of the major northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest-trending lineaments occupy shallow surficial subsidences that appear to form by progressive downfaulting of basement blocks or differential compaction of uncon-solidated deposits over basement blocks. The minor north-south and east-west sets and some of the northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest-trending stream and vegetation lineaments may reflect individual fractures in the underlying basement rather than areal subsidence over basement blocks. The youthful appearance of some oriented features indicates that they are probably forming at the present.

Because of the unique environment of the Beni basin, where alluvial deposits are accumulating over a relatively stable shield margin in an area of flat terrain and high water table, many of the subtle surficial depressions are clearly visible as lakes with orthogonally oriented shore lines. Lakes of comparable size, shape, and degree of orientation are known to occur elsewhere only in the Old Crow Plain area of Canada.

It is postulated that prelithification fractures, such as those in the Beni basin, must play a significant role during compaction, jointing, faulting, and folding of sedimentary sequences. Criteria are needed to distinguish between fracture trends that are inherited from basement rocks, and those formed by postdepositional deformation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[503:OLALON]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., 1964, Oriented lakes and lineaments of northeastern Bolivia: GSA Bulletin, v. 75, no. 6, p. 503-522, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[503:OLALON]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"522","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Bolivia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-62.84647,-22.03499],[-63.98684,-21.99364],[-64.37702,-22.79809],[-64.96489,-22.07586],[-66.27334,-21.83231],[-67.10667,-22.73592],[-67.82818,-22.87292],[-68.21991,-21.49435],[-68.75717,-20.37266],[-68.44223,-19.40507],[-68.96682,-18.98168],[-69.10025,-18.26013],[-69.59042,-17.58001],[-68.95964,-16.5007],[-69.38976,-15.66013],[-69.16035,-15.32397],[-69.33953,-14.9532],[-68.94889,-14.45364],[-68.92922,-13.60268],[-68.88008,-12.89973],[-68.66508,-12.5613],[-69.52968,-10.95173],[-68.78616,-11.03638],[-68.27125,-11.01452],[-68.04819,-10.71206],[-67.1738,-10.30681],[-66.64691,-9.93133],[-65.33844,-9.76199],[-65.44484,-10.51145],[-65.3219,-10.89587],[-65.40228,-11.56627],[-64.31635,-12.46198],[-63.1965,-12.62703],[-62.80306,-13.00065],[-62.12708,-13.19878],[-61.7132,-13.4892],[-61.08412,-13.47938],[-60.5033,-13.77595],[-60.4592,-14.35401],[-60.26433,-14.64598],[-60.25115,-15.07722],[-60.54297,-15.09391],[-60.15839,-16.25828],[-58.24122,-16.29957],[-58.38806,-16.87711],[-58.2808,-17.27171],[-57.73456,-17.55247],[-57.49837,-18.17419],[-57.67601,-18.96184],[-57.95,-19.4],[-57.8538,-19.97],[-58.16639,-20.1767],[-58.18347,-19.8684],[-59.11504,-19.35691],[-60.04356,-19.34275],[-61.78633,-19.63374],[-62.26596,-20.51373],[-62.29118,-21.05163],[-62.68506,-22.24903],[-62.84647,-22.03499]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bolivia\"}}]}","volume":"75","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221127,"text":"70221127 - 1964 - Thorne Cave, northeastern Utah: Geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T18:04:40.98501","indexId":"70221127","displayToPublicDate":"1964-07-01T12:59:57","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":700,"text":"American Antiquity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thorne Cave, northeastern Utah: Geology","docAbstract":"

Geologic interest in Thorne Cave stems from its link with valley alluvium along Cliff Creek, which accumulated to a height of 48 ft., continued to build up another 13 ft. while men lived here, and then reached 30 ft. higher-sealing in the signs of man. Mineralogic study shows that ground water then circulated through the cave deposits for a considerable time. The alluvium is correlated with the lower part of the Tsegi Formation of the Navajo country. Cutting of a terrace at mid-depth in the valley alluvium reopened Thorne Cave, probably before the Christian era, and desert varnish then began to form on the cave brow. Radiocarbon dates from presumably correlative deposits suggest that the cave debris is about 4000 years old-a conclusion consistent with dates of 4230 and 4170 years from Thorne Cave. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.2307/277631","usgsCitation":"Malde, H.E., and Schick, A.P., 1964, Thorne Cave, northeastern Utah: Geology: American Antiquity, v. 30, no. 1, p. 60-73, https://doi.org/10.2307/277631.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"73","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"northeastern Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.04931640624999,\n 40.34654412118006\n ],\n [\n -111.04980468749999,\n 40.34654412118006\n ],\n [\n -111.04980468749999,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -113.04931640624999,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -113.04931640624999,\n 40.34654412118006\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malde, Harold E.","contributorId":45706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malde","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schick, Asher P.","contributorId":259205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schick","given":"Asher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175880,"text":"70175880 - 1964 - Operation and maintenance of US BM-54 bed material sampler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:01:20","indexId":"70175880","displayToPublicDate":"1964-06-16T14:15:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":66,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"M","title":"Operation and maintenance of US BM-54 bed material sampler","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J.V., and Colby, V., 1964, Operation and maintenance of US BM-54 bed material sampler: Report M, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82de1e4b03fd6b7da3977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, J. V.","contributorId":32504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colby, V.C.","contributorId":168886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colby","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221128,"text":"70221128 - 1964 - Mineral paragenesis and zoning in the central Kentucky mineral district","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T18:11:12.711498","indexId":"70221128","displayToPublicDate":"1964-06-01T13:06:11","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral paragenesis and zoning in the central Kentucky mineral district","docAbstract":"

The Central Kentucky mineral district occupies the greater part of the Blue Grass lowland of Kentucky, which lies astride the Lexington dome and the Cincinnati arch. The oldest exposed rocks of the mineralized area are limestones of Middle Ordovician age. The paragenesis throughout the district is constant and traceable, although the relative abundance of minerals varies from vein to vein. The mineral association, areal distribution of the ore minerals, and comparison with other epithermal deposits indicate that the Central Kentucky veins are epithermal. The ore deposits have a district-wide lateral zoning in a concentric pattern. Near the middle of the district, and within the Lexington dome, are two centers of fluorite-calcite-dark sphalerite veins that form Zone 1. Surrounding these centers is a much larger Zone 2 in which nearly all the veins contain fluorite, barite, calcite, and two-colored (yellow-black) sphalerite. Galena is absent or present in very minute quantities in Zones 1 and 2. In Zone 3, which surrounds Zone 2, barite, galena, and bright-colored sphalerite are the principal minerals. Fluorite is absent, or present only in traces. Textures of the mineral veins change from bands of coarse comb crystals in Zone 1 to mostly colloform bands in the outer zones. Structural control of the ore is related to faults and fractures transecting the collapsed Lexington dome and is an important factor in the distribution of mineral veins. The district has many of the mineralogic, zonal, and structural features of the Central Tennessee, Kentucky-Illinois, and Pennine, England, mineral districts, which suggest that the origins of these districts were similar. The ores in the Central Kentucky district were probably deposited from ascending thermal solutions of slightly lower temperatures than those that formed the deposits in the Kentucky-Illinois district. The solutions are believed to have been derived from a deepseated magmatic source centered beneath the Lexington dome, but they may have been greatly diluted by ground waters within the dome. The innermost zone probably is nearest to the emanative centers.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.59.4.596","usgsCitation":"Jolly, J.L., and Heyl, A.V., 1964, Mineral paragenesis and zoning in the central Kentucky mineral district: Economic Geology, v. 59, no. 4, p. 596-624, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.59.4.596.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"596","endPage":"624","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"central Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.77001953125,\n 36.90597988519294\n ],\n [\n -83.111572265625,\n 36.90597988519294\n ],\n [\n -83.111572265625,\n 37.74465712069939\n ],\n [\n -86.77001953125,\n 37.74465712069939\n ],\n [\n -86.77001953125,\n 36.90597988519294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1964-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jolly, J. L.","contributorId":89200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolly","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heyl, A. V.","contributorId":70032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heyl","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221179,"text":"70221179 - 1964 - The father of modern ground water hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T17:17:06.636524","indexId":"70221179","displayToPublicDate":"1964-04-01T12:14:32","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The father of modern ground water hydrology","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01749.x","usgsCitation":"Hackett, O.M., 1964, The father of modern ground water hydrology: Groundwater, v. 2, no. 2, p. 2-5, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01749.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackett, O. M.","contributorId":38527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackett","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209010,"text":"70209010 - 1964 - Waterfowl in the Canadian breadbasket","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T12:10:01","indexId":"70209010","displayToPublicDate":"1964-03-11T11:58:48","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Waterfowl in the Canadian breadbasket","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl Tomorrow","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior ","usgsCitation":"Paynter, E.L., and Stephen, W., 1964, Waterfowl in the Canadian breadbasket, chap. of Waterfowl Tomorrow, p. 409-416.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"416","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paynter, Ernest L.","contributorId":223205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paynter","given":"Ernest","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephen, W.J.D.","contributorId":223206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephen","given":"W.J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}