Fault-bounded successions of pre-Carboniferous (meta)carbonate rocks occur throughout northern Alaska. Successions studied in detail are those in the York Mountains (Seward Peninsula), the western and eastern Baird Mountains (western Brooks Range), the Snowden Mountain area (central Brooks Range), and the Sublik and Sadlerochit Mountains (eastern Brooks range); they are correlated on the basis of the lithofacies and conodont biostratigraphy. Available lithologic and biogeographic data are best explained by postulating that these successions accumulated on a single continental margin or platform that had faunal exchange with both Siberia and North America, rather than on a series of discrete platforms juxtaposed by later tectonic events.
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Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:23:56","indexId":"70187780","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Deep-water facies of the Lisburne Group, west-central Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"Deep-water lithofacies of the Lisburne Group (chiefly Carboniferous) occur in thurst sheets in the western part of the foreland fold-and-thrust belt of the Brooks Range and represent at least three discrete units. The Kuna Formation (Brooks Range allochthon) consists mostly of spiculitic mudstone and lesser shale; subordinate carbonate layers are chiefly diagenetic dolomite. The Akmalik Chert (Picnic Creek allochthon) is mostly radiolarian-spiculitic chert; rare limy beds are calcitized radiolarite. The Rim Butte unit (Ipnavik river allochthon) consists chiefly of calcareous turbidites, derived from shallow- and deep-water sources, interbedded with spiculitic mudstone. Much of the material in the turbidites came from a contemporaneous carbonate platform and margin, but some fossils and lithic clasts were eroded from older, already lithified carbonate-platform rocks. All three units appear to be roughly coeval in the Howard Pass area and are chiefly late Tournaisian and early Viséan (late Early Mississippian) in age.
Shallow-water lithofacies of the Lisburne Group exposed in the Howard Pass area (Brooks Range allochthon) are mostly of Viséan and younger (Late Mississippian) age. Thus, these carbonate-platform rocks were not the source of the calcareous turbidites in the Rim Butte unit. Rim Butte turbidites could have been derived from older carbonate-platform rocks such as the Utukok Formation of Tournaisian age (Kelly River allochthon) exposed mainly to the west of the Howard Pass quadrangle.
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G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Jeanine M. jschmidt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeanine","email":"jschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222878,"text":"5222878 - 1992 - Annual survival rates of adult and immature eastern population tundra swans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-02T17:39:00.786106","indexId":"5222878","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal 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These swans were resighted and recaptured during autumn, winter, and spring, 1966-1990. Although the original motivation for this study involved swan movements, we wanted to use the resulting data to test hypotheses about sources of variation in swan survival rates. Recaptures of legbanded and neckbanded swans permitted us to estimate neckband loss rates, which were found to vary with age and sex of swans, and number of years since initial application. Estimates of annual neckband retention rate ranged from about 0.50 for adult male swans ≥ 2 years after initial neckbanding to > 0.96 for immature swans and adult females the first year following neckbanding. This variation in neckband loss rates prevented the simple correction of survival estimates to account for such loss. Consequently, we developed a series of multinomial models parameterized with survival, sighting, and neckband retention probabilities for use with the recapture and resighting data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808863","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Bart, J., Limpert, R.J., Sladen, W.J., and Hines, J., 1992, Annual survival rates of adult and immature eastern population tundra swans: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 56, no. 3, p. 485-494, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808863.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"494","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196253,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, Maryland, North 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\"}}]}","volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bb5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bart, J.","contributorId":76272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Limpert, Roland J.","contributorId":30314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limpert","given":"Roland","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sladen, William J.L.","contributorId":85676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sladen","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70180677,"text":"70180677 - 1992 - Identification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus isolated from Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus in Prince William Sound Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T12:59:51","indexId":"70180677","displayToPublicDate":"1992-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus isolated from Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus in Prince William Sound Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"Ulcerative slun tissues from 2 Pacific cod Gadus rnacrocephalus caught in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, were examined for virus by Fish Pathology staff within the F.R.E.D. Division of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Six days after inoculation of Epitheliorna papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells at 14\"C, diffuse rounding and lifting of cells from the monolayers suggestive of cytopathlc effect became visible in the lower sample dilutions. Ultrastructural examinations of affected EPC cells showed rhabdovirus particles within cytoplasmic vacuoles and on the cell surface membranes. Virus isolates from both cod were subsequently confirmed as viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) by serum neutralizabon and immunoblot assay. This is the first VHSV isolated from Pacific cod, which represents a new host species for the virus. Histologically, cod skin ulcers appeared to be caused by a foreign-body-type inflammatory response to foci of protozoa resembling X cells that also had plasmodial stages. Whether the rhabdovirus was incidental to the slun lesion or played a role in its etiology remains to be determined. The possible relationship between thls virus and the recent occurrences of VHSV in anadromous salmoruds from Washington State, USA, is discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","usgsCitation":"Meyers, T., Sullivan, J., Emmenegger, E., Follett, J., Short, S., Batts, W., and Winton, J., 1992, Identification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus isolated from Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus in Prince William Sound Alaska, USA: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 12, p. 167-175.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0bce4b072a7ac129970","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyers, T.R.","contributorId":108283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, J.","contributorId":178997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emmenegger, E.","contributorId":34324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Follett, J.","contributorId":178998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Follett","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Short, S.","contributorId":178921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Short","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Batts, W.N. 0000-0002-6469-9004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-9004","contributorId":51043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70017015,"text":"70017015 - 1992 - A mid-Permian chert event: Widespread deposition of biogenic siliceous sediments in coastal, island arc and oceanic basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-05T16:01:35.059272","indexId":"70017015","displayToPublicDate":"1992-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mid-Permian chert event: Widespread deposition of biogenic siliceous sediments in coastal, island arc and oceanic basins","docAbstract":"Radiolarian and conodont of Permian siliceous rocks from twenty-three areas in teh the circum-Pacific and Mediterranean regions reveal a widespread Permian Chert Event during the middle Leonardian to Wordian. Radiolarian- and (or) sponge spicule-rich siliceous sediments accumulated beneath high productivity zones in coastal, island arc and oceanic basins. Most of these deposits now crop out in fault-bounded accreted terranes.
Biogenic siliceous sediments did not accumulate in terranes lying beneath infertile waters including the marine sequences in terranes of northern and central Alaska. The Permian Chert Event is coeval with major phosphorite deposition along the western margin of Pangea (Phosphoria Formation and related deposits).
A well-known analogue for this event is middle Miocene deposition of biogenic siliceous sediments beneath high productivity zones in many parts of the Pacific and concurrent deposition of phosphatic as well as siliceous sediments in basins along the coast of California. Interrelated factors associated with both the Miocene and Permian depositional events include plate reorientations, small sea-level rises and cool polar waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(92)90066-E","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Murchey, B., and Jones, D.L., 1992, A mid-Permian chert event: Widespread deposition of biogenic siliceous sediments in coastal, island arc and oceanic basins: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 96, no. 1-2, p. 161-174, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(92)90066-E.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"174","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224718,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"western North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.11128874312945,\n 61.48654906538928\n ],\n [\n -127.89003062973802,\n 47.2129760530019\n ],\n [\n -124.30029630904,\n 35.53986438617828\n ],\n [\n -116.2828311946877,\n 36.402478863061845\n ],\n [\n -124.14070247933498,\n 55.33141047714233\n ],\n [\n -137.39559983459213,\n 60.95599148865064\n ],\n [\n -148.11128874312945,\n 61.48654906538928\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e463e4b0c8380cd4661f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murchey, B.L.","contributorId":93074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70217334,"text":"70217334 - 1992 - Application of continuum models to deformation of the Aleutian Island Arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-15T21:56:32.341774","indexId":"70217334","displayToPublicDate":"1992-04-10T15:52:42","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of continuum models to deformation of the Aleutian Island Arc","docAbstract":"Continuum models were constructed to describe large‐scale deformation of the Aleutian Island Arc over the past 5 m.y. These models consider the island arc as a continuum in the horizontal plane with the velocity boundary condition at the Pacific edge stated as a fraction of Pacific plate convergence transferred to the arc. First, a simple model of uniformly distributed strain is formulated to illustrate the mechanics of continuous deformation. Lineaments along the arc massif rotated about a vertical axis are matched by small‐element rotation calculated from the model. However, this model does not predict across‐arc variations in deformation and produces an unrealistic amount of crustal thickening after 5 m.y. A physically more meaningful model of deformation is the thin viscous sheet model based on averages of stress and rheology throughout the lithosphere. The amount of motion transferred from the Pacific plate to the arc is constrained by the rotated lineaments, while the effective stress‐strain exponent (n) and the ability the lithosphere has to sustain crustal thickness contrasts (the Argand number) are independent variables. Primarily, bathymetry, earthquake focal mechanisms, and styles of faulting are used to evaluate the models. The preferred model is one where the amount of motion transferred from the Pacific plate is greater in an arc‐parallel direction than in an arc‐normal direction, producing stresses consistent with strike‐slip faulting at the far western end of the arc and tensional stresses consistent with transverse normal faulting elsewhere in the arc massif. This model agrees with observations of slip vectors by Ekström and Engdahl (1989), who conclude that a portion of the arc‐parallel component of relative plate motion is taken up in the overriding plate. This model implies that compressive stress transferred to the arc is small in comparison to along‐arc shear stress and that stresses conducive to strikeslip faulting are prevalent throughout the arc.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91JB02992","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., and Scholl, D.W., 1992, Application of continuum models to deformation of the Aleutian Island Arc: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 97, no. B4, p. 4953-4967, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB02992.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4953","endPage":"4967","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/91jb02992","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Island Arc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.6103515625,\n 56.96893619436121\n ],\n [\n -157.6318359375,\n 58.49369382056807\n ],\n [\n -170.595703125,\n 53.25206880589411\n ],\n [\n -179.033203125,\n 52.348763181988105\n ],\n [\n -178.7255859375,\n 50.958426723359935\n ],\n [\n -174.638671875,\n 51.31688050404585\n ],\n [\n -164.0478515625,\n 53.48804553605622\n ],\n [\n -155.6103515625,\n 56.96893619436121\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210202,"text":"70210202 - 1992 - Thin, low‐velocity crust beneath the southern Yukon‐Tanana Terrane, east central Alaska: Results from Trans‐Alaska crustal transect refraction/wide‐angle reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T17:40:05.764858","indexId":"70210202","displayToPublicDate":"1992-02-10T08:41:13","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thin, low‐velocity crust beneath the southern Yukon‐Tanana Terrane, east central Alaska: Results from Trans‐Alaska crustal transect refraction/wide‐angle reflection data","docAbstract":"A seismic refraction/wide‐angle reflection survey for the Trans‐Alaska Crustal Transect program reveals a thin, reflective crust beneath the southern Yukon‐Tanana terrane (YTT) in east central Alaska. These data are the first detailed refraction survey of the southern YTT and compose a 130‐km‐long reversed profile along the Alaska and Richardson highways. Results from this study indicate that low‐velocity (≤ 6.4 km/s) rocks extend to approximately 27 km in depth. Based on these low velocities and an average Poisson's ratio of 0.23 determined for depths of ≤27 km, an overall silicic composition is interpreted for this portion of the crust beneath the Yukon‐Tanana terrane. From approximately 8 to 27 km depth the crust exhibits an increase in reflectivity. This middle to lower crustal reflectivity is modeled as alternating high‐ and low‐velocity lamellae with an average velocity of 6.1 km/s at 10 km depth to an average velocity of 6.4 km/s at 27 km depth. Beneath these reflective, low‐velocity rocks a 3‐ to 5‐km‐thick, 7.0 km/s basal crustal layer produces a prominent reflection that extends to offsets of up to 280 km. The crust‐mantle boundary, modeled at an average depth of 30 km, produces a variable PmP reflection, which may indicate lateral heterogeneity of this boundary, and a weak and emergent Pn refraction with a velocity of 8.2 km/s. We interpret the crustal section as follows: the low‐velocity rocks of the southern YTT extend from the surface to depths of approximately 10 km; underthrust Mesozoic flysch of the Kahiltna terrane, rocks of the Gravina arc, and basement of the Wrangellia(?) terrane extend from 10 to 27 km depth; a 3‐ to 5‐km‐thick layer of mantle‐derived mafic rocks, relic oceanic crust, or Wrangellia(?) terrane lower crust extends from 27 to approximately 30 km depth; a tectonically young Moho beneath the southern YTT is found at an average depth of 30 km; and it is underlain by a mantle that may be relatively cool and/or olivine rich. In this interpretation, the Yukon‐Tanana terrane is a thin‐skinned terrane. Our results indicate that tectonic, and possibly magmatic, underplating has played a significant role in crustal growth for central Alaska.
Geophysical and regional geologic data provide evidence that parts of the oceanic crust in the abyssal basins of the Bering Sea have been created or altered by crustal extension and back‐arc spreading. These processes have occurred during and since early Eocene time when the Aleutian Ridge developed and isolated oceanic crust within parts of the Bering Sea. The crust in the Aleutian Basin, previously noted as presumably Early Cretaceous in age (M1–M13 anomalies), is still uncertain. Some crust may be younger. Vitus arch, a buried 100‐ to 200‐km‐wide extensionally deformed zone with linear basement structures and geophysical anomalies, crosses the entire west central Aleutian Basin. We suggest that the arch and the inferred fracture zones in the Aleutian Basin are early Cenozoic structures related to the early entrapment history of the Bering Sea. These structures lie on trend with known early Cenozoic structures near the Bowers‐Shirshov‐Aleutian ridge junction and on the Beringian continental margin (with possible continuation into Alaska); the structures may have coeval and cogenetic(?) histories for early Cenozoic and possibly younger times. Cenozoic deformation within parts of the Bering Sea region is principally extensional, although the total amount of extension is not known. As examples, the Komandorsky basin formed by back‐arc seafloor spreading, the Aleutian Ridge has been extensively sheared, and extensional block faulting is common. Sedimentary basins of the Bering shelf have formed by extension associated with wrench faulting. The Cenozoic deformation throughout the Bering Sea region probably results from the interaction of major lithospheric plates and associated regional strike‐slip faults. We present models for the Bering Sea over the past 55 m.y. that show oceanic plate entrapment, back‐arc faulting and spreading along Vitus arch, breakup of the oceanic crust in the Aleutian Basin at fracture zones, and back‐arc spreading in Bowers Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92TC00214","usgsCitation":"Cooper, A.K., Marlow, M.S., Scholl, D., and Stevenson, A., 1992, Evidence for cenozoic crustal extension in the Bering Sea region: Tectonics, v. 11, no. 4, p. 719-731, https://doi.org/10.1029/92TC00214.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"719","endPage":"731","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea Region","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marlow, M. S.","contributorId":76743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevenson, A.J.","contributorId":27864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevenson","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70127607,"text":"70127607 - 1992 - Geographic Variation in Hirundo pyrrhonota (Cliff Swallow) from Northern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-30T14:21:55","indexId":"70127607","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T14:11:13","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3743,"text":"Western Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic Variation in Hirundo pyrrhonota (Cliff Swallow) from Northern North America","docAbstract":"The number of subspecies recognized in Hirundo pyrrhonota Vieillot (Cliff Swallow) from Alaska, Canada, and the northern contiguous United States ranges from one (Peters 1960) to three (e.g., Jewett et al. 1953, Oberholser, 1920, breeding from central Alaska to the central Great Basin, and two disjunct populations of nominate pyrrhonota, breeding on the west coast and east of the Rocky Mountains. Although various authors have reported measurements of wing chord, they have not provided quantitative data for other plumage characters, and they disagree in the characterizations and ranges of the subspecies they recognize. Because of this, I reviewed the geographic variation among the northern populations.
\nMy study is confined to specimens from Alaska, Canada, and the contigeous United States south to Merced County in California, both slopes of the Rocky Mountains from Montana and Colorado, and northern half of the eastern United States from Kansas east to Virginia (Figure 1). The A.O.U. (1957) gave the breeding range of hypopolia as extending from Alaska and Mackenzie to southeastern British Columbia, the eastern parts of Washington, Oregon, and central-eastern California, central Nevada, northern Utah, Montana, and northwestern Wyoming, and the range of nominate pyrhonota as from southwestern British Columbia, western Oregon and Washington to southern California, southern Nevada, southern and eastern Utag, and east of the Rocky Mountains. I excluded specimens of H. p. ganieri Phillips, 1986, a subspecies (Browning 1990) that breeds from at least west-central Tennessee to Texas, and H. p. tachina Oberholser, 1903 (sensu Phillips 1986), which breeds north to central California, Utah, Arizona, and new Mexico. I follow Phillips (1973) for the use of the generic name Hirundo for the Cliff Swallow, Hellmayr (1935) for the use of the specific name pyrrhonota.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"California Field Ornithologists","publisherLocation":"Del Mar, CA","usgsCitation":"Browning, M.R., 1992, Geographic Variation in Hirundo pyrrhonota (Cliff Swallow) from Northern North America: Western Birds, v. 23, p. 21-29.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542bc637e4b0abfb4c8097fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, M. Ralph","contributorId":8528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ralph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016822,"text":"70016822 - 1992 - Utility of radiocarbon-dated stratigraphy in determining late Holocene earthquake recurrence intervals, upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T22:48:27.889988","indexId":"70016822","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utility of radiocarbon-dated stratigraphy in determining late Holocene earthquake recurrence intervals, upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska","docAbstract":"During the great 1964 earthquake, parts of coastal southern Alaska subsided tectonically as much as 2 m, and this led to burial of high-intertidal organic-rich marshes by low-intertidal and tidal silt. In the tectonically active part of upper Cook Inlet, the presence of stratigraphic sections containing numerous prehistoric interbedded layers of peat and silt suggests that such stratigraphy resulted when marshes and forests were similarly inundated and buried by intertidal and tidal sediment as a result of great, prehistoric earthquakes.
This study tests the feasibility of using buried, radiocarbon-dated, late Holocene peat layers that are exposed in the intertidal zone of upper Cook Inlet to determine earthquake recurrence intervals, because estimates of the recurrence intervals of past earthquakes are needed for evaluation of the potential for future earthquakes. In a reconnaissance study of interbedded peat and silt, 65 conventional radiocarbon dates from peat and other organic material in 25 measured sections in the intertidal zone and one drillhole were used. Radiocarbon ages from the tops of peat beds cluster weakly but may indicate that regional subsidence events recurred at irregular intervals between about 200 to 800 radiocarbon yr within the past 3,200 radiocarbon yr. Conversion to calibrated ages does not alter this range substantially but may extend both ends of the age range. Coeval and correlative stratigraphy and radiocarbon data in the buried peat layers of upper Cook Inlet strongly suggest sudden, subsidence-induced layering. Because of problems associated with conventional radiocarbon dating, the complex stratigraphy of the study area, the tectonic setting, and regional changes in sea level, conclusions from the study do not permit precise identification of the timing and recurrence of paleoseismic events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0684:UORDSI>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bartsch-Winkler, S., and Schmoll, H., 1992, Utility of radiocarbon-dated stratigraphy in determining late Holocene earthquake recurrence intervals, upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, no. 6, p. 684-694, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0684:UORDSI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"684","endPage":"694","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"upper Cook Inlet region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.21835533891556,\n 62.26809200594323\n ],\n [\n -153.26132408891561,\n 62.26809200594323\n ],\n [\n -153.26132408891561,\n 59.88911950060532\n ],\n [\n -149.21835533891556,\n 59.88911950060532\n ],\n [\n -149.21835533891556,\n 62.26809200594323\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0d0e4b08c986b32a32d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartsch-Winkler, S.","contributorId":31388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch-Winkler","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmoll, H. R.","contributorId":71543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoll","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016786,"text":"70016786 - 1992 - Petrogenesis of the Pd-rich intrusion at Salt Chuck, Prince of Wales island: an early Paleozoic Alaskan-type ultramafic body","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70016786","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of the Pd-rich intrusion at Salt Chuck, Prince of Wales island: an early Paleozoic Alaskan-type ultramafic body","docAbstract":"The early Paleozoic Salt Chuck intrusion has petrographic and chemical characteristics that are similar to those of Cretaceous Alaskan-type ultramafic-mafic bodies. The intrusion is markedly discordant to the structure of the early Paleozoic Descon Formation, in which it has produced a rather indistinct contact aureole a few meters wide. Mineral assemblages, sequence of crystallization, and mineral chemistry suggest that the intrusion crystallized under low pressures (~2 kbar) with oxidation conditions near those of the NNO buffer, from a hydrous, silica-saturated, orthopyroxene-normative parental magma. The Salt Chuck deposit was probably formed by a two-stage process: 1) a stage of magmatic crystallization in which the sulfides and PGE accumulated in a disseminated manner in cumulus deposits, possibly largely in the gabbro, and 2) a later magmatic-hydrothermal stage during which the sulfides and PGE were remobilized and concentrated in veins and fracture-fillings. In this model, the source of the sulfides and PGE was the magma that produced the Salt Chuck intrusion. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Loney, R.A., and Himmelberg, G.R., 1992, Petrogenesis of the Pd-rich intrusion at Salt Chuck, Prince of Wales island: an early Paleozoic Alaskan-type ultramafic body: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 30, no. 4, p. 1005-1022.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1022","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7783e4b0c8380cd784f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loney, R. A.","contributorId":90757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelberg, G. R.","contributorId":27106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001183,"text":"1001183 - 1992 - The timing of wing molt in tundra swans: energetic and non-energetic constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T22:12:39.165961","indexId":"1001183","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The timing of wing molt in tundra swans: energetic and non-energetic constraints","docAbstract":"Date of wing molt initiation, based on the regression of tenth primary length on capture date, was calculated for breeding and nonbreeding Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) on the Colville River Delta, Alaska. Breeding females initiated wing molt significantly later than breeding males and nonbreeding males and females; the molt of breeding females was correlated with the date on which their eggs hatched. Breeding males did not differ significantly from nonbreeding males and females in the date of molt initiation. Timing of molt in breeding males and females was consistent with the views that females delay molt while replenishing energy spent on reproduction, but was also consistent with the breeding pair's need for primaries to defend territories and to defend and brood young. Other results, including an increase in an index of female body condition throughout most of the molt period, and a positive correlation between clutch size and female hatch-to-molt interval, were not predicted by the hypothesis that past energy expenditures constrain the timing of molt. Patterns of wing molt within and among other Northern Hemisphere geese and swans are also difficult to explain on the basis of energetics alone. For example, breeding females initiate molt before breeding males in many species. Also, there is extreme asynchrony between mates in two swan species; one of those species also exhibits variation in which sex initiates wing molt first. Both patterns suggest that asynchrony, per se, is important, probably to facilitate brood protection or territory defense. In Tundra Swans and other northern breeding geese and swans, the non-energetic demands of territory defense, brood defense, and brooding are probably important constraints on the timing of wing molt.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369282","usgsCitation":"Earnst, S., 1992, The timing of wing molt in tundra swans: energetic and non-energetic constraints: Condor, v. 94, p. 847-856, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369282.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"856","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.10253906249997,\n 61.87687021463305\n ],\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 61.87687021463305\n ],\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 63.213829705155625\n ],\n [\n -165.10253906249997,\n 63.213829705155625\n ],\n [\n -165.10253906249997,\n 61.87687021463305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b6e4b07f02db534263","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earnst, S.L.","contributorId":27018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017263,"text":"70017263 - 1992 - Impact origin of the Avak Structure, Arctic Alaska, and genesis of the Barrow gas fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-19T17:47:56.045056","indexId":"70017263","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact origin of the Avak Structure, Arctic Alaska, and genesis of the Barrow gas fields","docAbstract":"Geophysical and subsurface geologic data suggest that the Avak structure, which underlies the Arctic Coastal Plain 12 km southeast of Barrow, Alaska, is a hypervelocity meteorite or comet impact structure. The structure is a roughly circular area of uplifted, chaotically deformed Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks 8 km in diameter that is bounded by a ring of anastomosing, inwardly dipping, listric normal faults 12 km in diameter. A zone of gently outward-dipping sedimentary country rocks forms a discontinuous ring of \"rim anticlines\" within the peripheral ring of normal faults. Beyond these anticlines, the sedimentary rocks are almost flat-lying. Basement consists of strongly deformed Ordovician and Silurian argillite. Density and acoustic impedance con rasts between the argillite and the overlying strata produce gravity and seismic-reflection signatures that define a ring of anticlines around the disturbed zone and a structural high surrounded by an annular structural low at its center.
In the adjacent Barrow gas fields, the tops of the informally named Neocomian \"pebble shale\" unit and the gas-producing Lower Jurassic Barrow sand (local usage) lie at average subsea depths of 488 m and 670 m, respectively. In the Avak 1 well, drilled on the central high, the pebble shale and the Barrow sand lie near the surface, documenting more than 500 m of relative uplift at the high. The cores in this well have steep dips (30-90 degrees), mixed breccia with Franklinian argillite clasts 10 and 90 m above basement, quartz grains with shock mosaicism and multiple sets of shock lamellae, oriented concussion fractures in sand-size quartz grains, and shatter cones resembling those found in the peripheral zones of well-documented impact structures. In addition, above-background levels o fractured quartz grains in Barrow sand were found as far as 19 km beyond the rim of the Avak structure.
Data concerning the age of the Avak structure are not definitive. If submarine landslide deposits in the upper part of the Aptian and Albian Torok Formation, in the subsurface 200 km to the east, were triggered by the Avak event, then the Avak meteorite struck a submerged marine shelf about 100 + or - 5 Ma. However, the impact features found at Avak (shatter cones, concussion fractures, shock lamellae and shock mosaicism in quartz grains, and widespread cataclasis) characterize the distal zones of meteorite impact structures. Fused rocks, plastic deformation, and shock-metamorphic minerals found in more proximal zones of impact structures are apparently missing. These observations, and the lack of Avak ejecta in cuttings and cores from the Torok Formation and Nanushuk Group (Albian to middle Cenomanian) in surrounding test wells, indicate that the impact event postdated these beds. In this case, the Avak meteorite struck a Late Cretaceous or Tertiary marine shelf or coastal plain between the Cenomanian (ca. 95 Ma), and deposition of the basal beds of the overlying late Pliocene and Quaternary Gubik Formation (ca. 3 Ma).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/BDFF889E-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Kirschner, C., Grantz, A., and Mullen, M.W., 1992, Impact origin of the Avak Structure, Arctic Alaska, and genesis of the Barrow gas fields: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 76, no. 5, p. 651-679, https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF889E-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"679","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225163,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Avak structure, Barrow gas fields","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.10286874793076,\n 71.39378563719981\n ],\n [\n -160.10286874793076,\n 69.48627430745987\n ],\n [\n -146.27334730998183,\n 69.48627430745987\n ],\n [\n -146.27334730998183,\n 71.39378563719981\n ],\n [\n -160.10286874793076,\n 71.39378563719981\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38d9e4b0c8380cd616ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirschner, C.E.","contributorId":81107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschner","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullen, M. W.","contributorId":15587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017079,"text":"70017079 - 1992 - Computer Monte Carlo simulation in quantitative resource estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70017079","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computer Monte Carlo simulation in quantitative resource estimation","docAbstract":"The method of making quantitative assessments of mineral resources sufficiently detailed for economic analysis is outlined in three steps. The steps are (1) determination of types of deposits that may be present in an area, (2) estimation of the numbers of deposits of the permissible deposit types, and (3) combination by Monte Carlo simulation of the estimated numbers of deposits with the historical grades and tonnages of these deposits to produce a probability distribution of the quantities of contained metal. Two examples of the estimation of the number of deposits (step 2) are given. The first example is for mercury deposits in southwestern Alaska and the second is for lode tin deposits in the Seward Peninsula. The flow of the Monte Carlo simulation program is presented with particular attention to the dependencies between grades and tonnages of deposits and between grades of different metals in the same deposit. ?? 1992 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01782266","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Root, D.H., Menzie, W., and Scott, W., 1992, Computer Monte Carlo simulation in quantitative resource estimation: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 1, no. 2, p. 125-138, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01782266.","startPage":"125","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205604,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782266"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f954e4b0c8380cd4d581","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Root, D. H.","contributorId":74019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menzie, W. D.","contributorId":52916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, W.A.","contributorId":106121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017258,"text":"70017258 - 1992 - A comparison of gas geochemistry of fumaroles in the 1912 ash-flow sheet and on active stratovolcanoes, Katmai National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017258","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of gas geochemistry of fumaroles in the 1912 ash-flow sheet and on active stratovolcanoes, Katmai National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"Fumarolic gas samples collected in 1978 and 1979 from the stratovolcanoes Mount Griggs, Mount Mageik, and the 1953-68 SW Trident cone in Katmai National Park, Alaska, have been analysed and the results presented here. Comparison with recalculated analyses of samples collected from the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) in 1917 and 1919 demonstrates differences between gases from the short-lived VTTS fumaroles, which were not directly magma related, and the fumaroles on the volcanic peaks. Fumarolic gases of Mount Griggs have an elevated total He content, suggesting a more direct deep crustal or mantle source for these gases than those from the other volcanoes. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Sheppard, D., Janik, C.J., and Keith, T.E., 1992, A comparison of gas geochemistry of fumaroles in the 1912 ash-flow sheet and on active stratovolcanoes, Katmai National Park, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 53, no. 1-4, p. 185-197.","startPage":"185","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e35be4b0c8380cd45fc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheppard, D.S.","contributorId":22494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keith, T. E. C.","contributorId":11681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017050,"text":"70017050 - 1992 - Pyroclastic deposits of the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field, southeast Alaska: eruptions of a stratified magma chamber","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017050","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pyroclastic deposits of the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field, southeast Alaska: eruptions of a stratified magma chamber","docAbstract":"The Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field in southeastern Alaska consists of 5-6 km3 (DRE) of postglacial pyroclasts that overlie Pleistocene lavas. All eleven pyroclast vents align with the long axis of the field, implying that the pyroclast magma conduits followed a crustal fissure. Most of these vents had previously erupted lavas that are compositionally similar to the pyroclasts, so a persistent magma system (chamber) had likely evolved by the onset of the pyroclastic eruptions. The pyroclastic sequence was deposited in about a millennium and is remarkable for a wide range of upward-increasing silica contents (51-72% SiO2), which is consistent with rise of coexisting magmas at different rates governed by their viscosity. Basaltic and andesitic lava flows have erupted throughout the lifetime of the field. Rhyolite erupted late; we infer that it formed early but was hindered from rising by its high viscosity. Most of the magmas-and all siliceous ones-erupted from vents on the central fissure. Basalt has not erupted from the center of the field during at least the latter part of its lifetime. Thus the field may illustrate basalt underplating: heat and mass flux are concentrated at the center of a stratified magma chamber in which a cap of siliceous melt blocks the rise of basalt. Major-element, strontium isotope, and mineral compositions of unaltered pyroclasts are broadly similar to those of older lavas of similar SiO2 content. Slightly fewer phenocrysts, inherited grains, and trace amphibole in pyroclastic magmas may be due simply to faster rise and less undercooling and degassing before eruption relative to the lavas. Dacite occurs only in the youngest deposits; the magma formed by mixing of andesitic and rhyolitic magmas erupted shortly before by the dacitic vents. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Champion, D., Brew, D.A., and Lanphere, M.A., 1992, Pyroclastic deposits of the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field, southeast Alaska: eruptions of a stratified magma chamber: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 53, no. 1-4, p. 117-143.","startPage":"117","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a905ae4b0c8380cd7fca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Champion, D.E.","contributorId":70402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017313,"text":"70017313 - 1992 - Distribution and characteristics of metamorphic belts in the south-eastern Alaska part of the North American Cordillera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-09T16:41:51.95497","indexId":"70017313","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2389,"text":"Journal of Metamorphic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and characteristics of metamorphic belts in the south-eastern Alaska part of the North American Cordillera","docAbstract":"The Cordilleran orogen in south-eastern Alaska includes 14 distinct metamorphic belts that make up three major metamorphic complexes, from east to west: the Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex in the Coast Mountains; the Glacier Bay–Chichagof plutonic–metamorphic complex in the central part of the Alexander Archipelago; and the Chugach plutonic–metamorphic complex in the northern outer islands. Each of these complexes is related to a major subduction event. The metamorphic history of the Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex is lengthy and is related to the Late Cretaceous collision of the Alexander and Wrangellia terranes and the Gravina overlap assemblage to the west against the Stikine terrane to the east. The metamorphic history of the Glacier Bay–Chichagof plutonic–metamorphic complex is relatively simple and is related to the roots of a Late Jurassic to late Early Cretaceous island arc. The metamorphic history of the Chugach plutonic–metamorphic complex is complicated and developed during and after the Late Cretaceous collision of the Chugach terrane with the Wrangellia and Alexander terranes.
The Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex records both dynamothermal and regional contact metamorphic events related to widespread plutonism within several juxtaposed terranes. Widespread moderate-P/T dynamothermal metamorphism affected most of this complex during the early Late Cretaceous, and local high-P/T metamorphism affected some parts during the middle Late Cretaceous. These events were contemporaneous with low- to moderate-P, high-T metamorphism elsewhere in the complex. Finally, widespread high-P–T conditions affected most of the western part of the complex in a culminating late Late Cretaceous event. The eastern part of the complex contains an older, pre-Late Triassic metamorphic belt that has been locally overprinted by a widespread middle Tertiary thermal event.
The Glacier Bay–Chichagof plutonic–metamorphic complex records dominantly regional contact-metamorphic events that affected rocks of the Alexander and Wrangellia terranes. Widespread low-P, high-T assemblages occur adjacent to regionally extensive foliated granitic, dioritic and gabbroic rocks. Two closely related plutonic events are recognized, one of Late Jurassic age and another of late Early and early Late Cretaceous age; the associated metamorphic events are indistinguishable. A small Late Devonian or Early Mississippian dynamothermal belt occurs just north-east of the complex. Two older low-grade regional metamorphic belts on strike with the complex to the south are related to a Cambrian to Ordovician orogeny and to a widespread Middle Silurian to Early Devonian orogeny.
The Chugach plutonic–metamorphic complex records a widespread late Late Cretaceous low- to medium/high-P, moderate- T metamorphic event and a local transitional or superposed early Tertiary low-P, high-T regional metamorphic event associated with mesozonal granitic intrusions that affected regionally deformed and metamorphosed rocks of the Chugach terrane. The Chugach complex also includes a post-Late Triassic to pre-Late Jurassic belt with uncertain relations to the younger belts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1314.1992.tb00097.x","issn":"02634929","usgsCitation":"Brew, D.A., Himmelberg, G.R., Loney, R.A., and Ford, A.B., 1992, Distribution and characteristics of metamorphic belts in the south-eastern Alaska part of the North American Cordillera: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 10, no. 3, p. 465-482, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1992.tb00097.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a027fe4b0c8380cd50088","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelberg, G. R.","contributorId":27106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loney, R. A.","contributorId":90757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, A. B.","contributorId":44924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1013314,"text":"1013314 - 1992 - Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in North American cervids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T00:41:12.253063","indexId":"1013314","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in North American cervids","docAbstract":"Intraspecific variation in mitochondrial DNA of North American cervids was assessed with restriction enzymes to determine relationships among populations and subspecies. No variation was detected in moose (Alces alces) and little in elk (Cervus elaphus). Caribou (Rangifer tarandus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) possessed considerable variation. Characteristic genotypes exist in caribou and white-tailed deer from different geographic areas although subspecies are not discernable as distinct mtDNA assemblages. Except for O. hemionus, intraspecific mtDNA sequence divergences are small (<2%). Subspecies of mule deer have divergent mtDNA (7%) and are the only subspecies of cervids with distinct genotypes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1381867","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., 1992, Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in North American cervids: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 73, p. 70-82, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381867.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130953,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df269","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, M. A.","contributorId":80216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017314,"text":"70017314 - 1992 - Determining baselines and variability of elements in plants and soils near the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017314","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining baselines and variability of elements in plants and soils near the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","docAbstract":"Recent investigations on the Kenai Peninsula had two major objectives: (1) to establish elemental baseline concentrations ranges for native vegetation and soils; and, (2) to determine the sampling density required for preparing stable regional geochemical maps for various elements in native plants and soils. These objectives were accomplished using an unbalanced, nested analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) barbell sampling design. Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) BSG (feather moss, whole plant), Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce, twigs and needles), and soil horizons (02 and C) were collected and analyzed for major and trace total element concentrations. Using geometric means and geometric deviations, expected baseline ranges for elements were calculated. Results of the ANOVA show that intensive soil or plant sampling is needed to reliably map the geochemistry of the area, due to large local variability. For example, producing reliable element maps of feather moss using a 50 km cell (at 95% probability) would require sampling densities of from 4 samples per cell for Al, Co, Fe, La, Li, and V, to more than 15 samples per cell for Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn.Recent investigations on the Kenai Peninsula had two major objectives: (1) to establish elemental baseline concentrations ranges for native vegetation and soils; and, (2) to determine the sampling density required for preparing stable regional geochemical maps for various elements in native plants and soils. These objectives were accomplished using an unbalanced, nested analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) barbell sampling design. Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) BSG (feather moss, whole plant), Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce, twigs and needles), and soil horizons (02 and C) were collected and analyzed for major and trace total element concentrations. Using geometric means and geometric deviations, expected baseline ranges for elements were calculated. Results of the ANOVA show that intensive soil or plant sampling is needed to reliably map the geochemistry of the area, due to large local variability. For example, producing reliable element maps of feather moss using a 50 km cell (at 95% probability) would require sampling densities of from 4 samples per cell Al, Co, Fe, La, Li, and V, to more than 15 samples per cell for Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF00475493","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Severson, R.C., and Gough, L.P., 1992, Determining baselines and variability of elements in plants and soils near the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 63, no. 3-4, p. 253-271, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00475493.","startPage":"253","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205615,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00475493"},{"id":225213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffede4b0c8380cd4f49d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017176,"text":"70017176 - 1992 - Implementation of softcopy photogrammetric workstations at the US Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70017176","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implementation of softcopy photogrammetric workstations at the US Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey has provided the Nation with primary quadrangle maps and map products for the last 50 years. The Survey recently completed initial coverage of the conterminous United States and Hawaii at 1:24 000 scale. In Alaska, complete coverage exists at 1:63 360 scale. Effort is underway to build a National Digital Cartographic Data Base (NDCDB) composed of the digital representation of these and other map series. In addition the Survey plans to meet the demand for more current and complete data through the development and promotion of spatial data standards in cooperation with other Federal, State, local and private organizations. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Skalet, C., Lee, G., and Ladner, L.J., 1992, Implementation of softcopy photogrammetric workstations at the US Geological Survey: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 58, no. 1, p. 57-63.","startPage":"57","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a390ee4b0c8380cd617af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skalet, C.D.","contributorId":10290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalet","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, G.Y.G.","contributorId":53657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"G.Y.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ladner, L. J.","contributorId":69016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladner","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017103,"text":"70017103 - 1992 - Submarine sedimentary features on a fjord delta front, Queen Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T12:31:00","indexId":"70017103","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine sedimentary features on a fjord delta front, Queen Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"Side-scan sonar images provide a view of an actively changing delta front in a marine outwash fjord in Glacier Bay, Alaska. Numerous interconnected gullies and chute-like small channels form paths for the transport of sand and coarse silt from the braided glacial outwash streams on the delta plain to the sinuous turbidity-current channels incised into the fjord floor. These turbidity-current channels carry coarse sediment through the fjord and into the adjoining glacial trunk valley. Several sedimentary processes affect the development of this delta front: overflow plumes deposit fine sediment; sediment gravity flows result from episodic delivery of large loads of coarse sediment; and mass movement may be triggered by earthquakes and, more regularly, by spring-tidal drawdown or hydraulic loading.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/e92-049","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Carlson, P.R., Powell, R.D., and Phillips, A.C., 1992, Submarine sedimentary features on a fjord delta front, Queen Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 29, no. 3, p. 565-573, https://doi.org/10.1139/e92-049.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"573","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d30e4b08c986b31d6ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Ross D.","contributorId":89768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Andrew C.","contributorId":63543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184529,"text":"70184529 - 1992 - Distribution, numbers, and habitat of Bristle-thighed Curlews (Numinous tahitiensis) on Rangiroa atoll","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:30:02","indexId":"70184529","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2902,"text":"Notornis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution, numbers, and habitat of Bristle-thighed Curlews (Numinous tahitiensis) on Rangiroa atoll","docAbstract":"We assessed the numbers, distribution, and habitat of Bristle-tithed Curlews (Numinous tahitiensis) on Rangiroa Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago, during a visit in April 1988. We estimated a total of 250-350 curlews on the atoll. These birds were seen only on the southern and western rims, where they were most common on (1) saltpans within clusters of small islets and (2) narrow channels between islets that were bordered by shrubs and herb mats. The distribution of curlews on Rangiroa appeared to be determined by the distribution of humans and their commensal animals and by the availability of habitats. Given the species' relatively low numbers, low reproductive rate, and prebasic moult which, for some adults, entails a flightless period, conservation and management efforts must begin on the non-breeding grounds. These efforts should focus on reducing or eliminating potential mortality factors such as subsistence harvest, introduced predators, and contaminants. Countries throughout the species' non-breeding range are encouraged to be active in these efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ornithological Society of New Zealand","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Redmond, R.L., 1992, Distribution, numbers, and habitat of Bristle-thighed Curlews (Numinous tahitiensis) on Rangiroa atoll: Notornis, v. 39, no. 1, p. 17-26.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://notornis.osnz.org.nz/distribution-numbers-and-habitat-bristle-thighed-curlews-numinous-tahitiensis-rangiroa-atoll"}],"country":"France","state":"French Polynesia","otherGeospatial":"Rangiroa Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.01055908203125,\n -15.416614956446509\n ],\n [\n -147.117919921875,\n -15.416614956446509\n ],\n [\n -147.117919921875,\n -14.83064644773264\n ],\n [\n -148.01055908203125,\n -14.83064644773264\n ],\n [\n -148.01055908203125,\n -15.416614956446509\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c951e4b0f37a93ee9b84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redmond, Roland L.","contributorId":187897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redmond","given":"Roland","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184661,"text":"70184661 - 1992 - Suppression of guinea pig ileum induced contractility by plasma albumin of hibernators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:19:07","indexId":"70184661","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5314,"text":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","onlineIssn":"1873-5177","printIssn":"0091-3057","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suppression of guinea pig ileum induced contractility by plasma albumin of hibernators","docAbstract":"Previous studies suggest that hibernation may be regulated by internal opioids and that the putative “hibernation induction trigger” (HIT) may itself be an opioid. This study examined the effect of plasma albumin (known to bind HIT) on induced contractility of the guinea pig ileum muscle strip. Morphine (400 nM) depressed contractility and 100 nM naloxone restored it. Ten milligrams of lyophilized plasma albumin fractions from hibernating ground squirrels, woodchucks, black bears, and polar bears produced similar inhibition, with partial reversal by naloxone. Five hundredths mg of d-Ala2-d-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) also inhibited contractility and naloxone reversed it. Conclusions are that hibernating individuals of these species contain an HIT substance that is opioid in nature and summer animals do not; an endogenous opioid similar to leu-enkephalin may be the HIT compound or give rise to it.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0091-3057(92)90658-3","usgsCitation":"Bruce, D.S., Ambler, D.L., Henschel, T.M., Oeltgen, P.R., Nilekani, S.P., and Amstrup, S.C., 1992, Suppression of guinea pig ileum induced contractility by plasma albumin of hibernators: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, v. 43, no. 1, p. 199-203, https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(92)90658-3.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"203","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c951e4b0f37a93ee9b82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruce, David S.","contributorId":188228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruce","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ambler, Douglas L.","contributorId":188233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ambler","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henschel, Timothy M.","contributorId":188234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henschel","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oeltgen, Peter R.","contributorId":188231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oeltgen","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nilekani, Sita P.","contributorId":188232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nilekani","given":"Sita","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":682461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70184242,"text":"70184242 - 1992 - Breeding chronology of mottled ducks in a Texas coastal marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T15:26:00","indexId":"70184242","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding chronology of mottled ducks in a Texas coastal marsh","docAbstract":"The relationship between breeding chronology of Mottled Ducks (Anas fulvigula fulvigula) and wetland conditions at San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge was examined over a 3-yr period. Median nest initiation dates varied by as much as 68 d among years. Initiation occurred earlier in 1985 and 1987 versus 1986 (P < 0.05). Nesting initiation was not associated with winter and spring temperatures, but late nesting occurred in 1986 following low rainfall during fall and winter. Low rainfall caused low water levels in all marsh types. Water levels and wetland availability may influence nesting dates by limiting the food resources available to prenesting and nesting Mottled Ducks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Grand, J.B., 1992, Breeding chronology of mottled ducks in a Texas coastal marsh: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 63, no. 2, p. 195-202.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"202","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336829,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ba8ebfe4b0bcef64f0b94d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184243,"text":"70184243 - 1992 - Intraspecific variation in egg shape among individual emperor geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:51:14","indexId":"70184243","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intraspecific variation in egg shape among individual emperor geese","docAbstract":"Within-clutch variability in shape of 1743 eggs from 301 nests of Emperor Geese (Chen canagicus) laid over a 5-yr period was measured. Individual females laid similar shaped eggs in successive years, and eggs among clutches within females could not be distinguished. Cluster analysis correctly identified 69.9% of 136 known conspecific parasitic eggs. Repeatability estimates of elongation (0.73), sphericity (0.72), maximum width (0.69) and radius of the point (0.68) were high and similar to repeatability estimates of egg mass and volume of other species. Although width, volume and area measurements varied inversely with spring population size, shape variables did not. The consistency in shape variables despite changes in egg size suggests that shape variables may be used to separate and identify individuals within and among years despite changes in the population that may result in changes in egg size. Differences in egg shape among eggs within a nest are viable criteria for identifying parasitic eggs, especially when used in conjunction with other methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., 1992, Intraspecific variation in egg shape among individual emperor geese: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 63, no. 3, p. 344-354.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"354","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ba8ebfe4b0bcef64f0b94b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}