{"pageNumber":"256","pageRowStart":"6375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70031158,"text":"70031158 - 2007 - A critical review of three methods used for the measurement of mercury (Hg2+)-dissolved organic matter stability constants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:22:57","indexId":"70031158","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A critical review of three methods used for the measurement of mercury (Hg2+)-dissolved organic matter stability constants","docAbstract":"<p>Three experimental techniques - ion exchange, liquid-liquid extraction with competitive ligand exchange, and solid-phase extraction with competitive ligand exchange (CLE-SPE) - were evaluated as methods for determining conditional stability constants (K) for the binding of mercury (Hg2+) to dissolved organic matter (DOM). To determine the utility of a given method to measure stability constants at environmentally relevant experimental conditions, experimental results should meet three criteria: (1) the data must be experimentally valid, in that they were acquired under conditions that meet all the requirements of the experimental method, (2) the Hg:DOM ratio should be determined and it should fall within levels that are consistent with environmental conditions, and (3) the stability constants must fall within the detection window of the method. The ion exchange method was found to be limited by its detection window, which constrains the method to stability constants with log K values less than about 14. The liquid-liquid extraction method was found to be complicated by the ability of Hg-DOM complexes to partition into the organic phase. The CLE-SPE method was found to be the most suitable of these methods for the measurement of Hg-DOM stability constants. Stability constants for DOM isolates measured using the CLE-SPE method at environmentally relevant Hg:DOM ratios were log K = 25-30 (M-1). These values are consistent with the strong Hg2+ binding expected for reduced S-containing binding sites.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.018","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Gasper, J.D., Aiken, G.R., and Ryan, J.N., 2007, A critical review of three methods used for the measurement of mercury (Hg2+)-dissolved organic matter stability constants: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 8 SPEC. ISS., p. 1583-1597, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.018.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1583","endPage":"1597","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211282,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.018"}],"volume":"22","issue":"8 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3a0e4b0c8380cd4613c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gasper, J. D.","contributorId":58837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031179,"text":"70031179 - 2007 - Rainfall limit of the N cycle on Earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-26T11:49:58.222091","indexId":"70031179","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainfall limit of the N cycle on Earth","docAbstract":"<p><span>In most climates on Earth, biological processes control soil N. In the Atacama Desert of Chile, aridity severely limits biology, and soils accumulate atmospheric NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>. We examined this apparent transformation of the soil N cycle using a series of ancient Atacama Desert soils (&gt;2 My) that vary in rainfall (21 to &lt;2 mm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). With decreasing rainfall, soil organic C decreases to 0.3 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;and biological activity becomes minimal, while soil NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;and organic N increase to 4 kg N m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;and 1.4 kg N m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, respectively. Atmospheric NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;(Δ</span><sup>17</sup><span>O = 23.0‰) increases from 39% to 80% of total soil NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;as rainfall decreases. These soils capture the transition from a steady state, biologically mediated soil N cycle to a dominantly abiotic, transient state of slowly accumulating atmospheric N. This transition suggests that oxidized soil N may be present in an even more arid and abiotic environment: Mars.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006GB002838","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Ewing, S.A., Michalski, G., Thiemens, M., Quinn, R., Macalady, J.L., Kohl, S., Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., McKay, C.P., and Amundson, R., 2007, Rainfall limit of the N cycle on Earth: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 21, no. 3, GB3009, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002838.","productDescription":"GB3009, 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gb002838","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9461e4b0c8380cd81396","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewing, Stephanie A.","contributorId":50065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michalski, Greg","contributorId":187898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michalski","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28086,"text":"University of California San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thiemens, Mark","contributorId":187899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiemens","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28086,"text":"University of California San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quinn, R.C.","contributorId":30437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Macalady, J. L.","contributorId":95600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macalady","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kohl, S.","contributorId":68531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wankel, Scott D.","contributorId":98076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wankel","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McKay, Christopher P","contributorId":191268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKay","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":24796,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Amundson, Ronald","contributorId":59925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70031181,"text":"70031181 - 2007 - Tree and stand transpiration in a Midwestern bur oak savanna after elm encroachment and restoration thinning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031181","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree and stand transpiration in a Midwestern bur oak savanna after elm encroachment and restoration thinning","docAbstract":"Oak savannas, once common in the Midwest, are now isolated remnants within agricultural landscapes. Savanna remnants are frequently encroached by invasive trees to become woodlands. Thinning and prescribed burning can restore savanna structure, but the ecohydrological effects of managing these remnants are poorly understood. In this study, we measured sap flow (Js) to quantify transpiration in an Iowa bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) savanna woodland encroached by elms (Ulmus americana), and in an adjacent restored savanna after thinning to remove elms, during summer 2004. Savanna oaks had greater mean daily Js (35.9 L dm-2 day-1) than woodland oaks (20.7 L dm-2 day-1) and elms (12.4 L dm-2 day-1). The response of Js to vapor pressure deficit (D) was unexpectedly weak, although oaks in both stands showed negative correlation between daily Js and D for D > 0.4 kPa. An earlier daily peak in Js in the elm trees showed a possible advantage for water uptake. As anticipated, the woodland's stand transpiration was greater (1.23 mm day-1) than the savanna's (0.35 mm day-1), yet the savanna achieved 30% of the woodland's transpiration with only 11% of its sapwood area. The difference in transpiration influenced water table depths, which were 2 m in the savanna and 6.5 m in the woodland. Regionally, row-crop agriculture has increased groundwater recharge and raised water tables, providing surplus water that perhaps facilitated elm encroachment. This has implications for restoration of savanna remnants. If achieving a savanna ecohydrology is an aim of restoration, then restoration strategies may require buffers, or targeting of large or hydrologically isolated remnants. ?? 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2007.04.043","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Asbjornsen, H., Tomer, M., Gomez-Cardenas, M., Brudvig, L., Greenan, C., and Schilling, K., 2007, Tree and stand transpiration in a Midwestern bur oak savanna after elm encroachment and restoration thinning: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 247, no. 1-3, p. 209-219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.04.043.","startPage":"209","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.04.043"},{"id":238788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"247","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb79ae4b08c986b32738a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asbjornsen, H.","contributorId":86968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asbjornsen","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomer, M.D.","contributorId":77359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomer","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gomez-Cardenas, M.","contributorId":82919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez-Cardenas","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brudvig, L.A.","contributorId":28065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brudvig","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greenan, C.M.","contributorId":31198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenan","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schilling, K.","contributorId":101423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031188,"text":"70031188 - 2007 - Three-dimensional flow in the Florida platform: Theoretical analysis of Kohout convection at its type locality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:25:36","indexId":"70031188","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional flow in the Florida platform: Theoretical analysis of Kohout convection at its type locality","docAbstract":"<p>Kohout convection is the name given to the circulation of saline groundwater deep within carbonate platforms, first proposed by F.A. Kohout in the 1960s for south Florida. It is now seen as an Mg pump for dolomitization by seawater. As proposed by Kohout, cold seawater is drawn into the Florida platform from the deep Straits of Florida as part of a geothermally driven circulation in which the seawater then rises in the interior of the platform to mix and exit with the discharging meteoric water of the Floridan aquifer system. Simulation of the asymmetrically emergent Florida platform with the new three-dimensional (3-D), finite-element groundwater flow and transport model SUTRA-MS, which couples salinity- and temperature-dependent density variations, allows analysis of how much of the cyclic flow is due to geothermal heating (free convection) as opposed to mixing with meteoric water discharging to the shoreline (forced convection). Simulation of the system with and without geothermal heating reveals that the inflow of seawater from the Straits of Florida would be similar without the heat flow, but the distribution would differ significantly. The addition of heat flow reduces the asymmetry of the circulation: it decreases seawater inflows on the Atlantic side by 8% and on the Guff of Mexico side by half. The study illustrates the complex interplay of freshwater-saltwater mixing, geothermal heat flow, and projected dolomitization in complicated 3-D settings with asymmetric boundary conditions and realistic horizontal and vertical variations in hydraulic properties.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G23374A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J., Vacher, H.L., and Sanford, W.E., 2007, Three-dimensional flow in the Florida platform: Theoretical analysis of Kohout convection at its type locality: Geology, v. 35, no. 7, p. 663-666, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23374A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"663","endPage":"666","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211521,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G23374A.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"35","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb327e4b08c986b325bf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, J.D.","contributorId":25539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vacher, H. Leonard","contributorId":90529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vacher","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031206,"text":"70031206 - 2007 - Discontinuities in stream nutrient uptake below lakes in mountain drainage networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70031206","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discontinuities in stream nutrient uptake below lakes in mountain drainage networks","docAbstract":"In many watersheds, lakes and streams are hydrologically linked in spatial patterns that influence material transport and retention. We hypothesized that lakes affect stream nutrient cycling via modifications to stream hydrogeomorphology, source-waters, and biological communities. We tested this hypothesis in a lake district of the Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho. Uptake of NO3- and PO4-3 was compared among 25 reaches representing the following landscape positions: lake inlets and outlets, reaches >1-km downstream from lakes, and reference reaches with no nearby lakes. We quantified landscape-scale hydrographic and reach-scale hydrogeomorphic, source-water, and biological variables to characterize these landscape positions and analyze relationships to nutrient uptake. Nitrate uptake was undetectable at most lake outlets, whereas PO4-3 uptake was higher at outlets as compared to reference and lake inlet reaches. Patterns in nutrient demand farther downstream were similar to lake outlets with a gradual shift toward reference-reach functionality. Nitrate uptake was most correlated to sediment mobility and channel morphology, whereas PO 4-3 uptake was most correlated to source-water characteristics. The best integrated predictor of these patterns in nutrient demand was % contributing area (the proportion of watershed area not routing through a lake). We estimate that NO3- and PO 4-3 demand returned to 50% of pre-lake conditions within 1-4-km downstream of a small headwater lake and resetting of nutrient demand was slower downstream of a larger lake set lower in a watershed. Full resetting of these nutrient cycling processes was not reached within 20-km downstream, indicating that lakes can alter stream ecosystem functioning at large spatial scales throughout mountain watersheds. ?? 2007, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Arp, C., and Baker, M.A., 2007, Discontinuities in stream nutrient uptake below lakes in mountain drainage networks: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 52, no. 5, p. 1978-1990.","startPage":"1978","endPage":"1990","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01ebe4b0c8380cd4fdb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, M. A.","contributorId":94849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031253,"text":"70031253 - 2007 - Input, flux, and persistence of six select pesticides in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:43:05","indexId":"70031253","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2040,"text":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Input, flux, and persistence of six select pesticides in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Temporal patterns of pesticide inputs to San Francisco Bay were identified and correlated with timing of application and transport mechanism. Fluxes were calculated from measured concentrations and estimated flow. Persistence of the pesticides under typical riverine or estuarine conditions were estimated from laboratory experiments. Simazine was detected most frequently and had the highest flux into the Bay, which could be explained by its continuous use and long half-life. In comparison, diazinon was detected at lower concentrations and had a lower flux which corresponded to its lower use and shorter half-life. The order-of-magnitude lower fluxes of carbofuran and methidathion corresponded to their lower use and expected hydrolysis. Molinate was detected at the highest concentration but its flux was lower than expected, considering its very high use and persistence in the laboratory experiments. Additional loss of molinate is likely to occur from volatilization and photodegradation on the rice fields. Although thiobencarb had the second highest use, it had the lowest flux of the six pesticides, which can be attributed to its loss via hydrolysis, photodegradation, volatilization, and sorption to sediments. Fluxes into San Francisco Bay were equal to or greater than those reported for other estuaries, except for the Gulf of Mexico.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/03067310701619014","issn":"03067319","usgsCitation":"Kuivila, K., and Jennings, B., 2007, Input, flux, and persistence of six select pesticides in San Francisco Bay: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 87, no. 13-14, p. 897-911, https://doi.org/10.1080/03067310701619014.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"897","endPage":"911","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211345,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067310701619014"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74362182617188,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74362182617188,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"13-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c10e4b0c8380cd62a40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":190790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, B.E.","contributorId":44050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031277,"text":"70031277 - 2007 - Dissolved organic carbon in Alaskan boreal forest: Sources, chemical characteristics, and biodegradability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:45:54","indexId":"70031277","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved organic carbon in Alaskan boreal forest: Sources, chemical characteristics, and biodegradability","docAbstract":"<p>The fate of terrestrially-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is important to carbon (C) cycling in both terrestrial and aquatic environments, and recent evidence suggests that climate warming is influencing DOC dynamics in northern ecosystems. To understand what determines the fate of terrestrial DOC, it is essential to quantify the chemical nature and potential biodegradability of this DOC. We examined DOC chemical characteristics and biodegradability collected from soil pore waters and dominant vegetation species in four boreal black spruce forest sites in Alaska spanning a range of hydrologic regimes and permafrost extents (Well Drained, Moderately Well Drained, Poorly Drained, and Thermokarst Wetlands). DOC chemistry was characterized using fractionation, UV-Vis absorbance, and fluorescence measurements. Potential biodegradability was assessed by incubating the samples and measuring CO2 production over 1 month. Soil pore water DOC from all sites was dominated by hydrophobic acids and was highly aromatic, whereas the chemical composition of vegetation leachate DOC varied significantly with species. There was no seasonal variability in soil pore water DOC chemical characteristics or biodegradability; however, DOC collected from the Poorly Drained site was significantly less biodegradable than DOC from the other three sites (6% loss vs. 13-15% loss). The biodegradability of vegetation-derived DOC ranged from 10 to 90% loss, and was strongly correlated with hydrophilic DOC content. Vegetation such as Sphagnum moss and feathermosses yielded DOC that was quickly metabolized and respired. In contrast, the DOC leached from vegetation such as black spruce was moderately recalcitrant. Changes in DOC chemical characteristics that occurred during microbial metabolism of DOC were quantified using fractionation and fluorescence. The chemical characteristics and biodegradability of DOC in soil pore waters were most similar to the moderately recalcitrant vegetation leachates, and to the microbially altered DOC from all vegetation leachates.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-007-9101-4","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Wickland, K.P., Neff, J.C., and Aiken, G.R., 2007, Dissolved organic carbon in Alaskan boreal forest: Sources, chemical characteristics, and biodegradability: Ecosystems, v. 10, no. 8, p. 1323-1340, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9101-4.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1323","endPage":"1340","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9101-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"10","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0239e4b0c8380cd4ff5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, Jason C.","contributorId":34813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031310,"text":"70031310 - 2007 - Cloud water in windward and leeward mountain forests: The stable isotope signature of orographic cloud water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T17:17:35","indexId":"70031310","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cloud water in windward and leeward mountain forests: The stable isotope signature of orographic cloud water","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cloud water can be a significant hydrologic input to mountain forests. Because it is a precipitation source that is vulnerable to climate change, it is important to quantify amounts of cloud water input at watershed and regional scales. During this study, cloud water and rain samples were collected monthly for 2 years at sites on windward and leeward East Maui. The difference in isotopic composition between volume‐weighted average cloud water and rain samples was 1.4‰&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O and 12‰<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δ</i><sup>2</sup><span>H for the windward site and 2.8‰<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O and 25‰<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δ</i><sup>2</sup><span>H for the leeward site, with the cloud water samples enriched in<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>18</sup><span>O and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>2</sup><span>H relative to the rain samples. A summary of previous literature shows that fog and/or cloud water is enriched in<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>18</sup><span>O and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>2</sup><span>H compared to rain at many locations around the world; this study documents cloud water and rain isotopic composition resulting from weather patterns common to montane environments in the trade wind latitudes. An end‐member isotopic composition for cloud water was identified for each site and was used in an isotopic mixing model to estimate the proportion of precipitation input from orographic clouds. Orographic cloud water input was 37% of the total precipitation at the windward site and 46% at the leeward site. This represents an estimate of water input to the forest that could be altered by changes in cloud base altitude resulting from global climate change or deforestation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006011","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., Giambelluca, T., Gingerich, S.B., Nullet, M., and Loope, L., 2007, Cloud water in windward and leeward mountain forests: The stable isotope signature of orographic cloud water: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 12, Article W12411; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006011.","productDescription":"Article W12411; 13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f676e4b0c8380cd4c79a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, M. A.","contributorId":86365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giambelluca, T. W.","contributorId":90115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giambelluca","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gingerich, S. B.","contributorId":83958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nullet, M.A.","contributorId":72596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nullet","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loope, L.L.","contributorId":43126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031319,"text":"70031319 - 2007 - Hydrology and subsurface transport of oil-field brine at the U.S. Geological Survey OSPER site \"A\", Osage County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-24T11:53:39.613922","indexId":"70031319","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrology and subsurface transport of oil-field brine at the U.S. Geological Survey OSPER site \"A\", Osage County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id17\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id18\"><p>Spillage and improper disposal of saline produced water from oil wells has caused environmental damage at thousands of sites in the United States. In order to improve understanding of the fate and transport of contaminants at these sites, the U.S. Geological Survey carried out multidisciplinary investigations at two oil production sites near Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma. As a part of this effort, the hydrology and subsurface transport of brine at OSPER site “A”, a tank battery and pit complex that was abandoned in 1973, was investigated. Based on data from 41 new boreholes that were cored and completed with monitoring wells, a large (∼200&nbsp;m&nbsp;×&nbsp;200&nbsp;m&nbsp;×&nbsp;20&nbsp;m) plume of saline ground water was mapped. The main dissolved species are Na and Cl, with TDS in the plume ranging as high as 30,000&nbsp;mg/L. Analysis of the high barometric efficiency of the wells indicated a confined aquifer response. Well-slug tests indicated the hydraulic conductivity is low (0.3–7.0&nbsp;cm/day). Simplified flow and transport modeling supports the following conceptual model: (1) prior to the produced water releases, recharge was generally low (∼1&nbsp;cm/a); (2) in ∼60 a of oil production enough saline produced water in pits leaked into the subsurface to create the plume; (3) following abandonment of the site in 1973 and filling of Skiatook Reservoir in the mid-1980s, recharge and lateral flow of water through the plume returned to low values; (4) as a result, spreading of the brine plume caused by mixing with fresh ground water recharge, as well as natural attenuation, are very slow.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.004","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Herkelrath, W.N., Kharaka, Y.K., Thordsen, J., and Abbott, M.M., 2007, Hydrology and subsurface transport of oil-field brine at the U.S. Geological Survey OSPER site \"A\", Osage County, Oklahoma: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 10, p. 2155-2163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2155","endPage":"2163","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Osage County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-96.0004,37.0002],[-95.9999,36.7735],[-95.9996,36.7654],[-95.9999,36.6864],[-96.0002,36.6792],[-96,36.5122],[-96.0003,36.5059],[-96,36.4255],[-96.0003,36.4201],[-96.0001,36.2509],[-95.9996,36.1632],[-95.9997,36.1601],[-96.0755,36.161],[-96.0852,36.1608],[-96.1832,36.1618],[-96.2003,36.1627],[-96.2659,36.1628],[-96.2756,36.1631],[-96.2745,36.1757],[-96.2692,36.182],[-96.2621,36.1873],[-96.2563,36.1912],[-96.2504,36.197],[-96.2474,36.2014],[-96.2466,36.2055],[-96.2485,36.216],[-96.2545,36.2238],[-96.2601,36.2267],[-96.2652,36.2282],[-96.2715,36.2288],[-96.2777,36.2289],[-96.2828,36.2299],[-96.2913,36.2315],[-96.2976,36.2321],[-96.3073,36.2318],[-96.309,36.2319],[-96.3131,36.2306],[-96.3205,36.229],[-96.3257,36.2286],[-96.3365,36.2289],[-96.3444,36.2318],[-96.3589,36.2421],[-96.3671,36.2509],[-96.3753,36.261],[-96.3831,36.268],[-96.3926,36.2723],[-96.4051,36.2762],[-96.4232,36.2802],[-96.4317,36.2836],[-96.4383,36.2887],[-96.442,36.2974],[-96.4447,36.3043],[-96.4456,36.3106],[-96.4488,36.3171],[-96.4515,36.3217],[-96.4525,36.3253],[-96.4564,36.3281],[-96.4575,36.3299],[-96.4597,36.3314],[-96.4677,36.3329],[-96.4723,36.333],[-96.4809,36.33],[-96.4861,36.3287],[-96.4885,36.3265],[-96.4926,36.3234],[-96.4967,36.3181],[-96.5052,36.3055],[-96.5116,36.3016],[-96.5133,36.3007],[-96.5213,36.3],[-96.5242,36.2991],[-96.5271,36.2987],[-96.5488,36.2996],[-96.5573,36.3016],[-96.564,36.304],[-96.5697,36.3064],[-96.5735,36.311],[-96.5751,36.3161],[-96.5761,36.3197],[-96.5765,36.3247],[-96.5763,36.3315],[-96.5744,36.3364],[-96.5702,36.3436],[-96.5643,36.3485],[-96.5568,36.3511],[-96.5453,36.3535],[-96.5366,36.3566],[-96.5291,36.3596],[-96.5278,36.3623],[-96.5264,36.3713],[-96.5221,36.3803],[-96.5247,36.3881],[-96.528,36.3927],[-96.5392,36.4011],[-96.5478,36.3999],[-96.5594,36.3929],[-96.5659,36.388],[-96.5678,36.3812],[-96.5714,36.3759],[-96.5755,36.3741],[-96.5829,36.3738],[-96.5914,36.3772],[-96.5959,36.3791],[-96.6015,36.3833],[-96.6093,36.3898],[-96.6133,36.408],[-96.616,36.4112],[-96.6234,36.4137],[-96.6279,36.4156],[-96.635,36.4257],[-96.6441,36.4268],[-96.6493,36.4264],[-96.6534,36.4251],[-96.6585,36.4234],[-96.6637,36.4221],[-96.674,36.4237],[-96.6872,36.4235],[-96.718,36.4441],[-96.7236,36.4482],[-96.7205,36.4573],[-96.7196,36.4668],[-96.7143,36.4712],[-96.7142,36.493],[-96.7164,36.4971],[-96.7203,36.4995],[-96.7248,36.5014],[-96.7275,36.5064],[-96.728,36.5105],[-96.7284,36.515],[-96.7295,36.5187],[-96.7282,36.5241],[-96.7292,36.5291],[-96.7307,36.5337],[-96.7373,36.5456],[-96.7443,36.5571],[-96.7545,36.5631],[-96.7618,36.5669],[-96.7774,36.5645],[-96.7844,36.5605],[-96.7954,36.5566],[-96.8006,36.5545],[-96.81,36.5465],[-96.8146,36.5438],[-96.8223,36.5381],[-96.8281,36.5323],[-96.8317,36.5283],[-96.8371,36.5211],[-96.8425,36.5103],[-96.8469,36.4991],[-96.8599,36.4843],[-96.8669,36.4776],[-96.871,36.4741],[-96.8751,36.4719],[-96.8797,36.4711],[-96.8837,36.4711],[-96.89,36.4717],[-96.8928,36.4727],[-96.8986,36.4719],[-96.9044,36.4692],[-96.9084,36.4675],[-96.9142,36.4662],[-96.9199,36.4659],[-96.9234,36.465],[-96.9275,36.4606],[-96.9316,36.457],[-96.9385,36.4562],[-96.9561,36.4588],[-96.9663,36.4653],[-96.9748,36.4664],[-96.9822,36.4692],[-96.9906,36.4766],[-97.0012,36.4872],[-97.0057,36.4905],[-97.0112,36.4987],[-97.0116,36.506],[-97.0109,36.5105],[-97.0096,36.5155],[-97.0083,36.5204],[-97.0025,36.5249],[-96.9978,36.5275],[-96.9915,36.5292],[-96.988,36.531],[-96.9828,36.5327],[-96.977,36.5344],[-96.9667,36.5352],[-96.9564,36.535],[-96.9506,36.5367],[-96.946,36.538],[-96.939,36.5424],[-96.9355,36.5455],[-96.929,36.5513],[-96.9261,36.554],[-96.9243,36.554],[-96.9175,36.5529],[-96.906,36.5536],[-96.9003,36.554],[-96.8968,36.5553],[-96.8921,36.5597],[-96.8909,36.5634],[-96.8873,36.5683],[-96.8866,36.5732],[-96.8876,36.5792],[-96.8932,36.5824],[-96.9034,36.5867],[-96.9162,36.6001],[-96.9387,36.5959],[-96.9468,36.5911],[-96.9526,36.5889],[-96.9549,36.589],[-96.9612,36.5882],[-96.974,36.5843],[-96.982,36.583],[-96.986,36.5827],[-96.9952,36.5837],[-97.0032,36.5839],[-97.0153,36.5827],[-97.029,36.5847],[-97.0415,36.5858],[-97.0512,36.5883],[-97.0568,36.5929],[-97.055,36.5979],[-97.0532,36.601],[-97.0469,36.6018],[-97.0473,36.6054],[-97.049,36.6068],[-97.0547,36.6106],[-97.0551,36.6165],[-97.0528,36.6364],[-97.0617,36.651],[-97.0656,36.6547],[-97.067,36.6656],[-97.0666,36.6829],[-97.0606,36.6918],[-97.0548,36.6926],[-97.0491,36.6939],[-97.0253,36.7012],[-97.0238,36.6953],[-97.017,36.6907],[-97.0038,36.6909],[-96.994,36.6903],[-96.9878,36.6875],[-96.9682,36.6889],[-96.958,36.6865],[-96.9477,36.6836],[-96.9345,36.6852],[-96.9263,36.691],[-96.9262,36.6937],[-96.9267,36.6982],[-96.9254,36.7014],[-96.9206,36.7085],[-96.9204,36.7176],[-96.9151,36.7216],[-96.9061,36.7351],[-96.8907,36.7525],[-96.8786,36.7536],[-96.8689,36.7521],[-96.8604,36.7483],[-96.849,36.7445],[-96.8404,36.7434],[-9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William N. 0000-0002-6149-5524 wnherkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5524","contributorId":2612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"William","email":"wnherkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thordsen, James J. jthordsn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"James J.","email":"jthordsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abbott, Marvin M.","contributorId":89106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031327,"text":"70031327 - 2007 - Sources and transport of algae and nutrients in a Californian river in a semi-arid climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-07T11:21:19.941508","indexId":"70031327","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and transport of algae and nutrients in a Californian river in a semi-arid climate","docAbstract":"<p>1. To elucidate factors contributing to dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion in the Stockton Deep Water Ship Channel in the lower San Joaquin River, spatial and temporal changes in algae and nutrient concentrations were investigated in relation to flow regime under the semiarid climate conditions. 2. Chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration and loads indicated that most algal biomass was generated by in-stream growth in the main stem of the river. The addition of algae from tributaries and drains was small (c.15% of total chl-a load), even though high concentrations of chl-a were measured in some source waters. 3. Nitrate and soluble-reactive phosphorus (SRP) were available in excess as a nutrient source for algae. Although nitrate and SRP from upstream tributaries contributed (16.9% of total nitrate load and 10.8% of total SRP load), nutrients derived from agriculture and other sources in the middle and lower river reaches were mostly responsible (20.2% for nitrate and 48.0% for SRP) for maintaining high nitrate and SRP concentrations in the main stem. 4. A reduction in nutrient discharge would attenuate the algal blooms that accelerate DO depletion in the Stockton Deep Water Ship Channel. The N : P ratio, in the main stem suggests that SRP reduction would be a more viable option for algae reduction than nitrogen reduction. 5. Very high algal growth rates in the main stem suggest that reducing the algal seed source in upstream areas would also be an effective strategy.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01849.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Ohte, N., Dahlgren, R., Silva, S.R., Kendall, C., Kratzer, C.R., and Doctor, D.H., 2007, Sources and transport of algae and nutrients in a Californian river in a semi-arid climate: Freshwater Biology, v. 52, no. 12, p. 2476-2493, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01849.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2476","endPage":"2493","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212169,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01849.x"},{"id":239616,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","volume":"52","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b935fe4b08c986b31a470","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohte, Nobuhito","contributorId":73363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohte","given":"Nobuhito","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dahlgren, Randy A.","contributorId":48630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"Randy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silva, Steven R. srsilva@usgs.gov","contributorId":3162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Steven","email":"srsilva@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031337,"text":"70031337 - 2007 - Centimeter-scale characterization of biogeochemical gradients at a wetland-aquifer interface using capillary electrophoresis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T12:20:35","indexId":"70031337","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Centimeter-scale characterization of biogeochemical gradients at a wetland-aquifer interface using capillary electrophoresis","docAbstract":"<p>Steep biogeochemical gradients were measured at mixing interfaces in a wetland-aquifer system impacted by landfill leachate in Norman, Oklahoma. The system lies within a reworked alluvial plain and is characterized by layered low hydraulic conductivity wetland sediments interbedded with sandy aquifer material. Using cm-scale passive diffusion samplers, \"peepers\", water samples were collected in a depth profile to span interfaces between surface water and a sequence of deeper sedimentary layers. Geochemical indicators including electron acceptors, low-molecular-weight organic acids, base cations, and NH4+ were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and field techniques to maximize the small sample volumes available from the centimeter-scale peepers. Steep concentration gradients of biogeochemical indicators were observed at various interfaces including those created at sedimentary boundaries and boundaries created by heterogeneities in organic C and available electron acceptors. At the sediment-water interface, chemical profiles with depth suggest that SO42 - and Fe reduction dominate driven by inputs of organic C from the wetland and availability of electron acceptors. Deeper in the sediments (not associated with a lithologic boundary), a steep gradient of organic acids (acetate maximum 8.8 mM) and NH4+ (maximum 36 mM) is observed due to a localized source of organic matter coupled with the lack of electron acceptor inputs. These findings highlight the importance of quantifying the redox reactions occurring in small interface zones and assessing their role on biogeochemical cycling at the system scale.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.003","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Baez-Cazull, S., McGuire, J., Cozzarelli, I.M., Raymond, A., and Welsh, L., 2007, Centimeter-scale characterization of biogeochemical gradients at a wetland-aquifer interface using capillary electrophoresis: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 12, p. 2664-2683, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.003.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2664","endPage":"2683","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.003"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Norman","volume":"22","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3ede4b0c8380cd4ba31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baez-Cazull, S.","contributorId":47583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baez-Cazull","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, J.T.","contributorId":17023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raymond, A.","contributorId":14118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Welsh, L.","contributorId":30038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031342,"text":"70031342 - 2007 - Local structuring factors of invertebrate communities in ephemeral freshwater rock pools and the influence of more permanent water bodies in the region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031342","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local structuring factors of invertebrate communities in ephemeral freshwater rock pools and the influence of more permanent water bodies in the region","docAbstract":"We used three isolated clusters of small ephemeral rock pools on a sandstone flat in Utah to test the importance of local structuring processes on aquatic invertebrate communities. In the three clusters we characterized all ephemeral rock pools (total: 27) for their morphometry, and monitored their water quality, hydrology and community assemblage during a full hydrocycle. In each cluster we also sampled a set of more permanent interconnected freshwater systems positioned in a wash, draining the water from each cluster of rock pools. This design allowed additional testing for the potential role of more permanent water bodies in the region as source populations for the active dispersers and the effect on the community structure in the rock pools. Species richness and community composition in the rock pools correlated with level of permanence and the ammonia concentration. The length of the rock pool inundation cycle shaped community structure, most probably by inhibiting colonization by some taxa (e.g. tadpoles and insect larvae) through developmental constraints. The gradient in ammonia concentrations probably reflects differences in primary production. The more permanent water bodies in each wash differed both environmentally and in community composition from the connected set of rock pools. A limited set of active dispersers was observed in the rock pools. Our findings indicate that aquatic invertebrate communities in the ephemeral rock pools are mainly structured through habitat permanence, possibly linked with biotic interactions and primary production. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-007-0766-7","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Jocque, M., Graham, T., and Brendonck, L., 2007, Local structuring factors of invertebrate communities in ephemeral freshwater rock pools and the influence of more permanent water bodies in the region: Hydrobiologia, v. 592, no. 1, p. 271-280, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0766-7.","startPage":"271","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212405,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0766-7"},{"id":239885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"592","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48e6e4b0c8380cd681eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jocque, M.","contributorId":92055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jocque","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, T.","contributorId":79694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brendonck, L.","contributorId":86172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brendonck","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031349,"text":"70031349 - 2007 - Mode of occurrence and environmental mobility of oil-field radioactive material at US Geological Survey research site B, Osage-Skiatook Project, northeastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T11:01:08","indexId":"70031349","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mode of occurrence and environmental mobility of oil-field radioactive material at US Geological Survey research site B, Osage-Skiatook Project, northeastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two samples of produced-water collected from a storage tank at US Geological Survey research site B, near Skiatook Lake in northeastern Oklahoma, have activity concentrations of dissolved&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup><span>Ra and&nbsp;</span><sup>228</sup><span>Ra that are about 1500 disintegrations/min/L (dpm/L). Produced-water also contains minor amounts of small (5–50</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm) suspended grains of Ra-bearing BaSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;(barite). Precipitation of radioactive barite scale in the storage tank is probably hindered by low concentrations of dissolved SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;(2.5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mg/L) in the produced-water. Sediments in a storage pit used to temporarily collect releases of produced-water have marginally elevated concentrations of “excess” Ra (several dpm/g), that are 15–65% above natural background values. Tank and pit waters are chemically oversaturated with barite, and some small (2–20</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm) barite grains observed in the pit sediments could be transferred from the tank or formed in place. Measurements of the concentrations of Ba and excess Ra isotopes in the pit sediments show variations with depth that are consistent with relatively uniform deposition and progressive burial of an insoluble Ra-bearing host (barite?). The short-lived&nbsp;</span><sup>228</sup><span>Ra isotope (half-life</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>5.76</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>a) shows greater reductions with depth than&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup><span>Ra (half-life</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>1600</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>a), that are likely explained by radioactive decay. The&nbsp;</span><sup>228</sup><span>Ra/</span><sup>226</sup><span>Ra activity ratio of excess Ra in uppermost pit sediments (1.13–1.17) is close to the ratio measured in the samples of produced-water (0.97,</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>1.14). Declines in Ra activity ratio (excess) with sediment depth can be used to estimate an average rate of burial of 4</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>cm/a for the Ra-bearing contaminant. Local shallow ground waters contaminated with NaCl from produced-water have low dissolved Ra (&lt;20</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>dpm/L) and also are oversaturated with barite. Barite is a highly insoluble Ra host that probably limits the environmental mobility of Ra at site B.</span><span></span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.014","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., and Budahn, J.R., 2007, Mode of occurrence and environmental mobility of oil-field radioactive material at US Geological Survey research site B, Osage-Skiatook Project, northeastern Oklahoma: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 10, p. 2125-2137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2125","endPage":"2137","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212495,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Skiatook Lake","volume":"22","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b9fe4b0c8380cd6f6b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031354,"text":"70031354 - 2007 - Evaluation of sulfate reduction at experimentally induced mixing interfaces using small-scale push-pull tests in an aquifer-wetland system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T13:25:58","indexId":"70031354","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of sulfate reduction at experimentally induced mixing interfaces using small-scale push-pull tests in an aquifer-wetland system","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper presents small-scale push–pull tests designed to evaluate the kinetic controls on&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">SO42-</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;reduction&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;at mixing interfaces between a wetland and aquifer impacted by landfill leachate at the Norman Landfill research site, Norman, OK. Quantifying the rates of redox reactions initiated at interfaces is of great interest because interfaces have been shown to be zones of increased biogeochemical transformations and thus may play an important role in natural attenuation. To mimic the aquifer–wetland interface and evaluate reaction rates,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">SO42-</span></span></span><span>-rich anaerobic aquifer water&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>(</mo><mi is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x223C;</mi><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>100</mn><mspace width=&quot;0.25em&quot; is=&quot;true&quot; /><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>mg</mtext><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>/</mo><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>L</mtext><mspace width=&quot;0.35em&quot; is=&quot;true&quot; /><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>)</mo></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">(∼100mg/LSO42-)</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;was introduced into&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">SO42-</span></span></span><span>-depleted wetland porewater via push–pull tests. Results showed&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">SO42-</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;reduction was stimulated by the mixing of these waters and first-order rate coefficients were comparable to those measured in other push–pull studies. However, rate data were complex involving either multiple first-order rate coefficients or a more complex rate order. In addition, a lag phase was observed prior to&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">SO42-</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;reduction that persisted until the mixing interface between test solution and native water was recovered, irrespective of temporal and spatial constraints. The lag phase was not eliminated by the addition of electron donor (acetate) to the injected test solution. Subsequent push–pull tests designed to elucidate the nature of the lag phase support the importance of the mixing interface in controlling terminal electron accepting processes. These data suggest redox reactions may occur rapidly at the mixing interface between injected and native waters but not in the injected bulk water mass. Under these circumstances, push–pull test data should be evaluated to ensure the apparent rate is actually a function of time and that complexities in rate data be considered.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.006","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Kneeshaw, T., McGuire, J., Smith, E.W., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2007, Evaluation of sulfate reduction at experimentally induced mixing interfaces using small-scale push-pull tests in an aquifer-wetland system: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 12, p. 2618-2629, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2618","endPage":"2629","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212588,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Norman","volume":"22","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ccce4b0c8380cd52cd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kneeshaw, T.A.","contributorId":78552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kneeshaw","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, Jennifer T.","contributorId":53979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jennifer T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Erik W.","contributorId":104659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031358,"text":"70031358 - 2007 - A cold phase of the East Pacific triggers new phytoplankton blooms in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:35:32","indexId":"70031358","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cold phase of the East Pacific triggers new phytoplankton blooms in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Ecological observations sustained over decades often reveal abrupt changes in biological communities that signal altered ecosystem states. We report a large shift in the biological communities of San Francisco Bay, first detected as increasing phytoplankton biomass and occurrences of new seasonal blooms that began in 1999. This phytoplankton increase is paradoxical because it occurred in an era of decreasing wastewater nutrient inputs and reduced nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, contrary to the guiding paradigm that algal biomass in estuaries increases in proportion to nutrient inputs from their watersheds. Coincidental changes included sharp declines in the abundance of bivalve mollusks, the key phytoplankton consumers in this estuary, and record high abundances of several bivalve predators: Bay shrimp, English sole, and Dungeness crab. The phytoplankton increase is consistent with a trophic cascade resulting from heightened predation on bivalves and suppression of their filtration control on phytoplankton growth. These community changes in San Francisco Bay across three trophic levels followed a state change in the California Current System characterized by increased upwelling intensity, amplified primary production, and strengthened southerly flows. These diagnostic features of the East Pacific \"cold phase\" lead to strong recruitment and immigration of juvenile flatfish and crustaceans into estuaries where they feed and develop. This study, built from three decades of observation, reveals a previously unrecognized mechanism of ocean-estuary connectivity. Interdecadal oceanic regime changes can propagate into estuaries, altering their community structure and efficiency of transforming land-derived nutrients into algal biomass.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0706151104","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., Jassby, A.D., Thompson, J.K., and Hieb, K., 2007, A cold phase of the East Pacific triggers new phytoplankton blooms in San Francisco Bay: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 104, no. 47, p. 18561-18565, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706151104.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"18561","endPage":"18565","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477147,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706151104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212170,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706151104"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74362182617188,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74362182617188,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db2ee4b0589fa1c7e66b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jassby, Alan D.","contributorId":66403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hieb, Kathryn","contributorId":174609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hieb","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031372,"text":"70031372 - 2007 - Diurnal variability in riverine dissolved organic matter composition determined by in situ optical measurement in the San Joaquin River (California, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T14:58:12","indexId":"70031372","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diurnal variability in riverine dissolved organic matter composition determined by in situ optical measurement in the San Joaquin River (California, USA)","docAbstract":"Dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration and composition in riverine and stream systems are known to vary with hydrological and productivity cycles over the annual and interannual time scales. Rivers are commonly perceived as homogeneous with respect to DOM concentration and composition, particularly under steady flow conditions over short time periods. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of short term variability ( &lt; 1 day) on DOM dynamics. This study examined whether diurnal processes measurably altered DOM concentration and composition in the hypereutrophic San Joaquin River (California) during a relatively quiescent period. We evaluated the efficacy of using optical in situ measurements to reveal changes in DOM which may not be evident from bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurement alone. The in situ optical measurements described in this study clearly showed for the first time diurnal variations in DOM measurements, which have previously been related to both composition and concentration, even though diurnal changes were not well reflected in bulk DOC concentrations. An apparent asynchronous trend of DOM absorbance and chlorophyll-a in comparison to chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence and spectral slope S290-350 suggests that no one specific CDOM spectrophotometric measurement explains absolutely DOM diurnal variation in this system; the measurement of multiple optical parameters is therefore recommended. The observed diurnal changes in DOM composition, measured by in situ optical instrumentation likely reflect both photochemical and biologically-mediated processes. The results of this study highlight that short-term variability in DOM composition may complicate trends for studies aiming to distinguish different DOM sources in riverine systems and emphasizes the importance of sampling specific study sites to be compared at the same time of day. The utilization of in situ optical technology allows short-term variability in DOM dynamics to be monitored and serves to increase our understanding of its processing and fundamental role in the aquatic environment. Copyright ?? 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6887","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Spencer, R., Pellerin, B., Bergamaschi, B., Downing, B., Kraus, T., Smart, D., Dahlgren, R., and Hernes, P., 2007, Diurnal variability in riverine dissolved organic matter composition determined by in situ optical measurement in the San Joaquin River (California, USA): Hydrological Processes, v. 21, no. 23, p. 3181-3189, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6887.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3181","endPage":"3189","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212347,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6887"}],"volume":"21","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0343e4b0c8380cd503bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, R.G.M.","contributorId":60361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, B.A.","contributorId":81233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Downing, B.D. 0000-0002-2007-5304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":71681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"B.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraus, T.E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":9758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"T.E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smart, D.R.","contributorId":99774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dahlgren, R.A.","contributorId":28409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hernes, P.J.","contributorId":89651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70031376,"text":"70031376 - 2007 - Investigation of the groundwater system at Masaya Caldera, Nicaragua, using transient electromagnetics and numerical simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031376","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of the groundwater system at Masaya Caldera, Nicaragua, using transient electromagnetics and numerical simulation","docAbstract":"The distribution of groundwater beneath Masaya Volcano, in Nicaragua, and its surrounding caldera was characterized using the transient electromagnetic method (TEM). Multiple soundings were conducted at 30 sites. Models of the TEM data consistently indicate a resistive layer that is underlain by one or more conductive layers. These two layers represent the unsaturated and saturated zones, respectively, with the boundary between them indicating the water-table elevation. A map of the TEM data shows that the water table in the caldera is a subdued replica of the topography, with higher elevations beneath the edifice in the south-central caldera and lower elevations in the eastern caldera, coinciding with the elevation of Laguna de Masaya. These TEM data, combined with regional hydrologic data, indicate that the caldera in hydrologically isolated from the surrounding region, with as much as 60??m of difference in elevation of the groundwater table across caldera-bounding faults. The water-table information and estimates of fluxes of water through the system were used to constrain a numerical simulation of groundwater flow. The simulation results indicate that basalt flows in the outer parts of the caldera have a relatively high transmissivity, whereas the central edifice has a substantially lower transmissivity. A layer of relatively high transmissivity must be present at depth within the edifice in order to deliver the observed flux of water and steam to the active vent. This hydrologic information about the caldera provides a baseline for assessing the response of this isolated groundwater system to future changes in magmatic activity. ?? 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.016","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"MacNeil, R., Sanford, W., Connor, C., Sandberg, S., and Diez, M., 2007, Investigation of the groundwater system at Masaya Caldera, Nicaragua, using transient electromagnetics and numerical simulation: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 166, no. 3-4, p. 217-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.016.","startPage":"217","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212407,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.016"},{"id":239887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"166","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ea1e4b0c8380cd63f05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacNeil, R.E.","contributorId":31981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNeil","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connor, C.B.","contributorId":41653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandberg, S.K.","contributorId":99375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diez, M.","contributorId":40424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diez","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031388,"text":"70031388 - 2007 - Cleats and their relation to geologic lineaments and coalbed methane potential in Pennsylvanian coals in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70031388","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cleats and their relation to geologic lineaments and coalbed methane potential in Pennsylvanian coals in Indiana","docAbstract":"Cleats and fractures in Pennsylvanian coals in southwestern Indiana were described, statistically analyzed, and subsequently interpreted in terms of their origin, relation to geologic lineaments, and significance for coal permeability and coalbed gas generation and storage. These cleats can be interpreted as the result of superimposed endogenic and exogenic processes. Endogenic processes are associated with coalification (i.e., matrix dehydration and shrinkage), while exogenic processes are mainly associated with larger-scale phenomena, such as tectonic stress. At least two distinct generations of cleats were identified on the basis of field reconnaissance and microscopic study: a first generation of cleats that developed early on during coalification and a second generation that cuts through the previous one at an angle that mimics the orientation of the present-day stress field. The observed parallelism between early-formed cleats and mapped lineaments suggests a well-established tectonic control during early cleat formation. Authigenic minerals filling early cleats represent the vestiges of once open hydrologic regimes. The second generation of cleats is characterized by less prominent features (i.e., smaller apertures) with a much less pronounced occurrence of authigenic mineralization. Our findings suggest a multistage development of cleats that resulted from tectonic stress regimes that changed orientation during coalification and basin evolution. The coals studied are characterized by a macrocleat distribution similar to that of well-developed coalbed methane basins (e.g., Black Warrior Basin, Alabama). Scatter plots and regression analyses of meso- and microcleats reveal a power-law distribution between spacing and cleat aperture. The same distribution was observed for fractures at microscopic scale. Our observations suggest that microcleats enhance permeability by providing additional paths for migration of gas out of the coal matrix, in addition to providing access for methanogenic bacteria. The abundance, distribution, and orientation of cleats control coal fabric and are crucial features in all stages of coalbed gas operations (i.e., exploration and production). Understanding coal fabric is important for coal gas exploration as it may be related to groundwater migration and the occurrence of methanogenic bacteria, prerequisite to biogenic gas accumulations. Likewise, the distribution of cleats in coal also determines pathways for migration and accumulation of thermogenic gas generated during coalification. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2007.02.004","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Solano-Acosta, W., Mastalerz, M., and Schimmelmann, A., 2007, Cleats and their relation to geologic lineaments and coalbed methane potential in Pennsylvanian coals in Indiana: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 72, no. 3-4, p. 187-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2007.02.004.","startPage":"187","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212589,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2007.02.004"},{"id":240095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f643e4b0c8380cd4c643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solano-Acosta, W.","contributorId":29212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solano-Acosta","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031401,"text":"70031401 - 2007 - Influence of in-stream diel concentration cycles of dissolved trace metals on acute toxicity to one-year-old cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T09:23:52","indexId":"70031401","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of in-stream diel concentration cycles of dissolved trace metals on acute toxicity to one-year-old cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Extrapolating results of laboratory bioassays to streams is difficult, because conditions such as temperature and dissolved metal concentrations can change substantially on diel time scales. Field bioassays conducted for 96 h in two mining‐affected streams compared the survival of hatchery‐raised, metal‐näive westslope cutthroat trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi</i><span>) exposed to dissolved (0.1‐μm filtration) metal concentrations that either exhibited the diel variation observed in streams or were controlled at a constant value. Cadmium and Zn concentrations in these streams increased each night by as much as 61 and 125%, respectively, and decreased a corresponding amount the next day, whereas Cu did not display a diel concentration cycle. In High Ore Creek (40 km south of Helena, MT, USA), survival (33%) after exposure to natural diel‐fluctuating Zn concentrations (range, 214–634 μg/L; mean, 428 μg/L) was significantly (</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.008) higher than survival (14%) after exposure to a controlled, constant Zn concentration (422 μg/L). Similarly, in Dry Fork Belt Creek (70 km southeast of Great Falls, MT, USA), survival (75%) after exposure to diel‐fluctuating Zn concentrations (range, 266–522 μg/L; mean, 399 μg/L) was significantly (</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.022) higher than survival (50%) in the constant‐concentration treatment (392 μg/L). Survival likely was greater in these diel treatments, both because the periods of lower metal concentrations provided some relief for the fish and because toxicity during periods of higher metal concentrations was lessened by the simultaneous occurrence each night of lower water temperatures, which reduce the rate of metal uptake. Based on the present study, current water‐quality criteria appear to be protective for streams with diel concentration cycles of Zn (and, perhaps, Cd) for the hydrologic conditions tested.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/07-265.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D.A., Harper, D.D., Farag, A., Cleasby, T., MacConnell, E., and Skaar, D., 2007, Influence of in-stream diel concentration cycles of dissolved trace metals on acute toxicity to one-year-old cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 12, p. 2667-2678, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-265.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2667","endPage":"2678","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212261,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/07-265.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b44e4b0c8380cd62399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, David D. 0000-0001-7061-8461 david_harper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-8461","contributorId":1140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"David","email":"david_harper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farag, Aida 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":200690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cleasby, Tom 0000-0003-0694-1541 tcleasby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-1541","contributorId":1137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleasby","given":"Tom","email":"tcleasby@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacConnell, Elizabeth","contributorId":7861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacConnell","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Skaar, D.","contributorId":28047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skaar","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031403,"text":"70031403 - 2007 - Physically based estimation of soil water retention from textural data: General framework, new models, and streamlined existing models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-18T11:05:02.903393","indexId":"70031403","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physically based estimation of soil water retention from textural data: General framework, new models, and streamlined existing models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerous models are in widespread use for the estimation of soil water retention from more easily measured textural data. Improved models are needed for better prediction and wider applicability. We developed a basic framework from which new and existing models can be derived to facilitate improvements. Starting from the assumption that every particle has a characteristic dimension&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;associated uniquely with a matric pressure ψ and that the form of the ψ–</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;relation is the defining characteristic of each model, this framework leads to particular models by specification of geometric relationships between pores and particles. Typical assumptions are that particles are spheres, pores are cylinders with volume equal to the associated particle volume times the void ratio, and that the capillary inverse proportionality between radius and matric pressure is valid. Examples include fixed-pore-shape and fixed-pore-length models. We also developed alternative versions of the model of Arya and Paris that eliminate its interval-size dependence and other problems. The alternative models are calculable by direct application of algebraic formulas rather than manipulation of data tables and intermediate results, and they easily combine with other models (e.g., incorporating structural effects) that are formulated on a continuous basis. Additionally, we developed a family of models based on the same pore geometry as the widely used unsaturated hydraulic conductivity model of Mualem. Predictions of measurements for different suitable media show that some of the models provide consistently good results and can be chosen based on ease of calculations and other factors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/vzj2007.0019","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., Herkelrath, W.N., and Laguna, L., 2007, Physically based estimation of soil water retention from textural data: General framework, new models, and streamlined existing models: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 6, no. 4, p. 766-773, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2007.0019.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"773","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498910,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2007.0019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7af0e4b0c8380cd7918e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkelrath, William N. 0000-0002-6149-5524 wnherkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5524","contributorId":2612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"William","email":"wnherkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laguna, Luna","contributorId":12694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laguna","given":"Luna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031406,"text":"70031406 - 2007 - Influence of groundwater pumping on streamflow restoration following upstream dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-21T11:15:19.852527","indexId":"70031406","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of groundwater pumping on streamflow restoration following upstream dam removal","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>We compared streamflow in basins under the combined impacts of an upland dam and groundwater pumping withdrawals, by examining streamflow in the presence and absence of each impact. As a qualitative analysis, inter-watershed streamflow comparisons were performed for several rivers flowing into the east side of the Central Valley, CA. Results suggest that, in the absence of upland dams supporting large reservoirs, some reaches of these rivers might develop ephemeral streamflow in late summer. As a quantitative analysis, we conducted a series of streamflow/groundwater simulations (using MODFLOW-2000 plus the streamflow routing package, SFR1) for a representative hypothetical watershed, with an upland dam and groundwater pumping in the downstream basin, under humid, semi-arid, and arid conditions. As a result of including the impact of groundwater pumping, post-dam removal simulated streamflow was significantly less than natural streamflow. The model predicts extensive ephemeral conditions in the basin during September for both the arid and semi-arid cases. The model predicts continued perennial conditions in the humid case, but spatially weighted, average streamflow of only 71% of natural September streamflow, as a result of continued pumping after dam removal.&nbsp;</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6520","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., and Essaid, H.I., 2007, Influence of groundwater pumping on streamflow restoration following upstream dam removal: Hydrological Processes, v. 21, no. 21, p. 2823-2834, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6520.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2823","endPage":"2834","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.9921875,\n              40.78054143186033\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              40.78054143186033\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.26660156249999,\n              40.01078714046552\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.16796875,\n              38.34165619279595\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4541015625,\n              35.567980458012094\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.65234374999999,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.47656249999999,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4541015625,\n              38.37611542403604\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9921875,\n              40.78054143186033\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b3de4b0c8380cd6235e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, James E. 0000-0002-4062-2096 jconstan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-2096","contributorId":1962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"James E.","email":"jconstan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031407,"text":"70031407 - 2007 - Ordination of breeding birds in relation to environmental gradients in three southeastern United States floodplain forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031407","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ordination of breeding birds in relation to environmental gradients in three southeastern United States floodplain forests","docAbstract":"We used an ordination approach to identify factors important to the organization of breeding bird communities in three floodplains: Cache River, Arkansas (AR), Iatt Creek, Louisiana (LA), and the Coosawhatchie River, South Carolina (SC), USA. We used 5-min point counts to sample birds in each study area each spring from 1995 to 1998, and measured ground-surface elevations and a suite of other habitat variables to investigate bird distributions and community characteristics in relation to important environmental gradients. In both AR and SC, the average number of Neotropical migrant species detected was lowest in semipermanently flooded Nyssa aquatica Linnaeus habitats and greatest in the highest elevation floodplain zone. Melanerpes carolinus Linnaeus, Protonotaria citrea Boddaert, Quiscalus quiscula Linnaeus, and other species were more abundant in N. aquatica habitats, whereas Wilsonia citrina Boddaert, Oporornis formosus Wilson, Vireo griseus Boddaert, and others were more abundant in drier floodplain zones. In LA, there were no significant differences in community metrics or bird species abundances among forest types. Canonical correspondence analyses revealed that structural development of understory vegetation was the most important factor affecting bird distributions in all three study areas; however, potential causes of these structural gradients differed. In AR and SC, differences in habitat structure were related to the hydrologic gradient, as indexed by ground-surface elevation. In LA, structural variations were related mainly to the frequency of canopy gaps. Thus, bird communities in all three areas appeared to be organized primarily in response to repeated localized disturbance. Our results suggest that regular disturbance due to flooding plays an important role in structuring breeding bird communities in floodplains subject to prolonged inundation, whereas other agents of disturbance (e.g., canopy gaps) may be more important in headwater systems subject to only short-duration flooding. Management for avian community integrity in these systems should strive to maintain forest zonation and natural disturbance regimes. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11273-007-9040-z","issn":"09234861","usgsCitation":"Wakeley, J., Guilfoyle, M., Antrobus, T.J., Fischer, R., Barrow, W., and Hamel, P., 2007, Ordination of breeding birds in relation to environmental gradients in three southeastern United States floodplain forests: Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 15, no. 5, p. 417-439, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-007-9040-z.","startPage":"417","endPage":"439","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212349,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-007-9040-z"},{"id":239820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f44e4b0c8380cd759f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wakeley, J.S.","contributorId":103996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wakeley","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guilfoyle, M.P.","contributorId":59145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guilfoyle","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antrobus, T. J.","contributorId":63117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antrobus","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fischer, R.A.","contributorId":21763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barrow, W.C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":11183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"W.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hamel, P.B.","contributorId":88444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamel","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031412,"text":"70031412 - 2007 - Ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community composition in estuarine and oceanic environments assessed using a functional gene microarray","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T19:10:15","indexId":"70031412","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1548,"text":"Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community composition in estuarine and oceanic environments assessed using a functional gene microarray","docAbstract":"<p>The relationship between environmental factors and functional gene diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was investigated across a transect from the freshwater portions of the Chesapeake Bay and Choptank River out into the Sargasso Sea. Oligonucleotide probes (70-bp) designed to represent the diversity of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes from Chesapeake Bay clone libraries and cultivated AOB were used to construct a glass slide microarray. Hybridization patterns among the probes in 14 samples along the transect showed clear variations in amoA community composition. Probes representing uncultivated members of the Nitrosospira-like AOB dominated the probe signal, especially in the more marine samples. Of the cultivated species, only Nitrosospira briensis was detected at appreciable levels. Discrimination analysis of hybridization signals detected two guilds. Guild 1 was dominated by the marine Nitrosospira-like probe signal, and Guild 2???s largest contribution was from upper bay (freshwater) sediment probes. Principal components analysis showed that Guild 1 was positively correlated with salinity, temperature and chlorophyll a concentration, while Guild 2 was positively correlated with concentrations of oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate nitrogen and carbon, suggesting that different amoA sequences represent organisms that occupy different ecological niches within the estuarine/marine environment. The trend from most diversity of AOB in the upper estuary towards dominance of a single type in the polyhaline region of the Bay is consistent with the declining importance of AOB with increasing salinity, and with the idea that AO-Archaea are the more important ammonia oxidizers in the ocean.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01371.x","issn":"14622912","usgsCitation":"Ward, B., Eveillard, D., Kirshtein, J.D., Nelson, J., Voytek, M.A., and Jackson, G.A., 2007, Ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community composition in estuarine and oceanic environments assessed using a functional gene microarray: Environmental Microbiology, v. 9, no. 10, p. 2522-2538, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01371.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2522","endPage":"2538","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212435,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01371.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"9","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9bee4b0c8380cd48416","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, B.B.","contributorId":7023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eveillard, D.","contributorId":78549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eveillard","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirshtein, Julie D.","contributorId":26033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, J.D.","contributorId":58101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Voytek, Mary A.","contributorId":91943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, G. A.","contributorId":73138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031421,"text":"70031421 - 2007 - Development of a mercury speciation, fate, and biotic uptake (BIOTRANSPEC) model: Application to Lahontan Reservoir (Nevada, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-18T11:08:19.537351","indexId":"70031421","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a mercury speciation, fate, and biotic uptake (BIOTRANSPEC) model: Application to Lahontan Reservoir (Nevada, USA)","docAbstract":"<p>A mathematically linked mercury transport, speciation, kinetic, and simple biotic uptake (BIOTRANSPEC) model has been developed. An extension of the metal transport and speciation (TRANSPEC) model, BIOTRANSPEC estimates the fate and biotic uptake of inorganic (Hg(II)), elemental (Hg(0)) and organic (MeHg) forms of mercury and their species in the dissolved, colloidal (e.g., dissolved organic matter [DOM]), and particulate phases of surface aquatic systems. A pseudo-steady state version of the model was used to describe mercury dynamics in Lahontan Reservoir (near Carson City, NV, USA), where internal loading of the historically deposited mercury is remobilized, thereby maintaining elevated water concentrations. The Carson River is the main source of total mercury (THg), of which more than 90% is tightly bound in a gold-silver-mercury amalgam, to the system through loadings in the spring, with negligible input from the atmospheric deposition. The speciation results suggest that aqueous species are dominated by Hg-DOM, Hg(OH)2, and HgClOH. Sediment-to-water diffusion of MeHg and Hg-DOM accounts for approximately 10% of total loadings to the water column. The water column acts as a net sink for MeHg by reducing its levels through two competitive processes: Uptake by fish, and net MeHg demethylation. Although reservoir sediments produce significant amounts of MeHg (4 g/d), its transport from sediment to water is limited (1.6 g/d), possibly because of its adsorption on metal oxides of iron and manganese at the sediment-water interface. Fish accumulate approximately 45% of the total MeHg mass in the water column, and 9% of total MeHg uptake by fish leaves the system because of fishing. Results from this new model reiterate the previous conclusion that more than 90% of THg input is retained in sediment, which perpetuates elevated water concentrations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1897/06-468R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Gandhi, N., Bhavsar, S., Diamond, M., Kuwabara, J.S., Marvin-DePasquale, M.C., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 2007, Development of a mercury speciation, fate, and biotic uptake (BIOTRANSPEC) model: Application to Lahontan Reservoir (Nevada, USA): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 11, p. 2260-2273, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-468R.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2260","endPage":"2273","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lahontan Reservoir","volume":"26","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a003ce4b0c8380cd4f66a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gandhi, N.","contributorId":35543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandhi","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bhavsar, S.P.","contributorId":38779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhavsar","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diamond, M.L.","contributorId":18578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamond","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marvin-DePasquale, Mark C.","contributorId":38655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DePasquale","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031435,"text":"70031435 - 2007 - Formation and disruption of aquifers in southwestern Chryse Planitia, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031435","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation and disruption of aquifers in southwestern Chryse Planitia, Mars","docAbstract":"We present geologic evidence suggesting that after the development of Mars' cryolithosphere, the formation of aquifers in southwestern Chryse Planitia and their subsequent disruption led to extensive regional resurfacing during the Late Hesperian, and perhaps even during the Amazonian. In our model, these aquifers formed preferentially along thrust faults associated with wrinkle ridges, as well as along fault systems peripheral to impact craters. The characteristics of degraded wrinkle ridges and impact craters in southwestern Chryse Planitia indicate a profound role of subsurface volatiles and especially liquid water in the upper crust (the upper one hundred to a few thousands of meters). Like lunar wrinkle ridges, the martian ones are presumed to mark the surface extensions of thrust faults, but in our study area the wrinkle ridges are heavily modified. Wrinkle ridges and nearby plains have locally undergone collapse, and in other areas they are associated with domical intrusions we interpret as mud volcanoes and mud diapirs. In at least one instance, a sinuous valley emanates from a modified wrinkle ridge, further indicating hydrological influences on these thrust-fault-controlled features. A key must be the formation of volatile-rich crust. Primary crustal formation and differentiation incorporated juvenile volatiles into the global crust, but the crustal record here was then strongly modified by the giant Chryse impact. The decipherable rock record here begins with the Chryse impact and continues with the resulting basin's erosion and infilling, which includes outflow channel activity. We propose that in Simud Vallis surface flow dissection into the base of the cryolithosphere-produced zones where water infiltrated and migrated along SW-dipping strata deformed by the Chryse impact, thereby forming an extensive aquifer in southwestern Chryse Planitia. In this region, compressive stresses produced by the rise of Tharsis led to the formation of wrinkle ridges. Zones of high fracture density within the highly strained planes of the thrust faults underlying the wrinkle ridges formed regions of high permeability; thus, groundwater likely flowed and gathered along these tectonic structures to form zones of elevated permeability. Volatile depletion and migration within the upper crustal materials, predominantly along fault systems, led to structurally controlled episodic resurfacing in southwestern Chryse Planitia. The erosional modification of impact craters in this region is linked to these processes. This erosion is scale independent over a range of crater diameters from a few hundred meters to tens of kilometers. According to our model, pressurized water and sediment intruded and locally extruded and caused crustal subsidence and other degradational activity across this region. The modification of craters across this wide range of sizes, according to our model, implies that there was intensive mobilization of liquid water in the upper crust ranging from about one hundred to several thousand meters deep. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.05.021","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J., Tanaka, K.L., Kargel, J., Dohm, J.M., Kuzmin, R., Fairen, A., Sasaki, S., Komatsu, G., Schulze-Makuch, D., and Jianguo, Y., 2007, Formation and disruption of aquifers in southwestern Chryse Planitia, Mars: Icarus, v. 191, no. 2, p. 545-567, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.05.021.","startPage":"545","endPage":"567","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212234,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.05.021"},{"id":239692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"191","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1346e4b0c8380cd545b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, J.A.P.","contributorId":55948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"J.A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuzmin, R.","contributorId":62828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fairen, A.G.","contributorId":25335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairen","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sasaki, S.","contributorId":78534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasaki","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Komatsu, G.","contributorId":35913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komatsu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schulze-Makuch, D.","contributorId":62829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulze-Makuch","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jianguo, Y.","contributorId":101454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jianguo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
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