The Red River of the North is a complex river system in the north-central plains of the United States. The river continues to affect the people and property within its basin. During June of 2002, major flooding occurred for the third time in 5 years in the Red River of the North Basin, especially on tributaries in northwestern Minnesota. The worst damage occurred in Roseau, Minn., where about 95 percent of the town was inundated. Extensive damage to roads, bridges, and crops occurred throughout the flooded area in northwestern Minnesota and northeastern North Dakota. Roseau County, Minn., was designated a major disaster area on June 14, 2002, by President Bush and later twelve more counties were added to the disaster declaration. Unlike the 1997 floods, which were the result of record-high, region-wide snowpacks and a late spring blizzard, the June 2002 floods were the result of heavy rainfall that swept across the region on June 9-10 and again on June 22-24, 2002.
\nFlooding in the Red River of the North Basin commonly is caused by spring snowmelt, and the severity of the flooding is affected by (1) substantial precipitation in the fall that produces high levels of soil moisture; (2) above-normal snowfall in the winter; (3) moist, frozen ground that prohibits infiltration of moisture; (4) a late spring thaw; (5) above-normal precipitation during spring thaw; and (6) ice jams (temporary dams of ice) on rivers and streams. Flooding during June 2002, however, was not caused by most factors usually associated with major flooding in the Red River Basin. In fact, precipitation had been below normal since late last summer and as of June 1, 2002, the flooded area was in a moderate drought based on the Palmer Drought Severity Index.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), one of the principal Federal agencies responsible for the collection and interpretation of water-resources data, works with other Federal, State, and local agencies to ensure that accurate and timely data are available for making decisions regarding the public's welfare (a listing of cooperators in the Red River Basin is given at the end of this report). This report presents preliminary meteorologic data provided by the National Weather Service, Grand Forks Office and water-resources 2002 flood data that were obtained from selected streamflow-gaging stations located in the Red River of the North Basin (fig. 1).
\nHistorical peak stages and peak discharges and the June 2002 peak stages, peak discharges, and recurrence intervals are shown in table 1. The streamflow-gaging stations are listed in downstream order by station number, and station locations are shown in figure 1. The June 2002 peak stages and peak discharges given in this preliminary report may be revised as site surveys are completed and additional field data are reviewed in the upcoming months. The peak discharges are used to determine the probability, often expressed in recurrence intervals, that a given discharge will be exceeded in the future. For example, a flood that has a 1-percent chance of exceedance in any given year would, on the long-term average, be expected to occur only about once a century; therefore, the flood would be termed a \"100-year flood.\" However, the chance of such a flood occurring in any given year is 1 percent. Thus, a 100-year flood can occur in successive years at the same location. In some instances, recurrence interval estimates can be based on periods of regulated flow or made with historic adjustments when historic data are available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02278","usgsCitation":"Wiche, G.J., Guttormson, K., Robinson, S., Mitton, G., and Bramer, B., 2002, June 2002 floods in the Red River of the North basin in northeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-278, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02278.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3630,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02278/ofr02278.pdf","text":"Report","size":"342 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Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guttormson, K.G.","contributorId":78359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guttormson","given":"K.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, S.M.","contributorId":79162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitton, 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Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-266","title":"Ice Core Depth-Age Relation for Vostok delta-D and Dome Fuji delta-18O Records Based on the Devils Hole Paleotemperature Chronology","docAbstract":"This report presents the data for the Vostok - Devils Hole chronology, termed V-DH chronology, for the Antarctic Vostok ice core record. This depth - age relation is based on a join between the Vostok deuterium profile (D) and the stable oxygen isotope ratio (18O) record of paleotemperature from a calcitic core at Devils Hole, Nevada, using the algorithm developed by Landwehr and Winograd (2001). Both the control points defining the V-DH chronology and the numeric values for the chronology are given. In addition, a plausible chronology for a deformed bottom portion of the Vostok core developed with this algorithm is presented. Landwehr and Winograd (2001) demonstrated the broader utility of their algorithm by applying it to another appropriate Antarctic paleotemperature record, the Antarctic Dome Fuji ice core 18O record. Control points for this chronology are also presented in this report but deemed preliminary because, to date, investigators have published only the visual trace and not the numeric values for the Dome Fuji 18O record. The total uncertainty that can be associated with the assigned ages is also given.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002266","usgsCitation":"Landwehr, J., 2002, Ice Core Depth-Age Relation for Vostok delta-D and Dome Fuji delta-18O Records Based on the Devils Hole Paleotemperature Chronology: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-266, 53 p. (1 figure, 5 tables, 6 p. of text), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002266.","productDescription":"53 p. 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The original paper map has been faithfully reproduced as a geologic map database for use in a GIS, and thus does not contain updated geologic information for the map area. This publication consists of three parts:
\n1. Documentation in the form of a this publication's Open File text, or readme, describing the digital data, how to obtain it, as well as the original map explanation pamphlet. The documentation also consists of FGDC metadata, and a file describing any revisions to the data in this report. All of the documentaion components are available in a variety of file formats.
\n2. Three Arc/Info (ESRI) formatted coverages of the geologic database, distributed in Arc Interchange (e00) format. The spatial databases in this component of the report consist vector-based GIS datasets that represent geologic contacts, faults, map units, and volcanic vents in the study area, as well as localities of K/Ar samples discussed in the original report, and geologic structure measurements.
\n3. Plottable map representations of the database at 1:24,000 scale in PostScript and Adobe PDF formats. The plottable files consist of a color geologic map derived from the spatial database, composited with a topographic base map in the form of the USGS Digital Raster Graphic for the map area. Color symbology from each of these datasets is maintained, which can cause plot file sizes to be large.
This field guide contains road logs for field trips planned in conjunction with the 2002 Rocky Mountain Section meeting of the Geological Society of America held at Southern Utah University in Cedar City, Utah. There are a total of eight field trips, covering various locations and topics in southwestern Utah and adjacent areas of Arizona and Nevada. In addition, the field guide contains a road log for a set of Geological Engineering Field Camp Exercises run annually by the University of Missouri at Rolla in and around Cedar City.
\nTwo of the field trips address structural aspects of the geology in southwestern Utah and northwestern Arizona; two trips deal with ground water in the region; and along with the Field Camp Exercises, one trip, to the Grand Staircase, is designed specifically for educators. The remaining trips examine the volcanology and mineral resources of a large area in and around the Tusher Mountains in Utah; marine and brackish water strata in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument; and the Pine Valley Mountains, which are cored by what may be the largest known laccolith in the world. The \"Three Corners\" area of Utah, Arizona, and Nevada is home to truly world-class geology, and I am confident that all of the 2002 Rocky Mountain Section meeting attendees will find a field trip suited to their interests.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02172","collaboration":"Prepared for the Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain Section Meeting in Cedar City, Utah, May 7-9, 2002","usgsCitation":"2002, Field guide to geologic excursions in southwestern Utah and adjacent areas of Arizona and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-172, iv, 331 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02172.","productDescription":"iv, 331 p.","numberOfPages":"336","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02172.jpg"},{"id":402716,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f590d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lund, William R.","contributorId":48320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504038,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39883,"text":"ofr02283 - 2002 - Color-coded contour map of Mars M 25M RKN","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-11T08:36:55","indexId":"ofr02283","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-283","title":"Color-coded contour map of Mars M 25M RKN","docAbstract":"NOTES ON BASE\n\nThis map is based on data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) (Smith and others, 2001), an instrument on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft (Albee and others, 2001). The image used for the base of this map represents more than 600 million measurements gathered between 1999 and 2001, adjusted for consistency (Neumann and others, 2001, 2002) and converted to planetary radii. These have been converted to elevations above the areoid as determined from a martian gravity field solution GMM2 (Lemoine and others, 2001), truncated to degree and order 50, and oriented according to current standards (see below). The average accuracy of each point is originally ~100 meters in horizontal position, and ~1 meter in radius (Neumann, 2001). However, the total elevation uncertainty is at least +3 m due to the global error in the areoid (+1.8 meters according to Lemoine and others, 2001) and regional uncertainties in its shape (communication from Neumann, 2002). The measurements were converted into a digital elevation model (DEM) (communication from Neumann, 2002; Neumann and others, 2001; Smith and others, 2001) using Generic Mapping Tools software (Wessel and Smith, 1998), with a resolution of 0.015625 degrees per pixel or 64 pixels per degree. In projection, the pixels are 926.17 meters in size at the equator.\n\nPROJECTION\n\nThe Mercator projection is used between latitudes +57°, with a central meridian at 0° and latitude equal to the nominal scale at 0°. The Polar Stereographic projection is used for the polar regions north of the +55° parallel and south of the –55° parallel with a central meridian set for both at 0°. The adopted equatorial radius is 3,396.19 km (Duxbury and others 2002; Seidelmann and others 2002).\n\nCOORDINATE SYSTEM\n\nThe MOLA data were initially referenced to an internally consistent inertial coordinate system, derived from tracking of the MGS spacecraft. By adopting appropriate values for the orientation of Mars as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) (Seidelmann and others, 2002), these inertial coordinates were converted into the planet-fixed coordinates (longitude and latitude) used on this map. These values include the orientation of the north pole of Mars (including the effects of precession), the rotation rate of Mars, and a value for W0 of 176.630°, where W0 is the angle along the equator to the east, between the 0° meridian and the equator's intersection with the celestial equator at the standard epoch J2000.0 (Seidelmann and others, 2002). This value of W0 was chosen (Duxbury and others, 2002) in order to place the 0° meridian through the center of the small (~500 m) crater Airy-0, located in the crater Airy (de Vaucouleurs and others, 1973; Seidelmann and others, 2002). Longitude increases to the east, and latitude is planetocentric as allowed by IAU/IAG standards (Seidelmann and others, 2002) and in accordance with current NASA and USGS standards (Duxbury and others, 2002). A secondary grid (printed in red) has been added to the map as a reference to the west longitude/planetographic latitude system that is also allowed by IAU/IAG standards (Seidelmann and others, 2002) and has also been used for Mars. The figure adopted to compute this secondary grid is an oblate spheroid with an equatorial radius of 3,396.19 km and a polar radius of 3,376.2 km (Duxbury and others, 2002; Seidelmann and others, 2002).\n\nMAPPING TECHNIQUES\n\nTo create the topographic base image, the original DEM produced by the MOLA team in Simple Cylindrical projection with a resolution of 64 pixels per degree was projected into the Mercator and Polar Stereographic pieces. A shaded relief was generated from each DEM with a sun angle of 30° from horizontal and a sun azimuth of 270°, as measured clockwise from north, and a vertical exaggeration of 100%. Illumination is from the west, which follows a long-standing USGS tradition for planetary maps. This allows for continuity in the shading between maps and quadrangles, and most closely resembles lighting conditions found on imagery. The DEM values were then mapped to a smooth global color look-up table. Note that the chosen color scheme simply represents elevation changes and is not intended to imply anything about surface characteristics (e.g., past or current presence of water or ice). These two files were then merged and scaled to 1:25 million for the Mercator portion and 1:15,196,708 for the two Polar Stereographic portions, with a resolution of 300 dots per inch. The projections have a common scale of 1:13,923,113 at +56° latitude. Contours were created from the DEM at a 1-kilometer interval. Contours for features with a diameter of 3 km or less (features too small for this map scale) were removed. The contours were then simplified by removing points along the contours spaced less than 1 km apart.\n\nNOMENCLATURE\n\nNames on this sheet are approved by the IAU and have been applied for features clearly visible at the scale of this map. For a complete list of the IAU-approved nomenclature for Mars, see the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature at http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/. Font color was chosen for readability. Names followed by an asterisk are provisionally approved.\n\nM 25M RKN: Abbreviation for Mars, 1:25,000,000 series, shaded relief (R), with color (K) and nomenclature (N) (Greeley and Batson, 1990).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02283","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002, Color-coded contour map of Mars M 25M RKN: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-283, Map: 36.00 inches x 33.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02283.","productDescription":"Map: 36.00 inches x 33.00 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02283.jpg"},{"id":3594,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0283/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283775,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0283/pdf/of02-283.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Mercator","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae84e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39886,"text":"ofr02315 - 2002 - Abstracts for the symposium on the application of neural networks to the earth sciences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T15:42:57.046912","indexId":"ofr02315","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-315","title":"Abstracts for the symposium on the application of neural networks to the earth sciences","docAbstract":"Artificial neural networks are a group of mathematical methods that attempt to mimic some of the processes in the human mind. Although the foundations for these ideas were laid as early as 1943 (McCulloch and Pitts, 1943), it wasn't until 1986 (Rumelhart and McClelland, 1986; Masters, 1995) that applications to practical problems became possible. It is the acknowledged superiority of the human mind at recognizing patterns that the artificial neural networks are trying to imitate with their interconnected neurons. Interconnections used in the methods that have been developed allow robust learning. Capabilities of neural networks fall into three kinds of applications: (1) function fitting or prediction, (2) noise reduction or pattern recognition, and (3) classification or placing into types.\n\nBecause of these capabilities and the powerful abilities of artificial neural networks, there have been increasing applications of these methods in the earth sciences. The abstracts in this document represent excellent samples of the range of applications. Talks associated with the abstracts were presented at the Symposium on the Application of Neural Networks to the Earth Sciences: Seventh International Symposium on Mineral Exploration (ISME–02), held August 20–21, 2002, at NASA Moffett Field, Mountain View, California. This symposium was sponsored by the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (MMIJ), the U.S. Geological Survey, the Circum-Pacific Council, and NASA. The ISME symposia have been held every two years in order to bring together scientists actively working on diverse quantitative methods applied to the earth sciences. Although the title, International Symposium on Mineral Exploration, suggests exclusive focus on mineral exploration, interests and presentations have always been wide-ranging—abstracts presented here are no exception.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02315","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., 2002, Abstracts for the symposium on the application of neural networks to the earth sciences: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-315, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02315.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02315.jpg"},{"id":3597,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0315/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283776,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0315/pdf/of02-315.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a39b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":222511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39914,"text":"ofr02127 - 2002 - Basement geology of the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA), Northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:34:57","indexId":"ofr02127","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-127","title":"Basement geology of the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA), Northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Gravity, aeromagnetic, seismic, and borehole information enable mapping of crustal basement characteristics within the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA). In general, the pre-Mississippian basement of the southern portion of the NPRA is different from that in the north in that it is deeper and thinner, is made up of dense magnetic rocks, is cut by more normal faults, and underlies thicker accumulations of Mississippian to Triassic Ellesmerian sequence sedimentary rocks. Mafic igneous rocks within the basement and locally within the deeper Ellesmerian sequence sedimentary section could explain the observed density and magnetic variations. Because these variations spatially overlap thicker Ellesmerian sequence sediment accumulations, they may have developed, at least in part, during Mississippian to Triassic extension and basin formation. If this period of extension, and postulated mafic magmatism, was accompanied by higher heat flow, then early Ellesmerian sequence clastic sediments may have become mature for hydrocarbon generation (Magoon and Bird, 1988). This could have produced an early petroleum system in the Colville basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geographical Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02127","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Hudson, T.L., Phillips, J., Kulander, C., Dumoulin, J.A., and Potter, C., 2002, Basement geology of the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA), Northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-127, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02127.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3618,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":173615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, T. L.","contributorId":13992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kulander, C.","contributorId":6932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulander","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Potter, C.","contributorId":58332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":39913,"text":"ofr0272 - 2002 - Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Hayes Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:36","indexId":"ofr0272","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-72","title":"Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Hayes Volcano, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0272","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., and Miller, T.P., 2002, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Hayes Volcano, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-72, 33 p. and 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0272.","productDescription":"33 p. and 1 sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3617,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-072/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6691a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39917,"text":"ofr02156 - 2002 - Data set of world phosphate mines, deposits, and occurrences: Part A. Geologic data. Part B. Location and mineral economic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T15:44:09.770735","indexId":"ofr02156","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-156","title":"Data set of world phosphate mines, deposits, and occurrences: Part A. Geologic data. Part B. Location and mineral economic data","docAbstract":"An inventory of more than 1,600 world phosphate mines, deposits, and occurrences was compiled from smaller data sets collected as part of multiple research efforts by Carlotta Chernoff, University of Arizona, and Greta Orris, U.S. Geological Survey. These data have been utilized during studies of black shale depositional environments and to construct phosphate deposit models. The compiled data have been edited for consistency and additional location information has been added where possible. The database of compiled phosphate information is being released in two sections; the geologic data in one section and the location and mineral economic data in the second. This report, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02–156–A, contains the geologic data and is best used with the complimentary data contained in Open-File Report 02–156–B. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02–156–B contains commodity data, location and analytical data, a variety of mineral economic data, reference information, and pointers to related records in the U.S. Geological Survey National mineral databases—MASMILS and MRDS.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02156","usgsCitation":"Chernoff, C.B., and Orris, G., 2002, Data set of world phosphate mines, deposits, and occurrences: Part A. Geologic data. Part B. Location and mineral economic data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-156, Report Part A: 352 p.; Report Part B: 328 p.; Readme; Metadata; 2 Data Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02156.","productDescription":"Report Part A: 352 p.; Report Part B: 328 p.; Readme; Metadata; 2 Data Tables","numberOfPages":"680","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":173618,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02156.jpg"},{"id":282562,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0156/pdf/OF02-156B.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":3621,"rank":9,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282563,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0156/README.doc"},{"id":282564,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0156/phos.met"},{"id":282565,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0156/OF02-156A.xls"},{"id":282566,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0156/OF02-156B.xls"},{"id":282561,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0156/pdf/OF02-156A.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":406799,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52047.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679c7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chernoff, Carlotta B.","contributorId":30541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernoff","given":"Carlotta","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orris, G. J.","contributorId":80252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orris","given":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39927,"text":"ofr02273 - 2002 - Digital version of \"Open-File Report 92-183: Geologic map of the Granite Spring Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T15:51:08.37388","indexId":"ofr02273","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-273","title":"Digital version of \"Open-File Report 92-183: Geologic map of the Granite Spring Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California\"","docAbstract":"This is a digital map database version of a previous printed geologic map, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92–183. The original paper map has been faithfully reproduced as a geologic map database for use in a GIS, and thus does not contain updated geologic information for the map area. This publication consists of three parts:
\n1. Documentation in the form of a this publication's Open File text, or readme, describing the digital data, how to obtain it, as well as the original map explanation pamphlet. The documentation also consists of FGDC metadata, and a file describing any revisions to the data in this report. All of the documentaion components are available in a variety of file formats.
\n2. Three Arc/Info (ESRI) formatted coverages of the geologic database, distributed in Arc Interchange (e00) format. The spatial databases in this component of the report consist vector-based GIS datasets that represent geologic contacts, faults, map units, and volcanic vents in the study area, as well as localities of K/Ar samples discussed in the original report, and geologic structure measurements.
\n3. Plottable map representations of the database at 1:24,000 scale in PostScript and Adobe PDF formats. The plottable files consist of a color geologic map derived from the spatial database, composited with a topographic base map in the form of the USGS Digital Raster Graphic for the map area. Color symbology from each of these datasets is maintained, which can cause plot file sizes to be large.
This investigation was conducted to provide information on the aggregate potential of alluvial fan sediments in the Santa Cruz River valley. Pebble lithology, roundness, and particle size were determined in the field, and structures and textures of alluvial fan sediments were photographed and described. Additional measurements of particle size on digital photographs were made on a computer screen. Digital elevation models were acquired and compiled for viewing the areal extent of selected fans.
Alluvial fan gravel in the Santa Cruz River valley reflects the lithology of its source. Gravel derived from granitic and gneissic terrane of the Tortolita, Santa Catalina, and Rincon Mountains weathers to grus and is generally inferior for use as aggregate. Gravel derived from the Tucson, Sierrita, and Tumacacori Mountains is composed mostly of angular particles of volcanic rock, much of it felsic in composition. This angular volcanic gravel should be suitable for use in asphalt but may require treatment for alkali-silica reaction prior to use in concrete. Gravel derived from the Santa Rita Mountains is of mixed plutonic (mostly granitic rocks), volcanic (mostly felsic rocks), and sedimentary (sandstone and carbonate rock) composition. The sedimentary component tends to make gravel derived from the Santa Rita Mountains slightly more rounded than other fan gravel.
The coarsest (pebble, cobble, and boulder) gravel is found near the heads (proximal part) of alluvial fans. At the foot (distal part) of alluvial fans, most gravel is pebble-sized and interbedded with sand and silt. Some of the coarsest gravel was observed near the head of the Madera Canyon, Montosa Canyon, and Esperanza Wash fans. The large Cienega Creek fan, located immediately south and southeast of Tucson, consists entirely of distal-fan pebble gravel, sand, and silt.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02314","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, D.A., and Melick, R., 2002, Reconnaissance of alluvial fans as potential sources of gravel aggregate, Santa Cruz River valley, Southeast Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-314, iv, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02314.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341916,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0314/ofr-02-0314.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":3596,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0314/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tucson","otherGeospatial":"Santa Cruz River valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.3,\n 32.6\n ],\n [\n -110.7,\n 32.6\n ],\n [\n -110.7,\n 31.7\n ],\n [\n -111.3,\n 31.7\n ],\n [\n -111.3,\n 32.6\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625108","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melick, Roger","contributorId":100033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melick","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39929,"text":"ofr02275 - 2002 - Geology, mineralization, and hydrothermal alteration and relationships to acidic and metal-bearing surface waters in the Palmetto Gulch area, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T15:56:58","indexId":"ofr02275","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-275","title":"Geology, mineralization, and hydrothermal alteration and relationships to acidic and metal-bearing surface waters in the Palmetto Gulch area, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"The Palmetto Gulch area is affected by low pH and metal-bearing drainage from abandoned mines, and perhaps, from natural weathering around vein zones. To investigate these anthropogenic and potential natural sources of acidity and metals, we mapped the geology, veins, and hydrothermally altered areas; conducted mine dump leachate studies; and collected reconnaissance water quality data. Several small abandoned mines are present in the Palmetto Gulch area that produced small amounts of relatively high-grade silver ore from fault-controlled polymetallic vein deposits. These veins are hosted in lavas, breccias, and related volcaniclastic sediments that ponded within the 28 Ma San Juan-Uncompahgre caldera complex. These rock units generally have conformable contacts and have shallow dips to the northwest. Lava flows of pyroxene andesite, which host the Roy-Pray mine, are massive near their base and typically grade upward into tightly jointed rock with 2-15 cm joint spacing. In general, most hydrothermally altered rock within the Palmetto Gulch area is restricted to envelopes surrounding the mineralized veins and faults. Composite zones of vein-related alteration vary from about 50 to 80 m wide along the high ridgelines and narrow to less than 10 to 15 m beneath an elevation of about 5,462 m. Where unaffected by surficial oxidation, these altered zones contain as much as 7 to 10 volume percent finely-disseminated pyrite. The majority of rocks in the area were affected by regional and vein-related propylitic alteration. These greenish-colored rocks have alteration products consisting of chlorite, illite, and calcite; and feldspars are typically weakly altered. Most of these rocks have detectable amounts of calcite, while as much as 11 percent by weight was detected in samples collected during this study. The Palmetto Gulch area is affected by low pH and metal-bearing drainage from abandoned mines, and perhaps, from natural weathering around vein zones. To investigate these anthropogenic and potential natural sources of acidity and metals, we mapped the geology, veins, and hydrothermally altered areas; conducted mine dump leachate studies; and collected reconnaissance water quality data. Several small abandoned mines are present in the Palmetto Gulch area that produced small amounts of relatively high-grade silver ore from fault-controlled polymetallic vein deposits. These veins are hosted in lavas, breccias, and related volcaniclastic sediments that ponded within the 28 Ma San Juan-Uncompahgre caldera complex. These rock units generally have conformable contacts and have shallow dips to the northwest. Lava flows of pyroxene andesite, which host the Roy-Pray mine, are massive near their base and typically grade upward into tightly jointed rock with 2-15 cm joint spacing. In general, most hydrothermally altered rock within the Palmetto Gulch area is restricted to envelopes surrounding the mineralized veins and faults. Composite zones of vein-related alteration vary from about 50 to 80 m wide along the high ridgelines and narrow to less than 10 to 15 m beneath an elevation of about 5,462 m. Where unaffected by surficial oxidation, these altered zones contain as much as 7 to 10 volume percent finely-disseminated pyrite. The majority of rocks in the area were affected by regional and vein-related propylitic alteration. These greenish-colored rocks have alteration products consisting of chlorite, illite, and calcite; and feldspars are typically weakly altered. Most of these rocks have detectable amounts of calcite, while as much as 11 percent by weight was detected in samples collected during this study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02275","usgsCitation":"Bove, D.J., Kurtz, J.P., and Wright, W.G., 2002, Geology, mineralization, and hydrothermal alteration and relationships to acidic and metal-bearing surface waters in the Palmetto Gulch area, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-275, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02275.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110335,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52039.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"52039"},{"id":3629,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":173053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c61f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bove, Dana J. dbove@usgs.gov","contributorId":4855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"Dana","email":"dbove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":222618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurtz, Jeffrey P.","contributorId":108174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtz","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Winfield G.","contributorId":27044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Winfield","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":39920,"text":"ofr02235 - 2002 - Bibliography on the occurrence and intrusion of saltwater in aquifers along the Atlantic Coast of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-30T14:35:46.038882","indexId":"ofr02235","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-235","title":"Bibliography on the occurrence and intrusion of saltwater in aquifers along the Atlantic Coast of the United States","docAbstract":"Freshwater aquifers along the Atlantic coast of the United States are vulnerable to the intrusion of saltwater from saline waters that bound the aquifers along their seaward margins. Incidences of saltwater intrusion have been documented along the Atlantic coast for more than 100 years. This report provides a bibliography of published literature relating to the occurrence and intrusion of saltwater along the Atlantic coast of the United States, including all of the coastal States from Maine to Florida (including the coast of Florida along the Gulf of Mexico). The bibliography contains 549 references that date from 1896 to 2001. The bibliography contains references to books, journal articles, and government and other technical reports and maps that could be readily obtained through a scientific library. Conference papers and abstracts, unpublished manuscripts, publications in press, newspaper articles, consulting reports, and reports prepared by local or regional water companies or water districts are omitted from the bibliography.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Northborough, MA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02235","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., and Wild, E.C., 2002, Bibliography on the occurrence and intrusion of saltwater in aquifers along the Atlantic Coast of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-235, iii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02235.","productDescription":"iii, 30 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":501788,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02235/pdfs/ofr02235.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":3624,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02235/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125074,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2002_235.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, 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pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wild, Emily C. 0000-0001-6157-7629 ecwild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-7629","contributorId":1810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wild","given":"Emily","email":"ecwild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5081,"text":"Libraries","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":222598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44280,"text":"ofr02193 - 2002 - Strategic vision for the U. S. Geological Survey in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Region, 2001-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:49:53","indexId":"ofr02193","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-193","title":"Strategic vision for the U. S. Geological Survey in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Region, 2001-2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) strategic vision for the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Region is that of a healthy ecosystem, whose ecological integrity and economic health are nurtured and sustained through sound resource-management decisions based on reliable, timely, and objective scientific information and data. The USGS is a leader in providing reliable, relevant, timely, and objective scientific data and information at local, statewide, regional, national, and international scales to assist in the management and restoration of the natural resources in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Region. The mission of the USGS in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Region is to provide natural science information to the broad community of policymakers, resource managers, regulators, scientists, and private citizens who contribute to informed decisions concerning natural-resource management practices and ecosystem quality and integrity. The strategic vision for the USGS in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Region is a plan to address complex issues that require integrated natural-science information.
The strategic vision describes how the USGS will coordinate existing programs and draw upon the strengths of the entire organization. It provides the framework for long-term coordination and integration of USGS Programs and activities over the next decade (2001-10). The strategic vision describes the role of the USGS in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Region, the coordination of activities within and outside the Bureau and Department of Interior, and interactions between the USGS and its cooperators, partners, and stakeholders in the Region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02193","usgsCitation":"Myers, D.N., Chambers, M., Dawson, V.K., Eberts, S.M., Fisher, M., Foose, M.P., Freiberger, H.J., Gannon, J., Greene, D.A., Hutchinson, D., McNeal, J.M., Milton, N., Nicholas, J.R., Peters, C.A., Stone, B.D., Varanka, D.E., Hickman, C.E., and Wiltshire, D.A., 2002, Strategic vision for the U. S. 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One park unit, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, received funding from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, BRD) and parallel funding from NPS for an intensive research study of the effects of elk on the park ecosystems.
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The lower Revett Formation is dominated by quartzite, but also contains intervals of siltite. The middle Revett consists predominantly of siltite, though quartzite and argillite locally form significant intervals. The upper Revett consists of intervals of quartzite that alternate with intervals of siltite and/or thin-bedded argillite. These units show dramatic changes in thickness and sedimentary facies within the Coeur d'Alene mining district; changes that are more abrupt and extreme than seen elsewhere in the Belt basin. The regionally significant Osburn fault bisects the district, with 20 to 30 km of post-mineralization right-lateral strike-slip offset. South of this fault, the upper Revett is 640 m thick at the Bunker Hill mine in the west, 450 to 500 m thick in the centrally located Silver Belt, and over 550 m thick at the Reindeer Queen deposit to the east. North of the Osburn fault, the upper Revett is approximately 120 m thick in the vicinity of the Lucky Friday mine, but abruptly thins to 45 to 90 m to the north and northeast, in the southern end of the western Montana copper sulfide belt. The middle Revett Formation south of the Osburn fault appears to be 400 to 450 m thick. North of the Osburn Fault, the middle Revett thins to approximately 120 m in the Lucky Friday area, and to approximately 60 m at Military Gulch. The lower Revett Formation is approximately 1650 m thick south of the Osburn fault, but thins to 400 to 450 m thick to the north of the Osburn fault. 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