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,{"id":70175640,"text":"70175640 - 1964 - Records of precipitation, aquifer head, and ground-water recharge to the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1963","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T14:12:09","indexId":"70175640","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Records of precipitation, aquifer head, and ground-water recharge to the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1963","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Garza, S., 1964, Records of precipitation, aquifer head, and ground-water recharge to the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1963: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 6, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58b56e4b03bcb0104bc3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garza, Sergio","contributorId":88713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garza","given":"Sergio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175638,"text":"70175638 - 1964 - Ground-water discharge from the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1963","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T14:08:37","indexId":"70175638","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"5","title":"Ground-water discharge from the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1963","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Garza, S., 1964, Ground-water discharge from the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1963: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 5, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58ad0e4b03bcb0104bbba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garza, Sergio","contributorId":88713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garza","given":"Sergio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175637,"text":"70175637 - 1964 - Chemical analyses of water from observation wells in the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1963","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T14:06:21","indexId":"70175637","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"4","title":"Chemical analyses of water from observation wells in the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1963","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Garza, S., 1964, Chemical analyses of water from observation wells in the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1963: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 4, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58abfe4b03bcb0104bb64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garza, Sergio","contributorId":88713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garza","given":"Sergio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85343,"text":"85343 - 1964 - Adventuresome waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:03","indexId":"85343","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Adventuresome waterfowl","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl tomorrow","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Mendall, H.L., and Nelson, H., 1964, Adventuresome waterfowl, chap. <i>of</i> Waterfowl tomorrow, p. 305-311 [770 pp.].","productDescription":"p. 305-311 [770 pp.]","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698ec3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Linduska, J.P.","contributorId":64308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linduska","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504426,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Mendall, H. L.","contributorId":29352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendall","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, H.K.","contributorId":21489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2970,"text":"wsp1698 - 1964 - Ground-water resources and geology of northern and western Crook County, Wyoming, with a section on the chemical quality of the ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-23T16:42:24.706514","indexId":"wsp1698","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1698","title":"Ground-water resources and geology of northern and western Crook County, Wyoming, with a section on the chemical quality of the ground water","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1698","usgsCitation":"Whitcomb, H.A., Morris, D.A., and Langford, R.H., 1964, Ground-water resources and geology of northern and western Crook County, Wyoming, with a section on the chemical quality of the ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1698, Report: v, 92 p.; 2 Plates: 22.50 x 17.50 inches and 39.00 x 41.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1698.","productDescription":"Report: v, 92 p.; 2 Plates: 22.50 x 17.50 inches and 39.00 x 41.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422302,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24903.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":29706,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1698/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29705,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1698/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29707,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1698/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1698/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Crook County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.05869314135387,\n              44.680054743731034\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.05486809016973,\n              44.99604278399539\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.08954443542197,\n              44.99604278399539\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.09145696101382,\n              44.87961376782616\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.07615675627818,\n              44.878258553546004\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.07424423068589,\n              44.78874383711761\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.08954443542197,\n              44.7860290994428\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.08380536354262,\n              44.17608275825614\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.48900990444203,\n              44.178826027141696\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.52726041628155,\n              44.67189518750155\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.05869314135387,\n              44.680054743731034\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666fe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitcomb, Harold A.","contributorId":102868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitcomb","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, D. A.","contributorId":56204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langford, Russell H.","contributorId":48950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langford","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171155,"text":"70171155 - 1964 - Chemical characteristics of south-central Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T10:07:31","indexId":"70171155","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Chemical characteristics of south-central Lake Huron","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water samples were collected for chemical analysis during eight cruises of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries M/V CISCO in south-central Lake Huron in June-October 1956. Temperature, pH, conductivity, and the concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca++, C1-, SO4-, SiO2, and dissolved oxygen were determined for 233 samples from stations at the mouth of Saginaw Bay and along a transect from Harbor Beach, Michigan, to Goderich, Ontario. The chemical compostion, with the exception of silica, did not vary with season or depth. Water flowing into the lake from Saginaw Bay sometimes caused marked increases in the concentration of chemicals in surface samples at certain stations. Prevailing currents determined the location of these areas of higher salt concentration.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"8th Conference on Great Lakes Research","conferenceDate":"Toronto, Canada","conferenceLocation":"April 6-7, 1964","language":"English","publisher":"University of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Allen, H., 1964, Chemical characteristics of south-central Lake Huron, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Great Lakes Research, April 6-7, 1964, Toronto, Canada, p. 45-53.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d6455e4b07e28b668362d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Herbert E.","contributorId":42553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Herbert E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52426,"text":"ofr64128 - 1964 - Ground-water reconnaissance in the Burnt River valley, Baker County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-04T19:36:52.263227","indexId":"ofr64128","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-128","title":"Ground-water reconnaissance in the Burnt River valley, Baker County, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>The Burnt River valley in southern Baker County, Oreg., is underlain by rocks that range in age from pre-Tertiary to Quaternary. The pre-Tertiary rocks consist mainly of argillites, schists, limestones, and intrusive igneous rocks, while the Tertiary rocks consist mainly of felsic and mafic volcanic tuffs, lava flows and breccias, and fluviolacustrine deposits. Quaternary rocks include terrace gravels of Pleistocene and Recent age, and stream-valley alluvium of Recent age. The rock units most widely exposed along the valley are the fluviolacustrine deposits of Miocene and Pliocene(?) age, which extend to depths of as much as a thousand feet below the valley floor, and the pre-Tertiary rocks.</p><p>Most of the rocks that underlie the valley are of relatively low permeability and yield only small to moderate quantities of water (generally less than 50 gpm) to wells. The fluviolacustrine deposits contain scattered lenses of relatively permeable sand and gravel, hut the unit as a whole is mainly silt and clay of low permeability. Two prospective irrigation wells in the area penetrated these deposits but were abandoned because of insufficient yield.</p><p>Perhaps the most permeable rock unit in the area is the Columbia River Basalt of Miocene and Pliocene(?) age. It is exposed extensively west of the main valley, but apparently occurs only' as discontinuous lenses beneath the valley floor.</p><p>Chemical analyses of water from seven wells in the area indicate that the ground waters have relatively large concentrations of dis-. solved mineral constituents. Water from two of the wells had excessive concentrations of boron and high sodium and salinity hazards with respect to use for irrigation.</p><p>Perhaps the most favorable site for a test irrigation well is about 8 to 10 miles east of Hereford, where the Columbia River Basalt apparently extends beneath, and is intercalated with, the fluviolacustrine deposits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr64128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Price, D., 1964, Ground-water reconnaissance in the Burnt River valley, Baker County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-128, Report: 31 p.; 2 Figures: 29.69 x 29.91 inches and 36.75 x 20.21 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64128.","productDescription":"Report: 31 p.; 2 Figures: 29.69 x 29.91 inches and 36.75 x 20.21 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,{"id":2233,"text":"wsp1779C - 1964 - Chemical quality of surface water in the West Branch Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T18:45:31.751873","indexId":"wsp1779C","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"C","title":"Chemical quality of surface water in the West Branch Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>The West Branch Susquehanna River is 228 miles long and drains 6,913 square miles of mountainous area in central Pennsylvania. Much of this area is forestcovered wilderness, part of which is reserved as State game land. Wild animals, such as deer, bear, turkey and grouse, are sheltered there, and many streams contain trout and other game fish. This helps to make the region one of the best hunting and fishing areas in Pennsylvania. The Congress has approved Federal funds for the construction of several reservoirs to prevent flooding of the main river and several of its tributaries. Water stored behind the dams will not be withdrawn below a minimum level designated as conservation pools. These pools will be available for recreation. Several headwater streams, such as Clearfield, Moshannon, and at times Sinnemahoning Creek, that carry drainage from coal mines are acid and contain high concentrations of dissolved solids, especially sulfates. These streams acidify the West Branch Susquehanna River downstream as far as Jersey Shore. One of the most influential tributaries affecting the quality of the West Branch Susquehanna River after they merge is Bald Eagle Creek. Bald Eagle Creek enters the main river downstream from Lock Haven which is approximately 100 river miles from the river's source. Because of its alkaline properties, water of Bald Eagle Creek can neutralize acidic water. Many streams draining small areas and several draining large areas such as Pine Creek, Lycoming Creek, and Loyalsock Creek are clear nearly neutral water low in dissolved solids whose pH is about 7.0 most of the time. These streams have a diluting and neutralizing effect on the quality of the West Branch Susquehanna River, so that from Williamsport downstream the river water is rarely acid, and for most of the time it is of good chemical quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779C","usgsCitation":"McCarren, E.F., 1964, Chemical quality of surface water in the West Branch Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, Report; iv, 40 p.; 1 Plate: 21.00 x 16.62 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779C.","productDescription":"Report; iv, 40 p.; 1 Plate: 21.00 x 16.62 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27992,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414560,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24956.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":27991,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137748,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.667,\n              41.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.667,\n              40.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.25,\n              40.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.25,\n              41.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.667,\n              41.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3b11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarren, Edward F.","contributorId":106472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarren","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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W.","contributorId":60318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rice, E. B.","contributorId":331294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schrader, F. F.","contributorId":88082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":2511,"text":"wsp1768 - 1964 - Hydrology of the Babylon-Islip area, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T20:23:08.28216","indexId":"wsp1768","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1768","title":"Hydrology of the Babylon-Islip area, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"The report area comprises 270 square miles, and includes most of the Towns of Babylon and Islip, and parts of the Towns of Huntington, Smithtown, and Brookhaven, in southwestern Suffolk County, New York. \r\n\r\nAlmost all the water used in the area is obtained from wells screened in permeable zones of the ground-water reservoir which consists of unconsolidated deposits of gravel, sand, silt, and clay as much as 1,800 feet thick. The ground-water reservoir contains three principal aquifers. From the surface down these are (a) surficial deposits of sand and gravel of Pleistocene age, (b) sands of the Magothy (?) Formation of Cretaceous age, and (c) the Lloyd Sand Member of the Raritan Formation of Cretaceous age. At present only the upper two aquifers are tapped by wells. Natural replenishment of the ground-water reservoir in the area takes place entirely by infiltration of precipitation and averages about 215 mgd (million gallons per day). Average ground-water runoff to streams above tidewater is 114 mgd, and it is estimated that an additional 54 mgd is discharged into tidal reaches of streams. Ground-water evapotranspiration is computed to be about 10 mgd and submarine outflow from the area is estimated to be 18 mgd. The average streamflow of the area above tidewater is 120 mgd. Because of the permeable soils and low relief, direct runoff is only about 5 percent of the average streamflow. Streams are perennial along their middle and lower reaches and exhibit well-sustained low flows. Flooding rarely occurs although continued urbanization may result in minor flooding problems as additional storm sewers are constructed. \r\n\r\nWater in most of the area is generally of good quality; however, it may be contaminated locally. Some streams and parts of the water-table aquifer contain low concentrations of synthetic detergents and other dissolved constituents from domestic and industrial wastes. Salty water occurs in parts of the water-table aquifer in the area under and bordering Great South Bay and under the barrier beaches. Present information, however, indicates that submarine outflow in the artesian aquifers is sufficient to maintain the fresh water-salt water interface some distance seaward of the barrier beaches. \r\n\r\nGround-water withdrawals in 1960 averaged 39 mgd, most of which was returned to the ground through cesspools, leaching beds, and recharge wells; pumpage did not appreciably affect the natural water balance of the groundwater reservoir. If withdrawals continue to be artificially recharged, pumpage can be increased at least fivefold before consumptive losses materially reduce ground-water levels. However, if the area were completely sewered in the future, an adequate supply of ground water for a substantially increased population could not be obtained without (a) reducing the amount of ground water in storage in the reservoir or (b) recharging treated-sewage effluent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1768","usgsCitation":"Pluhowski, E.J., and Kantrowitz, I.H., 1964, Hydrology of the Babylon-Islip area, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1768, Report: v, 119 p.; 8 Plates: 30.00 x 32.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1768.","productDescription":"Report: v, 119 p.; 8 Plates: 30.00 x 32.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":28672,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28671,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28670,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28669,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28668,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28667,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28666,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28665,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28664,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138711,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414130,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24946.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Suffolk County","otherGeospatial":"Babylon-Islip area, Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.479,\n              40.883\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.479,\n              40.604\n            ],\n            [\n              -73,\n              40.604\n            ],\n            [\n              -73,\n              40.883\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.479,\n              40.883\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601ef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pluhowski, Edward J.","contributorId":87911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pluhowski","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kantrowitz, Irwin H.","contributorId":93472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrowitz","given":"Irwin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2404,"text":"wsp1749 - 1964 - Geology and ground-water resources of Nobles County, and part of Jackson County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T18:27:13.54031","indexId":"wsp1749","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1749","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Nobles County, and part of Jackson County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The area described in this report is in southwestern Minnesota, about 130 miles southwest of Minneapolis and St. Paul. It includes; Nobles County and the western tier of townships in Jackson County, a total of 864 square miles. Worthington, the Nobles County seat, is the largest city in the area, having a population of 9,015 persons (1960 census). Farming is the leading occupation, and food processing is the major industry. Critical water shortages have occurred in several parts of the area.</p>\n<p>The climate is characterized by mild, subhumid summers and relatively long, severe winters. Mean monthly temperatures range from 15.1 &deg;F in January to 73.3 &deg;F in July. The mean annual precipitation is 26.75 inches.</p>\n<p>The crest of the Coteau des Prairies, a broad highland belt, traverses Nobles County from northwest to southeast. Three glacial end moraines and their associated ground moraines trend south to southeast across the area. Altitudes range from about 1,820 feet on the crest of the coteau in the northwestern part of the area to about 1,390 feet above mean sea level in the Jack and Okabena Creek valleys in the northeast.</p>\n<p>The Mississippi-Missouri River drainage divide crosses the area from north to east. The Gary outer end moraine trends southeast through central Nobles County. East of this moraine the land is poorly drained and contains numerous lakes and swamps; west of this moraine the land is well drained and contains few, if any, undrained depressions.</p>\n<p>Within the area, granite and Sioux Quartzite of Precambrian age are overlain by Cretaceous strata, except locally in the northeast and northwest parts of the area where the quartzite is directly overlain by glacial drift. The Cretaceous strata are composed of interbedded shale, siltstone, and sandstone. The surface of the area is composed of Pleistocene deposits of glacial drift and some thin, patchy deposits of Recent age. Bedrock is not known to crop out in the area. The drift ranges in thickness from about 150 feet in the southwest and northeast corners to about 500 feet on the highest part of the Coteau des Prairies.</p>\n<p>The Precambrian granite is not a source of ground water in this area. The Sioux Quartzite yields moderate supplies in adjacent counties to the north and west, but because of its sporadic occurrence it does not constitute an important water source in this area. The Cretaceous sandstone units are a secondary source of ground water and yield adequate supplies 'to at least 24 farm wells, which range in depth from 283 to 586 feet below land surface.</p>\n<p>The primary source of ground water in the Nobles-Jackson County area is the glacial drift. Buried outwash deposits supply water to 7 of the 10 municipalities and to most of the farms in the area. Two Worthington city wells, completed in a buried outwash deposit underlying East Okabena dry lake bed, were tested for short periods at 500 gallons per minute. The estimated coefficient of transmissibility for the aquifer at one of the wells was 70,000 gpd (gallons per day) per ft.</p>\n<p>The buried outwash deposits may occur anywhere within the drift from about 15 feet below land surface to bedrock which is as much as 500 feet below land surface. The outwash ranges from a fraction of a foot to more than 25 feet in thickness where permeable; below the water table it generally will supply ample quantities of water to properly constructed wells.</p>\n<p>Surflcial outwash deposits fill the valley bottoms and form the terrace deposits associated with the present-day drainage channels. The thicker, more extensive, and continuous deposits occur in the proglacial stream channels that drained the fronts of the ice sheets rather than in those channels that now drain the backs of the moraines. The surflcial outwash deposits generally are made up of sand, gravel and some silt and clay, and range in thickness from 0 to more than 60 feet; they range in width from a few feet in the narrow tributaries to about one mile in the larger stream valleys.</p>\n<p>Four municipalities and many farms obtain part or all of their water supplies from surficial outwash. An Adrian municipal well, completed in this source, was pumped at a rate of 400 gpm. At the confluence of two streams which drain Ocheda Lake in southeastern Nobles County, the sand and gravel section is more than 60 feet thick in places. Results of a pumping test here showed an average coefficient of transmissibility of 150,000 gpd per ft. Coefficients of transmissibility may be as much as 500,000 gdp per ft in the thickest part of the deposit if the permeability of the sand and gravel is uniform.</p>\n<p>Recharge to the surflcial outwash deposits is relatively rapid; it is slower to the buried outwash deposits where the descending water must percolate through till of low permeability before entering the aquifers.</p>\n<p>The quality of water in the Precambrian crystalline rocks, the Cretaceous strata, and the buried Pleistocene aquifers is poor. Chemical analyses of 22 water samples showed that dissolved solids ranged from 1,100 ppm (parts per million) to 3,050 ppm. Water from the surficial outwash deposits is good by comparison; dissolved solids in water from these aquifers ranged from 425 to 870 ppm.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1749","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Division of Waters, Minnesota Department of Conservation, and the city of Worthington","usgsCitation":"Norvitch, R.F., 1964, Geology and ground-water resources of Nobles County, and part of Jackson County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1749, Document: iv, 70 p.; 5 Plates: 23.0 x 23.5 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1749.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 70 p.; 5 Plates: 23.0 x 23.5 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28402,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28399,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28404,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415582,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24926.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28403,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28400,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139050,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28401,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Jackson County, Nobles County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.051,\n              43.847\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.051,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.336,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.336,\n              43.847\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.051,\n              43.847\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norvitch, Ralph F.","contributorId":65456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norvitch","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2353,"text":"wsp1600 - 1964 - Geology and ground-water conditions of Clark County, Washington, with a description of a major alluvial aquifer along the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T21:07:44.77317","indexId":"wsp1600","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1600","title":"Geology and ground-water conditions of Clark County, Washington, with a description of a major alluvial aquifer along the Columbia River","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the results of an investigation of the ground-water resources of the populated parts of Clark County. Yields adequate for irrigation can be obtained from wells inmost farmed areas in Clark County, Wash. The total available supply is sufficient for all foreseeable irrigation developments. In a few local areas aquifers are fine-grained, and yields of individual wells are low. An enormous ground-water supply is available from a major alluvial aquifer underlying the flood plain of the Columbia River in the vicinity of Vancouver, Camas, and Washougal, where the aquifer is recharged, in part, by infiltration from the river. Yields of individual wells are large, ranging to as much as 4,000 gpm (gallons per minute). Clark County lies along the western flank of the Cascade Range. in the structural lowland (Willamette-Puget trough) between those mountains and the Coast Ranges to the west. The area covered by the report includes the urban, the suburban, and most of the agricultural lands in the county. These lands lie on a Series of nearly fiat plains and benches which rise steplike from the level of the Columbia River (a few feet above sea level) to about 800 feet above sea level. Clark County is-drained by the Columbia River (the trunk stream of the Pacific Northwest) and its tributaries. The Columbia River forms the southern and western boundaries of the county. Although the climate of the county is considered to be humid, the precipitation ranging from about 37 to more than 110 inches annually in various parts of the county, the unequal seasonal distribution (about 1.5 inches total for ;July and August in the agricultural area) makes irrigation highly desirable for most .crops and essential for some specialized crops. Consolidated rocks of Eocene to Miocene age, chiefly volcanic lava flows and pyroclastics but including some sedimentary strata, crop out in the foothills of the Cascades in the eastern part of the county and underlie the younger, unconsolidated rocks in the lowlands to the west At most places small to moderate quantities of water can be obtained from fractures in the older consolidated rocks. However, in the populated parts of the county, these rocks generally are overlain by considerable thicknesses of more permeable materials, and few wells have been drilled in them. Springs and dug wells yield an ample domestic supply at a number of outlying farms in the foothills. The younger (Pliocene to Recent) unconsolidated materials were deposited chiefly by streams in the basin formed by downwarping of the older rocks. However, some lake deposits and glacial drift also are included. The oldest unit of this group, the lower member of the Troutdale formation of Pliocene age, consists chiefly of clay, silt, and fine sand but includes lenses of coarser sand and, rarely, gravel. The maximum known thickness of the lower member of the Troutdale formation is about 660 feet. This unit is not a good aquifer because most of the strata are fine grained. However, at a few places drilled wells have penetrated lenses of coarser grained materials in these deposits and have obtained small to moderate amounts of water from them. The upper member of the Troutdale formation consists almost entirely of lightly to moderately cemented gravel, of which the most striking feature is the presence of a considerable percentage of quartzite pebbles. The average thickness of the upper member of the Troutdale may originally have been 300 to 400 feet. The member crops out over considerable areas in the county and, where conditions of topography and exposure are optimum, has beer very deeply weathered. It is suggested that the upper member of the Troutdale formation may prove to be of early Pleistocene age.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1600","usgsCitation":"Mundorff, M.J., 1964, Geology and ground-water conditions of Clark County, Washington, with a description of a major alluvial aquifer along the Columbia River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1600, Report: vi, 268 p.; 3 Plates: 35.00 x 50.19 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1600.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 268 p.; 3 Plates: 35.00 x 50.19 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":28281,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1600/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28280,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1600/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28279,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1600/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414663,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24789.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28282,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1600/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1600/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Clark 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Maurice John","contributorId":41404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundorff","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2354,"text":"wsp1654 - 1964 - Ground water for irrigation in the Snake River Basin in Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T18:32:01.922661","indexId":"wsp1654","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1654","title":"Ground water for irrigation in the Snake River Basin in Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>The Snake River basin, in southern Idaho, upstream from the mouth of the Powder River in Oregon, includes more than 50 percent of the land area and 65 percent of the total population of the State. More than 2.5 million acres of land is irrigated ; irrigation agriculture and industry allied with agriculture are the basis of the economy of the basin. Most of the easily developed sources of surface water are fully utilized, and few storage sites remain where water could be made available to irrigate lands under present economic conditions. Because surface-water supplies have be come more difficult to obtain, use of ground water has increased greatly. At the present time (1959), about 600,000 acres of land is irrigated with ground water. Ground-water development has been concentrated in areas where large amounts of water are available beneath or adjacent to tracts of arable land and where the depth to water is not excessive under the current economy. Under these criteria, many of the most favorable areas already have been developed; however, tremendous volumes of water are still available for development. In some places, water occurs at depths considered near or beyond the limit for economic recovery, whereas in some other places, water is reasonably close to the surface but no arable land is available in the vicinity. In other parts of the basin large tracts of arable land are without available water supply. Thus the chief tasks in development of the ground-water resources include not only locating and evaluating ground-water supplies but also the planning necessary to bring the water to the land. Irrigation began in the 1860's ; at the present time more than 10 million acre feet of surface water, some of which is recirculated water, is diverted annually for irrigation of more than 2.5 million acres. Diversion of this large quantity of water has had a marked effect on the ground-water regimen. In some areas, the water table has risen more than 100 feet and the discharge of some springs has more than doubled. Large-scale development of ground water began after World War II, and it is estimated that in 1959 about 1,500,000 acre-feet of ground water was pumped for irrigation of the 600,000 acres irrigated wholly with ground water in addition to a substantial amount of ground water pumped to supplement surface-water supplies. Ground water is also the principal source of supply for municipal, industrial, and domestic use. The water regimen in the Snake River basin is greatly influenced by the geology. The rocks forming the mountains are largely consolidated rocks of low permeability; however, a fairly deep and porous subsoil has formed on them by decay and disintegration of the parent rock. Broad intermontane valleys and basins are partly filled with alluvial sand and gravel. The subsoil and alluvial materials are utilized very little as a source of water supply but are important as seasonal ground-water reservoirs because they store water during periods of high rainfall and snowmelt. Discharge from these reservoirs maintains stream flow during periods of surface runoff. Because these aquifers are fairly thin, they drain rapidly and are considerably depleted at the end of each dry cycle. The plain and plateau areas and tributary valleys, on the other hand, are underlain chiefly by rocks of high permeability and porosity. These rocks, mostly basaltic lava flows and alluvial materials, constitute a reservoir which fluctuates only slightly from season to season. Large amounts' of water are withdrawn from them for irrigation and other uses, and discharge from the Snake Plain aquifer is an important part of the total flow of the Snake River downstream from Hagerman Valley. The ultimate source of ground water in the basin is precipitation on the basin. In the mountainous areas, aquifers mostly are recharged directly by precipitation.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1654","usgsCitation":"Mundorff, M.J., Crosthwaite, E., and Kilburn, C., 1964, Ground water for irrigation in the Snake River Basin in Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1654, vii, 224 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1654.","productDescription":"vii, 224 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414716,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24846.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28283,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1654/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137782,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1654/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.048,\n              45.217\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.213,\n              45.217\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.213,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.048,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.048,\n              45.217\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dc28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mundorff, Maurice John","contributorId":41404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundorff","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crosthwaite, E. G.","contributorId":83098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosthwaite","given":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilburn, Chabot","contributorId":83499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"Chabot","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000274,"text":"1000274 - 1964 - A horizontal sampler for collection of water samples near the bottom","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T12:31:27","indexId":"1000274","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A horizontal sampler for collection of water samples near the bottom","docAbstract":"The need to obtain adequate water samples immediately above a lake bottom or at a precisely defined depth is not new. The problem is of particular concern in a large  section  of  central  Lake  Erie, where dissolved oxygen concentration may be reduced to 1 ppm or less in the hypolimnion and where the metalimnion frequently extends to or within 30 or 60 cm of the bottom (Becton 1963; Cam 1962).It is impossible to sample the hypolimnrtic waters satisfactorily with the usual Nanscn, Kemmerer, and Frautschy bottles (Carr 1962). Although the 500-ml sampler described here was designed, constructed, and used extensively and successfully to meet the particular problem in Lake Erie, it should be equally useful in a varirty of situations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.4319/lo.1964.9.4.0595","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Joeris, L.S., 1964, A horizontal sampler for collection of water samples near the bottom: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 9, no. 4, p. 595-598, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1964.9.4.0595.","productDescription":"p. 595-598","startPage":"595","endPage":"598","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266600,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1964.9.4.0595"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae44c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joeris, Leonard S.","contributorId":104430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joeris","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000364,"text":"1000364 - 1964 - The spottail shiner in Lower Red Lake, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-25T11:53:38","indexId":"1000364","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The spottail shiner in Lower Red Lake, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>On the basis of 14,564 spottail shiners (Notropis hudsonius) from Red Lakes, Minnesota, growth rates, strength of year classes, and food utilization were studied. Males and females had different body-scale relationships, and females grew faster than males. There was high correlation between water temperature and growth rate. Strength of year classes was closely related to size of spawning population. Food habits were related to food availability in both plankton and bottom fauna. Shiner eggs were significant items of food in larger shiners. Bottom organisms were selectively taken, and larger cladocerans were selected by large fish. Cladocerans were preferred to copepods.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[35:TSSILR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Smith, L.L., and Kramer, R.H., 1964, The spottail shiner in Lower Red Lake, Minnesota: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 93, no. 1, p. 35-45, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[35:TSSILR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63606a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Lloyd L. Jr.","contributorId":103618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lloyd","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kramer, Robert H.","contributorId":60576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000316,"text":"1000316 - 1964 - Age, growth, sex ratio, and maturity of the whitefish in central Green Bay and adjacent waters of Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-25T15:28:23","indexId":"1000316","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1664,"text":"Fishery Bulletin of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, growth, sex ratio, and maturity of the whitefish in central Green Bay and adjacent waters of Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>This study is based on 1,023 whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill)--819 in seven samples from five localitites in central Green Bay in 1948-49 and 1851-52 and 204 in a single 1948 collection from northwestern Lake Michigan proper. Records of age indicated unusual strength for only one year class--1943 which strongly dominated the 1948 sample from Lake Michigan and the 1949 sample from Green Bay and was well represented in the 1948 collection from green Bay. Collection of 1951-52 without exception were dominated by age group III. Length distributions of samples varied widely according to the age composition. Among fish more than 2 years old, the length distributions of age groups overlapped broadly. Several 1-inch intervals included fish of four age groups. The length-weight relation varied considerably among central Green Bay samples, but differences among localitites were nearly equalled by the year-to-year difference at a single locality. Lake Michigan whitefish were generally lighter than those from Green Bay. Weight increased to the 3.386 power of length in Green Bay (combined samples) and the 3.359 power in Lake Michigan. Growth in length, calculated by direct proportion from diameter measurements of growth fields on scales, differed among localities in central Green Bay and between samples of different years at a single locality. If permanent locality differences exist they are not large and can be obscured by the evident annual fluctuations of growth. The grand average calculated length of Green Bay whitefish (combined collections) exceeded that of Lake Michigan fish in all years of life. The advantage was greatest (2.2 inches) at 3 years (calculated lengths of 16.0 inches and 13.8 inches) and subsequently declined to 0.5 inch at 9 years (lengths of 24.6 and 24.1 inches). Both groups reached the minimum legal length of 17 inches during the fourth growing season. Green Bay whitefish also had the larger calculated weights. The advantage reached 9.3 ounces in 3 years (calculated weights of 22.4 and 13.1 ounces). In years of life 4-9, the weight advantage over Lake Michigan fish ranged from 8.7 ounces, (seventh year; weights of 74.4 and 65.7 ounces) to 12.2 ounces (ninth year; weights of 96.2 and 84.0 ounces). Comparison of growth of whitefish at four localities in northern Lake Michigan indicates that fastest growth is in central Green Bay and slowest near the Fox Islands. Growth is intermediate and similar in northwestern Lake Michigan proper and sorthern Green Bay. Youngest mature male whitefish in green Bay belonged to age group II and youngest mature females to age group III. All IV-group fish were mature. Shortest mature males were at 14.5-14.9 inches and shortest mature females at 16.5-16.9 inches. All males longer than 17.9 inches and all females longer than 18.4 inches were mature.</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Mraz, D., 1964, Age, growth, sex ratio, and maturity of the whitefish in central Green Bay and adjacent waters of Lake Michigan: Fishery Bulletin of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, v. 63, no. 3, p. 619-634.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"634","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68925b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mraz, Donald","contributorId":21502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mraz","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000315,"text":"1000315 - 1964 - Age and growth of the round whitefish in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T11:32:48","indexId":"1000315","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and growth of the round whitefish in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"The round whitefish, though rarely abundant, is widely distributed in northern waters. It is one of the least studied of the coregonines; the present report is but the second for Great Lakes waters. Commercial production in Lake Michigan has been tightly confined to the northern portion. The period 1924-30 showed the best production: 200,000 to 359,000 pounds. Since 1956, production has been around 10,000 pounds or less. The present age and growth study is based on 208 fish collected by gill net in December 1951. The relation between total length in inches (L) and the weight in ounces (<i>W</i>) is described by the equation log <i>W</i> = -2.7232 + 3.2940 log L. Age-group III made up 66.3 percent, and age-group IV, 20.6 percent of the sample; age-groups V, VI, and VII combined contributed only 5.9 percent. The average length for all fish in the sample was 14.5 inches. Growth was calculated from a previously published linear body-scale relation with an intercept of 1.1 inches on the axis of fish length. The increments of calculated length declined steadily from a maximum of 4.6 inches the first year to 1.0 inch the eighth. A 3-year-old Lake Michigan fish (12.3 inches) is as long as a 5-year-old Lake Superior fish, and an 8-year-old Lake Michigan fish (18.9 inches) is 0.9 inch longer than the oldest (12 years) from Lake Superior. The smallest mature males and females were in the length intervals 12.0-12.4 inches and 13.0-13.4 inches, respectively. All males over 1.4 inches and all females over 14.9 inches were mature. The youngest mature males were in age-group II; 36 percent of II-group males but none of the females were mature. All fish older than age-group III were mature.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[46:AAGOTR]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Mraz, D., 1964, Age and growth of the round whitefish in Lake Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 93, no. 1, p. 46-52, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[46:AAGOTR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266922,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[46:AAGOTR]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":132989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689b6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mraz, Donald","contributorId":21502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mraz","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000110,"text":"1000110 - 1964 - Life history of lake herring in Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1000110","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life history of lake herring in Lake Superior","docAbstract":"The average annual commercial catch of lake herring (Coregonus artedi) in U.S. waters of Lake Superior was nearly 12 million pounds in 1929-61.  This production contributed 62.4 percent of the total U.S. take of lake herring for the Great Lakes.  About 90 percent of the annual catch is taken from small-mesh gill nets during the November-December spawning season.\rThe life-history studies were based on 12,187 fish collected in 1950-62; past growth was computed for 3,779 specimens collected from commercial landings at: Duluth, Minn.; Bayfield, Wis.; and Portage Entry and Marquette, Mich.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fishery Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Dryer, W.R., and Beil, J., 1964, Life history of lake herring in Lake Superior: Fishery Bulletin, v. 63, no. 3, p. 493-530.","productDescription":"p. 493-530","startPage":"493","endPage":"530","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dryer, William R.","contributorId":71921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dryer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beil, Joseph","contributorId":82658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beil","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000108,"text":"1000108 - 1964 - Movements, growth, and rate of recapture of whitefish tagged in the Apostle Islands area of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-29T09:56:25","indexId":"1000108","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements, growth, and rate of recapture of whitefish tagged in the Apostle Islands area of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"<p>A total of 1,303 whitefish were marked with spaghetti streamer tags in Wisconsin waters off Lake Superior in November of 1959, 1960, and 1961 and June-July 1960. The fish tagged in June-July 1960 were mostly undersized (less than 17 inches long) whereas those captured on the spawning grounds and tagged in November 1959-61 were almost all legal size. Of the 374 recoveries (28.7 percent), nearly all were made during the first 2 years after tagging. The earliest returns were from fish which were among the largest when tagged. Over one-half of the recoveries were made within 5 miles of the tagging site; the greatest distance traveled by an individual was 25 miles. The fish tagged in June-July 1960 grew 1.6 inches the first season and 1.2 the second. Of 27 whitefish recaptured within 6 months from the November 1959-61 group, 17 (63 percent) had lost length (range from decrease 0.1 to 1.4 inches). Whitefish of the June-July group recaptured during the second growing season after tagging gave an exploitation rate of 22.6 percent. First-year returns from the November 1959-61 tagging gave an exploitation rate of 20.5 percent. The true exploitation rate probably is higher since no allowance has been made for tagging mortality, loss of tags, or unreported recaptures.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Dryer, W.R., 1964, Movements, growth, and rate of recapture of whitefish tagged in the Apostle Islands area of Lake Superior: Fishery Bulletin, v. 63, no. 3, p. 611-618.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"618","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318406,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fishbull.noaa.gov/63-3/633toc.html"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dryer, William R.","contributorId":71921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dryer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000486,"text":"1000486 - 1964 - Bottom sediments of Saginaw Bay, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-12T08:07:19","indexId":"1000486","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bottom sediments of Saginaw Bay, Michigan","docAbstract":"Saginaw Bay is a southwest extension of Lake Huron on the east shore of the Southern Peninsula of Michigan. It is a shallow-water derivative of the Pleistocene Lake Saginaw. Sixty-one bottom samples were collected on a semigrid pattern and analyzed physically. Findings were treated statistically. Sediments range in size from large pebbles to clay. Medium- to fine-grained clear quartz sand is common to all parts of the bay. Currents and wave action are primarily responsible for both median diameter and sorting distribution patterns. Only a very general correlation can be established between depth and median diameter. Heavy minerals occur in abundance locally and show an affinity to shallow-water areas subject to prevailing currents. Shape also locally determines heavy mineral concentrations. Only general conclusions can be established from roundness and sphericity and acid-soluble content. Increased organic content is correlative with quiet water environments. The shallow-water, heterogeneous nature of Saginaw Bay is not conducive to the recognition of sedimentary criteria suitable for correlations in other than a local environment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/74D71000-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Wood, L.E., 1964, Bottom sediments of Saginaw Bay, Michigan: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 173-184, https://doi.org/10.1306/74D71000-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267262,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/74D71000-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcdf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Leonard E.","contributorId":73157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}