{"pageNumber":"2568","pageRowStart":"64175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70187,"text":"ofr20041439 - 2005 - Hydrogeologic review of the Drake Cement Project, Yavapai County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"ofr20041439","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1439","title":"Hydrogeologic review of the Drake Cement Project, Yavapai County, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041439","usgsCitation":"Wirt, L., 2005, Hydrogeologic review of the Drake Cement Project, Yavapai County, Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1439, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041439.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6909,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1439/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6279fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70184,"text":"sir20055029 - 2005 - Verification of 1921 peak discharge at Skagit River near Concrete, Washington, using 2003 peak-discharge data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"sir20055029","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5029","title":"Verification of 1921 peak discharge at Skagit River near Concrete, Washington, using 2003 peak-discharge data","docAbstract":"The 1921 peak discharge at Skagit River near Concrete, Washington (U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 12194000), was verified using peak-discharge data from the flood of October 21, 2003, the largest flood since 1921. This peak discharge is critical to determining other high discharges at the gaging station and to reliably estimating the 100-year flood, the primary design flood being used in a current flood study of the Skagit River basin.\r\n\r\nThe four largest annual peak discharges of record (1897, 1909, 1917, and 1921) were used to determine the 100-year flood discharge at Skagit River near Concrete. The peak discharge on December 13, 1921, was determined by James E. Stewart of the U.S. Geological Survey using a slope-area measurement and a contracted-opening measurement. An extended stage-discharge rating curve based on the 1921 peak discharge was used to determine the peak discharges of the three other large floods. Any inaccuracy in the 1921 peak discharge also would affect the accuracies of the three other largest peak discharges. \r\n\r\nThe peak discharge of the 1921 flood was recalculated using the cross sections and high-water marks surveyed after the 1921 flood in conjunction with a new estimate of the channel roughness coefficient (n value) based on an n-verification analysis of the peak discharge of the October 21, 2003, flood. The n value used by Stewart for his slope-area measurement of the 1921 flood was 0.033, and the corresponding calculated peak discharge was 240,000 cubic feet per second (ft3/s). Determination of a single definitive water-surface profile for use in the n-verification analysis was precluded because of considerable variation in elevations of surveyed high-water marks from the flood on October 21, 2003. Therefore, n values were determined for two separate water-surface profiles thought to bracket a plausible range of water-surface slopes defined by high-water marks. The n value determined using the flattest plausible slope was 0.024 and the corresponding recalculated discharge of the 1921 slope-area measurement was 266,000 ft3/s. The n value determined using the steepest plausible slope was 0.032 and the corresponding recalculated discharge of the 1921 slope-area measurement was 215,000 ft3/s. The two recalculated discharges were 10.8 percent greater than (flattest slope) and 10.4 percent less than (steepest slope) the 1921 peak discharge of 240,000 ft3/s. The 1921 peak discharge was not revised because the average of the two recalculated discharges (240,500 ft3/s) is only 0.2 percent greater than the 1921 peak discharge.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055029","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M.C., and Kresch, D., 2005, Verification of 1921 peak discharge at Skagit River near Concrete, Washington, using 2003 peak-discharge data: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5029, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055029.","productDescription":"26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6908,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5029/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e482ae4b07f02db4e7635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, M. C.","contributorId":90782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kresch, D. L.","contributorId":52559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresch","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70171,"text":"sir20045090 - 2005 - Vertical distribution of trace-element concentrations and occurrence of metallurgical slag particles in accumulated bed sediments of Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"sir20045090","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5090","title":"Vertical distribution of trace-element concentrations and occurrence of metallurgical slag particles in accumulated bed sediments of Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2002","docAbstract":"Sediment cores were collected from six locations in Lake Roosevelt to determine the vertical distributions of trace-element concentrations in the accumulated sediments of Lake Roosevelt. Elevated concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc occurred throughout much of the accumulated sediments. Concentrations varied greatly within the sediment core profiles, often covering a range of 5 to 10 fold. Trace-element concentrations typically were largest below the surficial sediments in the lower one-half of each profile, with generally decreasing concentrations from the 1964 horizon to the surface of the core. The trace-element profiles reflect changes in historical discharges of trace elements to the Columbia River by an upstream smelter. \r\n\r\nAll samples analyzed exceeded clean-up guidelines adopted by the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation for cadmium, lead, and zinc and more than 70 percent of the samples exceeded cleanup guidelines for mercury, arsenic, and copper. Although 100 percent of the samples exceeded sediment guidelines for cadmium, lead, and zinc, surficial concentrations of arsenic, copper, and mercury in some cores were less than the sediment-quality guidelines. With the exception of copper, the trace-element profiles of the five cores collected along the pre-reservoir Columbia River channel typically showed trends of decreasing concentrations in sediments deposited after the 1964 time horizon. The decreasing concentrations of trace elements in the upper half of cores from along the pre-reservoir Columbia River showed a pattern of decreasing concentrations similar to reductions in trace-element loading in liquid effluent from an upstream smelter. Except for arsenic, trace-element concentrations typically were smaller at downstream reservoir locations along the pre-reservoir Columbia River. Trace-element concentration in sediments from the Spokane Arm of the reservoir showed distinct differences compared to the similarities observed in cores from along the pre-reservoir Columbia River. \r\n\r\nParticles of slag, which have physical and chemical characteristics of slag discharged to the Columbia River by a lead-zinc smelter upstream of the reservoir at Trail, British Columbia, were found in sediments of Lake Roosevelt. Slag particles are more common in the upstream reaches of the reservoir. The chemical composition of the interior matrix of slag collected from Lake Roosevelt closely approximated the reported elemental concentrations of fresh smelter slag, although evidence of slag weathering was observed. Exfoliation flakes were observed on the surface of weathered slag particles isolated from the core sediments. The concentrations of zinc on the exposed surface of slag grains were smaller than concentrations on interior surfaces. Weathering rinds also were observed in the cross section of weathered slag grains, indicating that the glassy slag material was undergoing hydration and chemical weathering. \r\n\r\nTrace elements observed in accumulated sediments in the middle and lower reaches of the reservoir are more likely due to the input from liquid effluent discharges compared to slag discharges from the upstream smelter.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045090","usgsCitation":"Cox, S., Bell, P., Lowther, J., and Van Metre, P., 2005, Vertical distribution of trace-element concentrations and occurrence of metallurgical slag particles in accumulated bed sediments of Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5090, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045090.","productDescription":"80 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6881,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, S.E.","contributorId":66663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, P.R.","contributorId":88824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowther, J.S.","contributorId":83608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowther","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70172,"text":"ofr20051046 - 2005 - Results of coalbed methane drilling in Panola County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"ofr20051046","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1046","title":"Results of coalbed methane drilling in Panola County, Texas","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051046","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., SanFilipo, J., Karlsen, A., and Barker, C., 2005, Results of coalbed methane drilling in Panola County, Texas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1046, 155 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051046.","productDescription":"155 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6882,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1046/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db62497f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":281976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"SanFilipo, John R. 0000-0002-8739-5628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":73228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"John R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karlsen, Alex W.","contributorId":78789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alex W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barker, Charles E.","contributorId":93070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162,"text":"sir20055046 - 2005 - Reducing tensor magnetic gradiometer data for unexploded ordnance detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"sir20055046","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5046","title":"Reducing tensor magnetic gradiometer data for unexploded ordnance detection","docAbstract":"We performed a survey to demonstrate the effectiveness of a prototype tensor magnetic gradiometer system (TMGS) for detection of buried unexploded ordnance (UXO). In order to achieve a useful result, we designed a data-reduction procedure that resulted in a realistic magnetic gradient tensor and devised a simple way of viewing complicated tensor data, not only to assess the validity of the final resulting tensor, but also to preview the data at interim stages of processing. The final processed map of the surveyed area clearly shows a sharp anomaly that peaks almost directly over the target UXO. This map agrees well with a modeled map derived from dipolar sources near the known target locations. From this agreement, it can be deduced that the reduction process is valid, making the prototype TMGS a foundation for development of future systems and processes.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055046","usgsCitation":"Bracken, R.E., and Brown, P., 2005, Reducing tensor magnetic gradiometer data for unexploded ordnance detection (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5046, 1 p. online; 10 p. report, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055046.","productDescription":"1 p. online; 10 p. report","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6876,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5046/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689f40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bracken, Robert E. 0000-0001-7759-2743 rbracken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-2743","contributorId":2640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bracken","given":"Robert","email":"rbracken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Philip J.","contributorId":70483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Philip J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160,"text":"ofr20051030 - 2005 - Determination of total mercury in biological and geological samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"ofr20051030","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1030","title":"Determination of total mercury in biological and geological samples","docAbstract":"The analytical chemist is faced with several challenges when determining mercury in biological and geological materials. These challenges include widespread mercury contamination, both in the laboratory and the environment, possible losses of mercury during sample preparation and digestion, the wide range of mercury values commonly observed, ranging from the low nanogram per gram or per liter for background areas to hundreds of milligrams per kilogram in contaminated or ore-bearing areas, great matrix diversity, and sample heterogeneity1. These factors can be naturally occurring or anthropogenic, but must be addressed to provide a precise and accurate analysis. Although there are many instrumental methods available for the successful determination of mercury, no one technique will address all problems or all samples all of the time. The approach for the determination of mercury used at the U.S. Geological Survey, Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team, Denver Laboratories, utilizes a suite of complementary instrumental methods when approaching a study requiring mercury analyses. Typically, a study could require the analysis of waters, leachates or selective digestions of solids, vegetation, and biological materials such as tissue, bone, or shell, soils, rocks, sediments, coals, sludges, and(or) ashes. No one digestion or sample preparation method will be suitable for all of these matrices. The digestions typically employed at our laboratories include: (i) a closed-vessel microwave method using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, followed by digestion/dilution with a nitric acid/sodium dichromate solution, (ii) a robotic open test-tube digestion with nitric acid and sodium dichromate, (iii) a sealed Teflon? vessel with nitric acid and sodium dichromate, (iv) a sealed glass bottle with nitric acid and sodium dichromate, or (v) open test tube digestion with nitric and sulfuric acids and vanadium pentoxide. The common factor in all these digestions is that they are very oxidative to ensure the conversion of all mercury forms into Hg (II). Each method of digestion has its advantages and limitations. The method of detection used in our laboratories involves a combination of an in-house, custom, classic continuous-flow cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS),\r\na commercially available, automated, flow-injection and a continuous flow cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV-AFS) systems, and a relatively new, automated and integrated approach where solid or liquid samples are thermally decomposed under an oxygen atmosphere (a nitrogen atmosphere is used for coals) and the released mercury vapor trapped onto a gold gauze and then thermally released into an AAS system. Other less frequently used instrumental methods available for the determination of mercury include inductively coupled plasma ? optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively couple plasma ? mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (both solution nebulization and laser ablation), and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Results from two case studies involving the determination of mercury in the challenging matrices of biological materials will be presented. These will include fillet, liver and stomach-content samples from grayling for a baseline/background study in Alaska, and samples of meat tissue and shell material from Tanner crabs from Glacier Bay, Alaska. These studies show that the method of digestion is more important than a very sensitive detection limit for mercury.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051030","usgsCitation":"Crock, J.G., 2005, Determination of total mercury in biological and geological samples (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1030, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051030.","productDescription":"59 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6874,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667683","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, James G. jcrock@usgs.gov","contributorId":200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"James","email":"jcrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70163,"text":"sir20045233 - 2005 - Seepage investigation and selected hydrologic data for the Escalante River drainage basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T16:14:37","indexId":"sir20045233","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5233","title":"Seepage investigation and selected hydrologic data for the Escalante River drainage basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002","docAbstract":"<p>This report contains the results of an October 2001 seepage investigation conducted along a reach of the Escalante River in Utah extending from the U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station near Escalante to the mouth of Stevens Canyon. Discharge was measured at 16 individual sites along 15 consecutive reaches. Total reach length was about 86 miles. A reconnaissance-level sampling of water for tritium and chlorofluorcarbons was also done. In addition, hydrologic and water-quality data previously collected and published by the U.S. Geological Survey for the 2,020-square-mile Escalante River drainage basin was compiled and is presented in 12 tables. These data were collected from 64 surface-water sites and 28 springs from 1909 to 2002.</p><p>None of the 15 consecutive reaches along the Escalante River had a measured loss or gain that exceeded the measurement error. All discharge measurements taken during the seepage investigation were assigned a qualitative rating of accuracy that ranged from 5 percent to greater than 8 percent of the actual flow. Summing the potential error for each measurement and dividing by the maximum of either the upstream discharge and any tributary inflow, or the downstream discharge, determined the normalized error for a reach. This was compared to the computed loss or gain that also was normalized to the maximum discharge. A loss or gain for a specified reach is considered significant when the loss or gain (normalized percentage difference) is greater than the measurement error (normalized percentage error). The percentage difference and percentage error were normalized to allow comparison between reaches with different amounts of discharge.</p><p>The plate that accompanies the report is 36\" by 40\" and can be printed in 16 tiles, 8.5 by 11 inches. An index for the tiles is located on the lower left-hand side of the plate. Using Adobe Acrobat, the plate can be viewed independent of the report; all Acrobat functions are available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/sir20045233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument","usgsCitation":"Wilberg, D.E., and Stolp, B.J., 2005, Seepage investigation and selected hydrologic data for the Escalante River drainage basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5233, Report: vi, 39 p.; 1 Plate: 36.0 x 40.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045233.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 39 p.; 1 Plate: 36.0 x 40.0 inches","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6877,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70161,"text":"sir20055045 - 2005 - Calibrating a tensor magnetic gradiometer using spin data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T18:56:24.226938","indexId":"sir20055045","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5045","title":"Calibrating a tensor magnetic gradiometer using spin data","docAbstract":"Scalar magnetic data are often acquired to discern characteristics of geologic source materials and buried objects. It is evident that a great deal can be done with scalar data, but there are significant advantages to direct measurement of the magnetic gradient tensor in applications with nearby sources, such as unexploded ordnance (UXO). To explore these advantages, we adapted a prototype tensor magnetic gradiometer system (TMGS) and successfully implemented a data-reduction procedure. One of several critical reduction issues is the precise determination of a large group of calibration coefficients for the sensors and sensor array. To resolve these coefficients, we devised a spin calibration method, after similar methods of calibrating space-based magnetometers (Snare, 2001). The spin calibration procedure consists of three parts: (1) collecting data by slowly revolving the sensor array in the Earth?s magnetic field, (2) deriving a comprehensive set of coefficients from the spin data, and (3) applying the coefficients to the survey data. To show that the TMGS functions as a tensor gradiometer, we conducted an experimental survey that verified that the reduction procedure was effective (Bracken and Brown, in press). Therefore, because it was an integral part of the reduction, it can be concluded that the spin calibration was correctly formulated with acceptably small errors.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055045","usgsCitation":"Bracken, R.E., Smith, D.V., and Brown, P., 2005, Calibrating a tensor magnetic gradiometer using spin data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5045, 1 p. online; 9 p. report, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055045.","productDescription":"1 p. online; 9 p. report","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6875,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5045/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185741,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f93e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bracken, Robert E. 0000-0001-7759-2743 rbracken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-2743","contributorId":2640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bracken","given":"Robert","email":"rbracken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David V. 0000-0003-0426-4401 dvsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-4401","contributorId":1306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dvsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Philip J.","contributorId":70483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Philip J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70153,"text":"ofr20041383 - 2005 - Gravity study of the Guernsey Landfill site, Guernsey, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"ofr20041383","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1383","title":"Gravity study of the Guernsey Landfill site, Guernsey, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041383","usgsCitation":"Webring, M.W., Kucks, R.P., and Abraham, J., 2005, Gravity study of the Guernsey Landfill site, Guernsey, Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1383, 2 p. online; 34 p. report; gravity file, metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041383.","productDescription":"2 p. online; 34 p. report; gravity file, metadata","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6870,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1383/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db672041","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webring, Michael W. mwebring@usgs.gov","contributorId":1221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webring","given":"Michael","email":"mwebring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kucks, Robert P.","contributorId":11648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70152,"text":"sim2878 - 2005 - Geologic map and coal stratigraphy of the Blue Gap quadrangle, eastern Washakie Basin, Carbon County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:44","indexId":"sim2878","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2878","title":"Geologic map and coal stratigraphy of the Blue Gap quadrangle, eastern Washakie Basin, Carbon County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"This report provides a geologic map of the Blue Gap 7.5-minute quadrangle, located along the eastern flank of the Washakie Basin, Wyo. Geologic formations and individual coal beds were mapped at a scale of 1:24,000; surface stratigraphic sections were measured and described; and well logs were examined to determine coal correlations and thicknesses in the subsurface.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2878","usgsCitation":"Hettinger, R.D., and Honey, J., 2005, Geologic map and coal stratigraphy of the Blue Gap quadrangle, eastern Washakie Basin, Carbon County, Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2878, 1 sheet, 46.25 in. x 39 in.; metadata, base map, info files; 10 p. text map, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2878.","productDescription":"1 sheet, 46.25 in. x 39 in.; metadata, base map, info files; 10 p. text map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110555,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70638.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"70638"},{"id":185654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6869,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2878/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688764","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hettinger, R. D.","contributorId":92283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hettinger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Honey, J.G.","contributorId":79915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honey","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156,"text":"sim2868 - 2005 - Water-surface elevation data and flood and floodway boundaries for the upper Yellowstone River, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"sim2868","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2868","title":"Water-surface elevation data and flood and floodway boundaries for the upper Yellowstone River, Montana","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2868","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., Holnbeck, S.R., and Chase, K.J., 2005, Water-surface elevation data and flood and floodway boundaries for the upper Yellowstone River, Montana (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2868, 5 sheets, 48 in. x 42 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2868.","productDescription":"5 sheets, 48 in. x 42 in.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6873,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sim20042868/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holnbeck, Stephen R. 0000-0001-7313-9298 holnbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7313-9298","contributorId":1724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holnbeck","given":"Stephen","email":"holnbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, Katherine J. 0000-0002-5796-4148 kchase@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5796-4148","contributorId":454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Katherine","email":"kchase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148,"text":"sir20045292 - 2005 - Changes in composition and porosity occurring during the thermal degradation of wood and wood components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:44","indexId":"sir20045292","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5292","title":"Changes in composition and porosity occurring during the thermal degradation of wood and wood components","docAbstract":"Samples of pine and poplar wood, pine bark, and purified cellulose and lignin were charred at temperatures ranging from 250?C to 500?C for times ranging from 1 hour to 168 hours. Changes in composition were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometry, mass loss, and elemental composition (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) of the char. Structural changes were examined by changes in porosity as measured by nitrogen gas adsorption. 13C NMR spectrometry, mass loss, and elemental composition were combined to estimate the mass of aromatic and aliphatic carbon remaining in the char. Mass loss and elemental composition were combined to estimate the chemical composition of material lost for various time intervals of heating. These analyses showed that aliphatic components in the test materials were either lost or converted to aromatic carbon early in the charring process. Nitrogen adsorption showed that no porosity develops for any of the test materials with heating at 250?C, even though substantial loss of material and changes in composition occurred. Porosity development coincided with the loss of aromatic carbon, indicating that micropores were developing within a fused-ring matrix.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045292","usgsCitation":"Rutherford, D.W., Wershaw, R.L., and Cox, L.G., 2005, Changes in composition and porosity occurring during the thermal degradation of wood and wood components (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5292, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045292.","productDescription":"88 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6868,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5292/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutherford, David W. dwruther@usgs.gov","contributorId":1325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"David","email":"dwruther@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Larry G. lgcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":3310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Larry","email":"lgcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006528,"text":"70006528 - 2005 - Optically stimulated luminescence dating of late Holocene raised strandplain sequences adjacent to Lakes Michigan and Superior, Upper Peninsula, Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T14:25:44","indexId":"70006528","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-01T14:22:20","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optically stimulated luminescence dating of late Holocene raised strandplain sequences adjacent to Lakes Michigan and Superior, Upper Peninsula, Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"<p>This study evaluates the accuracy of optically stimulated luminescence to date well-preserved strandline sequences at Manistique/Thompson bay (Lake Michigan), and Tahquamenon and Grand Traverse Bays (Lake Superior) that span the past ∼4500 yr. The single aliquot regeneration (SAR) method is applied to produce absolute ages for littoral and eolian sediments. SAR ages are compared against AMS and conventional <sup>14</sup>C ages on swale organics. Modern littoral and eolian sediments yield SAR ages <100 yr indicating near, if not complete, solar resetting of luminescence prior to deposition. Beach ridges that yield SAR ages <2000 yr show general agreement with corresponding <sup>14</sup>C ages on swale organics. Significant variability in <sup>14</sup>C ages >2000 cal yr B.P. complicates comparison to SAR ages at all sites. However, a SAR age of 4280 ± 390 yr (UIC913) on ridge77 at Tahquamenon Bay is consistent with regional regression from the high lake level of the Nipissing II phase ca. 4500 cal yr B.P. SAR ages indicate a decrease in ridge formation rate after ∼1500 yr ago, likely reflecting separation of Lake Superior from lakes Huron and Michigan. This study shows that SAR is a credible alternative to <sup>14</sup>C methods for dating littoral and eolian landforms in Great Lakes and other coastal strandplains where <sup>14</sup>C methods prove problematic.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2004.12.001","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Argyilan, E.P., Forman, S., Johnston, J.W., and Wilcox, D.A., 2005, Optically stimulated luminescence dating of late Holocene raised strandplain sequences adjacent to Lakes Michigan and Superior, Upper Peninsula, Michigan, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 63, no. 2, p. 122-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.12.001.","productDescription":"p. 122-135","startPage":"122","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2291","text":"External Repository"},{"id":289244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289243,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.12.001"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f7e4b07b8813a554ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Argyilan, Erin P.","contributorId":104406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyilan","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forman, Steven L.","contributorId":8184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forman","given":"Steven L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, John W.","contributorId":71141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70206698,"text":"70206698 - 2005 - Wind as a geomorphic agent in cold climates by Matti Seppala","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-07T14:20:35.178692","indexId":"70206698","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-01T12:16:18","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wind as a geomorphic agent in cold climates by Matti Seppala","docAbstract":"<p><span>No abstract available.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic392","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, T.D., 2005, Wind as a geomorphic agent in cold climates by Matti Seppala: Arctic, v. 58, no. 1, p. 79-80, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic392.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"80","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic392","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Thomas D.","contributorId":91474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70169040,"text":"70169040 - 2005 - Studies examine contaminants: Pharmaceuticals, hormones and other organic wastewater contaminants in ground water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-10T13:23:40.748854","indexId":"70169040","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5063,"text":"National Driller","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies examine contaminants: Pharmaceuticals, hormones and other organic wastewater contaminants in ground water resources","docAbstract":"<p>Ground water provides approximately 40 percent of the nation&rsquo;s public water supply, and the total percentage of withdrawals for irrigation has increased from 23 percent in 1950 to 42 percent in 2000. Ground water also is a major contributor to flow in many streams and rivers in the United States and has a substantial influence on river and wetland habitats for plants and animals. Organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in the environment recently have been documented to be of global concern with a variety of sources and source pathways.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Business News Publishing Company","publisherLocation":"Troy, MI","usgsCitation":"Barnes, K.K., Kolpin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., Zaugg, S.D., Meyer, M.T., Barber, L.B., and Focazio, M.J., 2005, Studies examine contaminants: Pharmaceuticals, hormones and other organic wastewater contaminants in ground water resources: National Driller, v. 26, no. 3, p. 38-39.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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States\"}}]}","volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e7e0c6e4b0f59b85d6ab21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, Kimberlee K. 0000-0002-8917-7165 kkbarnes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-7165","contributorId":2683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Kimberlee","email":"kkbarnes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":622660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70239108,"text":"70239108 - 2005 - Integrated provenance analysis of a complex orogenic terrane: Mesozoic uplift of the Bogda Shan and Inception of the Turpan-Hami Basin, NW China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T15:15:55.725334","indexId":"70239108","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-01T08:23:31","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated provenance analysis of a complex orogenic terrane: Mesozoic uplift of the Bogda Shan and Inception of the Turpan-Hami Basin, NW China","docAbstract":"<p>We employ petrographic and advanced geochemical techniques to better document the evolution of the Turpan–Hami basin based on the unique geologic histories of the arc terranes that served as potential sources of Turpan–Hami deposits. First, a provenance study of Permian through Cretaceous sandstone of the Turpan–Hami basin reveals temporal and spatial changes in dominant source terranes that provided detritus to the basin. Volcanic-lithic-rich Upper Permian sandstone (mean Qm<sub>19</sub>F<sub>18</sub>Lt<sub>63</sub>; Qp<sub>7</sub>Lvm<sub>89</sub>Lsm<sub>4</sub>; Qm<sub>48</sub>P<sub>39</sub>K<sub>13</sub>) followed by more quartzose compositions in Triassic sandstone (mean Qm<sub>41</sub>F<sub>19</sub>Lt<sub>40</sub>; Qp<sub>20</sub>Lvm<sub>75</sub>Lsm<sub>5</sub>; Qm<sub>68</sub>P<sub>21</sub>K<sub>11</sub>) indicate progressive unroofing of the extinct northern and central Tian Shan arc terranes to the south of Turpan–Hami. A sharp change to sedimentary-lithic-rich Lower Jurassic sandstone (mean Qm<sub>47</sub>F<sub>16</sub>Lt<sub>37</sub>; Qp<sub>16</sub>Lvm<sub>42</sub>Lsm<sub>42</sub>; Qm<sub>75</sub>P<sub>12</sub>K<sub>13</sub>) overlain by a return to volcanic–lithic-rich Middle Jurassic sandstone (mean Qm<sub>39</sub>F<sub>21</sub>Lt<sub>40</sub>; Qp<sub>14</sub>Lvm<sub>51</sub>Lsm<sub>35</sub>; Qm<sub>65</sub>P<sub>21</sub>K<sub>14</sub>) points to the initial uplift and unroofing of the largely andesitic Bogda Shan to the north, which first shed its sedimentary cover as it emerged to become the partition between the Turpan–Hami and southern Junggar basins.</p><p>Second, geochronological, trace-element, and Sm-Nd isotopic variations among granitoids in the late Paleozoic Tian Shan orogenic belt provide a further test of Mesozoic uplift of the Bogda Shan. On the basis of previous models of crustal compositions throughout the South, Central, and North Tian Shan, Bogda Shan, and East and West Junggar terranes, we infer that isotopically enriched granitic cobbles (average εNd<sub>i</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= −0.50,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 6) contained in Lower Triassic deposits in the north-central Turpan–Hami basin were derived from the continental crustal Central Tian Shan terrane, south of Turpan–Hami, and not from the more oceanic North Tian Shan, Bogda Shan, and East and West Junggar terranes, north of the Turpan–Hami basin. We therefore infer that the ancestral Bogda Shan had not been uplifted by the Early Triassic, and that prior to this time, a unified Junggar–Turpan–Hami basin existed during Late Permian deposition of extensive lacustrine deposits</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2005.019","usgsCitation":"Greene, T.J., Carroll, A.R., Wartes, M.A., Graham, S., and Wooden, J.L., 2005, Integrated provenance analysis of a complex orogenic terrane: Mesozoic uplift of the Bogda Shan and Inception of the Turpan-Hami Basin, NW China: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 75, no. 2, p. 251-267, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2005.019.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"267","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Turpan-Hami Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              85.6278426658343,\n              48.1035533004102\n            ],\n            [\n              85.6278426658343,\n              45.26259979791956\n            ],\n            [\n              92.37412591437476,\n              45.26259979791956\n            ],\n            [\n              92.37412591437476,\n              48.1035533004102\n            ],\n            [\n              85.6278426658343,\n              48.1035533004102\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, Todd J.","contributorId":300357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greene","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carroll, Alan R.","contributorId":111442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":860068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wartes, Marwan A.","contributorId":213172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wartes","given":"Marwan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16126,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Stephan A.","contributorId":293143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graham","given":"Stephan A.","affiliations":[{"id":63235,"text":"Stanford Univeristy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":193587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":860071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70209603,"text":"70209603 - 2005 - Evaluation of groundwater movement in the Frenchman Flat CAU using geochemical and isotopic analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-15T13:40:05.420066","indexId":"70209603","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-01T08:18:22","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":295,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"DOE/NV/13609-36","title":"Evaluation of groundwater movement in the Frenchman Flat CAU using geochemical and isotopic analysis","docAbstract":"<div class=\"biblio-detail\"><p id=\"citation-abstract\" class=\"description\">The principal pathway for radionuclide migration from underground tests in Frenchman Flat, on the Nevada Test Site, to the accessible environment is groundwater flow. Two potential pathways for radionuclide transport via groundwater have been identified from hydrologic data: (1) radionuclide transport downward from the alluvial and volcanic aquifers into the underlying carbonate aquifer; and (2) radionuclide transport laterally to the carbonate aquifer surrounding Frenchman Flat. This report presents an evaluation of geochemical and environmental isotopic data to test these potential pathways and to identify other groundwater flowpaths in, and out of, Frenchman Flat.</p></div><div class=\"biblio-detail\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Desert Research Institute","doi":"10.2172/839138","usgsCitation":"Hershey, R., Thomas, J., Rose, T., Paces, J.B., Farnham, I.M., and Benedict, F.C., 2005, Evaluation of groundwater movement in the Frenchman Flat CAU using geochemical and isotopic analysis: Technical Report DOE/NV/13609-36, viii, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.2172/839138.","productDescription":"viii, 65 p.","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/839138","text":"External Repository"},{"id":374008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Frenchman Flat","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.09939575195312,\n              36.72017310567465\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.89889526367188,\n              36.72017310567465\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.89889526367188,\n              36.89499795802219\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.09939575195312,\n              36.89499795802219\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.09939575195312,\n              36.72017310567465\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershey, R.","contributorId":224122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hershey","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, J.","contributorId":224124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, T.","contributorId":224125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rose","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farnham, I. M.","contributorId":224126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farnham","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benedict, F. C.","contributorId":97068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70170958,"text":"70170958 - 2005 - Balancing the generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T15:15:13","indexId":"70170958","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Balancing the generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fossil records suggest that bacteria developed the ability to photosynthesize &asymp;3,500 million years ago (mya), initiating a very slow accumulation of atmospheric oxygen (</span><span class=\"xref-bibr\">1</span><span>). Recent geochemical models suggest that atmospheric oxygen did not accumulate to levels conducive for aerobic life until 500&ndash;1,000 mya (</span><span class=\"xref-bibr\">2</span><span>,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"xref-bibr\">3</span><span>). The oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere resulted in the emergence of aerobic organisms followed by a great diversification of biological species and the eventual evolution of humans.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0500367102","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, R., and Redman, R., 2005, Balancing the generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species: PNAS, v. 102, no. 9, p. 3175-3176, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0500367102.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3175","endPage":"3176","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/552941","text":"External Repository"},{"id":321180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5735a92fe4b0dae0d5df50d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Rusty","contributorId":89423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Rusty","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redman, Regina","contributorId":169295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redman","given":"Regina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175022,"text":"70175022 - 2005 - From climate-change spaghetti to climate-change distributions for 21st Century California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:09:27","indexId":"70175022","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From climate-change spaghetti to climate-change distributions for 21st Century California","docAbstract":"<p>The uncertainties associated with climate-change projections for California are unlikely to disappear any time soon, and yet important long-term decisions will be needed to accommodate those potential changes. Projection uncertainties have typically been addressed by analysis of a few scenarios, chosen based on availability or to capture the extreme cases among available projections. However, by focusing on more common projections rather than the most extreme projections (using a new resampling method), new insights into current projections emerge: (1) uncertainties associated with future greenhouse-gas emissions are comparable with the differences among climate models, so that neither source of uncertainties should be neglected or underrepresented; (2) twenty-first century temperature projections spread more, overall, than do precipitation scenarios; (3) projections of extremely wet futures for California are true outliers among current projections; and (4) current projections that are warmest tend, overall, to yield a moderately drier California, while the cooler projections yield a somewhat wetter future. The resampling approach applied in this paper also provides a natural opportunity to objectively incorporate measures of model skill and the likelihoods of various emission scenarios into future assessments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of California","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., 2005, From climate-change spaghetti to climate-change distributions for 21st Century California: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 3, no. 1, p. 1-14.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325677,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pg6c039"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579889b5e4b0589fa1c6ba55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70133,"text":"ofr20051076 - 2005 - An external peer review of the U.S. Geological Survey energy resource program's economically recoverable coal resource assessment methodology - report and comments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T10:34:04","indexId":"ofr20051076","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1076","title":"An external peer review of the U.S. Geological Survey energy resource program's economically recoverable coal resource assessment methodology - report and comments","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051076","usgsCitation":"Rohrbacher, T.J., Luppens, J.A., Osmonson, L.M., Scott, D.C., and Freeman, P., 2005, An external peer review of the U.S. Geological Survey energy resource program's economically recoverable coal resource assessment methodology - report and comments (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1076, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051076.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6837,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1076/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6847f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rohrbacher, Timothy J.","contributorId":20355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohrbacher","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luppens, James A. 0000-0001-7607-8750 jluppens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7607-8750","contributorId":550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luppens","given":"James","email":"jluppens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osmonson, Lee M.","contributorId":33322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osmonson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":281927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, David C. 0000-0002-7925-7452 dscott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-7452","contributorId":629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"David","email":"dscott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":281924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70130,"text":"sir20055004 - 2005 - Computation of discharge using the index-velocity method in tidally affected areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:52","indexId":"sir20055004","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5004","title":"Computation of discharge using the index-velocity method in tidally affected areas","docAbstract":"Computation of a discharge time-series in a tidally affected area is a two-step process. First, the cross-sectional area is computed on the basis of measured water levels and the mean cross-sectional velocity is computed on the basis of the measured index velocity. Then discharge is calculated as the product of the area and mean velocity. Daily mean discharge is computed as the daily average of the low-pass filtered discharge. The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and San Francisco Bay, California, is an area that is strongly influenced by the tides, and therefore is used as an example of how this methodology is used.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055004","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, C., and Simpson, M.R., 2005, Computation of discharge using the index-velocity method in tidally affected areas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5004, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055004.","productDescription":"41 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8073,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7eda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, Catherine A. 0000-0002-7989-8815","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7989-8815","contributorId":53414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"Catherine A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, Michael R.","contributorId":90704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184390,"text":"70184390 - 2005 - Geochemistry and the understanding of ground-water systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:05:45","indexId":"70184390","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and the understanding of ground-water systems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geochemistry has contributed significantly to the understanding of ground-water systems over the last 50 years. Historic advances include development of the hydrochemical facies concept, application of equilibrium theory, investigation of redox processes, and radiocarbon dating. Other hydrochemical concepts, tools, and techniques have helped elucidate mechanisms of flow and transport in ground-water systems, and have helped unlock an archive of paleoenvironmental information. Hydrochemical and isotopic information can be used to interpret the origin and mode of ground-water recharge, refine estimates of time scales of recharge and ground-water flow, decipher reactive processes, provide paleohydrological information, and calibrate ground-water flow models. Progress needs to be made in obtaining representative samples. Improvements are needed in the interpretation of the information obtained, and in the construction and interpretation of numerical models utilizing hydrochemical data. The best approach will ensure an optimized iterative process between field data collection and analysis, interpretation, and the application of forward, inverse, and statistical modeling tools. Advances are anticipated from microbiological investigations, the characterization of natural organics, isotopic fingerprinting, applications of dissolved gas measurements, and the fields of reaction kinetics and coupled processes. A thermodynamic perspective is offered that could facilitate the comparison and understanding of the multiple physical, chemical, and biological processes affecting ground-water systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s10040-004-0429-y","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., and Plummer, N., 2005, Geochemistry and the understanding of ground-water systems: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 13, no. 1, p. 263-287, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0429-y.","productDescription":"26 p. ","startPage":"263","endPage":"287","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12640e4b014cc3a3d34ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184417,"text":"70184417 - 2005 - The future of hydrogeology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T14:07:04","indexId":"70184417","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The future of hydrogeology","docAbstract":"<p><span>“The Future of Hydrogeology” would seem to be an overly ambitious topic for a theme issue of </span><strong class=\"EmphasisTypeBold \">Hydrogeology Journal</strong><span> or for any other journal. Only a modicum of common sense and experience provides the insight that predicting the future of a science is a task fraught with uncertainty that should be approached with caution and humility. Please be assured that the intent of this issue of the journal is not to predict the future but rather to instigate discussion and to inspire creative thinking about hydrogeology. In their articles, authors have presented personal opinions concerning the future evolution of their subjects based on their experience. This is an acceptable approach, considering that any view of the future can be no more than an educated guess. Most authors have given their opinion after an expert and insightful review of the evolution of their subject to the present time or after reviewing the current state of knowledge or practice of their subject. Consequently, this issue of the Hydrogeology Journal provides an exciting view of potential developments in crucial aspects of hydrogeology founded upon developments to date.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s10040-005-0435-8","usgsCitation":"Voss, C.I., 2005, The future of hydrogeology: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 13, no. 1, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-005-0435-8.","productDescription":"6 p.  ","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-005-0435-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263fe4b014cc3a3d34c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70119,"text":"sir20045120 - 2005 - Physical and chemical characteristics of Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons, and effects of recreational use on water quality, Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-04T09:04:56","indexId":"sir20045120","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5120","title":"Physical and chemical characteristics of Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons, and effects of recreational use on water quality, Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah","docAbstract":"Side canyons of Lake Powell are the most popular recreation areas of the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area in Arizona and Utah. There are more than 90 side canyons that are tributaries to the main lake body of Lake Powell. Near Bullfrog and Halls Crossing marinas in Utah, visitors frequent Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons to fish, boat, camp, and hike the sandstone formations for which Lake Powell is famous. Areas of recreational activity are greatest near beaches in side canyons. Emissions from houseboats, personal watercraft, speedboats, and from some nonboating recreational activities introduce contaminants to the lake and to beach areas.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey documented concentrations of trace elements, volatile organic compounds, organic wastewater contaminants, and other byproducts of fuel-based contaminants in water and bed material in Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons during the summers of 2001 and 2002. Field work was conducted during four trips when recreational use was at a minimum (before Memorial Day in May) and when it was at a maximum (near Labor Day in September). Knowles Canyon was treated as a control; therefore, public access by motorcraft was not permitted during the study. Electric-powered or oar-powered research boats were used to collect samples and measure properties in Knowles Canyon. Record-low reservoir elevations during 2000-2002 limited the availability of camping and day-use beaches in Forgotten and Moqui Canyons. Although more beach areas were exposed during this period, the steep slopes of the beaches made it difficult to use the beaches for camping purposes.\r\n\r\nSide canyon waters of Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons were similarly stratified (physically and chemically) during the study from natural advective and convective reservoir processes. Metalimnetic oxygen minimas were observed in September 2001 and 2002 in the side canyons and the main body of Lake Powell. Chemical concentrations of several organic constituents were elevated in Forgotten and Moqui Canyons during the high-use period in September of 2001 and 2002 compared with concentrations during the low-use period in May of 2001 and 2002. Concentrations of some constituents decreased from the mouth of each canyon to the canyon's headwaters, indicating that there could be a mechanism for constituent removal or that the main body of Lake Powell is not in equilibrium with the headwaters of the side canyons. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX compounds), were highest in the upper reaches of Forgotten and Moqui Canyons where visitor use was greatest. Trace amounts of some organic wastewater compounds, including cholesterol, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), were measured in Forgotten and Moqui Canyons. Except for minor concentrations of some volatile organic compounds and cholesterol, contamination from visitor use in Knowles Canyon was not detected, most likely because the canyon was closed to access.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of some organic compounds in bed material sampled in the side canyons near popular beach areas, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons, were above the laboratory detection limits. Several other constituents were present in trace amounts. Benzyl n-butylphthalate and bis (2 ethyl)-phthalate were detected at concentrations above laboratory detection limits. Numerous trace elements were detected above laboratory detection limits in Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons.\r\n\r\nAll water samples from the side canyon transects had low colony counts of Escherichia coli (E. coli); the highest count was less than one-fourth of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended limit for recreational water. Four water samples collected near beaches in Moqui Canyon had E. coli colony counts that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended limit.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045120","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.J., Taylor, H.E., Antweiler, R.C., Fisk, G.G., Anderson, G., Roth, D., Flynn, M., Peart, D., Truini, M., and Barber, L.B., 2005, Physical and chemical characteristics of Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons, and effects of recreational use on water quality, Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5120, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045120.","productDescription":"116 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6831,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5120/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Lake Powell","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.654052734375,\n              36.94330661415311\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.060791015625,\n              36.94330661415311\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.060791015625,\n              37.125286284966805\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.654052734375,\n              37.125286284966805\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.654052734375,\n              36.94330661415311\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Robert J. bhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Robert","email":"bhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisk, Greg G.","contributorId":50783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisk","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, G.M.","contributorId":106373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roth, D.A.","contributorId":100864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Peart, D.B.","contributorId":45304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peart","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70121,"text":"ofr20051064 - 2005 - Descriptions of the Animas River-Cement Creek confluence and mixing zone near Silverton, Colorado, during the late summers of 1996 and 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T20:12:26","indexId":"ofr20051064","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1064","title":"Descriptions of the Animas River-Cement Creek confluence and mixing zone near Silverton, Colorado, during the late summers of 1996 and 1997","docAbstract":"Acidic waters from Cement Creek discharge into the circum-neutral Animas River in a high-elevation region of the San Juan Mountains near Silverton, Colorado. Cement Creek is acidic and enriched in metals and sulfate because it is fed by discharges from abandoned mines and natural mineral deposits. Mixing with the Animas River raises the pH and produces precipitates of iron and aluminum (oxy)hydroxides, which in turn can adsorb other metals. This confluence was studied in 1996 and 1997 to better understand mixing and sorption processes which are common during the neutralization of acidic streams. The photographs in this report show flow braiding and other features that influenced the way the two streams mixed during the late summers of the two years. They also show 'banding' due to incomplete mixing and 'opalescence' due to chemical reactions and the formation of colloidal-size particles in the mixing zone.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051064","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L.E., and Cox, M.H., 2005, Descriptions of the Animas River-Cement Creek confluence and mixing zone near Silverton, Colorado, during the late summers of 1996 and 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1064, 8 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051064.","productDescription":"8 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6833,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Littleton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.04491806030273,\n              39.580422579279556\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.98947143554686,\n              39.580422579279556\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.98947143554686,\n              39.630680144959776\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.04491806030273,\n              39.630680144959776\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.04491806030273,\n              39.580422579279556\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669094","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Marisa H.","contributorId":52146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Marisa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}