Life history theory predicts a decrease in survival with increased reproductive effort of individuals. This relationship, however, is highly variable among and within species. I studied the nesting success and survival of adult female Emperor Geese during 1982-1986 and found no direct evidence that differential reproductive effort as measured by the number of eggs laid or hatching success had a significant negative effect on survival to the next breeding season. Incubated clutch size, hatched clutch size, number of parasitic eggs, nest initiation date, hatch date, and mass at hatch were not related to subsequent survival. Of the factors I examined, only an attempt to nest the previous season was related to survival of a female. I suggest that the higher probability of survival among non-nesting adult female Emperor Geese was primarily related to hunting pressure on the nesting area between spring and fall migration. The probability of survival was increased for females with larger clutches, suggesting a positive relationship between brood size and survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369212","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., 1992, Reproductive ecology of Emperor Geese: Survival of adult females: The Condor, v. 94, no. 2, p. 398-406, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369212.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"398","endPage":"406","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kokechik Bay. Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a819b9e4b025c46429afe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182164,"text":"70182164 - 1992 - Density of loons in central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T14:38:20","indexId":"70182164","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Density of loons in central Alaska","docAbstract":"Loons breed across North America from the high arctic south to about 43 north latitude. (AOU 1983). Populations, particularly of Common Loons (Gavia immer) have recently declined in the continental U.S. and southern Canada (Sutcliff 1979, Titus and VanDruff 1981, McIntyre 1988). As a result, state and private natural resource organizations began more intensive monitoring of loon populations (in McIntyre 1986, Strong 1988). These surveys, however, are restricted to areas accessible by road, although recently aircraft were used for more remote areas (Lee and Arbuckle 1988, Strong 1990).
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1368819","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., and Quang, P.X., 1992, Density of loons in central Alaska: The Condor, v. 94, no. 1, p. 282-286, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368819.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"282","endPage":"286","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a819b9e4b025c46429afe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quang, Pham Xuan","contributorId":179137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quang","given":"Pham","email":"","middleInitial":"Xuan","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184258,"text":"70184258 - 1992 - Paleomagnetism of the Late Triassic Hound Island Volcanics: Revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T15:47:53.957765","indexId":"70184258","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism of the Late Triassic Hound Island Volcanics: Revisited","docAbstract":"The collision and accretion of the Alexander terrane profoundly influenced the geologic history of Alaska and western Canada; however, the terrane's displacement history is only poorly constrained by sparse paleomagnetic studies. We studied the paleomagnetism of the Hound Island Volcanics in order to evaluate the location of the Alexander terrane in Late Triassic time. We collected 618 samples at 102 sites in and near the Keku Strait, Alaska, from the Late Triassic Hound Island Volcanics, the Permian Pybus Formation, and 23-Ma gabbroic intrusions. We found three components of magnetization in the Hound Island Volcanics. The high-temperature component (component A) resides in hematite and magnetite and was found only in highly oxidized lava flows in a geographically restricted area. We think it is primary, or acquired soon after eruption of the lavas, principally because the directions pass a fold test. The paleolatitude indicated by this component (19.2° ± 10.3°) is similar to those determined for various portions of Wrangellia, consistent with the geologic interpretation that the Alexander terrane was with the Wrangellia terrane in Late Triassic time. We found two overprint directions in the Hound Island Volcanics. Component B was acquired 23 m.y. ago due to intrusion of gabbroic dikes and sills. This interpretation is indicated by the similarity of upper-hemisphere directions in the Hound Island Volcanics to those in the gabbro. Component C, found in both the Hound Island Volcanics and the Permian Pybus Formation, is oriented northeast and down, fails a regional fold test, and was acquired after regional deformation around 90 to 100 Ma. This overprint direction yields a paleolatitude similar to, but slightly higher than, slightly older rocks from the Coast Plutonic Complex, suggesting that the Alexander terrane was displaced 17° in early Late Cretaceous time. The occurrence of these two separate overprinting events provides a satisfying explanation of the earlier puzzling results from the Hound Island Volcanics (Hillhouse and Grommé, 1980). Finally, great-circle analysis of the paleomagnetic data from the Pybus Formation suggests the Alexander terrane may have been in the northern hemisphere in Permian time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/92JB01361","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Coe, R.S., and Onstott, T., 1992, Paleomagnetism of the Late Triassic Hound Island Volcanics: Revisited: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 97, no. B13, p. 19617-19639, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB01361.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"19617","endPage":"19639","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336858,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Hound Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -134.23361329000784,\n 56.975985188735336\n ],\n [\n -134.23361329000784,\n 56.77541696502709\n ],\n [\n -133.70105298268945,\n 56.77541696502709\n ],\n [\n -133.70105298268945,\n 56.975985188735336\n ],\n [\n -134.23361329000784,\n 56.975985188735336\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"B13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8340e4b014cc3a3a9a2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Robert S.","contributorId":20477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Onstott, T.C.","contributorId":47006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onstott","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187312,"text":"70187312 - 1992 - Lower Cretaceous smarl turbidites of the Argo Abyssal Plain, Indian Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:18:03","indexId":"70187312","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5640,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","onlineIssn":"1096-7451","printIssn":"0884-5891","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"123","chapter":"5","title":"Lower Cretaceous smarl turbidites of the Argo Abyssal Plain, Indian Ocean","docAbstract":"Sediments recovered during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 123 from the Argo Abyssal Plain (AAP) consist largely of turbidites derived from the adjacent Australian continental margin. The oldest abundant turbidites are Valanginian-Aptian in age and have a mixed (smarl) composition; they contain subequal amounts of calcareous and siliceous biogenic components, as well as clay and lesser quartz. Most are thin-bedded, fine sand to mud-sized, and best described by Stow and Piper's model (1984) for fine-grained biogenic turbidites. Thicker (to 3 m), coarser-grained (medium-to-coarse sand-sized) turbidites fit Bouma's model (1962) for sandy turbidites; these generally are base-cut-out (BCDE, BDE) sequences, with B-division parallel lamination as the dominant structure. Parallel laminae most commonly concentrate quartz and/or calcispheres vs. lithic clasts or clay, but distinctive millimeter to centimeter-thick, radiolarian-rich laminae occur in both fine and coarse-grained Valanginian-Hauterivian turbidites.
AAP turbidites were derived from relatively deep parts of the continental margin (outer shelf, slope, or rise) that lay below the photic zone, but above the calcite compensation depth (CCD). Biogenic components are largely pelagic (calcispheres, foraminifers, radiolarians, nannofossils); lesser benthic foraminifers are characteristic of deep-water (abyssal to bathyal) environments. Abundant nonbiogenic components are mostly clay and clay clasts; smectite is the dominant clay species, and indicates a volcanogenic provenance, most likely the Triassic-Jurassic volcanic suite exposed along the northern Exmouth Plateau.
Lower Cretaceous smarl turbidites were generated during eustatic lowstands and may have reached the abyssal plain via Swan Canyon, a submarine canyon thought to have formed during the Late Jurassic. In contrast to younger AAP turbidites, however, Lower Cretaceous turbidites are relatively fine-grained and do not contain notably older reworked fossils. Early in its history, the northwest Australian margin provided mainly contemporaneous slope sediment to the AAP; marginal basins adjacent to the continent trapped most terrigenous detritus, and pronounced canyon incisement did not occur until Late Cretaceous and, especially, Cenozoic time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.123.154.1992","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., 1992, Lower Cretaceous smarl turbidites of the Argo Abyssal Plain, Indian Ocean: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 123, v. 123, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.123.154.1992.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"135","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.123.154.1992","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Argo Abyssal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 123,\n -21\n ],\n [\n 112,\n -21\n ],\n [\n 112,\n -10\n ],\n [\n 123,\n -10\n ],\n [\n 123,\n -21\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"123","publicComments":"Volume topic: Argo Abyssal Plain/Exmouth Plateau, covering Leg 123 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel JOIDES Resolution, Singapore, Republic of Sing., to Singapore, Republic of Sing., Sites 765-766, 28 August 1988 - 1 November 1988","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030339e4b0e862d230f7f8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stewart, Sondra K.","contributorId":117324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Sondra","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730033,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennett, Diana","contributorId":27521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennett","given":"Diana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730050,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazzullo, Elsa K.","contributorId":60618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzullo","given":"Elsa","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730051,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017095,"text":"70017095 - 1992 - Paleoecology of late-glacial peats from the bering land bridge, Chukchi Sea shelf region, northwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T13:54:44","indexId":"70017095","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoecology of late-glacial peats from the bering land bridge, Chukchi Sea shelf region, northwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"Insect fossils and pollen from late Pleistocene nonmarine peat layers were recovered from cores from the shelf region of the Chukchi Sea at depths of about 50 m below sea level. The peats date to 11,300-11,000 yr B.P. and provide a limiting age for the regional Pleistocene-Holocene marine transgression. The insect fossils are indicative of arctic coastal habitats like those of the Mackenzie Delta region (mean July temperatures = 10.6-14??C) suggesting that 11,000 yr ago the exposed Chukchi Sea shelf had a climate substantially warmer than modern coastal regions of the Alaskan north slope. The pollen spectra are consistent with the age assignment to the Birch Interval (14,000-9000 yr B.P.). The data suggest a meadow-like graminoid tundra with birch shrubs and some willow shrubs growing in sheltered areas. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(92)90045-K","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Elias, S.A., Short, S.K., and Phillips, R., 1992, Paleoecology of late-glacial peats from the bering land bridge, Chukchi Sea shelf region, northwestern Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 38, no. 3, p. 371-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(92)90045-K.","startPage":"371","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266479,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(92)90045-K"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73dae4b0c8380cd772af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, S. A.","contributorId":65996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elias","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Short, S. K.","contributorId":6596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, R. L.","contributorId":98289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017314,"text":"70017314 - 1992 - Determining baselines and variability of elements in plants and soils near the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017314","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining baselines and variability of elements in plants and soils near the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","docAbstract":"Recent investigations on the Kenai Peninsula had two major objectives: (1) to establish elemental baseline concentrations ranges for native vegetation and soils; and, (2) to determine the sampling density required for preparing stable regional geochemical maps for various elements in native plants and soils. These objectives were accomplished using an unbalanced, nested analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) barbell sampling design. Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) BSG (feather moss, whole plant), Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce, twigs and needles), and soil horizons (02 and C) were collected and analyzed for major and trace total element concentrations. Using geometric means and geometric deviations, expected baseline ranges for elements were calculated. Results of the ANOVA show that intensive soil or plant sampling is needed to reliably map the geochemistry of the area, due to large local variability. For example, producing reliable element maps of feather moss using a 50 km cell (at 95% probability) would require sampling densities of from 4 samples per cell for Al, Co, Fe, La, Li, and V, to more than 15 samples per cell for Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn.Recent investigations on the Kenai Peninsula had two major objectives: (1) to establish elemental baseline concentrations ranges for native vegetation and soils; and, (2) to determine the sampling density required for preparing stable regional geochemical maps for various elements in native plants and soils. These objectives were accomplished using an unbalanced, nested analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) barbell sampling design. Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) BSG (feather moss, whole plant), Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce, twigs and needles), and soil horizons (02 and C) were collected and analyzed for major and trace total element concentrations. Using geometric means and geometric deviations, expected baseline ranges for elements were calculated. Results of the ANOVA show that intensive soil or plant sampling is needed to reliably map the geochemistry of the area, due to large local variability. For example, producing reliable element maps of feather moss using a 50 km cell (at 95% probability) would require sampling densities of from 4 samples per cell Al, Co, Fe, La, Li, and V, to more than 15 samples per cell for Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF00475493","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Severson, R.C., and Gough, L.P., 1992, Determining baselines and variability of elements in plants and soils near the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 63, no. 3-4, p. 253-271, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00475493.","startPage":"253","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205615,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00475493"},{"id":225213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffede4b0c8380cd4f49d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017313,"text":"70017313 - 1992 - Distribution and characteristics of metamorphic belts in the south-eastern Alaska part of the North American Cordillera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-09T16:41:51.95497","indexId":"70017313","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2389,"text":"Journal of Metamorphic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and characteristics of metamorphic belts in the south-eastern Alaska part of the North American Cordillera","docAbstract":"The Cordilleran orogen in south-eastern Alaska includes 14 distinct metamorphic belts that make up three major metamorphic complexes, from east to west: the Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex in the Coast Mountains; the Glacier Bay–Chichagof plutonic–metamorphic complex in the central part of the Alexander Archipelago; and the Chugach plutonic–metamorphic complex in the northern outer islands. Each of these complexes is related to a major subduction event. The metamorphic history of the Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex is lengthy and is related to the Late Cretaceous collision of the Alexander and Wrangellia terranes and the Gravina overlap assemblage to the west against the Stikine terrane to the east. The metamorphic history of the Glacier Bay–Chichagof plutonic–metamorphic complex is relatively simple and is related to the roots of a Late Jurassic to late Early Cretaceous island arc. The metamorphic history of the Chugach plutonic–metamorphic complex is complicated and developed during and after the Late Cretaceous collision of the Chugach terrane with the Wrangellia and Alexander terranes.
The Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex records both dynamothermal and regional contact metamorphic events related to widespread plutonism within several juxtaposed terranes. Widespread moderate-P/T dynamothermal metamorphism affected most of this complex during the early Late Cretaceous, and local high-P/T metamorphism affected some parts during the middle Late Cretaceous. These events were contemporaneous with low- to moderate-P, high-T metamorphism elsewhere in the complex. Finally, widespread high-P–T conditions affected most of the western part of the complex in a culminating late Late Cretaceous event. The eastern part of the complex contains an older, pre-Late Triassic metamorphic belt that has been locally overprinted by a widespread middle Tertiary thermal event.
The Glacier Bay–Chichagof plutonic–metamorphic complex records dominantly regional contact-metamorphic events that affected rocks of the Alexander and Wrangellia terranes. Widespread low-P, high-T assemblages occur adjacent to regionally extensive foliated granitic, dioritic and gabbroic rocks. Two closely related plutonic events are recognized, one of Late Jurassic age and another of late Early and early Late Cretaceous age; the associated metamorphic events are indistinguishable. A small Late Devonian or Early Mississippian dynamothermal belt occurs just north-east of the complex. Two older low-grade regional metamorphic belts on strike with the complex to the south are related to a Cambrian to Ordovician orogeny and to a widespread Middle Silurian to Early Devonian orogeny.
The Chugach plutonic–metamorphic complex records a widespread late Late Cretaceous low- to medium/high-P, moderate- T metamorphic event and a local transitional or superposed early Tertiary low-P, high-T regional metamorphic event associated with mesozonal granitic intrusions that affected regionally deformed and metamorphosed rocks of the Chugach terrane. The Chugach complex also includes a post-Late Triassic to pre-Late Jurassic belt with uncertain relations to the younger belts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1314.1992.tb00097.x","issn":"02634929","usgsCitation":"Brew, D.A., Himmelberg, G.R., Loney, R.A., and Ford, A.B., 1992, Distribution and characteristics of metamorphic belts in the south-eastern Alaska part of the North American Cordillera: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 10, no. 3, p. 465-482, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1992.tb00097.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a027fe4b0c8380cd50088","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelberg, G. R.","contributorId":27106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loney, R. A.","contributorId":90757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, A. B.","contributorId":44924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017209,"text":"70017209 - 1992 - Geochemistry of waters in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017209","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of waters in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes region, Alaska","docAbstract":"Meteoric waters from cold springs and streams outside of the 1912 eruptive deposits filling the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) and in the upper parts of the two major rivers draining the 1912 deposits have similar chemical trends. Thermal springs issue in the mid-valley area along a 300-m lateral section of ash-flow tuff, and range in temperature from 21 to 29.8??C in early summer and from 15 to 17??C in mid-summer. Concentrations of major and minor chemical constituents in the thermal waters are nearly identical regardless of temperature. Waters in the downvalley parts of the rivers draining the 1912 deposits are mainly mixtures of cold meteoric waters and thermal waters of which the mid-valley thermal spring waters are representative. The weathering reactions of cold waters with the 1912 deposits appear to have stabilized and add only subordinate amounts of chemical constituents to the rivers relative to those contributed by the thermal waters. Isotopic data indicate that the mid-valley thermal spring waters are meteoric, but data is inconclusive regarding the heat source. The thermal waters could be either from a shallow part of a hydrothermal system beneath the 1912 vent region or from an incompletely cooled, welded tuff lens deep in the 1912 ash-flow sheet of the upper River Lethe area. Bicarbonate-sulfate waters resulting from interaction of near-surface waters and the cooling 1953-1968 southwest Trident plug issue from thermal springs south of Katmai Pass and near Mageik Creek, although the Mageik Creek spring waters are from a well-established, more deeply circulating hydrothermal system. Katmai caldera lake waters are a result of acid gases from vigorous drowned fumaroles dissolving in lake waters composed of snowmelt and precipitation. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Keith, T.E., Thompson, J., Hutchinson, R., and White, L.D., 1992, Geochemistry of waters in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes region, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 49, no. 3-4, p. 209-231.","startPage":"209","endPage":"231","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1729e4b0c8380cd553e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keith, T. E. C.","contributorId":11681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J. M.","contributorId":77142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutchinson, R. A.","contributorId":62218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, L. D.","contributorId":14330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017062,"text":"70017062 - 1992 - The plinian eruptions of 1912 at Novarupta, Katmai National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017062","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The plinian eruptions of 1912 at Novarupta, Katmai National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"The three-day eruption at Novarupta in 1912 consisted of three discrete episodes. Episode I began with plinian dispersal of rhyolitic fallout (Layer A) and contemporaneous emplacement of rhyolitic ignimbrites and associated proximal veneers. The plinian column was sustained throughout most of the interval of ash flow generation, in spite of progressive increases in the proportions of dacitic and andesitic ejecta at the expense of rhyolite. Accordingly, plinian Layer B, which fell in unbroken continuity with purely rhyolitic Layer A, is zoned from >99% to ???15% rhyolite and accumulated synchronously with emplacement of the correspondingly zoned ash flow sequence in Mageik Creek and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS). Only the andesiterichest flow units that cap the flow sequence lack a widespread fallout equivalent, indicating that ignimbrite emplacement barely outlasted the plinian phase. On near-vent ridges, the passing ash flows left proximal ignimbrite veneers that share the compositional zonation of their valley-filling equivalents but exhibit evidence for turbulent deposition and recurrent scour. Episode II began after a break of a few hours and was dominated by plinian dispersal of dacitic Layers C and D, punctuated by minor proximal intraplinian flows and surges. After another break, dacitic Layers F and G resulted from a third plinian episode (III); intercalated with these proximally are thin intraplinian ignimbrites and several andesite-rich fall/flow layers. Both CD and FG were ejected from an inner vent <400 m wide (nested within that of Episode I), into which the rhyolitic lava dome (Novarupta) was still later extruded. Two finer-grained ash layers settled from composite regional dust clouds: Layer E, which accumulated during the D-F hiatus, includes a contribution from small contemporaneous ash flows; and Layer H settled after the main eruption was over. Both are distinct layers in and near the VTTS, but distally they merge with CD and FG, respectively; they are largely dacitic but include rhyolitic shards that erupted during Episode I and were kept aloft by atmospheric turbulence. Published models yield column heights of 23-26 km for A, 22-25 km for CD, and 17-23 km for FG; and peak mass eruption rates of 0.7-1x108, 0.6-2x108, and 0.2-0.4x108 kg s-1, respectively. Fallout volumes, adjusted to reflect calculated redistribution of rhyolitic glass shards, are 8.8 km3, 4.8 km3, and 3.4 km3 for Episodes I, II, and III. Microprobe analyses of glass show that as much as 0.4 km3 of rhyolitic glass shards from eruptive Episode I fell with CDE and 1.1 km3 with FGH. Most of the rhyolitic ash in the dacitic fallout layers fell far downwind (SE of the vent); near the rhyolite-dominated ignimbrite, however, nearly all of Layers E and H are dacitic, showing that the downwind rhyolitic ash is of 'co-plinian' rather than co-ignimbrite origin. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00430778","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Fierstein, J., and Hildreth, W., 1992, The plinian eruptions of 1912 at Novarupta, Katmai National Park, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 54, no. 8, p. 646-684, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00430778.","startPage":"646","endPage":"684","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479593,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232468","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205558,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430778"},{"id":224816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae9fe4b08c986b324212","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fierstein, J.","contributorId":67666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017050,"text":"70017050 - 1992 - Pyroclastic deposits of the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field, southeast Alaska: eruptions of a stratified magma chamber","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017050","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pyroclastic deposits of the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field, southeast Alaska: eruptions of a stratified magma chamber","docAbstract":"The Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field in southeastern Alaska consists of 5-6 km3 (DRE) of postglacial pyroclasts that overlie Pleistocene lavas. All eleven pyroclast vents align with the long axis of the field, implying that the pyroclast magma conduits followed a crustal fissure. Most of these vents had previously erupted lavas that are compositionally similar to the pyroclasts, so a persistent magma system (chamber) had likely evolved by the onset of the pyroclastic eruptions. The pyroclastic sequence was deposited in about a millennium and is remarkable for a wide range of upward-increasing silica contents (51-72% SiO2), which is consistent with rise of coexisting magmas at different rates governed by their viscosity. Basaltic and andesitic lava flows have erupted throughout the lifetime of the field. Rhyolite erupted late; we infer that it formed early but was hindered from rising by its high viscosity. Most of the magmas-and all siliceous ones-erupted from vents on the central fissure. Basalt has not erupted from the center of the field during at least the latter part of its lifetime. Thus the field may illustrate basalt underplating: heat and mass flux are concentrated at the center of a stratified magma chamber in which a cap of siliceous melt blocks the rise of basalt. Major-element, strontium isotope, and mineral compositions of unaltered pyroclasts are broadly similar to those of older lavas of similar SiO2 content. Slightly fewer phenocrysts, inherited grains, and trace amphibole in pyroclastic magmas may be due simply to faster rise and less undercooling and degassing before eruption relative to the lavas. Dacite occurs only in the youngest deposits; the magma formed by mixing of andesitic and rhyolitic magmas erupted shortly before by the dacitic vents. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Champion, D., Brew, D.A., and Lanphere, M.A., 1992, Pyroclastic deposits of the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field, southeast Alaska: eruptions of a stratified magma chamber: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 53, no. 1-4, p. 117-143.","startPage":"117","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a905ae4b0c8380cd7fca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Champion, D.E.","contributorId":70402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182605,"text":"70182605 - 1992 - Sedimentary history of the Tethyan margins of eastern Gondwana during the Mesozoic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:19:33","indexId":"70182605","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sedimentary history of the Tethyan margins of eastern Gondwana during the Mesozoic","docAbstract":"A composite Mesozoic geological history for the Gondwana margins to the Eastern Tethys Ocean can be assembled from stratigraphic successions on the Australian and Himalayan margins and from drill sites of Ocean Drilling Program Legs 122 and 123. During the Triassic, this region drifted northwards, entering tropical paleolatitudes during the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, then returned to mid-latitudes for the Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous. Shallow-water carbonates are restricted to the tropical-latitude interval; at other times, the margins are dominated by clastic deposition. Episodes of deltaic sandstone progradation over the shelves are caused by eustatic sealevel fluctuations, by wet climatic conditions within the source regions and by local tectonic activity. A major hiatus between Callovian shallow-water shelf deposits and Oxfordian deep-water sediments is an ubiquitous feature, which may be related to a widespread plate tectonic reorganization and the cascading effects of associated sealevel rise and elevated carbon dioxide levels. Off Northwest Australia, this Callovian/Oxfordian event also coincides with an episode of block faulting. Marginal sediments deposited during the Late Jurassic are mainly marine claystone containing abundant terrigenous organic matter. Shallow depths of carbonate compensation (CCD) during the Late Jurassic through Early Cretaceous prevented the preservation of carbonate over most of the Argo basin off Northwest Australia, and these deep-sea sediments consist mainly of condensed, oxygenated radiolarian-rich claystone. During the late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian, a downward excursion in the CCD enabled limited preservation of some larger nannofossils and mollusc fragments within the pelagic deposits, a feature also recorded in coeval deposits in the Atlantic. Explosive volcanism accompanied the final stages of rifting between India and Australia during the late Berriasian and Valanginian, producing volcaniclastic debris washing into the deltas and widespread ash deposits. The late Barremian and Aptian sediments indicate a rise in the CCD, accompanied by warming of the region and an increased delivery of organic-rich claystone into the basins.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 70: Synthesis of results from scientific drilling in the Indian Ocean","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/GM070p0203","usgsCitation":"Ogg, J.G., Gradstein, F., Dumoulin, J.A., Sarti, M., and Brown, P., 1992, Sedimentary history of the Tethyan margins of eastern Gondwana during the Mesozoic, chap. of Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 70: Synthesis of results from scientific drilling in the Indian Ocean, v. 70, p. 203-224, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM070p0203.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"224","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15446e4b01ccd54fc5ee9","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Duncan, Robert A.","contributorId":167399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duncan","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680582,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rea, David K.","contributorId":26823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rea","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7007,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680583,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kidd, Robert B.","contributorId":63544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kidd","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680584,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"von Rad, Ulrich","contributorId":187479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"von Rad","given":"Ulrich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680585,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weissel, Jeffrey K.","contributorId":187480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weissel","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680586,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Ogg, James G.","contributorId":66842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ogg","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gradstein, Felix","contributorId":17060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gradstein","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":672094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sarti, Massimo","contributorId":182781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sarti","given":"Massimo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Paul","contributorId":182780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70016717,"text":"70016717 - 1992 - Preliminary evidence for the involvement of budding bacteria in the origin of Alaskan placer gold","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-23T01:06:09.174268","indexId":"70016717","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary evidence for the involvement of budding bacteria in the origin of Alaskan placer gold","docAbstract":"Lacelike networks of micrometre-size filiform gold associated with Alaskan placer gold particles are interpreted as low-temperature pseudomorphs of a Pedomicrobium-like budding bacterium. Submicron reproductive structures (hyphae) and other morphological features similar to those of Pedomicrobiummanganicum occur as detailed three-dimensional facsimiles in high-purity gold in and on placer gold particles from Lillian Creek, Alaska. In a scanning electron microscope survey, the majority of gold particles at nine Alaskan placer deposits appear to include gold that has accumulated chemically at low temperatures in and on the cells of P. manganicum. Similar bacterioform gold from a Paleozoic deposit in China and from the Precambrian Witwatersrand deposit in South Africa may indicate that bacterioform gold is widespread.
Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris), well documented as \"keystone\" predators in rocky marine communities, were found to exert a strong influence on infaunal prey communities in soft-sediment habitats. Direct and indirect effects of sea otter predation on subtidal soft-bottom prey communities were evaluated along a temporal gradient of sea otter occupancy around the Kodiak Archipelago. The results indicate that Kodiak otters forage primarily on bivalve prey and dramatically reduce infaunal bivalve and green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) prey populations. Bivalve prey abundance, biomass, and size were inversely related to duration of sea otter occupancy. The relative conditions of shells discarded by otters in shallow (<10 m) vs. deep (> 20 m) water at the same sites indicate that otters first exploited Saxidomus in shallow-water feeding areas, and later switched to Macoma spp. in deeper water. Otter-cracked shells of the deep-burrowing clam Tresus capax were rarely found, even at otter foraging sites where the clam accounted for the majority of available prey biomass, suggesting that it has a partial depth refuge from otter predation. The indirect effects of otter predation included substratum disturbance and the facilitation of sea star predation on infaunal prey. Sea stars, Pycnopodia helianthoides, were attracted to experimentally dug excavations as well as natural sea otter foraging pits, where the sea stars foraged on smaller size classes of infaunal bivalves than those eaten by otters. Otters also discard clam shells on the sediment surface and expose old, buried shells during excavation. Surface shells were found to provide attachment sites for large anemones and kelp. Our study shows that sea otters can affect soft-sediment communities, not only through predation, as in rocky habitats, but also through disturbance, and thus retain a high degree of influence in two very different habitat types.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/1940749","usgsCitation":"Kvitek, R., Oliver, J., DeGange, A., and Anderson, B., 1992, Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation: Ecology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 413-428, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940749.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"428","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Archipelago","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.19384765624997,\n 58.19966110122876\n ],\n [\n -152.29248046875,\n 58.78528524510292\n ],\n [\n -152.698974609375,\n 58.77959115030064\n ],\n [\n -153.6767578125,\n 58.257507589081605\n ],\n [\n -155.028076171875,\n 57.468589192089354\n ],\n [\n -155.24780273437497,\n 56.23724470041031\n ],\n [\n -154.2919921875,\n 56.15166933290848\n ],\n [\n -151.951904296875,\n 57.33838126552897\n ],\n [\n -151.19384765624997,\n 58.19966110122876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5ff1e4b01ccd54f8b589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvitek, R.G.","contributorId":36384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oliver, J.S.","contributorId":17073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeGange, A.R.","contributorId":52105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, B.S.","contributorId":181917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017103,"text":"70017103 - 1992 - Submarine sedimentary features on a fjord delta front, Queen Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T12:31:00","indexId":"70017103","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine sedimentary features on a fjord delta front, Queen Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"Side-scan sonar images provide a view of an actively changing delta front in a marine outwash fjord in Glacier Bay, Alaska. Numerous interconnected gullies and chute-like small channels form paths for the transport of sand and coarse silt from the braided glacial outwash streams on the delta plain to the sinuous turbidity-current channels incised into the fjord floor. These turbidity-current channels carry coarse sediment through the fjord and into the adjoining glacial trunk valley. Several sedimentary processes affect the development of this delta front: overflow plumes deposit fine sediment; sediment gravity flows result from episodic delivery of large loads of coarse sediment; and mass movement may be triggered by earthquakes and, more regularly, by spring-tidal drawdown or hydraulic loading.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/e92-049","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Carlson, P.R., Powell, R.D., and Phillips, A.C., 1992, Submarine sedimentary features on a fjord delta front, Queen Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 29, no. 3, p. 565-573, https://doi.org/10.1139/e92-049.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"573","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d30e4b08c986b31d6ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Ross D.","contributorId":89768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Andrew C.","contributorId":63543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017176,"text":"70017176 - 1992 - Implementation of softcopy photogrammetric workstations at the US Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70017176","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implementation of softcopy photogrammetric workstations at the US Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey has provided the Nation with primary quadrangle maps and map products for the last 50 years. The Survey recently completed initial coverage of the conterminous United States and Hawaii at 1:24 000 scale. In Alaska, complete coverage exists at 1:63 360 scale. Effort is underway to build a National Digital Cartographic Data Base (NDCDB) composed of the digital representation of these and other map series. In addition the Survey plans to meet the demand for more current and complete data through the development and promotion of spatial data standards in cooperation with other Federal, State, local and private organizations. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Skalet, C., Lee, G., and Ladner, L.J., 1992, Implementation of softcopy photogrammetric workstations at the US Geological Survey: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 58, no. 1, p. 57-63.","startPage":"57","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a390ee4b0c8380cd617af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skalet, C.D.","contributorId":10290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalet","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, G.Y.G.","contributorId":53657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"G.Y.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ladner, L. J.","contributorId":69016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladner","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007891,"text":"1007891 - 1992 - Toxic elements and organochlorines in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), Kodiak, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T16:26:24.730609","indexId":"1007891","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Toxic elements and organochlorines in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), Kodiak, Alaska, USA","title":"Toxic elements and organochlorines in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), Kodiak, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00195994","usgsCitation":"Miles, A.K., Calkins, D., and Coon, N.C., 1992, Toxic elements and organochlorines in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), Kodiak, Alaska, USA: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 48, no. 5, p. 727-732, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00195994.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"732","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Kodiak","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.87635871002695,\n 58.22865411165071\n ],\n [\n -152.87635871002695,\n 57.363780641266175\n ],\n [\n -151.67346514803057,\n 57.363780641266175\n ],\n [\n -151.67346514803057,\n 58.22865411165071\n ],\n [\n -152.87635871002695,\n 58.22865411165071\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calkins, Donald","contributorId":190289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calkins","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coon, Nancy C.","contributorId":176389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coon","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017258,"text":"70017258 - 1992 - A comparison of gas geochemistry of fumaroles in the 1912 ash-flow sheet and on active stratovolcanoes, Katmai National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017258","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of gas geochemistry of fumaroles in the 1912 ash-flow sheet and on active stratovolcanoes, Katmai National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"Fumarolic gas samples collected in 1978 and 1979 from the stratovolcanoes Mount Griggs, Mount Mageik, and the 1953-68 SW Trident cone in Katmai National Park, Alaska, have been analysed and the results presented here. Comparison with recalculated analyses of samples collected from the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) in 1917 and 1919 demonstrates differences between gases from the short-lived VTTS fumaroles, which were not directly magma related, and the fumaroles on the volcanic peaks. Fumarolic gases of Mount Griggs have an elevated total He content, suggesting a more direct deep crustal or mantle source for these gases than those from the other volcanoes. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Sheppard, D., Janik, C.J., and Keith, T.E., 1992, A comparison of gas geochemistry of fumaroles in the 1912 ash-flow sheet and on active stratovolcanoes, Katmai National Park, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 53, no. 1-4, p. 185-197.","startPage":"185","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e35be4b0c8380cd45fc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheppard, D.S.","contributorId":22494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keith, T. E. C.","contributorId":11681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017263,"text":"70017263 - 1992 - Impact origin of the Avak Structure, Arctic Alaska, and genesis of the Barrow gas fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-19T17:47:56.045056","indexId":"70017263","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact origin of the Avak Structure, Arctic Alaska, and genesis of the Barrow gas fields","docAbstract":"Geophysical and subsurface geologic data suggest that the Avak structure, which underlies the Arctic Coastal Plain 12 km southeast of Barrow, Alaska, is a hypervelocity meteorite or comet impact structure. The structure is a roughly circular area of uplifted, chaotically deformed Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks 8 km in diameter that is bounded by a ring of anastomosing, inwardly dipping, listric normal faults 12 km in diameter. A zone of gently outward-dipping sedimentary country rocks forms a discontinuous ring of \"rim anticlines\" within the peripheral ring of normal faults. Beyond these anticlines, the sedimentary rocks are almost flat-lying. Basement consists of strongly deformed Ordovician and Silurian argillite. Density and acoustic impedance con rasts between the argillite and the overlying strata produce gravity and seismic-reflection signatures that define a ring of anticlines around the disturbed zone and a structural high surrounded by an annular structural low at its center.
In the adjacent Barrow gas fields, the tops of the informally named Neocomian \"pebble shale\" unit and the gas-producing Lower Jurassic Barrow sand (local usage) lie at average subsea depths of 488 m and 670 m, respectively. In the Avak 1 well, drilled on the central high, the pebble shale and the Barrow sand lie near the surface, documenting more than 500 m of relative uplift at the high. The cores in this well have steep dips (30-90 degrees), mixed breccia with Franklinian argillite clasts 10 and 90 m above basement, quartz grains with shock mosaicism and multiple sets of shock lamellae, oriented concussion fractures in sand-size quartz grains, and shatter cones resembling those found in the peripheral zones of well-documented impact structures. In addition, above-background levels o fractured quartz grains in Barrow sand were found as far as 19 km beyond the rim of the Avak structure.
Data concerning the age of the Avak structure are not definitive. If submarine landslide deposits in the upper part of the Aptian and Albian Torok Formation, in the subsurface 200 km to the east, were triggered by the Avak event, then the Avak meteorite struck a submerged marine shelf about 100 + or - 5 Ma. However, the impact features found at Avak (shatter cones, concussion fractures, shock lamellae and shock mosaicism in quartz grains, and widespread cataclasis) characterize the distal zones of meteorite impact structures. Fused rocks, plastic deformation, and shock-metamorphic minerals found in more proximal zones of impact structures are apparently missing. These observations, and the lack of Avak ejecta in cuttings and cores from the Torok Formation and Nanushuk Group (Albian to middle Cenomanian) in surrounding test wells, indicate that the impact event postdated these beds. In this case, the Avak meteorite struck a Late Cretaceous or Tertiary marine shelf or coastal plain between the Cenomanian (ca. 95 Ma), and deposition of the basal beds of the overlying late Pliocene and Quaternary Gubik Formation (ca. 3 Ma).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/BDFF889E-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Kirschner, C., Grantz, A., and Mullen, M.W., 1992, Impact origin of the Avak Structure, Arctic Alaska, and genesis of the Barrow gas fields: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 76, no. 5, p. 651-679, https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF889E-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"679","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225163,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Avak structure, Barrow gas fields","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.10286874793076,\n 71.39378563719981\n ],\n [\n -160.10286874793076,\n 69.48627430745987\n ],\n [\n -146.27334730998183,\n 69.48627430745987\n ],\n [\n -146.27334730998183,\n 71.39378563719981\n ],\n [\n -160.10286874793076,\n 71.39378563719981\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38d9e4b0c8380cd616ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirschner, C.E.","contributorId":81107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschner","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullen, M. W.","contributorId":15587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186631,"text":"70186631 - 1992 - Volcanoes of Alaska: Kupreanof (Stepovak Bay)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T12:15:59","indexId":"70186631","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Volcanoes of Alaska: Kupreanof (Stepovak Bay)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","isbn":"9780521438117","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., 1992, Volcanoes of Alaska: Kupreanof (Stepovak Bay), chap. of Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada, p. 55-56.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/earth-and-environmental-science/mineralogy-petrology-and-volcanology/volcanoes-north-america-united-states-and-canada?format=PB"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kupreanof, Stepovak Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e7540ae4b09da6799c0ca8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wood, Charles A.","contributorId":27599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690099,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kienle, Juergen","contributorId":45343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kienle","given":"Juergen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690100,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184661,"text":"70184661 - 1992 - Suppression of guinea pig ileum induced contractility by plasma albumin of hibernators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:19:07","indexId":"70184661","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5314,"text":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","onlineIssn":"1873-5177","printIssn":"0091-3057","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suppression of guinea pig ileum induced contractility by plasma albumin of hibernators","docAbstract":"Previous studies suggest that hibernation may be regulated by internal opioids and that the putative “hibernation induction trigger” (HIT) may itself be an opioid. This study examined the effect of plasma albumin (known to bind HIT) on induced contractility of the guinea pig ileum muscle strip. Morphine (400 nM) depressed contractility and 100 nM naloxone restored it. Ten milligrams of lyophilized plasma albumin fractions from hibernating ground squirrels, woodchucks, black bears, and polar bears produced similar inhibition, with partial reversal by naloxone. Five hundredths mg of d-Ala2-d-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) also inhibited contractility and naloxone reversed it. Conclusions are that hibernating individuals of these species contain an HIT substance that is opioid in nature and summer animals do not; an endogenous opioid similar to leu-enkephalin may be the HIT compound or give rise to it.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0091-3057(92)90658-3","usgsCitation":"Bruce, D.S., Ambler, D.L., Henschel, T.M., Oeltgen, P.R., Nilekani, S.P., and Amstrup, S.C., 1992, Suppression of guinea pig ileum induced contractility by plasma albumin of hibernators: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, v. 43, no. 1, p. 199-203, https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(92)90658-3.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"203","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c951e4b0f37a93ee9b82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruce, David S.","contributorId":188228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruce","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ambler, Douglas L.","contributorId":188233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ambler","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henschel, Timothy M.","contributorId":188234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henschel","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oeltgen, Peter R.","contributorId":188231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oeltgen","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nilekani, Sita P.","contributorId":188232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nilekani","given":"Sita","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":682461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70016786,"text":"70016786 - 1992 - Petrogenesis of the Pd-rich intrusion at Salt Chuck, Prince of Wales island: an early Paleozoic Alaskan-type ultramafic body","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70016786","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of the Pd-rich intrusion at Salt Chuck, Prince of Wales island: an early Paleozoic Alaskan-type ultramafic body","docAbstract":"The early Paleozoic Salt Chuck intrusion has petrographic and chemical characteristics that are similar to those of Cretaceous Alaskan-type ultramafic-mafic bodies. The intrusion is markedly discordant to the structure of the early Paleozoic Descon Formation, in which it has produced a rather indistinct contact aureole a few meters wide. Mineral assemblages, sequence of crystallization, and mineral chemistry suggest that the intrusion crystallized under low pressures (~2 kbar) with oxidation conditions near those of the NNO buffer, from a hydrous, silica-saturated, orthopyroxene-normative parental magma. The Salt Chuck deposit was probably formed by a two-stage process: 1) a stage of magmatic crystallization in which the sulfides and PGE accumulated in a disseminated manner in cumulus deposits, possibly largely in the gabbro, and 2) a later magmatic-hydrothermal stage during which the sulfides and PGE were remobilized and concentrated in veins and fracture-fillings. In this model, the source of the sulfides and PGE was the magma that produced the Salt Chuck intrusion. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Loney, R.A., and Himmelberg, G.R., 1992, Petrogenesis of the Pd-rich intrusion at Salt Chuck, Prince of Wales island: an early Paleozoic Alaskan-type ultramafic body: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 30, no. 4, p. 1005-1022.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1022","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7783e4b0c8380cd784f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loney, R. A.","contributorId":90757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelberg, G. R.","contributorId":27106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016822,"text":"70016822 - 1992 - Utility of radiocarbon-dated stratigraphy in determining late Holocene earthquake recurrence intervals, upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T22:48:27.889988","indexId":"70016822","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utility of radiocarbon-dated stratigraphy in determining late Holocene earthquake recurrence intervals, upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska","docAbstract":"During the great 1964 earthquake, parts of coastal southern Alaska subsided tectonically as much as 2 m, and this led to burial of high-intertidal organic-rich marshes by low-intertidal and tidal silt. In the tectonically active part of upper Cook Inlet, the presence of stratigraphic sections containing numerous prehistoric interbedded layers of peat and silt suggests that such stratigraphy resulted when marshes and forests were similarly inundated and buried by intertidal and tidal sediment as a result of great, prehistoric earthquakes.
This study tests the feasibility of using buried, radiocarbon-dated, late Holocene peat layers that are exposed in the intertidal zone of upper Cook Inlet to determine earthquake recurrence intervals, because estimates of the recurrence intervals of past earthquakes are needed for evaluation of the potential for future earthquakes. In a reconnaissance study of interbedded peat and silt, 65 conventional radiocarbon dates from peat and other organic material in 25 measured sections in the intertidal zone and one drillhole were used. Radiocarbon ages from the tops of peat beds cluster weakly but may indicate that regional subsidence events recurred at irregular intervals between about 200 to 800 radiocarbon yr within the past 3,200 radiocarbon yr. Conversion to calibrated ages does not alter this range substantially but may extend both ends of the age range. Coeval and correlative stratigraphy and radiocarbon data in the buried peat layers of upper Cook Inlet strongly suggest sudden, subsidence-induced layering. Because of problems associated with conventional radiocarbon dating, the complex stratigraphy of the study area, the tectonic setting, and regional changes in sea level, conclusions from the study do not permit precise identification of the timing and recurrence of paleoseismic events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0684:UORDSI>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bartsch-Winkler, S., and Schmoll, H., 1992, Utility of radiocarbon-dated stratigraphy in determining late Holocene earthquake recurrence intervals, upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, no. 6, p. 684-694, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0684:UORDSI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"684","endPage":"694","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"upper Cook Inlet region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.21835533891556,\n 62.26809200594323\n ],\n [\n -153.26132408891561,\n 62.26809200594323\n ],\n [\n -153.26132408891561,\n 59.88911950060532\n ],\n [\n -149.21835533891556,\n 59.88911950060532\n ],\n [\n -149.21835533891556,\n 62.26809200594323\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0d0e4b08c986b32a32d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartsch-Winkler, S.","contributorId":31388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch-Winkler","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmoll, H. R.","contributorId":71543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoll","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184354,"text":"70184354 - 1992 - Threshold foraging behavior of baleen whales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T14:56:32.2648","indexId":"70184354","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Threshold foraging behavior of baleen whales","docAbstract":"We conducted hydroacoustic surveys for capelin Mallotus villosus in Witless Bay, Newfoundland, Canada, on 61 days during the summers of 1983 to 1985. On 32 of those days in whlch capelin surveys were conducted, we observed a total of 129 baleen whales - Including 93 humpback Megaptera novaeangliae, 31 minke Balaenoptera acutorostrata and 5 fin whales B. phvsalus. Although a few whales were observed when capelin schools were scarce, the majority (96%) of whales were observed when mean daily capelin densities exceeded 5 schools per linear km surveyed (range of means over 3 yr: 0.0 to 14.0 schools km-1). Plots of daily whale abundance (no. h-1 surveyed) vs daily capelin school density (mean no. schools km-1 surveyed) in each summer revealed that baleen whales have a threshold foraging response to capelin density. Thresholds were estimated using a simple itterative step-function model. Foraging thresholds of baleen whales (7.3, 5.0, and 5.8 schools km-1) varied between years in relation to the overall abundance of capelin schools in the study area during summer (means of 7.2, 3.3, and 5.3 schools km-1, respectively).
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps084205","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., and Methven, D.A., 1992, Threshold foraging behavior of baleen whales: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 84, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps084205.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"210","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488555,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps084205","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336994,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Newfoundland","otherGeospatial":"Witless Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -52.9266357421875,\n 47.12154137528177\n ],\n [\n -52.64648437499999,\n 47.12154137528177\n ],\n [\n -52.64648437499999,\n 47.355571314854764\n ],\n [\n -52.9266357421875,\n 47.355571314854764\n ],\n [\n -52.9266357421875,\n 47.12154137528177\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","edition":"205","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd519e4b014cc3a3ba647","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Methven, David A.","contributorId":179915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Methven","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016862,"text":"70016862 - 1992 - Placer and lode platinum-group minerals in south Kalimantan, Indonesia: Evidence for derivation from Alaskan-type ultramafic intrusions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T14:35:46.259299","indexId":"70016862","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":941,"text":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Placer and lode platinum-group minerals in south Kalimantan, Indonesia: Evidence for derivation from Alaskan-type ultramafic intrusions","docAbstract":"Platinum‐group element minerals (PGM) occur in significant proportions in placer deposits in several localities in South Kalimantan. They consist of Pt‐Fe alloy that may be intergrown with or contain inclusions of Ir‐Os‐Ru alloy, laurite and chromite. Alluvial PGM found along Sungai Tambanio are in part derived from chromitite schlieren in dunitic bodies intruded into clinopyroxene cumulates that may be part of an Alaskan‐type ultramafic complex. A chromitite schlieren in serpentinite from one of these dunitic bodies is anomalous in PGE (Pt: 580 ppb; Pd: 3.4 ppb; Rh: 1 ppb; Ru: 9 ppb; Ir: 21 ppb; and Os: 3.9 ppb). The chondrite‐normalized PGE pattern for this rock, pan concentrates from this area, and PGM concentrates from diamond‐Au‐PGM placer deposits have an ‘M'‐shaped pattern enriched in Ir and Pt that is typical of PGE‐mineralization associated with Alaskan‐type ultramafic complexes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/08120099208728033","usgsCitation":"Zientek, M.L., Pardiarto, B., Simandjuntak, H.R., Wikrama, A., Oscarson, R.L., Meier, A.L., and Carlson, R.R., 1992, Placer and lode platinum-group minerals in south Kalimantan, Indonesia: Evidence for derivation from Alaskan-type ultramafic intrusions: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 39, no. 3, p. 405-417, https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099208728033.","productDescription":"13","startPage":"405","endPage":"417","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224663,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","state":"South Kalimantan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 114.65945835600536,\n -4.2368231340230835\n ],\n [\n 115.59459857259452,\n -3.815204863732106\n ],\n [\n 115.74781363632894,\n -2.892224665820109\n ],\n [\n 115.087403878852,\n -2.739194623430407\n ],\n [\n 114.54850951674905,\n -3.5410405620093997\n ],\n [\n 114.6119088534673,\n -4.226285382436345\n ],\n [\n 114.66474163406554,\n -4.2526294920889285\n ],\n [\n 114.65945835600536,\n -4.2526294920889285\n ],\n [\n 114.65945835600536,\n -4.2368231340230835\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b89e4b0c8380cd794cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pardiarto, B.","contributorId":302915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pardiarto","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simandjuntak, H. R. W.","contributorId":302916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simandjuntak","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wikrama, A.","contributorId":302917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wikrama","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oscarson, Robert L. roscarson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oscarson","given":"Robert","email":"roscarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":865825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":302918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carlson, R. R.","contributorId":75918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}