Three-dimensional velocity models for the basins along the coast of Washington and in Puget Lowland provide a means for better understanding the lateral variations in strong ground motions recorded there. We have compiled 16 sonic and 18 density logs from 22 oil test wells to help us determine the geometry and physical properties of the Cenozoic basins along coastal Washington. The depth ranges sampled by the test-well logs fall between 0.3 and 2.1 km. These well logs sample Quaternary to middle Eocene sedimentary rocks of the Quinault Formation, Montesano Formation, and Hoh rock assemblage. Most (18 or 82%) of the wells are from Grays Harbor County, and many of these are from the Ocean City area. These Grays Harbor County wells sample the Quinault Formation, Montesano Formation, and frequently bottom in the Hoh rock assemblage. These wells show that the sonic velocity and density normally increase significantly across the contacts between the Quinault or the Montesano Formations and the Hoh rock assemblage. Reflection coefficients calculated for vertically traveling compressional waves from the average velocities and densities for these units suggest that the top of the Hoh rock assemblage is a strong reflector of downward-propagating seismic waves: these reflection coefficients lie between 11 and 20%. Thus, this boundary may reflect seismic energy upward and trap a substantial portion of the seismic energy generated by future earthquakes within the Miocene and younger sedimentary basins found along the Washington coast.
Three wells from Jefferson County provide data for the Hoh rock assemblage for the entire length of the logs. One well (Eastern Petroleum Sniffer Forks #1), from the Forks area in Clallam County, also exclusively samples the Hoh rock assemblage. This report presents the locations, elevations, depths, stratigraphic, and other information for all the oil test wells, and provides plots showing the density and sonic velocities as a function of depth for each well log. We also present two-way traveltimes for 15 of the wells calculated from the sonic velocities. Average velocities and densities for the wells having both logs can be reasonably well related using a modified Gardner’s rule, with p=1825v(1/4), where p is the density (in kg/m3) and v is the sonic velocity (in km/s). In contrast, a similar analysis of published well logs from Puget Lowland is best matched by a Gardner’s rule of p=1730v(1/4), close to the p=1740v(1/4) proposed by Gardner et al. (1974).
Finally, we present laboratory measurements of compressional-wave velocity, shear-wave velocity, and density for 11 greywackes and 29 mafic rocks from the Olympic Peninsula and Puget Lowland. These units have significance for earthquake-hazard investigations in Puget Lowland as they dip eastward beneath the Lowland, forming the “bedrock” beneath much of the lowland. Average Vp/Vs ratios for the mafic rocks, mainly Crescent Formation volcanics, lie between 1.81 and 1.86. Average Vp/Vs ratios for the greywackes from the accretionary core complex in the Olympic Peninsula show greater scatter but lie between 1.77 and 1.88. Both the Olympic Peninsula mafic rocks and greywackes have lower shear-wave velocities than would be expected for a Poisson solid (Vp/Vs=1.732). Although the P-wave velocities and densities in the greywackes can be related by a Gardner’s rule of p=1720v(1/4), close to the p=1740v(1/4) proposed by Gardner et al. (1974), the velocities and densities of the mafic rocks are best related by a Gardner’s rule of p=1840v(1/4). Thus, the density/velocity relations are similar for the Puget Lowland well logs and greywackes from the Olympic Peninsula. Density/velocity relations are similar for the Washington coastal well logs and mafic rocks from the Olympic Peninsula, but differ from those of the Puget Lowland well logs and greywackes from the Olympic Peninsula.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01264","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., and Christensen, N.I., 2001, Density and velocity relationships for digital sonic and density logs from coastal Washington and laboratory measurements of Olympic Peninsula mafic rocks and greywackes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-264, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01264.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59772,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0264/pdf/of01-264.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0264/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2518,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.87,46.83 ], [ -124.87,48.42 ], [ -122.14,48.42 ], [ -122.14,46.83 ], [ -124.87,46.83 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5b00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Nikolas I.","contributorId":95927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Nikolas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":7001,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":205885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30957,"text":"wri20014152 - 2001 - Flood frequency estimates and documented and potential extreme peak discharges in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:54:21","indexId":"wri20014152","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4152","title":"Flood frequency estimates and documented and potential extreme peak discharges in Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the magnitude and frequency of floods is required for the safe and economical design of highway bridges, culverts, dams, levees, and other structures on or near streams; and for flood plain management programs. Flood frequency estimates for gaged streamflow sites were updated, documented extreme peak discharges for gaged and miscellaneous measurement sites were tabulated, and potential extreme peak discharges for Oklahoma streamflow sites were estimated. Potential extreme peak discharges, derived from the relation between documented extreme peak discharges and contributing drainage areas, can provide valuable information concerning the maximum peak discharge that could be expected at a stream site. Potential extreme peak discharge is useful in conjunction with flood frequency analysis to give the best evaluation of flood risk at a site.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPeak discharge and flood frequency for selected recurrence intervals from 2 to 500 years were estimated for 352 gaged streamflow sites. Data through 1999 water year were used from streamflow-gaging stations with at least 8 years of record within Oklahoma or about 25 kilometers into the bordering states of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, New Mexico, and Texas. These sites were in unregulated basins, and basins affected by regulation, urbanization, and irrigation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDocumented extreme peak discharges and associated data were compiled for 514 sites in and near Oklahoma, 352 with streamflow-gaging stations and 162 at miscellaneous measurements sites or streamflow-gaging stations with short record, with a total of 671 measurements.The sites are fairly well distributed statewide, however many streams, large and small, have never been monitored.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPotential extreme peak-discharge curves were developed for streamflow sites in hydrologic regions of the state based on documented extreme peak discharges and the contributing drainage areas.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nTwo hydrologic regions, east and west, were defined using 98 degrees 15 minutes longitude as the dividing line.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014152","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Tortorelli, R.L., and McCabe, L.P., 2001, Flood frequency estimates and documented and potential extreme peak discharges in Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4152, iv, 39 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014152.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cce4b07f02db54440e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Lan P.","contributorId":101292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Lan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30969,"text":"wri014224 - 2001 - Ground-water levels and flow directions in glacial sediments and carbonate bedrock near Tremont City, Ohio, October-November 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T09:20:55","indexId":"wri014224","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4224","displayTitle":"Ground-Water Levels and Flow Directions in Glacial Sediments and Carbonate Bedrock Near Tremont City, Ohio, October-November 2000","title":"Ground-water levels and flow directions in glacial sediments and carbonate bedrock near Tremont City, Ohio, October-November 2000","docAbstract":"During summer 2000, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) began an investigation of the Tremont City Landfill Site near Tremont City, Ohio. The site is about 1 mile west of Tremont City, just south of the Clark-Champaign County line. The closed site consists of three main areas: an 8.5-acre barrel fill, a 14-acre waste-transfer area, and a 58-acre landfill. The local hydrogeology is complex, and multiple ground-water-flow directions at the site have been described; however, offsite ground-water levels and flow directions were poorly defined, because they were based on static water levels reported over many years by well drillers. In October 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the USEPA, measured water levels in residential and onsite monitoring wells to prepare a map of the potentiometric surface so that directions of regional ground-water flow could be better delineated in the vicinity of the site.
The topography of the study area (extent of map) is characterized by a nearly level till plain with minor relief along incised streams draining east-southeast to the Mad River. The Tremont City Landfill Site is in an upland area between two east-southeast-trending streams. Storms Creek is about 1 mile north of the site. The southern extent of the landfill is within about 500 feet of Chapman creek.
The surficial geology of the study area consists of unconsolidated glacial sediments that overlie Silurian-age Lockport Dolomite. These glacial sediments consist of fine-grained till interbedded with layers of silt, sands, and gravels. Sand and gravel layers are commonly found just above the bedrock surface. Onsite monitoring wells have been installed into several thin, permeable zones in the glacial sediments. Most residential wells in the area produce sufficient water for residential use (as much as 100 gallons per minute), from either sand and gravel layers in the glacial sediments or from the carbonate bedrock. The most productive aquifer in the area is the highly permeable glacial outwash in the buried bedrock valley beneath the Mad River. These outwash sands and gravels can yield more than 1,000 gallons per minute. If weathered, the Lockport Dolomite can be a productive source of water near the top of the unit.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014224","usgsCitation":"Dumouchelle, D.H., 2001, Ground-water levels and flow directions in glacial sediments and carbonate bedrock near Tremont City, Ohio, October-November 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4224, Report: 39.28 x 28.99 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014224.","productDescription":"Report: 39.28 x 28.99 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2949,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4224/wri20014224.pdf","text":"Report","size":"747 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4224"},{"id":159966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4224/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Tremont City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.8446307182312,\n 40.00634956420027\n ],\n [\n -83.82637023925781,\n 40.00634956420027\n ],\n [\n -83.82637023925781,\n 40.01803456129624\n ],\n [\n -83.8446307182312,\n 40.01803456129624\n ],\n [\n -83.8446307182312,\n 40.00634956420027\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43229
This report presents the locations, descriptions, analytical procedures used, and an inter-lab comparison of over 1100 geochemical analyses of samples of soil and sediment in and downstream of a major lead-zinc-silver mining district in the Coeur d'Alene (CdA) drainage basin of northern Idaho. The samples fall in 3 broad categories: (1) samples from vertical profiles of floodplain soils in the valley of the main stem of the CdA River (767 samples) and of the South Fork of the CdA River (38 samples), (2) size fractionated surficial samples of sediment bedload within the channel of the South Fork of the CdA River (68 samples), and (3) samples from vertical profiles of sediment bedload within the channel of the main stem of the CdA River (260 samples).
\nFive different laboratories contributed geochemical data for this report. Four of the five laboratories employed analytical methods that require sample dissolution prior to analysis; one laboratory (US Geological Survey) used analytical instrumentation (energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence [EDXRF]) that is applied to pulverized samples. Some dissolution procedures use four acids (hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric, and hydrofluoric; Eastern Washington University [EWU] Geochemical Laboratory and XRAL Laboratories, Inc.), others use two acids (nitric acid and aqua regia; CHEMEX Labs, Inc.), and some use only concentrated nitric acid (ACZ Laboratories, Inc.). Most analyses of dissolved samples were done by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) or by ICP - MS (Mass Spectroscopy). Some analyses for Ag and K were done by Flame Atomic Absorption (FAA).
\nInter-laboratory comparisons are made for 6 elements: lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), iron\n(Fe), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd). In general inter-laboratory correlations are better for samples within the compositional range of the Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Analyses by EWU are the most accurate relative to the NIST standards (mean recoveries within 1% for Pb, Fe, Mn, and As, 3% for Zn and 5% for Cd) and are the most precise (within 7% of the mean at the 95% confidence interval). USGS-EDXRF is similarly accurate for Pb and Zn. XRAL and ACZ are relatively accurate for Pb (within 5-8% of certified NIST values), but were considerably less accurate for the other 5 elements of concern (10-25% of NIST values). However, analyses of sample splits by more than one laboratory reveal that, for some elements, XRAL (Pb, Mn, Cd) and ACZ (Pb, Mn, Zn, Fe) analyses were comparable to EWU analyses of the same samples (when values are within the range of NIST SRMs). These results suggest that, for some elements, XRAL and ACZ dissolutions are more effective on the matrix of the CdA samples than on the matrix of the NIST samples (obtained from soils around Butte, Montana). Splits of CdA samples analyzed by CHEMEX were the least accurate, yielding values 10-25% less than those of EWU.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2001139","usgsCitation":"Box, S.E., Bookstrom, A.A., Ikramuddin, M., and Lindsay, J., 2001, Geochemical analysis of soils and sediments, Coeur d'Alene drainage basin, Idaho: sampling, analytical methods, and results (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-139, Report: 70 p.; ReadMe; Complete digital data package; Metadata; 7 Appendices: xls and dbf files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001139.","productDescription":"Report: 70 p.; ReadMe; Complete digital data package; Metadata; 7 Appendices: xls and dbf files","numberOfPages":"206","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2001139.PNG"},{"id":10780,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":291343,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/of01-139.pdf"},{"id":291344,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/readme.txt"},{"id":291345,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/of01-139.zip"},{"id":291346,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/of01-139.met.txt"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur D�alene Drainage Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.733333,47.466667 ], [ -116.733333,47.583333 ], [ -115.716667,47.583333 ], [ -115.716667,47.466667 ], [ -116.733333,47.466667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ikramuddin, Mohammed","contributorId":46115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikramuddin","given":"Mohammed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsay, James","contributorId":34993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70231234,"text":"70231234 - 2001 - Road log and stop descriptions; Day 1, Stop 1; Delaware Water Gap; geologic overview, stratigraphy, structure, formation of the gap, and glacial geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-04T16:40:21.08086","indexId":"70231234","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-31T11:53:58","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Road log and stop descriptions; Day 1, Stop 1; Delaware Water Gap; geologic overview, stratigraphy, structure, formation of the gap, and glacial geology","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2001: A Delaware River odyssey: Guidebook for the annual field conference of Pennsylvania geologists","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists","usgsCitation":"Epstein, J.B., 2001, Road log and stop descriptions; Day 1, Stop 1; Delaware Water Gap; geologic overview, stratigraphy, structure, formation of the gap, and glacial geology, in 2001: A Delaware River odyssey: Guidebook for the annual field conference of Pennsylvania geologists, v. 66, p. 159-167.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"167","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400081,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fcopg.org/download-guidebooks"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Water Gap","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.12451171875,\n 40.94982541180994\n ],\n [\n -74.92538452148438,\n 41.0565730874647\n ],\n [\n -74.81689453125,\n 41.19518982948959\n ],\n [\n -74.79080200195312,\n 41.285030454601916\n ],\n [\n -74.85946655273438,\n 41.29638081886435\n ],\n [\n -75.0640869140625,\n 41.096946974487274\n ],\n [\n -75.16021728515624,\n 41.00270266805319\n ],\n [\n -75.12451171875,\n 40.94982541180994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70231280,"text":"70231280 - 2001 - Structural relations along the Taconic unconformity between New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-04T16:54:13.459142","indexId":"70231280","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-31T11:51:07","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Structural relations along the Taconic unconformity between New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2001: A Delaware River odyssey: Guidebook for the annual field conference of Pennsylvania geologists","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists","usgsCitation":"Epstein, J.B., and Lyttle, P.T., 2001, Structural relations along the Taconic unconformity between New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, in 2001: A Delaware River odyssey: Guidebook for the annual field conference of Pennsylvania geologists, v. 66, p. 22-27.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400165,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fcopg.org/download-guidebooks"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.19454956054688,\n 40.97575093157534\n ],\n [\n -75.13412475585938,\n 40.93115273187039\n ],\n [\n -74.75921630859375,\n 41.18278832811288\n ],\n [\n -74.75372314453125,\n 41.33145127732965\n ],\n [\n -74.82376098632812,\n 41.34691753986531\n ],\n [\n -75.19454956054688,\n 40.97575093157534\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyttle, Peter T. plyttle@usgs.gov","contributorId":293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyttle","given":"Peter","email":"plyttle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70231279,"text":"70231279 - 2001 - Structural geology of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-04T16:50:20.375375","indexId":"70231279","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-31T11:47:32","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Structural geology of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2001: A Delaware River odyssey: Guidebook for the annual field conference of Pennsylvania geologists","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists","usgsCitation":"Kaiura, M., and Epstein, J.B., 2001, Road log and stop descriptions; Day 1, Stop 2; Cold Air Cave, in 2001: A Delaware River odyssey: Guidebook for the annual field conference of Pennsylvania geologists, v. 66, p. 167-171.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"171","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400141,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fcopg.org/download-guidebooks"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Cold Air Cave","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.12702226638793,\n 40.96081259422209\n ],\n [\n -75.12122869491577,\n 40.96081259422209\n ],\n [\n -75.12122869491577,\n 40.96606246042773\n ],\n [\n -75.12702226638793,\n 40.96606246042773\n ],\n [\n -75.12702226638793,\n 40.96081259422209\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaiura, Mitzi","contributorId":291370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaiura","given":"Mitzi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185165,"text":"70185165 - 2001 - Bayesian analysis of U.S. hurricane climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T15:10:28","indexId":"70185165","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian analysis of U.S. hurricane climate","docAbstract":"Predictive climate distributions of U.S. landfalling hurricanes are estimated from observational records over the period 1851–2000. The approach is Bayesian, combining the reliable records of hurricane activity during the twentieth century with the less precise accounts of activity during the nineteenth century to produce a best estimate of the posterior distribution on the annual rates. The methodology provides a predictive distribution of future activity that serves as a climatological benchmark. Results are presented for the entire coast as well as for the Gulf Coast, Florida, and the East Coast. Statistics on the observed annual counts of U.S. hurricanes, both for the entire coast and by region, are similar within each of the three consecutive 50-yr periods beginning in 1851. However, evidence indicates that the records during the nineteenth century are less precise. Bayesian theory provides a rational approach for defining hurricane climate that uses all available information and that makes no assumption about whether the 150-yr record of hurricanes has been adequately or uniformly monitored. The analysis shows that the number of major hurricanes expected to reach the U.S. coast over the next 30 yr is 18 and the number of hurricanes expected to hit Florida is 20.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","usgsCitation":"Elsner, J.B., and Bossak, B.H., 2001, Bayesian analysis of U.S. hurricane climate: Journal of Climate, v. 14, no. 23, p. 4341-4350.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"4341","endPage":"4350","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337657,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/toc/clim/14/23"}],"country":"United States","volume":"14","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52ffe4b0849ce97c8750","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elsner, James B.","contributorId":189356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elsner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bossak, Brian H.","contributorId":10112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossak","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30975,"text":"wri014166 - 2001 - Hydrogeology of the Tully Lakes area in southern Onondaga and northern Cortland Counties, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T21:24:10.11153","indexId":"wri014166","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4166","displayTitle":"Hydrogeology of the Tully Lakes Area in Southern Onondaga and Northern Cortland Counties, New York","title":"Hydrogeology of the Tully Lakes area in southern Onondaga and northern Cortland Counties, New York","docAbstract":"Water levels in a series of kettlehole lakes and ponds known as the Tully Lakes respond to seasonal water-level changes in the surrounding aquifer but often differ from ground-water levels in the aquifer because the lakebed sediments are poorly permeable and inhibit the exchange of water. Three sets of ground-water-level measurements were made from the spring recharge period of 2000 through the fall of that year. Seasonal ground-water-level declines ranged from 1.5 to 8 feet. Average annual water-level fluctuations in the three western lakes ranged from 2.5 to 6 feet, whereas those in the two eastern lakes were only about 1.5 feet because these lakes have natural outlets. The ground-water divide between the St. Lawrence and Susquehanna River Basins did not coincide with the surface-water divide and the ground-water divide moved southerly in response to lower water levels in the aquifer during the summer and fall.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014166","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Onondaga Lake Cleanup Corporation","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., Miller, T.S., and Hetcher, K.K., 2001, Hydrogeology of the Tully Lakes area in southern Onondaga and northern Cortland Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4166, 15 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300606,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4166/wri014166.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 01-4166"},{"id":159975,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4166/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":423721,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46525.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Cortland County, Onondaga County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.17404937744139,\n 42.74272595476816\n ],\n [\n -76.10710144042969,\n 42.74272595476816\n ],\n [\n -76.10710144042969,\n 42.81555136172695\n ],\n [\n -76.17404937744139,\n 42.81555136172695\n ],\n [\n -76.17404937744139,\n 42.74272595476816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
(518) 285–5602
Statistical comparison of modern molluscan fauna to down-core molluscan assemblages in four cores elucidates changes in the Florida Bay ecosystem during the past 100 to 200 years. Fluctuations within molluscan faunal dominance and diversity patterns suggest a response to changing environmental conditions. Faunal dominance patterns indicate an increase in salinity in the northern transitional zone, and possibly the eastern portion of Florida Bay. Distinctive faunal shifts recorded at Russell Bank occur approximately between 1913 and 1933 and at Bob Allen mudbank between approximately 1900 and 1910. The period from approximately 1930 to 1980 within these cores shows rapid and dramatic fluctuations in species dominance and faunal richness. Beginning around 1980, the mussel Brachidontes exustus, which can tolerate diminished water quality and a wide range of salinities, increases in percent abundance in the upper portion of all four cores and becomes the dominant species at Russell Bank and Bob Allen Mudbank.
While these fluctuations within assemblages are distinctive, they are not so profound that they represent a major shift in estuarine zonations within northern, eastern, and central Florida Bay during the past 100 to 200 years. The majority of the molluscan fauna that are present at the core sites today are generally present throughout the period of deposition. Fluctuations in the molluscan faunal record down-core primarily express changes in dominance and diversity within assemblages and do not reflect substantial changes in overall assemblages. It is these fluctuations in dominance and the appearance or disappearance of critical indicator species that are indicative of salinity changes.
Understanding the dynamics of an ecosystem and the natural range of variation in the system over an extended period of time is a critical component of effective restoration. Analysis of the modern environment provides a means to interpret biological data preserved in cores, and to determine the physical and chemical variations in the environment indicated by the biota. Knowledge of the past provides the best insight to predicting the impact of future change on the environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Research Institution ","usgsCitation":"Wingard, G.L., Stoner, J.D., and Holmes, C.W., 2001, Molluscan faunal distribution in Florida Bay, past and present: An integration of down-core and modern data: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 361.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":373746,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/mollusc_distribution/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.82891845703125,\n 24.48214938647425\n ],\n [\n -81.47735595703125,\n 24.594582762359718\n ],\n [\n -81.2274169921875,\n 24.619554266944885\n ],\n [\n -80.89508056640625,\n 24.716895455859337\n ],\n [\n -80.540771484375,\n 24.87148631935797\n ],\n [\n -80.2606201171875,\n 25.279470734081812\n ],\n [\n -80.13702392578125,\n 25.500305556118665\n ],\n [\n -80.21392822265625,\n 25.530050090109015\n ],\n [\n -80.3045654296875,\n 25.37380917154398\n ],\n [\n -80.606689453125,\n 25.160201483133374\n ],\n [\n -81.17523193359375,\n 25.12539261151203\n ],\n [\n -81.57073974609375,\n 25.035838555635017\n ],\n [\n -81.8646240234375,\n 24.821639356846607\n ],\n [\n -81.82891845703125,\n 24.48214938647425\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"361","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoner, Jeffrey D. stoner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"stoner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":786375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31339,"text":"ofr01335 - 2001 - Potentiometric surface, carbonate-rock province, southern Nevada and southeastern California, 1998-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:01","indexId":"ofr01335","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-335","title":"Potentiometric surface, carbonate-rock province, southern Nevada and southeastern California, 1998-2000","docAbstract":"The carbonate-rock aquifer that underlies most of southern Nevada occupies part of what is known as the carbonate-rock province, a physiographic region that encompasses the eastern two-thirds of the Great Basin. The potential for development of water resources in this aquifer has prompted Federal, State, and local authorities to seek additional information about the quality and quantity of ground water in the carbonate-rock province.\r\n\r\nInvestigations of the region's hydrogeology have been ongoing since the early 1900's. U.S. Geological Survey studies dating from 1975 to 1996 used these data to identify temporal changes of water levels in wells, regional potentiometric surfaces, and the direction of regional ground-water flow in southern Nevada. In the current study, the ground-water potentiometric surface in a 20,000-square-mile section of the regional carbonate-rock aquifer in southern Nevada and southeastern California was identified based on interpretation of water-level data collected from 1998 through 2000. Also included are hydrographs that were constructed from water-level data collected from 1985 through 2000. The hydrographs and accompanying map provide a generalized picture of water levels in consolidated rocks of the southern portion of the carbonate-rock province. Interpretation of the potentiometric surface was constrained by the limited number of wells completed in the carbonate-rock aquifer.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01335","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J., 2001, Potentiometric surface, carbonate-rock province, southern Nevada and southeastern California, 1998-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-335, 15 p., 1 over-size sheet. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01335.","productDescription":"15 p., 1 over-size sheet. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95913,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0335/report.pdf","size":"1317","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95914,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0335/plate-1.pdf","size":"4795","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0335/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":2995,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr01335/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697449","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, J.W.","contributorId":24331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31209,"text":"ofr0130 - 2001 - Geologic map and digital database of the Porcupine Wash 7.5 minute Quadrangle, Riverside County, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T15:31:22.767844","indexId":"ofr0130","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-30","title":"Geologic map and digital database of the Porcupine Wash 7.5 minute Quadrangle, Riverside County, southern California","docAbstract":"This data set maps and describes the geology of the Porcupine Wash 7.5 minute quadrangle, Riverside County, southern California. The quadrangle, situated in Joshua Tree National Park in the eastern Transverse Ranges physiographic and structural province, encompasses parts of the Hexie Mountains, Cottonwood Mountains, northern Eagle Mountains, and south flank of Pinto Basin. It is underlain by a basement terrane comprising Proterozoic metamorphic rocks, Mesozoic plutonic rocks, and Mesozoic and Mesozoic or Cenozoic hypabyssal dikes. The basement terrane is capped by a widespread Tertiary erosion surface preserved in remnants in the Eagle and Cottonwood Mountains and buried beneath Cenozoic deposits in Pinto Basin. Locally, Miocene basalt overlies the erosion surface. A sequence of at least three Quaternary pediments is planed into the north piedmont of the Eagle and Hexie Mountains, each in turn overlain by successively younger residual and alluvial deposits. The Tertiary erosion surface is deformed and broken by north-northwest-trending, high-angle, dip-slip faults and an east-west trending system of high-angle dip- and left-slip faults. East-west trending faults are younger than and perhaps in part coeval with faults of the northwest-trending set. The Porcupine Wash database was created using ARCVIEW and ARC/INFO, which are geographical information system (GIS) software products of Envronmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI). The database consists of the following items: (1) a map coverage showing faults and geologic contacts and units, (2) a separate coverage showing dikes, (3) a coverage showing structural data, (4) a scanned topographic base at a scale of 1:24,000, and (5) attribute tables for geologic units (polygons and regions), contacts (arcs), and site-specific data (points). The database, accompanied by a pamphlet file and this metadata file, also includes the following graphic and text products: (1) A portable document file (.pdf) containing a navigable graphic of the geologic map on a 1:24,000 topographic base. The map is accompanied by a marginal explanation consisting of a Description of Map and Database Units (DMU), a Correlation of Map and Database Units (CMU), and a key to point-and line-symbols. (2) Separate .pdf files of the DMU and CMU, individually. (3) A PostScript graphic-file containing the geologic map on a 1:24,000 topographic base accompanied by the marginal explanation. (4) A pamphlet that describes the database and how to access it. Within the database, geologic contacts , faults, and dikes are represented as lines (arcs), geologic units as polygons and regions, and site-specific data as points. Polygon, arc, and point attribute tables (.pat, .aat, and .pat, respectively) uniquely identify each geologic datum and link it to other tables (.rel) that provide more detailed geologic information.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0130","usgsCitation":"Powell, R.E., 2001, Geologic map and digital database of the Porcupine Wash 7.5 minute Quadrangle, Riverside County, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-30, Readme Files, Metadata Files, Pamphlet Files, Pamphlet PDF, Database Files, Files for Viewing and Plotting, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0130.","productDescription":"Readme Files, Metadata Files, Pamphlet Files, Pamphlet PDF, Database Files, Files for Viewing and Plotting","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285889,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0130.jpg"},{"id":282043,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0030/pwash_readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":282044,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0030/pwash_met.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282063,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282045,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0030/pdf/pwash_pamph.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282046,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0030/pdf/pwash_dmu.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.67,33.4259 ], [ -117.67,34.0799 ], [ -114.4349,34.0799 ], [ -114.4349,33.4259 ], [ -117.67,33.4259 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6874e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Robert E. 0000-0001-7682-1655 rpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-1655","contributorId":4210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Robert","email":"rpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31345,"text":"ofr01375 - 2001 - Gravity data along LARSE (Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment) Line II, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T15:29:30.393599","indexId":"ofr01375","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-375","title":"Gravity data along LARSE (Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment) Line II, southern California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a detailed gravity study along part of the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment (LARSE) transect across the San Fernando Basin and Transverse Ranges to help characterize the structure underlying this area. 249 gravity measurements were collected along the transect and to augment regional coverage near the profile. An isostatic gravity low of 50-60 mGal reflects the San Fernando-East Ventura basin. Another prominent isostatic gravity with an amplitude of 30 mGal marks the Antelope Valley basin. Gravity highs occur over the Santa Monica Mountains and the Transverse Ranges. The highest isostatic gravity values coincide with outcrops of Pelona schist.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01375","usgsCitation":"Wooley, R..., and Langenheim, V., 2001, Gravity data along LARSE (Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment) Line II, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-375, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01375.","productDescription":"22 p.","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282807,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0375/pdf/princfacts.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":389995,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43756.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0375/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":3000,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0375/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59750,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0375/pdf/of01-375.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.0,\n 34.0\n ],\n [\n -118.0,\n 34.0\n ],\n [\n -118.0,\n 35.167\n ],\n [\n -119.0,\n 35.167\n ],\n [\n -119.0,\n 34.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4957e4b0b290850ef135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wooley, R .J.","contributorId":85998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooley","given":"R","email":"","middleInitial":".J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":61485,"text":"mf2370 - 2001 - Interpretive geologic cross sections for the Death Valley regional flow system and surrounding areas, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:45:47","indexId":"mf2370","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2370","title":"Interpretive geologic cross sections for the Death Valley regional flow system and surrounding areas, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"This report presents a network of 28 geologic cross sections that portray subsurface geologic relations within the Death Valley regional ground-water system, a ground-water basin that encompasses a 3? x 3? area (approximately 70,000 km2) in southern Nevada and eastern California. The cross sections transect that part of the southern Great Basin that includes Death Valley, the Nevada Test Site, and the potential high-level nuclear waste underground repository at Yucca Mountain. The specific geometric relationships portrayed on the cross sections are discussed in the context of four general sub-regions that have stratigraphic similarities and general consistency of structural style: (1) the Nevada Test Site vicinity; (2) the Spring Mountains, Pahrump Valley and Amargosa Desert region; (3) the Death Valley region; and (4) the area east of the Nevada Test Site. \r\nThe subsurface geologic interpretations portrayed on the cross sections are based on an integration of existing geologic maps, measured stratigraphic sections, published cross sections, well data, and geophysical data and interpretations. The estimated top of pre-Cenozoic rocks in the cross sections is based on inversion of gravity data, but the deeper parts of the sections are based on geologic conceptual models and are more speculative. \r\nThe region transected by the cross sections includes part of the southern Basin and Range Province, the northwest-trending Walker Lane belt, the Death Valley region, and the northern Mojave Desert. The region is structurally complex, where a locally thick Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary section unconformably overlies previously deformed Proterozoic through Paleozoic rocks. All of these rocks have been deformed by complex Neogene ex-tensional normal and strike-slip faults. These cross sections form a three-dimensional network that portrays the interpreted stratigraphic and structural relations in the region; the sections form part of the geologic framework that will be incorporated in a complex numerical model of ground-water flow in the Death Valley region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2370","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D.S., Dickerson, R., Blakely, R., and Denning, P., 2001, Interpretive geologic cross sections for the Death Valley regional flow system and surrounding areas, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2370, Three sheets: Sheet 1, 60 by 36 inches; sheet 2, 84 by 36 inches; sheet 3, 71 by 36 inches (all in color). Sheet 1, scale 1:750,000 and 1:1,500,000; sheet 2 and 3, scale 1:100,000 and 1:250,000 and 1:1,500,000; Accompanied by 35 p. text., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2370.","productDescription":"Three sheets: Sheet 1, 60 by 36 inches; sheet 2, 84 by 36 inches; sheet 3, 71 by 36 inches (all in color). Sheet 1, scale 1:750,000 and 1:1,500,000; sheet 2 and 3, scale 1:100,000 and 1:250,000 and 1:1,500,000; Accompanied by 35 p. text.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110217,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_44623.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"44623"},{"id":6050,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2001/mf-2370/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,35 ], [ -118,38 ], [ -115,38 ], [ -115,35 ], [ -118,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b2e4b07f02db530ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, D. S.","contributorId":61507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickerson, R. P.","contributorId":23968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denning, Paul pdenning@usgs.gov","contributorId":168842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denning","given":"Paul","email":"pdenning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":265788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31279,"text":"ofr01155 - 2001 - Selected hydrologic and water-quality data for Kamas Valley and vicinity, Summit County, Utah, 1997-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T09:49:47","indexId":"ofr01155","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-155","title":"Selected hydrologic and water-quality data for Kamas Valley and vicinity, Summit County, Utah, 1997-2000","docAbstract":"This report contains hydrologic and water-quality data collected in the Kamas Valley vicinity during a study from 1997 to 2000. The study area is in Summit County in north-central Utah and is part of the Middle Rocky Mountains Physiographic Province described by Fenneman (1931). Data were collected in Kamas Valley between the Uinta Mountains on the east and the West Hills on the west, the upper Weber River area, the Samak area along Beaver Creek, the Woodland area, and the Indian Hollow area. These areas, where population growth and water demand are concentrated, encompass about 70 square miles and include the Weber River, Beaver Creek, and Provo River drainages. Surface water is the dominant hydrologic resource. The combined average flow from these three drainages is about 345,000 acre-feet per year. Ground water is present in the unconsolidated deposits in Kamas Valley, in stream alluvium along Beaver Creek and the upper Weber River, and in the consolidated rocks surrounding Kamas Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S.Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr01155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department Of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality; Weber Basin Water Conservancy District; Davis and Weber Counties Canal Company; and the Weber River Water Users Association","usgsCitation":"Haraden, P.L., Spangler, L., Brooks, L., and Stolp, B., 2001, Selected hydrologic and water-quality data for Kamas Valley and vicinity, Summit County, Utah, 1997-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-155, Report: iv, 85 p.; 1 Plate: 18.92 x 26.04 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01155.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 85 p.; 1 Plate: 18.92 x 26.04 inches","numberOfPages":"93","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339531,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01155/pdf/OFR01155.pdf"},{"id":2903,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr01155","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258661,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0155/plate-1.pdf","size":"3.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Summit County","otherGeospatial":"Kamas Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8c45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haraden, Peter L.","contributorId":60276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haraden","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spangler, L.E.","contributorId":54230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, L.E.","contributorId":41852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":71942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30916,"text":"wri014074 - 2001 - Methods to quantify seepage beneath Levee 30, Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T18:51:36.439002","indexId":"wri014074","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4074","title":"Methods to quantify seepage beneath Levee 30, Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, cross-sectional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model and a simple application of Darcy?s law were used to quantify ground-water flow (from a wetlands) beneath Levee 30 in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Geologic and geophysical data, vertical seepage data from the wetlands, canal discharge data, ground-water-level data, and surface-water-stage data collected during 1995 and 1996 were used as boundary conditions and calibration data for the ground-water flow model and as input for the analytical model. Vertical seepage data indicated that water from the wetlands infiltrated the subsurface, near Levee 30, at rates ranging from 0.033 to 0.266 foot per day when the gates at the control structures along Levee 30 canal were closed. During the same period, stage differences between the wetlands (Water Conservation Area 3B) and Levee 30 canal ranged from 0.11 to 1.27 feet. A layer of low-permeability limestone, located 7 to 10 feet below land surface, restricts vertical flow between the surface water in the wetlands and the ground water. Based on measured water-level data, ground-water flow appears to be generally horizontal, except in the direct vicinity of the canal. The increase in discharge rate along a 2-mile reach of the Levee 30 canal ranged from 9 to 30 cubic feet per second per mile and can be attributed primarily to ground-water inflow. Flow rates in Levee 30 canal were greatest when the gates at the control structures were open. The ground-water flow model data were compared with the measured ground-water heads and vertical seepage from the wetlands. Estimating the horizontal ground-water flow rate beneath Levee 30 was difficult owing to the uncertainty in the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the main flow zone of the Biscayne aquifer. Measurements of ground-water flows into Levee 30 canal, a substantial component of the water budget, were also uncertain, which lessened the ability to validate the model results. Because of vertical flows near Levee 30 canal and a very low hydraulic gradient east of the canal, a simplified Darcian approach simulated with the ground-water flow model does not accurately estimate the horizontal ground-water flow rate. Horizontal ground-water flow rates simulated with the ground-water flow model (for a 60-foot-deep by 1-foot-wide section of the Biscayne aquifer) ranged from 150 to 450 cubic feet per day west of Levee 30 and from 15 to 170 cubic feet per day east of Levee 30 canal. Vertical seepage from the wetlands, within 500 feet of Levee 30, generally accounted for 10 to 15 percent of the total horizontal flow beneath the levee. Simulated horizontal ground-water flow was highest during the wet season and when the gates at the control structures were open.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014074","usgsCitation":"Sonenshein, R., 2001, Methods to quantify seepage beneath Levee 30, Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4074, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014074.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414247,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42283.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2881,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dad County","otherGeospatial":"Levee 30","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.417,\n 25.95\n ],\n [\n -80.5,\n 25.95\n ],\n [\n -80.5,\n 25.758\n ],\n [\n -80.417,\n 25.758\n ],\n [\n -80.417,\n 25.95\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62d22d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonenshein, R.S.","contributorId":10415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonenshein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}