The 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano involved at least 70 detected eruptive events between mid-December 2016 and August 30, 2017. Acquisition of high-resolution satellite imagery throughout the duration of the eruptive period allowed us to document and map the various morphologic changes that occurred on the subaerial part of Bogoslof Island. The emplacement of pyroclastic-flow and surge deposits caused the island to increase in area by about 1.5 km2. The dominant volcanic landforms of the eruption were a series of tuff rings emplaced around various submarine vents. Many of the tuff rings were mantled with surface dunes and impressive amounts of ballistic ejecta, likely derived from erupting magma bodies or previously emplaced submarine lava domes. Debris-flow deposits and surface channels extending over tuff ring surfaces apparent in multiple satellite images are evidence for explosive ejection of seawater. In most cases, erupting vents were initially submarine or began at subaerial lava domes and were largely flooded by seawater suggesting that water-magma ratios were likely high. Under such conditions where water is abundant, eruptive products typically reflect a high degree of water involvement and are dominated by the formation of wet tephra jets and flows and associated deposits typically consist of fine ash and lapilli, contain accretionary lapilli and ash aggregates, and usually form tuff cones and mounds. We observed none of these features in our analysis of satellite data or during our examination of eruptive deposits on Bogoslof Island in 2018. On the contrary, the dominant landform associated with the Bogoslof eruption was tuff rings. The development of tuff rings and surface dunes are commonly associated with the formation of pyroclastic base surges that are by comparison emplaced relatively dry. Dry base surge deposits can be generated from phreatomagmatic explosions involving superheated steam. It is possible that shallow submarine, magma–wet sediment interactions were a characteristic and possibly a dominant eruptive process of the 2016–2017 Bogoslof eruption.
Streamflow controls many freshwater and marine processes, including salinity profiles, sediment composition, fluxes of nutrients, and the timing of animal migrations. Watersheds that border the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) comprise over 400,000 km2 of largely pristine freshwater habitats and provide ecosystem services such as reliable fisheries for local and global food production. Yet no comprehensive watershed-scale description of current temporal and spatial patterns of streamflow exists within the coastal GOA. This is an immediate need because the spatial distribution of future streamflow patterns may shift dramatically due to warming air temperature, increased rainfall, diminishing snowpack, and rapid glacial recession. Our primary goal was to describe variation in streamflow patterns across the coastal GOA using an objective set of descriptors derived from flow predictions at the downstream-most point within each watershed. We leveraged an existing hydrologic runoff model and Bayesian mixture model to classify 4,140 watersheds into 13 classes based on seven streamflow statistics. Maximum discharge timing (annual phase shift) and magnitude relative to mean discharge (amplitude) were the most influential attributes. Seventy-six percent of watersheds by number showed patterns consistent with rain or snow as dominant runoff sources, while the remaining watersheds were driven by rain-snow, glacier, or low-elevation wetland runoff. Streamflow classes exhibited clear mechanistic links to elevation, ice coverage, and other landscape features. Our classification identifies watersheds that might shift streamflow patterns in the near future and, importantly, will help guide the design of studies that evaluate how hydrologic change will influence coastal GOA ecosystems.
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Ryan jbellmore@usgs.gov","contributorId":4527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellmore","given":"J. Ryan","email":"jbellmore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":833916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crumley, Ryan L.","contributorId":275278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crumley","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211078,"text":"70211078 - 2020 - High-resolution mapping of the freshwater-brine interface using deterministic and Bayesian inversion of airborne electromagnetic data at Paradox Valley, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-14T15:45:32.896544","indexId":"70211078","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-01T10:42:22","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution mapping of the freshwater-brine interface using deterministic and Bayesian inversion of airborne electromagnetic data at Paradox Valley, USA","docAbstract":"Salt loads in the Colorado River Basin are a primary water quality concern. Natural groundwater brine discharge to the Dolores River where it passes through the collapsed salt anticline of the Paradox Valley in western Colorado is a significant source of salt to the Colorado River. An airborne electromagnetic survey of Paradox Valley has provided insights into the 3D distribution of brine in the surficial aquifer. A combination of stochastic and deterministic resistivity inversions were used to interpret the top of the freshwater-brine interface and to qualitatively describe the vertical salinity gradients across the interface. Low-resistivity regions indicative of brine occur near the land surface where brine discharges to the Dolores River and increase in depth several kilometers up-gradient along the axis of the valley. The most conductive parts of the brine plume are found in the areas below and adjacent to the river, suggesting that the brine becomes shallower and more concentrated as it reaches its natural discharge location. A significant freshwater lens overlying the brine west of the Dolores River is spatially correlated to the intermittent West Paradox Creek and agricultural irrigation. Below this lens, the transition from freshwater to brine appears to occur abruptly over a few meters and correlates to available well information. However, away from these regions and particularly with distance from the river, the freshwater-brine interface appears to be more diffuse.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-019-02102-z","usgsCitation":"Ball, L.B., Bedrosian, P.A., and Minsley, B.J., 2020, High-resolution mapping of the freshwater-brine interface using deterministic and Bayesian inversion of airborne electromagnetic data at Paradox Valley, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 28, no. 3, p. 941-954, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-02102-z.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"941","endPage":"954","ipdsId":"IP-109154","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Paradox Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.083251953125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -105.732421875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -105.732421875,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -109.083251953125,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -109.083251953125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208285,"text":"70208285 - 2020 - Overall results and key findings on the use of UAV visible-color, multispectral, and thermal infrared imagery to map agricultural drainage pipes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T09:46:34","indexId":"70208285","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-01T09:40:13","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":680,"text":"Agricultural Water Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overall results and key findings on the use of UAV visible-color, multispectral, and thermal infrared imagery to map agricultural drainage pipes","docAbstract":"Effective and efficient methods are needed to map agricultural subsurface drainage systems. Visible-color (VIS-C), multispectral (MS), and thermal infrared (TIR) imagery obtained by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may provide a means for determining drainage pipe locations. Aerial surveys using a UAV with VIS-C, MS, and TIR cameras were conducted at 29 agricultural field sites in the Midwest U.S.A. to evaluate the potential of this technology for mapping buried drainage pipes. Overall results show VIS-C imagery detected at least some drain lines at 48 % of the sites (14 out of 29), MS imagery detected drain lines at 59 % of the sites (17 out of 29), and TIR imagery detected drain lines at 69 % of the sites (20 out of 29). Three key findings, listed as follows and emphasized in this article by site examples, were extracted from the overall results. (1) Although TIR generally worked best, there were sites where either VIS-C or MS proved more effective than TIR for mapping subsurface drainage systems. Consequently, to ensure the greatest chance for successfully determining drainage pipe patterns in a field, UAV surveys need to be carried out with all three types of cameras, VIS-C, MS, and TIR. (2) Timing of UAV surveys relative to recent rainfall can sometimes have an important impact on drainage pipe detection results. (3) Linear features representing drain lines and farm field operations can be confused with one another and are often both depicted on site aerial imagery. Knowledge of subsurface drainage system installation and farm field operations can be employed to distinguish linear features representing drain lines from those representing farm field operations. The overall results and extracted key findings from this study clearly indicate that VIS-C, MS, and TIR imagery obtained with UAVs have significant potential for use in mapping agricultural drainage pipe systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106036","usgsCitation":"Allred, B.J., Martinez, L., Fessehazion, M., Rouse, G., Williamson, T.N., Wishart, D., Koganti, T., Freeland, R., Eash, N., Batschelet, A., and Featheringill, R., 2020, Overall results and key findings on the use of UAV visible-color, multispectral, and thermal infrared imagery to map agricultural drainage pipes: Agricultural Water Management, v. 232, 106036, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106036.","productDescription":"106036, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112452","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106036","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.240234375,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -95.16357421875,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -95.16357421875,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -96.240234375,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -96.240234375,\n 42.79540065303723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 38.42777351132902\n ],\n [\n -81.76025390625,\n 38.42777351132902\n ],\n [\n -81.76025390625,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 38.42777351132902\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"232","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allred, Barry J.","contributorId":212023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allred","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38388,"text":"USDA, Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinez, Luis","contributorId":222112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fessehazion, Melake","contributorId":222113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fessehazion","given":"Melake","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rouse, Greg","contributorId":169158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rouse","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6728,"text":"Scripps Inst Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williamson, Tanja N. 0000-0002-7639-8495 tnwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-8495","contributorId":198329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Tanja","email":"tnwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wishart, DeBonne","contributorId":222114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wishart","given":"DeBonne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40490,"text":"Central State University - 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2020 - Eastern oyster clearance and respiration rates in response to acute and chronic exposure to suspended sediment loads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-08T15:47:02.571742","indexId":"70228237","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-01T09:31:23","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2449,"text":"Journal of Sea Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eastern oyster clearance and respiration rates in response to acute and chronic exposure to suspended sediment loads","docAbstract":"Coastal Louisiana supports some of the most productive areas for the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Changing conditions from restoration and climate change alter freshwater and sediment inflows into critical estuarine areas affecting water quality, including salinity and concentrations of suspended sediment. This study examined the effects of acute (1 h) and chronic (8 weeks) exposure of suspended sediment concentrations on the eastern oyster's respiration and clearance rates. Acute exposure at six sediment concentrations (0, 10, 50, 200, 500, 1000 mg L−1) and one salinity (15) indicated that sediment concentration significantly affected oyster clearance rates, with increasing clearance rates as suspended sediment concentrations increased up to 500 mg L−1. Respiration rates were not affected by sediment concentration (p = .12). Chronic exposure at two salinities (6 and 15) and three sediment concentrations (0, 50, 400 mg L−1) found no significant effect of sediment, salinity or their interaction on clearance rates. Respiration rate was reduced at higher sediment concentrations (50 and 400 mg L−1 versus 0 mg L−1) and lower salinity. As clearance and oxygen consumption rates critically inform oyster energetic models, these data provide valuable insight to more accurately predict eastern oyster population dynamics and inform harvest models in the face of changing estuarine conditions. Changes in rates of growth through altered energetic demands ultimately can impact not just the economic viability of the industry, but also the ability for the populations to maintain sustainable reefs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2019.101831","usgsCitation":"La Peyre, M., Bernasconi, S.K., Lavaud, R., Casas, S.M., and La Peyre, J.F., 2020, Eastern oyster clearance and respiration rates in response to acute and chronic exposure to suspended sediment loads: Journal of Sea Research, v. 157, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2019.101831.","productDescription":"101831, 7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-109899","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/animalsciences_pubs/794","text":"External Repository"},{"id":395621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Bay Gardene","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.68508720397949,\n 29.56188581810685\n ],\n [\n -89.6129035949707,\n 29.56188581810685\n ],\n [\n -89.6129035949707,\n 29.609804580144143\n ],\n [\n -89.68508720397949,\n 29.609804580144143\n ],\n [\n -89.68508720397949,\n 29.56188581810685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"157","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Peyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":264343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Megan K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernasconi, S. K.","contributorId":274906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernasconi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lavaud, R.","contributorId":273051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lavaud","given":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":32913,"text":"Louisiana State University Agricultural Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casas, S. M.","contributorId":272906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casas","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"La Peyre, J. F.","contributorId":273052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"La Peyre","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":32913,"text":"Louisiana State University Agricultural Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70210678,"text":"70210678 - 2020 - Final project memorandum: Identifying conservation objectives for the Gulf Coast habitats of the black skimmer and gull-billed tern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-17T14:01:00.671249","indexId":"70210678","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-01T08:55:34","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5883,"text":"Cooperator Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Final project memorandum: Identifying conservation objectives for the Gulf Coast habitats of the black skimmer and gull-billed tern","docAbstract":"Many shorebirds and nearshore waterbirds are of conservation concern across the Gulf of Mexico due to stressors such as human disturbance, predation, and habitat loss and degradation. Conservation and protection of these birds is important for the functioning of healthy ecosystems and for maintaining biodiversity in North America. Consequently, resource managers along the Gulf need decision-aiding tools that can help to answer important conservation questions for different species (e.g., how much area should be targeted by management actions to meet a species’ needs). To address this need, project researchers developed statistical models that could help identify habitat conservation objectives and actions for bird species taking into account different Gulf coast conservation scenarios that might occur in response to sea-level rise. The project focused specifically on the Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger) and Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica), two species designated as U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species of Conservation Concern and Gulf Coast Joint Venture Priority Species. These two birds are also representative of a variety of other beach and barrier-island nesting birds whose nesting habitats are threatened by sea-level rise (e.g., Least Tern, Snowy and Wilson’s Plover). The statistical models linked each bird’s abundance to habitat characteristics that could be influenced by different management actions. This information could be used to identify conservation objectives under different conservation scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","usgsCitation":"Cronin, J.P., 2020, Final project memorandum: Identifying conservation objectives for the Gulf Coast habitats of the black skimmer and gull-billed tern: Cooperator Report, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-116728","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":375615,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://secasc.ncsu.edu/science/gulf-coast-habitats/"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 25.363882272740256\n ],\n [\n -82.6611328125,\n 29.726222319395504\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 29.19053283229458\n ],\n [\n -98.2177734375,\n 26.588527147308614\n ],\n [\n -98.26171875,\n 22.79643932091949\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 19.02057711096681\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 17.811456088564483\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 18.312810846425442\n ],\n [\n -88.6376953125,\n 20.838277806058933\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 25.363882272740256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, James P. 0000-0001-6791-5828 jcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6791-5828","contributorId":5834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"James","email":"jcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209831,"text":"70209831 - 2020 - Pacific Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment (PaCSEA): Characterization of Seasonal Water Masses within the Northern California Current System Using Airborne Remote Sensing off Northern California, Oregon, and Washington, 2011–2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-19T14:26:42.015479","indexId":"70209831","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-01T07:39:51","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Pacific Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment (PaCSEA): Characterization of Seasonal Water Masses within the Northern California Current System Using Airborne Remote Sensing off Northern California, Oregon, and Washington, 2011–2012","docAbstract":"Here, we use ocean color measurements (Figure 1) and sea surface temperature (SST) data collected using sensors mounted on low-flying aircraft to characterize NCCS water masses and identify patterns among seasons and between years. To accomplish this, we applied k-means clustering to measured and derived ecologically-relevant physical and bio-optical variables (SST, Chla, absorbance by colored dissolved organic matter [aCDOM], proxy particle load). These classifications will be used in the future to evaluate species habitat distributions in the NCCS.","language":"English","publisher":"BOEM","usgsCitation":"Schulien, J.A., Adams, J., and Felis, J.J., 2020, Pacific Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment (PaCSEA): Characterization of Seasonal Water Masses within the Northern California Current System Using Airborne Remote Sensing off Northern California, Oregon, and Washington, 2011–2012, iv, 26 p.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-075956","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374387,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.boem.gov/environment/environmental-studies/recently-completed-environmental-studies-pacific"},{"id":374397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Continental Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.0791015625,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -126.0791015625,\n 42.19596877629178\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulien, J A","contributorId":224409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schulien","given":"J","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":37814,"text":"Former USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":788212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Josh 0000-0003-3056-925X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-925X","contributorId":213442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Felis, Jonathan J. 0000-0002-0608-8950 jfelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0608-8950","contributorId":4825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felis","given":"Jonathan","email":"jfelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209014,"text":"70209014 - 2020 - Acute toxicity and clotting times of anticoagulant rodenticides to red-toothed (Odonus niger) and black (Melichthys niger) triggerfish, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-12T07:09:46","indexId":"70209014","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-01T07:08:40","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity and clotting times of anticoagulant rodenticides to red-toothed (Odonus niger) and black (Melichthys niger) triggerfish, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","docAbstract":"Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) areused in rateradication efforts on island wildlife refuges. ARbait pellets can get into coralreefareasduring broadcasting and leadto exposure ofnon-target organisms, such as marine fishes. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of representative saltwater fishes, Red-toothed triggerfish (Odonus niger) and Black triggerfish (Melichthys niger), and common freshwater fishes, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to first generation ARs, diphacinone (DPN) and chlorophacinone (CPN), as well as a second-generation AR, brodifacoum (BROD). Acute toxicity of ARs was evaluated by single dose, intraperitoneal injections. The median lethal dose (LD50) ranges were 137−175μg DPN/g, 155−182μg CPN/g, and 36−48μg BROD/g for Red-toothed triggerfish and 90−122μg DPN/g, 125−164μg CPN/g, and 50−75μg BROD/g for black triggerfish. Laboratory surrogate test fish species fathead minnow and largemouth bass were of similar sensitivity toward AR-induced toxicity compared to triggerfish based on LD50 values. Sublethal effects on elevated clotting time occurred in dose-dependent fashion in all fish tested. Fish appear to have low sensitivity to AR chemicals as compared to other taxa, in particular mammals and birds, based on across-taxa comparisons of species sensitivity distributions of whole body, single dose acute lethality (LD50 values). The sensitivity of fish to waterborne exposures of ARs has yet to be fully evaluated and indeed may prove more hazardous to fish.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105429","usgsCitation":"Riegerix, R., Tanner, M., Gale, R.W., and Tillitt, D.E., 2020, Acute toxicity and clotting times of anticoagulant rodenticides to red-toothed (Odonus niger) and black (Melichthys niger) triggerfish, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 221, 105429, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105429.","productDescription":"105429, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-096494","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457917,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105429","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QRI492","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Acute toxicity and clotting times of anticoagulant rodenticides to red-toothed (Odonus niger) and black (Melichthys niger) triggerfish, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)"},{"id":373160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"221","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riegerix, Rachelle 0000-0002-0992-6251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0992-6251","contributorId":223210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riegerix","given":"Rachelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanner, Mike 0000-0001-5833-6015","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5833-6015","contributorId":222914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70208277,"text":"sir20205003 - 2020 - Extending seasonal discharge records for streamgage sites on the North Fork Fortymile and Middle Fork Fortymile Rivers, Alaska, through water year 2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-25T20:48:21.74271","indexId":"sir20205003","displayToPublicDate":"2020-01-31T17:09:16","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5003","displayTitle":"Extending Seasonal Discharge Records for Streamgage Sites on the North Fork Fortymile and Middle Fork Fortymile Rivers, Alaska, through Water Year 2019","title":"Extending seasonal discharge records for streamgage sites on the North Fork Fortymile and Middle Fork Fortymile Rivers, Alaska, through water year 2019","docAbstract":"Daily mean discharge values were estimated for May 20–September 30 for 1976–82 and 2006–18 for the U.S. Geological Survey North Fork Fortymile River and Middle Fork Fortymile River streamgage sites in Alaska. A relation between study streamgage discharge and discharge for an index streamgage on the main-stem Fortymile River for a concurrent period in 2019 was developed using the maintenance of variance extension type 3 (MOVE.3) record extension technique. The relation for North Fork Fortymile River discharges incorporated a 1-day-earlier offset to index streamgage discharges. No offset was applied to the index streamgage discharges for use with the Middle Fork Fortymile River discharges. The developed MOVE.3 regressions were used to estimate daily mean discharges at the study streamgage sites during the study season for the longer period of record of the index streamgage. The modified Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients for the estimated records were 0.38 and 0.63 for the North Fork Fortymile River and Middle Fork Fortymile River streamgages, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Curran, J.H., 2020, Extending seasonal discharge records for streamgage sites on the North Fork Fortymile and Middle Fork Fortymile Rivers, Alaska, through water year 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5003, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205003.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; 1 Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-114440","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399626,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109660.htm"},{"id":371893,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5003/sir20205003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5033"},{"id":371892,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5003/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":371894,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5003/sir20205003_appendix1.csv","text":"Appendix 1","size":"137 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"SIR 2020-5033 Appendix 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Fortymile River, Middle Fork Fortymile River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -144.3333,\n 63.1667\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 63.1667\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 64.75\n ],\n [\n -144.3333,\n 64.75\n ],\n [\n -144.3333,\n 63.1667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
Unsustainably high mortality within the first 2 years of life prevents endangered Lost River Suckers Deltistes luxatus in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, from recruiting to spawning populations. Massive blooms of the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae and their subsequent death and decay in the lake (bloom‐crashes) are associated with high pH, low percent oxygen saturation, high total ammonia concentrations, and spikes in the cyanotoxin microcystin. Poor water quality within the lake is considered the most likely cause of juvenile sucker mortality, but mechanisms causing the high mortality are not known. We introduced PIT‐tagged age‐1 Lost River suckers into three continuously monitored mesocosms in Upper Klamath Lake to determine the timing of juvenile sucker mortality relative to pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Mortality was inferred from a lack of movement detected on remote PIT tag detection equipment within each mesocosm. Mortality was compared among mesocosms and an indoor tank‐held control group. We fitted time‐varying Cox hazard models to test hypotheses about short‐term and chronic effects of single and co‐occurring water quality parameters on the daily hazard rate. Presumed healthy or moribund fish that were collected pre‐season, mid‐season, or at the end of the study were examined macroscopically and histologically to generate inferences about the causes of mortality. Models did not indicate a plausible association between water quality variables and mortality. Hypoxia preceded periods of higher mortality at two of three sites but did not co‐occur with mortality. Hatchery‐reared Lost River Suckers confined to mesocosms may not represent the behavior of wild fish, and it is unclear whether the same factors affect the mortality of wild age‐0 suckers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10227","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., Hereford, D.M., Conway, C.M., Banet, N.V., Powers, R., Martin, B.A., and Elliott, D.G., 2020, Mortality of endangered juvenile Lost River Suckers associated with cyanobacteria blooms in mesocosms in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 149, no. 3, p. 245-265, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10227.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"265","ipdsId":"IP-111701","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.13226318359375,\n 42.200038266046754\n ],\n [\n -121.74774169921875,\n 42.200038266046754\n ],\n [\n -121.74774169921875,\n 42.60768474453004\n ],\n [\n -122.13226318359375,\n 42.60768474453004\n ],\n [\n -122.13226318359375,\n 42.200038266046754\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"149","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hereford, Danielle M 0000-0001-8993-6144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8993-6144","contributorId":238014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hereford","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":47681,"text":"U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Basin Area Office, 6600 Washburn Way, Klamath Falls, Oregon, 97603","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conway, Carla M. 0000-0002-3851-3616 cmconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-3616","contributorId":2946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Carla","email":"cmconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banet, Nathan V 0000-0002-8537-1702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8537-1702","contributorId":238015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banet","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"V","affiliations":[{"id":24583,"text":"former USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powers, Rachel L. 0000-0001-6901-4361","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6901-4361","contributorId":190182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Rachel L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martin, Barbara A. 0000-0002-9415-6377 barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-6377","contributorId":2855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Barbara","email":"barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70217164,"text":"70217164 - 2020 - Predictive relations between acid-base chemistry and fish assemblages in streams of the Adirondack Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T17:30:33.449604","indexId":"70217164","displayToPublicDate":"2020-01-31T11:26:17","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5590,"text":"NYSERDA Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"20-04","title":"Predictive relations between acid-base chemistry and fish assemblages in streams of the Adirondack Mountains","docAbstract":"Surface waters across much of New York State’s Adirondack Mountains were acidified in the late 20th century but began to recover following the 1990 Title IV Amendments to the Clean Air Act. Previous assessments of acidification recovery in the Adirondacks have generally been based on surface water chemistry data and inferred relationships to fish and other aquatic biota. Little data, however, has been available to characterize biological impacts and predict recovery of fish assemblages in streams of the region. Here, we use quantitative fish surveys combined with chemistry data from 48 headwater streams sampled during summer 2014–2016 to develop logistic (probability) models that characterize the status of contemporary fish assemblages and predict how different N and S deposition loads may affect future fish assemblages. Statistical models for inorganic aluminum (Ali) and richness ≥1 species; and for acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and total density >400 fish/0.1 ha, total biomass >1500 g/0.1 ha, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis density >0 or >200 fish/0.1 ha, and brook trout biomass >1000 g/0.1 ha were suitable for evaluating community and population responses to changes in acid-base chemistry. Predictions of fish-assemblage responses using several of these models demonstrated that anticipated changes in national (U.S.) secondary standards for atmospheric emissions of NOx and SOx to achieve target N and S deposition loads are likely to alter the acid-base chemistry and the probabilities of observing various levels of brook trout population and fish-community metrics in streams across the region and elsewhere.
Somatic growth patterns among animal populations are maintained through complex processes that vary among ecosystems. Changes in growth patterns may be concomitant with changes in climate; however, understanding how growth will manifest among ecosystems is limited. Information embedded within fish hard-parts (i.e., otoliths, spines, vertebrae) can account for variation in growth patterns resulting from changing climate conditions. Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus is a freshwater fish species widely distributed across North America with limited information regarding climate influences on growth and differences in climate-growth relations among ecological systems. We assessed growth (total length) response to changing climate conditions for channel catfish among three waterbody types—pit lakes, irrigation and power-generation reservoirs, and flood-control reservoirs in Nebraska, USA. We used linear mixed-effect models and an information theoretic approach to assess the relative strengths among competing hypotheses. The most supported linear mixed-effect model of channel catfish growth was a function of fish age and an interaction between waterbody type and growing-degree-day (GDD). A positive trend existed in GDD from 1990 through 2008 whereby the predicted increase in GDD among waterbody types ranged from 182 GDD to 189 GDD. The predicted change in channel catfish growth resulting from increased GDD ranged from 1% to 39% among waterbody types. Channel catfish population rate functions, thus, may not respond similarly to climate conditions across ecosystem types. Changes in climate variables may contribute to system-specific responses in population dynamics for channel catfish as well as other similar freshwater species. The establishment of relations between climate and growth variables for a freshwater generalist with a plastic diet and broad temperature tolerance serves as an indication of the breadth of responses possible for freshwater fishes under global changes in climate conditions.
Estimating the number of breeding pairs in a mixed-species waterbird colony is difficult because colonial waterbirds are vulnerable to human intrusion and their colonies are often in remote areas with limited access. We investigated methods to estimate the number of nests of waterbirds at a large, mixed-species colony at Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge in south-central North Dakota. The primary goals of this study were to evaluate survey methods for shrub- and ground-nesting colonial waterbirds at Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge and to develop protocols for estimating abundance of the different species. The specific objectives were (1) to assess visible-nest counts for ciconiiform species from the perimeter of nesting areas (hereafter, perimeter counts) and observational surveys from fixed points outside the colony to count flights of adult ciconiiforms in and out of the colony (hereafter, flightline surveys) as alternatives to within-colony counts of ciconiiform nests, and (2) to assess semiautomated, pixel-based image-analysis techniques to estimate abundance of American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) as an alternative to traditional manual counts from aerial photographs.
For shrub-nesting ciconiiform species, observers counted 2,259 and 1,759 active ciconiiform nests in 2012 and 2013, respectively, during within-colony counts of ciconiiform nests. Results from within-colony counts of ciconiiform nests indicated a positive relation between the number of nests and the area of the shrub subcolony for the three most common ciconiiform species and all ciconiiform species combined. The perimeter nest counts of ciconiiform nests at Chase Lake represented only 18.8 percent of the total active ciconiiform nests counted in 11 subcolonies in 2012, which was well below the recommended target of 50 percent. Although we found a positive relationship between the number of nests counted during perimeter counts and the number of nests counted during within-colony counts for the three most common ciconiiform species and all ciconiiform species combined, perimeter counts at Chase Lake were hampered by disturbance to nesting birds. Thus, we discontinued the perimeter counts before they were completed. We did not develop predictive models from these perimeter counts in 2012 because these models could be misleading due to inconsistent application of the survey methods, which likely would have provided inaccurate perimeter counts. The extent of this issue is unknown. Flightline surveys at Chase Lake documented patterns of ciconiiform activity that were unknown for this region. For the common ciconiiform species, the number of flights to and from the South Island at Chase Lake were greatest in the morning (7:00−12:00 central daylight time [CDT]) and least in the afternoon (12:00−17:00), and least early in the breeding season (May 29–June 20, 2013) and greatest later in the breeding season (June 24–August 1, 2013). Flightline surveys are an index but lacked comparability with within-colony nest counts because the two methods provide measures of different things (that is, adult activity away from the colony as compared to the number of nests within the colony). The overall proportions of flights generally reflected the proportions of the within-colony nest counts for the four most common species: Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis), Great Egret (Ardea alba), and Snowy Egret (Egretta thula). Flightline surveys at Chase Lake indicated apparent variation related to the time of day and season, as well as a variation in detection of inbound and outbound adult ciconiiforms. For ciconiiforms at Chase Lake, the most appropriate combination of survey approaches will depend on the need for annual estimates of nest abundance of ciconiiform species, balanced with the financial, personnel, and logistical constraints associated with the survey methods.
For ground-nesting American White Pelicans, the results from this study indicated that digital-image processing using remote-sensing software provides an accurate estimate of the number of American White Pelican nests. Estimates of the number of pelican nests from digital-image processing, using two commercially available remote-sensing software packages, produced nest estimates that were comparable to those of traditional manual counts from aerial photographs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Igl, L.D., Bartos, A.J., Woodward, R.O., Scherr, P., and Sovada, M.A, 2020, Evaluation of survey methods for colonial waterbirds at Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1008, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201008. ","productDescription":"Report: viii, 44 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-112516","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371775,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1008/ofr20201008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020–1008"},{"id":371774,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1008/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":371776,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90NK31K","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Evaluation of Survey Methods for Colonial Waterbirds at Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota, data release"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota ","otherGeospatial":"Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.481105,46.983794 ], [ -99.481105,47.030693 ], [ -99.417191,47.030693 ], [ -99.417191,46.983794 ], [ -99.481105,46.983794 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, North Dakota 58401
Since the 1990s, increased chloride concentrations of water pumped from wells (much of which is used for drinking water) and the effects of withdrawals on groundwater-dependent ecosystems have led to concerns over groundwater availability on the island of Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi. An improved understanding of the hydrologic effects of proposed groundwater withdrawals is needed to ensure effective management of the groundwater resources of Molokaʻi, plan for possible growth, and accommodate cultural, social, and economic concerns. To address the information needs of managers and community stakeholders on Molokaʻi, the U.S. Geological Survey developed a numerical groundwater model capable of simulating salinity change and reduction in groundwater discharge in coastal areas of central and southern Molokaʻi. Estimates of groundwater recharge needed as input to the numerical groundwater model were made using a daily water budget for each decade during 1940−2012 (the period 2000−12 spanned 13 years) and the most current available data, including the distributions of monthly rainfall and potential evapotranspiration. Total island recharge during the decadal periods ranged from a low of about 189 Mgal/d during the 1970s to a high of 278 Mgal/d during the 1960s. These recharge estimates were used to develop an island-wide numerical groundwater model with simplifying assumptions (sharp interface between freshwater and saltwater; two-dimensional flow). The island-wide model provided estimates of groundwater inflows to the main area of interest simulated with a three-dimensional numerical groundwater model. Simulated withdrawal scenarios were selected in consultation with water managers and stakeholders and consisted of: (1) a baseline scenario using average recharge (1978−2007 rainfall and 2010 land cover) and average 2016−17 withdrawals; (2) a scenario using average recharge and withdrawals from existing wells at pending (as of January 2019) water-use permit rates; (3) six scenarios using average recharge and selected withdrawals from existing and proposed wells; and (4) a scenario using reduced recharge and selected withdrawals from existing and proposed wells. Results of the simulated withdrawal scenarios indicate that wells may be capable of producing groundwater with chloride concentrations below 250 mg/L at withdrawal rates exceeding average 2016−17 rates. However, the quality of water withdrawn from production wells is dependent on the rate and distribution of the withdrawals. For all nonbaseline scenarios, simulated groundwater discharge to the nearshore environment is reduced relative to the baseline scenario. Areas of discharge reduction may correspond to areas used for cultural or subsistence purposes. The three-dimensional numerical groundwater model developed for this study utilizes the latest available hydrologic and geologic information and is a useful tool for understanding the hydrologic effects of additional groundwater withdrawals in central Molokaʻi. The model has several limitations, including its nonuniqueness and inability to account for local-scale heterogeneities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawai‘i Department of Hawaiian Home Lands, State of Hawai‘i Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and County of Maui Department of Water Supply","usgsCitation":"Oki, D.S., Engott, J.A., and Rotzoll, K., 2020, Numerical simulation of groundwater availability in central Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5150, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195150.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 95 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"95","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-032683","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399622,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109628.htm"},{"id":371721,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HRQASS","linkHelpText":"Central Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi, SUTRA model"},{"id":371719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5150/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":371720,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5150/sir20195150.pdf","text":"Report","size":"40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019-5150"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Moloka‘i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.77352905273438,\n 21.179289725795993\n ],\n [\n -156.8572998046875,\n 21.163922551671376\n ],\n [\n -156.92184448242188,\n 21.167764494849468\n ],\n [\n -156.97265625,\n 21.211299542246586\n ],\n [\n -156.99737548828125,\n 21.189533621502626\n ],\n [\n -157.1429443359375,\n 21.199776807250093\n ],\n [\n -157.21298217773435,\n 21.220261047755002\n ],\n [\n -157.25830078125,\n 21.218980865996457\n ],\n [\n -157.25555419921875,\n 21.17672864097083\n ],\n [\n -157.2967529296875,\n 21.14599216495789\n ],\n [\n -157.30499267578125,\n 21.097313035028538\n ],\n [\n -157.18826293945312,\n 21.090906697412837\n ],\n [\n -157.08801269531247,\n 21.103719096296263\n ],\n [\n -157.03582763671875,\n 21.090906697412837\n ],\n [\n -156.90811157226562,\n 21.051181240269393\n ],\n [\n -156.84906005859375,\n 21.047336278183312\n ],\n [\n -156.77215576171875,\n 21.08450008351735\n ],\n [\n -156.70074462890625,\n 21.15879980561845\n ],\n [\n -156.77352905273438,\n 21.179289725795993\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Inouye Regional Center
1845 Wasp Blvd., B176
Honolulu, HI 96818