South Floria is home to a variety of ecosystems. Small variations in elevation (in some cases, only inches), water salinity (a measure of salt content), soil type, and fire frequency dictate which landscape community will prevail. Below are descriptions and photographs of some of South Florida's unique ecosystems.
","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051021","usgsCitation":"Ecosystems of South Florida; 2005; OFR; 2005-1021; Enright, T. J.; Pegram, K. M. H.","productDescription":"1 oversize sheet","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6245,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1021/ofr2005-1021.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2005-1021"},{"id":188708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1021/coverthb.jpg"}],"scale":"1","edition":"Revised January 2005","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Classification Atlas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051003","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., and Peterson, R.L., 2005, Coastal classification atlas: Southeastern Louisiana coastal classification maps -- Pass Abel to East Timbalier Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1003, HTML Document; 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051003.","productDescription":"HTML Document; 1 CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":390618,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70957.htm"},{"id":6248,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"East Timbalier Island, Pass Abel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.29525756835938,\n 29.084976575985912\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 29.084976575985912\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 29.27442054681336\n ],\n [\n -90.29525756835938,\n 29.27442054681336\n ],\n [\n -90.29525756835938,\n 29.084976575985912\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e73da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Russell L.","contributorId":55045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005,"text":"sir20055003 - 2005 - Evaluation of two low-flow releases from Big Tujunga Reservoir, Los Angeles County, California, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:35","indexId":"sir20055003","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5003","title":"Evaluation of two low-flow releases from Big Tujunga Reservoir, Los Angeles County, California, 2003","docAbstract":"Since 1973, the Santa Ana Sucker (Catostomus santaanae) has been listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. The Lower Big Tujunga Creek, in Los Angeles County, is one of the areas in southern California where the Santa Ana Sucker is still present. This study was designed to assess two flow releases from Big Tujunga Dam that may contribute to favorable habitat conditions for the Santa Ana Sucker. It is important for the Santa Ana Sucker's survival that pools in the lower reach of the study area are replenished periodically. The focus of the study area was on the Lower Big Tujunga Creek within a reach extending approximately 6 miles downstream from the Big Tujunga Reservoir. Six sites were established from the Big Tujunga Dam to Delta Flats day-use area for data collection. This report describes the study design, discharge measurements, and the flow data collected from the two releases. \r\n\r\n Two scheduled flows (phases 1 and 2) were released from the Big Tujunga Reservoir in August and September 2003. During the first phase, which lasted 50 hours, travel times from the dam to four sites downstream were determined. Arrival times at the four sites were determined on the basis of temperature data. Travel time from the dam to site 6 (the furthest downstream site) was about 51.5 hours. Travel times for subreaches were 3 hours from site 1 to site 2, 6.5 hours from site 2 to site 3, almost 18 hours from site 3 to site 4, and 24 hours from site 4 to site 6. The temperature probe at site 5 was destroyed, and thus the arrival time could not be estimated. A probe that measures stage was placed in one of the many pools downstream from site 4 to evaluate a typical pool response to a low-flow release. Also, discharge measurements were taken at four sites along the study reach. \r\n\r\n In phase 2, which lasted 5 days (121 hours), flow losses along the 6-mile reach were analyzed. Losses were estimated by measuring difference in flow from the dam to sites 3, 4, 5, and 6, when flow was most stable at each site or when the last measurement made before flow decreased due to flow from dam being shut off. Losses in the plunge pool, directly below the dam were assumed to be negligible for this study. Overall creek loss between the dam and site 6 (the last site) was estimated to be between 4.0 and 4.2 ft3/s (cubic feet per second). Estimated losses between the dam and intermediate sites were about 1.5 ft3/s to site 3; 2.5 ft3/s to site 4; and between 3.7 and 4.1 ft3/s to site 5.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055003","usgsCitation":"Mendez, G.O., 2005, Evaluation of two low-flow releases from Big Tujunga Reservoir, Los Angeles County, California, 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5003, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055003.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6240,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9e00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendez, Gregory O. 0000-0002-9955-3726 gomendez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-3726","contributorId":1489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendez","given":"Gregory","email":"gomendez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":281655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69981,"text":"sir20045181 - 2005 - Simulated water sources and effects of pumping on surface and ground water, Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T20:15:42.309421","indexId":"sir20045181","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5181","title":"Simulated water sources and effects of pumping on surface and ground water, Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The sandy sediments underlying Cape Cod, Massachusetts, compose an important aquifer that is the sole source of water for a region undergoing rapid development. Population increases and urbanization on Cape Cod lead to two primary environmental effects that relate directly to water supply: (1) adverse effects of land use on the quality of water in the aquifer and (2) increases in pumping that can adversely affect environmentally sensitive surface waters, such as ponds and streams. These considerations are particularly important on the Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses, which underlie the largest and most populous areas on Cape Cod.
Numerical models of the two flow lenses were developed to simulate ground-water-flow conditions in the aquifer and to (1) delineate areas at the water table contributing water to wells and (2) estimate the effects of pumping and natural changes in recharge on surface waters. About 350 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water recharges the aquifer at the water table in this area; most water (about 65 percent) discharges at the coast and most of the remaining water (about 28 percent) discharges into streams. A total of about 24.9 Mgal/d, or about 7 percent, of water in the aquifer is withdrawn for water supply; most pumped water is returned to the hydrologic system as return flow creating a state of near mass balance in the aquifer. Areas at the water table that contribute water directly to production wells total about 17 square miles; some water (about 10 percent) pumped from the wells flows through ponds prior to reaching the wells. Current (2003) steady-state pumping reduces simulated ground-water levels in some areas by more than 4 feet; projected (2020) pumping may reduce water levels by an additional 3 feet or more in these same areas. Current (2003) and future (2020) pumping reduces total streamflow by about 4 and 9 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), corresponding to about 5 percent and 9 percent, respectively, of total streamflow.
Natural recharge varies with time, over both monthly and multiyear time scales. Monthly changes in recharge cause pond levels to vary between 1 and 2 feet in an average year; annual changes in recharge, which can be much larger than monthly variations, can cause pond levels to vary by more than 10 feet in some areas over a period of years. Streamflow, which also changes in response to changes in recharge, varies by a factor of two over an average year and can vary more over multiyear periods. On average, monthly pumping ranges from 15.8 Mgal/d in March to 45.3 Mgal/d in August. Pumping and the distribution of return flow can seasonally affect the hydrologic system by lowering ground-water and pond levels and by depleting streamflows, particularly in the summer months. Maximum drawdowns in March and August exceed 3 feet and 6 feet, respectively, for current (2003) pumping. Simulated drawdowns from projected (2020) pumping, relative to water levels representing 2003 pumping conditions, exceed 2 feet in March and 5 feet in August. Current (2003) and future (2020) pumping can decrease pond levels in some areas by more than 3 feet; drawdown generally is largest during the month of August of an average year. Over multiyear periods, seasonal pumping can lower pond levels in some areas by more than 4 feet; the effects of seasonal pumping are largest during periods of reduced recharge. Monthly streamflow depletion varies in individual streams but can exceed 2 ft3/s in some streams.
The combined effects of seasonal pumping and drought can reduce pond levels by more than 10 feet below average levels. Water levels in Mary Dunn Pond, which is in an area of large current and projected pumping, are predicted (2020) to decline during drought conditions by about 10.6 feet: about 6.9 feet from lower recharge, about 2.3 feet from current (2003) pumping, and about 1.4 feet from additional future (2020) pumping. The results indicate that pumping generally does not cause substantial streamflow depletion and that the primary effect of pumping is on water levels in ponds. Natural changes in recharge account for most of the variation in pond levels; however, pumping can cause substantial declines in the levels of ponds near pumping wells. Also, the effects of pumping and recharge can combine to cause drawdowns of more than 10 feet in some areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045181","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., and Whealan, A.T., 2005, Simulated water sources and effects of pumping on surface and ground water, Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5181, vi, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045181.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p.","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6233,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045181/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2004_5181.jpg"},{"id":407993,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70790.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod, Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.6978,\n 41.5031\n ],\n [\n -69.9169,\n 41.5031\n ],\n [\n -69.9169,\n 41.8192\n ],\n [\n -70.6978,\n 41.8192\n ],\n [\n -70.6978,\n 41.5031\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3267","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whealan, Ann T.","contributorId":72074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whealan","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69985,"text":"ofr20041381 - 2005 - Putting radon to work: identifying coastal ground-water discharge sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T19:45:12.007255","indexId":"ofr20041381","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1381","title":"Putting radon to work: identifying coastal ground-water discharge sites","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041381","usgsCitation":"Crusius, J., Bratton, J.F., and Charette, M., 2005, Putting radon to work: identifying coastal ground-water discharge sites: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1381, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041381.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191103,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6237,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1381/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415101,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70495.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","county":"Barnstable County","otherGeospatial":"Waquoit Bay study area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.5475,\n 41.587\n ],\n [\n -70.5475,\n 41.55\n ],\n [\n -70.5,\n 41.55\n ],\n [\n -70.5,\n 41.587\n ],\n [\n -70.5475,\n 41.587\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6556fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bratton, John F. 0000-0003-0376-4981 jbratton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0376-4981","contributorId":92757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"John","email":"jbratton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Charette, Matt","contributorId":93986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charette","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70234122,"text":"70234122 - 2005 - Erratum: Empirical evidence for acceleration-dependent amplification factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-01T16:49:16.451333","indexId":"70234122","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-01T11:45:48","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erratum: Empirical evidence for acceleration-dependent amplification factors","docAbstract":"Incorrect versions of Figures 5 and 6 containing normalization errors were accidentally published by Borcherdt (2002). They should be replaced with the figures shown here. The text and tabulated regression values published in Borcherdt (2002) are correct and refer to the figures shown here.
Common geological, geochemical, and geophysical characteristics of continental fragments of East Gondwana and adjacent oceanic lithosphere define a long-lived, low-volume, diffuse alkaline magmatic province (DAMP) encompassing the easternmost part of the Indo-Australian Plate, West Antarctica, and the southwest portion of the Pacific Plate. A key to generating the Cenozoic magmatism is the combination of metasomatized lithosphere underlain by mantle at only slightly elevated temperatures, in contrast to large igneous provinces where mantle temperatures are presumed to be high. The SW Pacific DAMP magmatism has been conjecturally linked to rifting, strike-slip faulting, mantle plumes, or hundreds of hot spots, but all of these associations have flaws. We suggest instead that sudden detachment and sinking of subducted slabs in the late Cretaceous induced Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities along the former Gondwana margin that in turn triggered lateral and vertical flow of warm Pacific mantle. The interaction of the warm mantle with metasomatized subcontinental lithosphere that characterizes much of the SW Pacific DAMP concentrates magmatism along zones of weakness. The model may also provide a mechanism for warming south Pacific mantle and resulting Cenozoic alkaline magmatism, where the oceanic areas are characterized primarily, but not exclusively, by short-lived hot spot tracks not readily explained by conventional mantle plume theory. This proposed south Pacific DAMP is much larger and longer-lived than previously considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004GC000723","usgsCitation":"Finn, C.A., Muller, R.D., and Panter, K.S., 2005, A Cenozoic diffuse alkaline magmatic province (DAMP) in the southwest Pacific without rift or plume origin: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 6, no. 2, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000723.","productDescription":"26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 141.40901860753115,\n -5.480605187586676\n ],\n [\n 142.73289717877526,\n -15.548963187595149\n ],\n [\n 145.03539569739166,\n -23.193508859521103\n ],\n [\n 144.76132874631963,\n -29.75849875254623\n ],\n [\n 143.26275963407608,\n -32.36129606103031\n ],\n [\n 137.18305458616805,\n -36.48053819343534\n ],\n [\n 133.39354764043622,\n -44.80133866678733\n ],\n [\n 141.2409883081388,\n -57.53438563658709\n ],\n [\n 165.822525617912,\n -71.34113254735675\n ],\n [\n 159.41794572262887,\n -78.70346143062648\n ],\n [\n 235.03047916064293,\n -74.5988610902674\n ],\n [\n 266.99753083731775,\n -74.54034786627517\n ],\n [\n 298.2931969491948,\n -66.08635460958754\n ],\n [\n 256.3919233502881,\n -60.81804003641632\n ],\n [\n 210.8258991828335,\n -64.75509484565525\n ],\n [\n 180.2425443439754,\n -64.80016682109428\n ],\n [\n 169.03754796071712,\n -56.07521635055516\n ],\n [\n 180.75574357356697,\n -49.96417200556338\n ],\n [\n 188.326643417514,\n -42.26428379678413\n ],\n [\n 177.82032577989673,\n -35.66371644081358\n ],\n [\n 170.25367390401914,\n -30.374992037830154\n ],\n [\n 168.45970397192616,\n -22.243139141790323\n ],\n [\n 167.0397079666301,\n -14.652387674233665\n ],\n [\n 154.146382238285,\n -5.282952483352119\n ],\n [\n 152.0251734831345,\n -4.187265721499031\n ],\n [\n 145.05672267039722,\n -5.796261448704058\n ],\n [\n 141.40901860753115,\n -5.480605187586676\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muller, R. Dietmar","contributorId":328907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dietmar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panter, Kurt S.","contributorId":36943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panter","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69971,"text":"fs20053009 - 2005 - Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the north Cuba Basin, Cuba, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T13:18:36.982501","indexId":"fs20053009","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3009","title":"Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the north Cuba Basin, Cuba, 2004","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable database for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. \r\n\r\n Water resources data reported for the 2004 water year for Arkansas consist of records of discharge and water quality (physical measurements and chemical concentrations) of streams, water quality of lakes, and ground-water levels and ground-water quality. Data from selected sites in Louisiana, Missouri, and Oklahoma also are included. This report contains daily discharge records for 104 surface-water gaging stations, 82 peak-discharge partial-record stations, 8 stage-only stations, water-quality data for 79 surface-water stations and 16 wells, and water levels for 47 observation wells. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrAR041","isbn":"Online only","usgsCitation":"Brossett, T., Schrader, T., and Evans, D., 2005, Water resources data, Arkansas, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AR-04-1, 475 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAR041.","productDescription":"475 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6317,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ar-04/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1688","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brossett, T.H.","contributorId":95554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brossett","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schrader, T.P.","contributorId":56300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, D.A.","contributorId":8551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176128,"text":"70176128 - 2005 - Threats, conservation strategies, and prognosis for suckers (Catostomidae) in North America: insights from regional case studies of a diverse family of non-game fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T14:20:59","indexId":"70176128","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Threats, conservation strategies, and prognosis for suckers (Catostomidae) in North America: insights from regional case studies of a diverse family of non-game fishes","docAbstract":"Catostomid fishes are a diverse family of 76+ freshwater species that are distributed across North America in many different habitats. This group of fish is facing a variety of impacts and conservation issues that are somewhat unique relative to more economically valuable and heavily managed fish species. Here, we present a brief series of case studies to highlight the threats such as migration barriers, flow regulation, environmental contamination, habitat degradation, exploitation and impacts from introduced (non-native) species that are facing catostomids in different regions. Collectively, the case studies reveal that individual species usually are not threatened by a single, isolated factor. Instead, species in general face numerous stressors that threaten multiple stages of their life history. Several factors have retarded sucker conservation including widespread inabilities of field workers to distinguish some species, lack of basic natural history and ecological knowledge of life history, and the misconception that suckers are tolerant of degraded conditions and are of little social or ecological value. Without a specific constituent group lobbying for conservation of non-game fishes, all such species, including members of the catostomid family, will continue to face serious risks because of neglect, ignorance, and misunderstanding. We suggest that conservation strategies should incorporate research and education/outreach components. Other conservation strategies that would be effective for protecting suckers include freshwater protected areas for critical habitat, restoration of degraded habitat, and design of catostomid-friendly fish bypass facilities. We believe that the plight of the catostomids is representative of the threats facing many other non-game freshwater fishes with diverse life-history strategies globally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2004.05.015","usgsCitation":"Cooke, S., Bunt, C.M., Hamilton, S., Jennings, C.A., Pearson, M.P., Cooperman, M.S., and Markle, D.F., 2005, Threats, conservation strategies, and prognosis for suckers (Catostomidae) in North America: insights from regional case studies of a diverse family of non-game fishes: Biological Conservation, v. 121, no. 3, p. 317-331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.05.015.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"331","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c55cc6e4b0f2f0cebcf342","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooke, Steven J.","contributorId":56132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[{"id":36574,"text":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunt, Christopher M.","contributorId":174107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunt","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pearson, Micheal P.","contributorId":174110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearson","given":"Micheal","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooperman, Michael S.","contributorId":174111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooperman","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Markle, Douglas F.","contributorId":14530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markle","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70184407,"text":"70184407 - 2005 - Arsenic, microbes and contaminated aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T13:14:22","indexId":"70184407","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5312,"text":"Trends in Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic, microbes and contaminated aquifers","docAbstract":"The health of tens of millions of people world-wide is at risk from drinking arsenic-contaminated well water. In most cases this arsenic occurs naturally within the sub-surface aquifers, rather than being derived from identifiable point sources of pollution. The mobilization of arsenic into the aqueous phase is the first crucial step in a process that eventually leads to human arsenicosis. Increasing evidence suggests that this is a microbiological phenomenon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2004.12.002","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., and Stolz, J.F., 2005, Arsenic, microbes and contaminated aquifers: Trends in Microbiology, v. 13, no. 2, p. 45-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2004.12.002.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"45","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12640e4b014cc3a3d34cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stolz, John F.","contributorId":179305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolz","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70217328,"text":"70217328 - 2005 - Structure and mechanics of the San Andreas–San Gregorio fault junction, San Francisco, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-15T21:02:57.911383","indexId":"70217328","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-29T14:55:24","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7143,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, and Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure and mechanics of the San Andreas–San Gregorio fault junction, San Francisco, California","docAbstract":"[1] The right‐lateral San Gregorio and San Andreas faults meet west of the Golden Gate near San Francisco. Coincident seismic reflection and refraction profiling across the San Gregorio and San Andreas faults south of their junction shows the crust between them to have formed shallow extensional basins that are dissected by parallel strike‐slip faults. We employ a regional finite element model to investigate the long‐term consequences of the fault geometry. Over the course of 2–3 m.y. of slip on the San Andreas‐San Gregorio fault system, elongated extensional basins are predicted to form between the two faults. An additional consequence of the fault geometry is that the San Andreas fault is expected to have migrated eastward relative to the San Gregorio fault. We thus propose a model of eastward stepping right‐lateral fault formation to explain the observed multiple fault strands and depositional basins. The current manifestation of this process might be the observed transfer of slip from the San Andreas fault east to the Golden Gate fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2004GC000838","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., Bruns, T.R., and Sliter, R.W., 2005, Structure and mechanics of the San Andreas–San Gregorio fault junction, San Francisco, California: Geochemistry, Geophysics, and Geosystems, v. 6, no. 1, Q01009, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000838.","productDescription":"Q01009, 7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gc000838","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas-San Gregorio fault junction","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5638198852539,\n 37.77017196507861\n ],\n [\n -122.48004913330077,\n 37.77017196507861\n ],\n [\n -122.48004913330077,\n 37.8271414168374\n ],\n [\n -122.5638198852539,\n 37.8271414168374\n ],\n [\n -122.5638198852539,\n 37.77017196507861\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Tom 0000-0002-0582-4338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":22056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruns, Terry R.","contributorId":29420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruns","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69955,"text":"ds113 - 2005 - Summary of suspended-sediment concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, Water Year 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:31:37","indexId":"ds113","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"113","title":"Summary of suspended-sediment concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, Water Year 2003","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment concentration data were collected in San Francisco Bay during water year 2003 (October 1, 2002-September 30, 2003). Optical sensors and water samples were used to monitor suspended-sediment concentration at two sites in Suisun Bay, three sites in San Pablo Bay, one site in Central San Francisco Bay, and three sites in South San Francisco Bay. Sensors were positioned at two depths at most sites. Water samples were collected periodically and analyzed for concentrations of suspended sediment. The results of the analyses were used to calibrate the output of the optical sensors so that a record of suspended-sediment concentrations could be derived. This report presents the data-collection methods used and summarizes the suspended-sediment concentration data collected from October 2002 through September 2003. Calibration curves and plots of edited data for each sensor also are presented.
","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds113","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, P.A., and Ganju, N., 2005, Summary of suspended-sediment concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, Water Year 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 113, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds113.","productDescription":"52 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438872,"rank":101,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SBFZJU","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Distribution of a freshwater mussel assemblage in Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma"},{"id":191293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6307,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ds113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db6989af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan, Paul A. 0000-0002-4796-4734 buchanan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-4734","contributorId":1018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Paul","email":"buchanan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":93543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69937,"text":"ofr20051031 - 2005 - Determination of a diagnostic signature for World Trade Center dust using scanning electron microscopy point counting techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:53","indexId":"ofr20051031","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1031","title":"Determination of a diagnostic signature for World Trade Center dust using scanning electron microscopy point counting techniques","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051031","usgsCitation":"Meeker, G.P., Bern, A.M., Lowers, H., and Brownfield, I.K., 2005, Determination of a diagnostic signature for World Trade Center dust using scanning electron microscopy point counting techniques (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1031, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051031.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6296,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6678f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bern, Amy M.","contributorId":67625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowers, Heather 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":281567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brownfield, Isabelle K.","contributorId":97108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Isabelle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":69925,"text":"sir20045242 - 2005 - Summary of sediment data from the Yampa river and upper Green river basins, Colorado and Utah, 1993-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-19T19:17:11.507526","indexId":"sir20045242","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5242","title":"Summary of sediment data from the Yampa river and upper Green river basins, Colorado and Utah, 1993-2002","docAbstract":"The water resources of the Upper Colorado River Basin have been extensively developed for water supply, irrigation, and power generation through water storage in upstream reservoirs during spring runoff and subsequent releases during the remainder of the year. The net effect of water-resource development has been to substantially modify the predevelopment annual hydrograph as well as the timing and amount of sediment delivery from the upper Green River and the Yampa River Basins tributaries to the main-stem reaches where endangered native fish populations have been observed. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Division of Wildlife and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, began a study to identify sediment source reaches in the Green River main stem and the lower Yampa and Little Snake Rivers and to identify sediment-transport relations that would be useful in assessing the potential effects of hydrograph modification by reservoir operation on sedimentation at identified razorback spawning bars in the Green River. The need for additional data collection is evaluated at each sampling site. \r\n\r\nSediment loads were calculated at five key areas within the watershed by using instantaneous measurements of streamflow, suspended-sediment concentration, and bedload. Sediment loads were computed at each site for two modes of transport (suspended load and bedload), as well as for the total-sediment load (suspended load plus bedload) where both modes were sampled. Sediment loads also were calculated for sediment particle-size range (silt-and-clay, and sand-and-gravel sizes) if laboratory size analysis had been performed on the sample, and by hydrograph season. Sediment-transport curves were developed for each type of sediment load by a least-squares regression of logarithmic-transformed data.\r\n\r\nTransport equations for suspended load and total load had coefficients of determination of at least 0.72 at all of the sampling sites except Little Snake River near Lily, Colorado. Bedload transport equations at the five sites had coefficients of determination that ranged from 0.40 (Yampa River at Deerlodge Park, Colorado) to 0.80 (Yampa River above Little Snake River near Maybell, Colorado). Transport equations for silt and clay-size material had coefficients of determination that ranged from 0.46 to 0.82.\r\n\r\nWhere particle-size data were available (Yampa River at Deerlodge Park, Colorado, and Green River near Jensen, Utah), transport equations for the smaller particle sizes (fine sand) tended to have higher coefficients of determination than the equations for coarser sizes (medium and coarse sand, and very coarse sand and gravel). Because the data had to be subdivided into at least two subsets (rising-limb, falling-limb and, occasionally, base-flow periods), the seasonal transport equations generally were based on relatively few samples. All transport equations probably could be improved by additional data collected at strategically timed periods.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045242","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., and Anders, S.P., 2005, Summary of sediment data from the Yampa river and upper Green river basins, Colorado and Utah, 1993-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5242, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045242.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6276,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":188787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6987a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, John G. jelliott@usgs.gov","contributorId":832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"John","email":"jelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anders, Steven P.","contributorId":47466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69929,"text":"sir20045126 - 2005 - Development of a local meteoric water line for southeastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and south-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:35","indexId":"sir20045126","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5126","title":"Development of a local meteoric water line for southeastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and south-central Montana","docAbstract":"Linear-regression analysis was applied to stable hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) isotope data in 72 snow-core and precipitation samples collected during 1999-2001 to determine the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) for southeastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and south-central Montana. \r\n\r\nOn the basis of (1) residuals from the regression model, (2) comparison of study-area deuterium-excess (d-excess) values with the global range of d-excess values, and (3) outlier analysis by means of Chauvenet's Criterion, values of four samples were excluded from final regression analysis of the dataset. Regression results for the 68 remaining samples yielded a LMWL defined by the equation ?H = 7.95 18O + 8.09 (r? = 0.98). \r\n\r\nThis equation will be useful as a reference point for future studies in this area that use stable isotopes of H and O to determine sources of ground-water recharge, to determine water-mineral exchange, to evaluate surface-water and groundwater interaction, and to analyze many other geochemical and hydrologic problems.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045126","usgsCitation":"Benjamin, L., Knobel, L.L., Hall, L.F., Cecil, L.D., and Green, J.R., 2005, Development of a local meteoric water line for southeastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and south-central Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5126, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045126.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6280,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benjamin, Lyn","contributorId":89977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjamin","given":"Lyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knobel, LeRoy L.","contributorId":76285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knobel","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, L. Flint","contributorId":53464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Flint","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cecil, L. DeWayne","contributorId":72828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"DeWayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Green, Jaromy R.","contributorId":57498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Jaromy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":69924,"text":"sir20055002 - 2005 - Monitoring the natural attenuation of petroleum in ground water at the former naval complex, Operable Unit A, Adak Island, Alaska, May and June 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:35","indexId":"sir20055002","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5002","title":"Monitoring the natural attenuation of petroleum in ground water at the former naval complex, Operable Unit A, Adak Island, Alaska, May and June 2003","docAbstract":"During May and June 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey installed monitoring wells and collected data to characterize the effectiveness of natural attenuation processes for remediating petroleum-contaminated ground water at Operable Unit A of the former Naval complex on Adak Island, Alaska. In addition, the evidence for petroleum biodegradation in ground water was evaluated at selected petroleum sites, plans for future natural attenuation monitoring were suggested for the selected petroleum sites, and the natural attenuation monitoring strategy for the Downtown area of Adak Island was reviewed and refinements were suggested.\r\n\r\nU.S. Geological Survey personnel measured water levels and collected ground-water samples from about 100 temporary boreholes and 50 monitoring wells. Most samples were analyzed on-site for concentrations of selected petroleum compounds and natural attenuation parameters such as dissolved oxygen, ferrous iron, and carbon dioxide. The U.S. Geological Survey evaluated the data on-site, selected new monitoring well locations, and installed, developed, and sampled 10 monitoring wells. \r\n\r\nThe review and suggestions for the natural attenuation monitoring strategy focused on how to better achieve monitoring objectives specified in the Record of Decision for Adak Island petroleum sites. To achieve the monitoring objective of verifying that natural attenuation is occurring, the monitoring plans for each monitored natural attenuation site need to include sampling of at least one strategically placed well at the downgradient margin of the contaminant plume margin, preferably where contaminant concentrations are detectable but less than the cleanup level. Collection of natural attenuation parameter data and sampling background wells is no longer needed to achieve the monitoring objective of demonstrating the occurrence of natural attenuation. To achieve the objective of monitoring locations where chemical concentrations exceed specified cleanup levels, at least one natural attenuation well within or immediately downgradient from the contaminant source area at each site needs to be monitored. \r\n\r\nAchieving the Record of Decision-specified final monitoring objective of estimating the rate of natural attenuation to demonstrate achievement of cleanup levels within 75 years will be problematic. Demonstrating (predicting) achievement of cleanup levels within any timeframe in a technically defensible manner will be difficult to achieve using any type of short-term monitoring and evaluation, and will be particularly difficult to achieve through monitoring and evaluation of dissolved-phase petroleum only.\r\n\r\nOverall, natural attenuation processes appear to have greatly limited the extent of ground-water contamination at most sites investigated and have limited the risk that petroleum contaminants pose to downgradient receptors. Clarification or refinement of the monitoring objective to demonstrate cleanup within 75 years would be a reasonable prelude to developing a monitoring and data evaluation strategy to meet the objective.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055002","usgsCitation":"Dinicola, R., Simonds, F., and Defawe, R., 2005, Monitoring the natural attenuation of petroleum in ground water at the former naval complex, Operable Unit A, Adak Island, Alaska, May and June 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5002, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055002.","productDescription":"66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6275,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinicola, R.S.","contributorId":64290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinicola","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simonds, F. W.","contributorId":54616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonds","given":"F. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Defawe, Rose","contributorId":40473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Defawe","given":"Rose","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207827,"text":"70207827 - 2005 - Direct measurement of methane hydrate composition along the hydrate equilibrium boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-07T14:54:23.901565","indexId":"70207827","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-14T16:31:47","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2425,"text":"Journal of Physical Chemistry B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct measurement of methane hydrate composition along the hydrate equilibrium boundary","docAbstract":"The composition of methane hydrate, namely nw for CH4·nwH2O, was directly measured along the hydrate equilibrium boundary under conditions of excess methane gas. Pressure and temperature conditions ranged from 1.9 to 9.7 MPa and 263 to 285 K. Within experimental error, there is no change in hydrate composition with increasing pressure along the equilibrium boundary, but nw may show a slight systematic decrease away from this boundary. A hydrate stoichiometry of nw = 5.81−6.10 H2O describes the entire range of measured values, with an average composition of CH4·5.99(±0.07)H2O along the equilibrium boundary. These results, consistent with previously measured values, are discussed with respect to the widely ranging values obtained by thermodynamic analysis. The relatively constant composition of methane hydrate over the geologically relevant pressure and temperature range investigated suggests that in situ methane hydrate compositions may be estimated with some confidence.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/jp0504874","usgsCitation":"Circone, S., Kirby, S.H., and Stern, L.A., 2005, Direct measurement of methane hydrate composition along the hydrate equilibrium boundary: Journal of Physical Chemistry B, v. 109, no. 19, p. 9468-9475, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0504874.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"9468","endPage":"9475","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Circone, S.","contributorId":35901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Circone","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, Stephen H. 0000-0003-1636-4688 skirby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-4688","contributorId":2752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","email":"skirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stern, Laura A. 0000-0003-3440-5674 lstern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-5674","contributorId":1197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"Laura","email":"lstern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69916,"text":"fs20053003 - 2005 - Historical trend in ice thickness on the Piscataquis river, near Dover-Foxcroft, central Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:34","indexId":"fs20053003","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3003","title":"Historical trend in ice thickness on the Piscataquis river, near Dover-Foxcroft, central Maine","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053003","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., Hodgkins, G.A., and Dudley, R.W., 2005, Historical trend in ice thickness on the Piscataquis river, near Dover-Foxcroft, central Maine (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3003, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053003.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6269,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2005-3003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3003.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c0e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69913,"text":"fs20053001 - 2005 - Trends in streamflow, river ice, and snowpack for coastal river basins in Maine during the 20th century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:34","indexId":"fs20053001","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3001","title":"Trends in streamflow, river ice, and snowpack for coastal river basins in Maine during the 20th century","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053001","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., and Hodgkins, G.A., 2005, Trends in streamflow, river ice, and snowpack for coastal river basins in Maine during the 20th century: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3001, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053001.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6266,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2005-3001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3001.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db6261de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69914,"text":"fs20053002 - 2005 - Historical changes in lake ice-out dates as indicators of climate change in New England, 1850-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:34","indexId":"fs20053002","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3002","title":"Historical changes in lake ice-out dates as indicators of climate change in New England, 1850-2000","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053002","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G.A., James, I.C., and Huntington, T.G., 2005, Historical changes in lake ice-out dates as indicators of climate change in New England, 1850-2000 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3002, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053002.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6267,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2005-3002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3002.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62eb4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, Ivan C. II","contributorId":104158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Ivan","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242740,"text":"pp1688I - 2005 - High-resolution seismic-reflection image of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70242740,"text":"pp1688I - 2005 - High-resolution seismic-reflection image of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia","indexId":"pp1688I","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"High-resolution seismic-reflection image of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":69857,"text":"pp1688 - 2005 - Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys","indexId":"pp1688","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":69857,"text":"pp1688 - 2005 - Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys","indexId":"pp1688","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-14T16:14:13.83648","indexId":"pp1688I","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-11T11:02:47","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1688","chapter":"I","title":"High-resolution seismic-reflection image of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia","docAbstract":"A 1-kilometer-long (0.62-mile-long) seismic reflection and refraction profile collected at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va., provides a detailed image of part of the annular trough of the buried, 35-million-year-old Chesapeake Bay impact structure. This profile passes within 5 meters (m; 16.4 feet (ft)) of a 635.1-m-deep (2,083.8-ft-deep), continuously cored and geophysically logged test hole at the Langley Center (the USGS-NASA Langley corehole). High-resolution seismic reflection images (having a common-depth-point spacing of 2.5 m (8.2 ft)) of the upper 1,000 m (3,281 ft) along the seismic profile were generated by using refraction velocities and corehole sonic velocities to convert from time sections to depth sections.
Time-distance, unmigrated depth-distance, and migrated depth-distance images show lateral variations in the geologic units observed in the USGS-NASA Langley corehole. A high-amplitude reflection at 630 to 625 m (2,067 to 2,051 ft) depth on the migrated depth image correlates with the top of weathered granite (the Langley Granite) at 626.3 m (2,054.7 ft) in the Langley core. Additional high-amplitude reflections below that depth likely represent a weathering profile developed in the upper part of the granite. Diffractions on the unmigrated images suggest that the granite contains numerous inhomogeneities that may consist of mineral veins and mineralized faults and fractures, as seen in the granite cores.
Above the granite, crater unit A (minimally to moderately disturbed sands and clays of the Cretaceous Potomac Formation) is characterized by semicontinuous, horizontal and moderately inclined reflections that are broken by pervasive, subvertical, small-offset faults. Sediments of the lower beds of crater unit A below 558.1 m (1,831.0 ft) in the core have horizontal bedding and are nearly pristine. Above that depth, the upper beds of crater unit A contain thick fluidized sand intervals and fractured clay-silt beds. The contact between the granite and crater unit A is essentially horizontal on the migrated depth profile and shows minor relief produced by a few steeply dipping faults.
Above crater unit A, the lower beds of crater unit B are lithologically similar to the upper beds of crater unit A and display similar impact-generated deformation. In the migrated depth image, crater unit A and the lower beds of crater unit B are combined into one unit. A thin zone (0.3 m (1.0 ft) thick) of injected glauconitic sediment at the base of the lower beds (at 442.5 m (1,451.7 ft) depth) is the only occurrence of exotic material in the lower beds of crater unit B in the core.
The upper beds of crater unit B (above 427.7 m (1,403.3 ft) depth) are represented by discontinuous, locally weak, isolated, or inclined reflections on the migrated depth image. In the core, the upper beds of crater unit B are divided into megablocks and megablock zones that consist of fragmented sediments of the Potomac Formation. The megablocks are separated by matrix zones that consist of smaller blocks of sediments of the Potomac Formation suspended in a matrix of native disaggregated sediments of the Potomac Formation and injected, exotic disaggregated, glauconitic Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary marine sediments. Angular relationships and offsets of reflections across the high-relief contact between the upper beds of crater unit B and the underlying combined crater unit A and the lower beds of crater unit B suggest that the contact is a dip-slip fault locally.
Above a contact with crater unit B at a depth of 269.4 m (884.0 ft), the Exmore beds are represented by strong, continuous and discontinuous, overstepping reflections that suggest division of the Exmore into four laterally discontinuous depositional subunits. Two of these subunits are present near the Langley corehole on the seismic images and are recognized in the core (Gohn and others, this volume, chap. C). In the Langley core, the Exmore beds consist of clasts of Cretaceous and Tertiary preimpact sediments and cataclastic, shocked, pre-Mesozoic igneous rocks suspended in a matrix of calcareous, muddy, quartz-glauconite sand and granules that contains shocked quartz.
The dipping, truncated, and disrupted reflections within crater units A and B are interpreted to represent a 550-m-wide (1,805-ft-wide), stratabound collapse structure. This structure does not affect the underlying basement granite or the lower beds of crater unit A, nor does it affect the base of the Exmore beds above crater unit B. The collapse structure is not bounded laterally by major normal faults. Instead, structural displace ments appear to be distributed among abundant short, smalloffset faults and intervals of fluidized sediment. Fluidized sands above 558 m (1,831 ft) depth in crater unit A are interpreted as a low-strength zone that accommodated the widespread, latestage, gravitational collapse of the impact structure. The pro posed Langley collapse structure may be analogous to stratabound grabens in the outer zone of the Silverpit crater (North Sea).
The Exmore beds are interpreted as impact-generated, ocean-resurge deposits. The upper contact of the Exmore section is a wavy, semicontinuous reflection that may represent large bedforms produced by resurge currents or returning impact-generated tsunamis, or it may represent the unmodified blocky or hummocky top of the final Exmore debris flow. Typically continuous, nearly horizontal reflections characterize the upper Eocene to Pleistocene postimpact section of dominantly marine sediments.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys (Professional Paper 1688)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1688I","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Powars, D.S., Gohn, G., and Goldman, M.R., 2005, High-resolution seismic-reflection image of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1688, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1688I.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415788,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2005/1688/ak/PP1688_chapI-508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay impact structure","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 36.35\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 36.35\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory 0000-0003-2000-479X ggohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-479X","contributorId":219822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory","email":"ggohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldman, Mark R. 0000-0002-0802-829X goldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":1521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","email":"goldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70242738,"text":"pp1688H - 2005 - Paleontology of the upper Eocene to quaternary postimpact section in the USGS-NASA Langley core, Hampton, Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70242738,"text":"pp1688H - 2005 - Paleontology of the upper Eocene to quaternary postimpact section in the USGS-NASA Langley core, Hampton, Virginia","indexId":"pp1688H","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Paleontology of the upper Eocene to quaternary postimpact section in the USGS-NASA Langley core, Hampton, Virginia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":69857,"text":"pp1688 - 2005 - Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys","indexId":"pp1688","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":69857,"text":"pp1688 - 2005 - Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys","indexId":"pp1688","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-14T16:00:49.946324","indexId":"pp1688H","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-11T10:43:56","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1688","chapter":"H","title":"Paleontology of the upper Eocene to quaternary postimpact section in the USGS-NASA Langley core, Hampton, Virginia","docAbstract":"The USGS-NASA Langley corehole was drilled in 2000 in Hampton, Va. The core serves as a benchmark for the study of calcareous nannofossils, dinoflagellates, diatoms and silico flagellates, mollusks, ostracodes, planktonic foraminifera and bolboformids, and vertebrate remains in the upper Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene sediments in southeastern Virginia. These sediments were deposited after the comet or asteroid impact that produced the Chesapeake Bay impact structure.
The Chickahominy Formation was deposited rapidly in outer neritic to upper bathyal marine environments during the last 2 million years of the late Eocene. The Drummonds Corner beds are newly recognized in the Langley core. These beds appear to represent shallower water or more nearshore deposition than the underlying Chickahominy deposits. Paleontology indicates an age in the later part of the early Oligocene, with a sharp floral and faunal break between the Drummonds Corner beds and the underlying Chickahominy Formation. Late Oligocene sedimentation is represented by the Old Church Formation.
The record of early and middle Miocene deposition in the Langley core is incomplete. The Calvert Formation records brief episodes of deposition in three members, which are separated by unconformities and are called the informal Newport News beds, the Plum Point Member, and the Calvert Beach Member.
A second episode of rapid deposition at the Langley site is preserved as the upper Miocene St. Marys and Eastover Formations. The Eastover is overlain unconformably by the Yorktown Formation, which is both late early and early late Pliocene. The highest unit, the Tabb Formation (Pleistocene), was not studied paleontologically.
Continued movement along faults and fractures of the crater and nearby region may have enhanced the contributions of older material into the various units filling the Chesapeake Bay impact crater, as suggested by the conspicuous reworking of microfossils in many of the samples from the upper Eocene and younger units in the USGS-NASA Langley core.
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Sensitivity tests were performed to examine the response of the model to specific parameters and coefficients, including the light-extinction coefficient, wind speed, tributary inflows of phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter, sediment oxygen demand, algal growth rates, and zooplankton feeding preference factors.
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