The water need at Bryce Canyon National Park in 1957 was about 1.3 million cubic feet for a tourist season that lasted from the middle of May to the middle of October. To evaluate the adequacy of water-supply sources, a hypothetical future need of 5 million cubic feet of water per season is used. This amount of water might be obtained from the East Fork of the Sevier River, from wells in the alluvium of the East Fork, from Yellow Creek Spring and nearby springs, which are below the canyon rim, or from a well drilled about 2,000 feet to the top of the Tropic shale. Although the present source of water, consisting of wells in the alluvium of East Creek valley, may be an important supplemental source in the future, it will not yield sufficient water in dry years to meet the total demand for water at the park.
The yield of Yellow Creek Spring and nearby springs is estimated at a total of 7.8 million cubic feet of water per season. The springs provide water of satisfactory chemical quality, and are a reliable source even in times of drought. A serious disadvantage of using this source of water is the difficulty of constructing a pipeline over extremely rugged terrain from the source to the lodge and headquarters area.
A well drilled to the top of the Tropic shale of Cretaceous age in the lodge and headquarters area might penetrate two or more aquifers, one at the base of the Wasatch formation of Eocene age and one or more in the Wahweap and Straight Cliffs sandstones of Cretaceous age. The yield of this well would depend to a large degree on the number of fractures encountered. To assure the most favorable conditions for intercepting fracture zones in the bedrock, a test-well site is proposed near the crest of a gentle anticline where tension fractures in the rocks should be common.
Shallow wells in the alluvium of East Creek valley cannot be depended upon to yield sufficient water in times of drought, but they are nevertheless an important source. The water-storage capacity of the alluvium of East Creek valley in the vicinity of the wells of the Utah Parks Co. is estimated at 1.4 million cubic feet. By lowering the water table in the valley uniformly without creating excessively large cones of depression, the alluvium could supply the 1.3 million cubic feet of water per season estimated as the water need in 1957. However, in times of drought this alluvium cannot supply the hypothetical future needs of 5 million cubic feet of water per season.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology of the Public Domain (Water Supply Paper 1475)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1475M","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Marine, I.W., 1963, Ground-water resources of the Bryce Canyon National Park area, Utah, with a section on the drilling of a test well: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1475, Report: iv, 46 p.; 3 Plates: 16.20 x 24.41 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1475M.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 46 p.; 3 Plates: 16.20 x 24.41 inches or smaller","startPage":"441","endPage":"486","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430318,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24416.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":27877,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1475m/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 25","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"A, Map of East Creek Valley showing area underlain by alluvium; B, North-South section of East Creek Valley showing inferred maximum depth to bedrock and the position of the water table in May 1957"},{"id":27876,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1475m/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 24","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of Bryce Canyon National Park area, Utah, showing physiographic features and the location of springs and wells"},{"id":138341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1475m/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27879,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1475m/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27878,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1475m/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 26","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Logs of the test well at Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bryce Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.47262325325637,\n 37.73847091078626\n ],\n [\n -112.47262325325637,\n 37.27074325321638\n ],\n [\n -112.06792128542472,\n 37.27074325321638\n ],\n [\n -112.06792128542472,\n 37.73847091078626\n ],\n [\n -112.47262325325637,\n 37.73847091078626\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dde6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marine, I. Wendell","contributorId":49339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marine","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wendell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":971,"text":"wsp1646 - 1963 - Ground-water geology of Grayson County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T11:15:53","indexId":"wsp1646","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1646","title":"Ground-water geology of Grayson County, Texas","docAbstract":"Grayson County in north-central Texas is near the north edge of the West Gulf Coastal Plain. The county has an area of 927 square miles and had an estimated population of 79,500 in 1957. The major town is Sherman, which has an estimated population of 31,000. The northern two-thirds of the county is drained by tributaries of the Red River; the southern one-third is drained by tributaries of the Trinity River
\nSedimentary rocks exposed at the surface in Grayson County are of Cretaceous and Quaternary age. Sand, clay, marl, and limestone of Cretaceous age, having a maximum thickness of about 3,600 feet, underlie the county; the beds dip regionally to the southeast. Quaternary alluvium mantles part of the surface along the Red River and occurs in scattered patches elsewhere in the county.
\nThe Trinity group and Woodbine formation of Cretaceous age are the principal water-bearing formations. Other stratigraphic units that yield water to wells are, in order of importance, the Quaternary alluvium and the Pawpaw formation, Eagle Ford shale, and Austin chalk of Cretaceous age.
\nGround water in Grayson County generally moves eastward and southward from areas of recharge to areas of discharge. Average rates of water movement in the Trinity group and Woodbine formation are estimated to be about 1.5 and 15 feet per year, respectively. The chief source of recharge to these aquifers is precipitation on the outcrop, although Lake Texoma contributed some recharge to the Trinity where it crops out in the lake. Ground water discharges naturally by evapotranspiration, by vertical leakage, through springs, artificially through wells, and by underflow out of the county to the southeast.
\nThe withdrawal of ground water in Grayson County in 1957 was about 5 mgd. Of this amount, about 61 percent came from the Woodbine formation, about 36 percent from the Trinity group, and about 3 percent from the other water-bearing formations. About 65 percent of the ground water pumped in Grayson County is withdrawn in the Sherman area.
\nIncreased withdrawal of water since World War II has resulted in a rapid decline of the water levels in parts of Grayson County. The maximum decline in the Trinity group at Sherman from 1945 to 1958 was 113 feet, or about 8 feet per year. During the same period, water levels in the Woodbine formation at Sherman declined as much as 156 feet, an average of 12 feet per year. Total declines since the early part of the 20th century were at least 180 feet in the Trinity group and about 240 feet in the Woodbine formation. Water levels in the area of outcrop of the principal aquifers, fluctuating chiefly in response to rainfall or changes in the natural rate of recharge, showed no appreciable decline from 1957 to 1959.
\nCoefficients of transmissibility, determined from pumping tests in Grayson County, averaged 2,800 gpd per ft for the Trinity group and 3,200 gpd per ft for the Woodbine formation.
\nKesults of chemical analyses of water samples indicate that the ground water in Grayson County is suitable for most purposes. The Trinity group generally yields soft water that has a high sodium bicarbonate content and is of questionable quality for irrigation. The water from the Woodbine formation ranges more widely in chemical composition than the water from the Trinity. It generally is soft but has a high iron content; it is usually suitable for irrigation in the outcrop area but unsuitable in the downdip area. Water from the other water-bearing formation, though generally hard, is suitable for most purposes, judging from the few analyses available.
\nThe ground-water resources of Grayson County have been only partly developed. The volume of fresh water in transient storage in the Trinity group and Woodbine formation is estimated to be about 60 and 25 million acre-feet, respectively. Most of this water is not practicably recoverable because of the depth at which it occurs, but relatively high artesian heads and large available drawdowns in much of the county are favorable to future development within economic limits of pumping lift. In the Sherman area, however, concentrated pumping has caused large declines in the water levels, resulting in some dewatering of the Woodbine. Because of the large margin of 'safety before dewatering of the Trinity group begins, the Trinity is the most favorable source of additional ground water for Sherman. However, the higher lifting costs should be considered.
\nLarge to moderate amounts of additional ground water can be obtained from the Trinity group and Woodbine formation in most presently undeveloped areas in the county. Water suitable for irrigation is available in moderate to large amounts from the Woodbine formation in places on its outcrop. A limiting factor to any large ground-water development, however, is the extent and thickness of saturated fresh-water sand available in the area. The thickness of saturated fresh-water sand in the Trinity decreases northward; the thickness of the sand in the Woodbine is more erratic and has little definite pattern.
\nModerate to large supplies of water may be available from the alluvium near the Red River, but more information is needed before definite conclusions can be reached.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1646","isbn":"pbk","usgsCitation":"Baker, E., 1963, Ground-water geology of Grayson County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1646, Report: v, 61 p.; 6 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1646.","productDescription":"Report: v, 61 p.; 6 Plates","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":25516,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1646/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25517,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1646/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1646/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25511,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1646/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109998,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24841.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24841"},{"id":25512,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1646/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25513,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1646/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25514,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1646/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25515,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1646/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668e7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, E.T.","contributorId":11584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2811,"text":"wsp1688 - 1963 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States, part 13. Snake River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T19:56:56.655301","indexId":"wsp1688","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1688","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States, part 13. Snake River basin","docAbstract":"The magnitude of a flood of any selected frequency up to 50 years for any site on any stream in the Snake River basin can be determined by methods outlined in this report, with some limitations. The methods are not applicable for regulated streams, for drainage basins smaller than 10 or larger than 5,000 square miles, for streams fed by large springs, or for streams that have flow characteristics materially different from the regional pattern. The magnitude of a flood for a selected frequency at a given site is determined by using the appropriate composite frequency curve and the mean annual flood for the given site. The mean annual flood is computed from either a formula or a nomograph in which drainage area, mean annual precipitation, and a geographic factor are used as independent variables. The standard error of estimate for the computation of mean annual floods is plus 17 percent and minus 15 percent.
Nine flood-frequency regions (A-I) are defined. In all except regions B and I, frequency relations vary with the mean altitude of the basin as well as with the geographic location; therefore, families of curves are required for 7 of the 9 flood-frequency regions.
The report includes a brief description of the physiography and climate of the Snake River basin to explain the reason for the large variation in mean annual floods, which range from zero to about 27 cubic feet per second per square mile.
Composite frequency curves and formulas for computing mean annual floods are based on all suitable flood data collected in the Snake River basin. Tables show the data used to derive the formula. Following the analysis of data are station descriptions and lists of peak stages and discharges for 295 gaging stations at which 5 or more years of annual flood records were collected pr'or to Sept. 30, 1957. Many flood peak data are not usable in defining the frequency curves and deriving the formula because of large diversions and regulation upstream from the gaging stations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1688","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C., Broom, H.C., and Cummans, J., 1963, Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States, part 13. Snake River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1688, Report: xi, 250 p.; 5 Plates: 31.50 x 31.36 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1688.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 250 p.; 5 Plates: 31.50 x 31.36 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"266","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395475,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24897.htm"},{"id":29339,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1688/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29338,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1688/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of Snake River basin showing geographic factors"},{"id":29337,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1688/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of Snake River basin showing flood regions"},{"id":29336,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1688/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of Snake River basin showing location of gaging stations with 5 or more years of annual flood record"},{"id":29335,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1688/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Precipitation index map of the Snake River basin"},{"id":29334,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1688/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of physiographic regions of Snake River basin"},{"id":138808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1688/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119,\n 41.167\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 41.167\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 47.333\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 47.333\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 41.167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649611","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, C.A.","contributorId":14385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Broom, H. C.","contributorId":93024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broom","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cummans, J. E.","contributorId":24767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummans","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":184,"text":"wsp1643 - 1963 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1959, Parts 5 & 6, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins and Missouri River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp1643","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1643","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1959, Parts 5 & 6, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins and Missouri River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1643","usgsCitation":"Love, S.K., 1963, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1959, Parts 5 & 6, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins and Missouri River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1643, viii, 247 p. :map ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1643.","productDescription":"viii, 247 p. :map ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1643/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24795,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1643/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651bf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, S. K.","contributorId":27419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":959,"text":"wsp1588 - 1963 - Ground-water geology of Bexar County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:56:34","indexId":"wsp1588","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1588","title":"Ground-water geology of Bexar County, Texas","docAbstract":"The investigation in Bexar County was part of a comprehensive study of a large area in south-central Texas underlain by the Edwards and associated limestones (Comanche Peak and Georgetown) of Cretaceous age. The limestones form an aquifer which supplies water to the city of San Antonio, several military installations, many industrial plants, and many irrigated farms.
\nThe geologic formations that yield water to wells in Bexar County are sedimentary rocks of Mesozoic and Cenozoic age. The rocks strike northeastward and dip southeastward toward the Gulf of Mexico. In the northern part of the county, in an erosional remnant of the Edwards Plateau, the rocks are nearly flat and free from faulting. In the central and southern parts of the county, however, the rocks dip gulfward at gentle to moderately steep angles and are extensively faulted in the Balcones and Mexia fault zones. Individual faults or shatter zones were traced as much as 25 miles; the maximum displacement is at least 600 feet. In general, the formations are either monoclinal or slightly folded; in the western part of the county the broad Culebra anticline plunges southwestward.
\nMost of the large-capacity wells in Bexar County draw water from the Edwards and associated limestones, but a few draw from the Glen Rose limestone, the Austin chalk, and surficial sand and gravel. The Hosston formation, Glen Rose limestone, Buda limestone, and Austin chalk, all of Cretaceous age, generally yield small to large supplies of water; the Wilcox group and Carrizo sand of Tertiary age yield moderate supplies and alluvium of Pleistocene and Recent age generally yield small supplies.
\nThe Edwards and associated limestones are recharged primarily by groundwater underflow into Bexar County from the west, and secondarily by seepage from streams that cross the outcrop of the aquifer in Bexar County. During the period 1934-47 the recharge to the aquifer in Bexar County is estimated to have averaged between 400,000 and 430,000 acre-feet per year.
\nDischarge from the aquifer takes place by means of wells and springs and by underflow into Comal and Guadalupe Counties on the northeast. During the period 1934-47 the estimated average discharge from wells and springs was about 174,000 acre-feet per year. The discharge by underflow out of the county during the same period is estimated to have averaged between 220,000 and 260,000 acre-feet per year. Probably only a small amount of water moves downdip southeast of San Antonio. The presence of highly mineralized water in that area suggests that the circulation of water is poor because of the low permeability of the aquifer.
\nDuring the period 1934-56 the discharge from the Edwards and associated limestones greatly exceeded the recharge; consequently, water levels in wells declined. The decline was greatest in the northwestern part of the county, where the water levels in wells dropped as much as 100 feet. The decline was progressively less toward the east, averaging 40 feet along the Bexar-Comal County line. The area of the greatest concentration of discharge, which includes San Antonio and extends to the southwest and northeast, coincides with the area of maximum faulting and maximum recorded yields from wells and is not the area of greatest decline. The ability of the Edwards and associated limestones to transmit and store water in the San Antonio area apparently is so great that the discharge from wells results in much smaller declines of water level than do similar or even smaller discharges in other areas.
\nThe water from the Edwards is almost uniformly a calcium bicarbonate water of good quality, although hard. In the southern part of the San Antonio area the water is charged with hydrogen sulfide; farther downdip it becomes highly mineralized.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1588","usgsCitation":"Arnow, T., 1963, Ground-water geology of Bexar County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1588, Report: v, 36 p.; 12 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1588.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; 12 Plates","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":25489,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1588/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25490,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1588/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25491,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1588/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25492,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1588/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25493,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1588/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25494,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1588/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109993,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24774.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24774"},{"id":137509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1588/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25482,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1588/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25483,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1588/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25484,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1588/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25485,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1588/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25486,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1588/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25487,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1588/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25488,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1588/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668dc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnow, Ted","contributorId":84733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnow","given":"Ted","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2357,"text":"wsp1539Q - 1963 - Reconnaissance of the hydrology of the Little Lost River basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp1539Q","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1539","chapter":"Q","title":"Reconnaissance of the hydrology of the Little Lost River basin, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1539Q","usgsCitation":"Mundorff, M.J., Broom, H.C., and Kilburn, C., 1963, Reconnaissance of the hydrology of the Little Lost River basin, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1539, iv, 51 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1539Q.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109984,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24739.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24739"},{"id":137785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539q/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28292,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539q/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28293,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539q/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28294,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539q/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28295,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539q/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636c6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mundorff, Maurice John","contributorId":41404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundorff","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Broom, H. C.","contributorId":93024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broom","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilburn, Chabot","contributorId":83499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"Chabot","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1894,"text":"wsp1650A - 1963 - Floods of December 1955–January 1956 in the far Western States; part 1. Description","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T19:29:48.182996","indexId":"wsp1650A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1650","chapter":"A","title":"Floods of December 1955–January 1956 in the far Western States; part 1. Description","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Floods of December 1955 - January 1956 in the far western states","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1650A","usgsCitation":"Hofmann, W., and Rantz, S., 1963, Floods of December 1955–January 1956 in the far Western States; part 1. Description: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1650, Report: ix, 156 p.; 1 Plate: 17.00 × 27.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1650A.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 156 p.; 1 Plate: 17.00 × 27.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1650a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27184,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1650a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27183,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1650a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109999,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24843.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24843"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.564,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 46.275\n ],\n [\n -124.564,\n 46.275\n ],\n [\n -124.564,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfe88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofmann, Walter","contributorId":30604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rantz, S. E.","contributorId":34106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rantz","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1996,"text":"wsp1669A - 1963 - Geology and ground-water conditions in the southern part of the Camp Ripley Military Reservation, Morrison County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T21:40:35.247717","indexId":"wsp1669A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"A","title":"Geology and ground-water conditions in the southern part of the Camp Ripley Military Reservation, Morrison County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"The southern part of the Camp Ripley Military Reservation, in central Minnesota, includes an area of about 20 square miles. This investigation was conducted to assist the U.S. National Guard Bureau in locating adequate water supplies for expansion and standby needs.
\nBedrock in the area consists of Precambrian phyllite which is equivalent to the Virginia slate. The area is covered largely by Pleistocene deposits in the form of moraines, ice-contact features, outwash plains, and the valley train of the Mississippi River. Almost all the surface deposits consist of outwash-plain and valley-train sediments that are generally permeable. Test drilling and an electrical-resistivity survey indicate that the post area, in the southeast part of the reservation, is underlain by about 50 to 115 feet of glacial drift. The west side of the post area is underlain by a bedrock valley filled in part by permeable glaciofluvial deposits in which there is a narrow, highly permeable channel deposit of sand and gravel. Aquifers of this type are probably the most important source of ground water in the area, although substantial quantities of water also may be obtained from other types of glacial aquifers. Properly constructed and developed wells tapping the channel deposits should yield 2,000 to 3,000 gallons per minute, or more.
\nRecharge to the aquifers in the reservation is derived from the downward percolation of local precipitation. Most recharge occurs during the spring breakup when accumulated winter snows melt and during the warmer months when the heaviest rains occur.
\nSufficient water is stored in sands and gravels in the area to support substantial water-supply developments for several years, even without normal recharge.
\nThe water is harder than is desirable for domestic uses, and it is relatively highly colored, probably owing to the presence of iron. Otherwise, the water is satisfactory for most domestic purposes as it contains only about 250 parts per million of dissolved solids.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1962","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. National Guard Bureau","usgsCitation":"Jones, J., Akin, P., and Schneider, R., 1963, Geology and ground-water conditions in the southern part of the Camp Ripley Military Reservation, Morrison County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, Document: iv, 32 p.; 3 Plates: 17.00 x 25.85 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669A.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 32 p.; 3 Plates: 17.00 x 25.85 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424353,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24859.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":27399,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669a/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27398,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27397,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27400,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Morrison County","otherGeospatial":"Camp Ripley Military Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.37504768371582,\n 46.070551078344444\n ],\n [\n -94.37504768371582,\n 46.10400631094191\n ],\n [\n -94.32929992675781,\n 46.10400631094191\n ],\n [\n -94.32929992675781,\n 46.070551078344444\n ],\n [\n -94.37504768371582,\n 46.070551078344444\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685f81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J.R.","contributorId":15967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akin, P.D.","contributorId":104471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akin","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1988,"text":"wsp1539L - 1963 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Fairfax quadrangle, Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51915,"text":"ofr5663 - 1956 - Geology of the Great Falls Park area, Fairfax County, Virginia","indexId":"ofr5663","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Great Falls Park area, Fairfax County, Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1988,"text":"wsp1539L - 1963 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Fairfax quadrangle, Virginia","indexId":"wsp1539L","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Fairfax quadrangle, Virginia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:22","indexId":"wsp1539L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1539","chapter":"L","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Fairfax quadrangle, Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1539L","usgsCitation":"Johnston, P.M., 1963, Geology and ground-water resources of the Fairfax quadrangle, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1539, v, 61 p. :ill. ;24 cm. + plates folded in pocket., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1539L.","productDescription":"v, 61 p. :ill. ;24 cm. + plates folded in pocket.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109979,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24734.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24734"},{"id":138470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539l/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27377,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539l/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27378,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539l/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27379,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539l/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685535","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, Paul McKelvey","contributorId":8828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"McKelvey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1293,"text":"wsp1330F - 1963 - Water requirements of the styrene, butadiene and synthetic-rubber industries","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":1293,"text":"wsp1330F - 1963 - Water requirements of the styrene, butadiene and synthetic-rubber industries","indexId":"wsp1330F","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Water requirements of the styrene, butadiene and synthetic-rubber industries"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T14:18:36","indexId":"wsp1330F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1330","chapter":"F","title":"Water requirements of the styrene, butadiene and synthetic-rubber industries","docAbstract":"About 710 million gallons of makeup water is withdrawn daily by the styrene, butadiene, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and specialty-rubber industries; 88 percent of this water is used only for once-through cooling. About 429 million gallons of water daily (mgd) is withdrawn by the butadiene industry; 158 ragd is withdrawn by the styrene industry; 94 mgd is used to make special-purpose synthetic rubber; and 29 mgd is used in the direct manufacture of SBR.
The amount of makeup water withdrawn to produce SBR ranges from 11,400 to 418,000 gallons per long ton of finished rubber. The amount of makeup water withdrawn depends upon the type of rubber, the processes used to make SBR and its intermediates (styrene and butadiene), and the availability of water at the styrene, butadiene, and SBR plants. The amount of makeup water used to make styrene ranged from 2.19 to 123 gallons per pound; to make butadiene, ranged from 5.38 to 22.0 gallons per pound; and in the direct manufacture of SBR, ranged from 0.883 to 10.2 gallons per pound of finished rubber. The amount of makeup water withdrawn for use in the manufacture of special-purpose synthetic rubber ranged from 8.45 to 104 gallons per pound.
About 64 percent of the makeup water was obtained from salty water sources. These waters, which were used only in once-through cooling, contained as much as 35,000 ppm of dissolved solids. About 26 percent of the makeup water was obtained from fresh-water streams and lakes, and most of the other makeup waters were obtained from ground water. Less than 1 percent of the makeup water was obtained from reprocessed municipal sewage. Most makeup water from fresh-water streams, lakes, and wells contained less than 1,000 ppm of dissolved solids, and most makeup water used in the manufacture of SBR contained less than 500 ppm of dissolved solids. The maximum hardness of the untreated fresh makeup waters; used in the manufacture of SBR was less than 500 ppm.
About 97 percent of the makeup water withdrawn was discharged to surface waters; the warmed salty waters were returned to their source. The remaining 3 percent, or about 23.6 mgd, of makeup water was used consumptively. The styrene industry consumptively used about 2.0 percent of its intake; the butadiene industry, about 4.5 percent; the specialty-rubber industry, about 9.1 percent; and the SBR industry, about 11 percent. The water shipped in the synthetic-rubber products increased the consumptive use of water by these industries.
","largerWorkTitle":"Water requirements of selected industries","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1330F","usgsCitation":"Durfor, C.N., 1963, Water requirements of the styrene, butadiene and synthetic-rubber industries: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1330, v, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1330F.","productDescription":"v, 65 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"285","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":26287,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330f/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":137019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330f/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f97df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durfor, Charles N.","contributorId":50881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durfor","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":951,"text":"wsp1539G - 1963 - Ground-water geology of Karnes County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T14:41:27","indexId":"wsp1539G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1539","chapter":"G","title":"Ground-water geology of Karnes County, Texas","docAbstract":"The exposed rocks and those underlying Karnes County dip toward the Gulf of Mexico at average rates ranging from 20 to more than 200 feet per mile. The oil fields are on structures associated with faulting; the effect of faulting on the occurrence of ground water has not been determined.
\nThe principal water-bearing formations, from oldest to youngest, underlying the county are the Carrizo sand, Yegua formation, Jackson group, Catahoula tuff, Oakville sandstone, and Lagarto clay. They range in age from Eocene to Miocene and all are of sedimentary origin. About 40 million acre-feet of usable water (water containing less than 3,000 ppm) is stored more then 2,500 feet below land surface in the Carrizo sand; 30 million acre-feet is stored in the younger formations at depths less than 1,000 feet.
\nGround-water withdrawals for municipal, industrial, and domestic use averaged about 1.7 million gpd in 1957. Irrigation and stock supplies were derived from both ground- and surface-water sources. In general, water levels from 1936 through 1957 were not affected appreciably by withdrawals.
\nRecharge to the ground-water reservoir from precipitation, although only a small percentage of total precipitation, exceeded withdrawals of ground water by wells in 1957.
\nMost of the usable ground water in Karnes County is of substandard quality; whereas water from the San Antonio River, although hard, is of excellent quality. Wells tapping the Carrizo may yield as much as 1,000 gpm in the northwestern part of the county; wells in the shallower formations may yield as much as 600 gpm in the most favorable areas, but in some places may yield only a few gallons per minute of water suitable only for stock.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1539G","usgsCitation":"Anders, R.B., 1963, Ground-water geology of Karnes County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1539, Report: v, 40 p.; 10 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1539G.","productDescription":"Report: v, 40 p.; 10 Plates","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":25472,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109976,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24730.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24730"},{"id":25471,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539g/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25465,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539g/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25466,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539g/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25467,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539g/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25468,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539g/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25469,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539g/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25462,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539g/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25463,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539g/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25464,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539g/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25470,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539g/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6741a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anders, Robert B.","contributorId":44125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":947,"text":"wsp1779B - 1963 - Variations in the chemical character of the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T09:17:39","indexId":"wsp1779B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"B","title":"Variations in the chemical character of the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The chemical quality of the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg is influenced by three major factors: streamflow, anthracite and bituminous coal-mine drainage, and geology. Water samples collected at Harrisburg near the west bank of the Susquehanna River and those of western tributaries that drain limestone terranes are similar in chemical quality. The water is alkaline and contains calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate-ion concentrations typical of water drained from limestone. The chemical quality of water samples collected in the center of the river resembles the quality of the West Branch Susquehanna River, which has a dissolved-solids content of about 200 parts per million, and a sulfate-ion concentration that generally exceeds the bicarbonate-ion concentration. Samples collected near the east or Harrisburg bank show the effect of anthracite coalmine drainage from the river's eastern tributaries. The pH of these samples ranges from 5.7 to 7.5, and sulfate is the predominate ion. \r\n\r\nThe dissolved-solids content of the river at the Harrisburg cross-section stations is inversely proportional to the streamflow. During periods of low riverflow, the dissolved-solids content approaches a maximum; during periods of high flow, the content is low. \r\n\r\nThe chemical composition of the river at the Harrisburg cross section indicates that water from the principal tributaries above Harrisburg does not mix sufficiently to lose its chemical-quality identity before reaching Harrisburg irrespective of the long distance involved, the many islands and bridge piers, and the rough streambed. This lack of lateral mixing is probably due to the small depth-width ratio and the extreme width of the river.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779B","usgsCitation":"Anderson, P.W., 1963, Variations in the chemical character of the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, iii, 17 p. :illus., map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779B.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p. :illus., map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":25447,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48e3e4b07f02db54f199","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Peter W.","contributorId":10400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1975,"text":"wsp1662A - 1963 - Specific Yield--Column drainage and centrifuge moisture content","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp1662A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1662","chapter":"A","title":"Specific Yield--Column drainage and centrifuge moisture content","docAbstract":"The specific yield of a rock or soil, with respect to water, is the ratio of (1) the volume of water which, after being saturated, it will yield by gravity to (2) its own volume. Specific retention represents the water retained against gravity drainage. The specific yield and retention when added together are equal to the total interconnected porosity of the rock or soil. Because specific retention is more easily determined than specific yield, most methods for obtaining yield first require the determination of specific retention. Recognizing the great need for developing improved methods of determining the specific yield of water-bearing materials, the U.S. Geological Survey and the California Department of Water Resources initiated a cooperative investigation of this subject. The major objectives of this research are (1) to review pertinent literature on specific yield and related subjects, (2) to increase basic knowledge of specific yield and rate of drainage and to determine the most practical methods of obtaining them, (3) to compare and to attempt to correlate the principal laboratory and field methods now commonly used to obtain specific yield, and (4) to obtain improved estimates of specific yield of water-bearing deposits in California. An open-file report, 'Specific yield of porous media, an annotated bibliography,' by A. I. Johnson, D. A. Morris, and R. C. Prill, was released in 1960 in partial fulfillment of the first objective. This report describes the second phase of the specific-yield study by the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Laboratory at Denver, Colo. Laboratory research on column drainage and centrifuge moisture equivalent, two methods for estimating specific retention of porous media, is summarized. In the column-drainage study, a wide variety of materials was packed into plastic columns of 1- to 8-inch diameter, wetted with Denver tap water, and drained under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. The effects of cleaning the porous media; of different column diameters; of dye and time on drainage; and of different methods of drainage, wetting, and packing were all determined. To insure repeatability of porosity in duplicate columns, a mechanical technique of packing was developed. \r\n\r\nIn the centrifuge moisture-content study, the centrifuge moisture-equivalent (the moisture content retained by a soil that has been first saturated and then subjected to a force equal to 1,000 times the force of gravity for 1 hour) test was first reviewed and evaluated. It was determined that for reproducible moisture-retention results the temperature and humidity should be controlled by use of a controlled-temperature centrifuge. In addition to refining this standard test, the study determined the effect of length of period of centrifuging and of applied tension on the drainage results. \r\n\r\nThe plans for future work require the continuation of the laboratory standardization study qith emphasis on investigation of soil-moisture tension and unsaturated-permeability techniques. A detailed study in the field then will be followed by correlation and evaluation of laboratory and field methods.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1662A","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A., Prill, R., and Morris, D.A., 1963, Specific Yield--Column drainage and centrifuge moisture content: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1662, v, 60 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1662A.","productDescription":"v, 60 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1662a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27351,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1662a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648529","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, A.I.","contributorId":82676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prill, R.C.","contributorId":27034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prill","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, D. A.","contributorId":56204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1183,"text":"wsp1619Y - 1963 - Geology and hydrology of Valle Grande and Valle Toledo, Sandoval County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1619Y","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1619","chapter":"Y","title":"Geology and hydrology of Valle Grande and Valle Toledo, Sandoval County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1619Y","usgsCitation":"Conover, C.S., Theis, C., and Griggs, R., 1963, Geology and hydrology of Valle Grande and Valle Toledo, Sandoval County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1619, iv, 37 leaves :ill., map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1619Y.","productDescription":"iv, 37 leaves :ill., map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26027,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26028,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26029,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26030,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26031,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4674","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conover, Clyde Stuart","contributorId":42197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conover","given":"Clyde","email":"","middleInitial":"Stuart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theis, C.V.","contributorId":101641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theis","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griggs, Roy L.","contributorId":41900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"Roy L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2554,"text":"wsp1586D - 1963 - An empirical method of determining momentary discharge of tide-affected streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp1586D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1586","chapter":"D","title":"An empirical method of determining momentary discharge of tide-affected streams","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1586D","usgsCitation":"Rantz, S., 1963, An empirical method of determining momentary discharge of tide-affected streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1586, iii, 28 p. :ill. ;24 cm. + plate folded in pocket., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1586D.","productDescription":"iii, 28 p. :ill. ;24 cm. + plate folded in pocket.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1586d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28802,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1586d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28803,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1586d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684acb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rantz, S. E.","contributorId":34106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rantz","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1019,"text":"wsp1580B - 1963 - Factors influencing the occurrence of floods in a humid region of diverse terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1580B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1580","chapter":"B","title":"Factors influencing the occurrence of floods in a humid region of diverse terrain","docAbstract":"This report describes relations between flood peaks and hydrologic factors in a humid region with limited climatic variation but a diversity of terrain. Statistical multiple-regression techniques have been applied to hydrologic data on New England. Many topographic and climatic factors have been evaluated. and their relations to flood peaks have been examined. \r\n\r\nMany of the factors that influence flood peaks are interrelated, and part of the investigation consisted of determining the most efficient factor in each of several groups of highly interrelated variables. Drainage area size was found to be the most important factor. Main-channel slope was found to be next in importance, and a simple yet efficient indicator of main-channel slope was developed. The surface area of lakes and ponds was found to be a factor significantly influencing peak discharges. Of several indices tested the intensity of rainfall for a given duration and frequency was found to be most highly related to the magnitude of peaks. The increase in peaks caused by snowmelt and frozen ground was found to be related to an index of winter temperature-the average number of degrees below freezing in January. \r\n\r\nAfter the above-mentioned topographic and climatic characteristics had been taken into account, there remained deviations in peak discharges that showed an evident relation to orographic patterns. An orographic factor was mapped as defined by the peak discharges of record. Multiple-regression equations were developed that related, with acceptable accuracy, peak discharges of 1.2-to 300-year recurrence intervals to 6 hydrologic variables; 3 of the variables were topographic, 2 climatic, and 1 orographic. The remaining unexplained variations in flood-peak occurrence are believed attributable to the chance variation in storms.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey ;","doi":"10.3133/wsp1580B","isbn":"pbk","usgsCitation":"Benson, M.A., 1963, Factors influencing the occurrence of floods in a humid region of diverse terrain: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1580, iv, 64 p. :ill., maps. ; 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1580B.","productDescription":"iv, 64 p. :ill., maps. ; 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1580b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25633,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1580b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25634,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1580b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f28d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, M. A.","contributorId":32510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1009,"text":"wsp1579 - 1963 - Progress report on the ground-water resources of the Louisville area, Kentucky, 1949-55","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1579","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1579","title":"Progress report on the ground-water resources of the Louisville area, Kentucky, 1949-55","docAbstract":"In the Louisville area, the principal water-bearing formations are the glacial-outwash sand and gravel and, in places, the underlying limestone. During the period 1949 through 1955 pumpage from the two aquifers averaged about 30 mgd (million gallons per day). The pumpage was approximately in balance with the normal net recharge to the area but was only about 8 percent of the estimated potential supply of ground water, including induced infiltration from the river. In the Louisville area, ground water is used chiefly for air conditioning and for industrial cooling. In the part of the area southwest of the city, ground water is used also for public supply. \r\n\r\nHigh ground-water levels in 1937 resulted from the greatest flood of record. Subsequently, water levels generally declined in the entire Louisville area. In downtown Louisville, where ground water is used for air conditioning, the water level fluctuates seasonally in response to variations in the rate of pumping. In the heavily pumped industrial areas, where ground water is used for cooling, water-level fluctuations correlate with changes in rates of pumping caused by variations in production schedules. Levels were lowest during the years of World War II. During the period 1952-55, relatively low levels throughout the area reflected the effects of less than normal rainfall, summer drought, and sustained pumping. \r\n\r\nGround water in the Louisville area is very hard and generally of the calcium bicarbonate or calcium sulfate type. It is high in iron and sulfate content but is moderately low in chloride content. In water of the sand and gravel aquifer, the concentration of sulfate has increased gradually during the period 1949-54.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1579","usgsCitation":"Bell, E., Kellogg, R.W., and Kulp, W.K., 1963, Progress report on the ground-water resources of the Louisville area, Kentucky, 1949-55: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1579, iv, 47 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm. + separate portfolio with plates., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1579.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm. + separate portfolio with plates.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25589,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25590,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25591,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25592,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25593,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25594,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25595,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25596,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25597,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25598,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25599,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25600,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25601,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25602,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25603,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25604,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dbab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, Edwin A.","contributorId":96660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Edwin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, Robert W.","contributorId":61793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kulp, Willis K.","contributorId":8076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"Willis","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2034,"text":"wsp1669H - 1963 - Sedimentation and chemical quality of water in Salt Creek basin, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp1669H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"H","title":"Sedimentation and chemical quality of water in Salt Creek basin, Nebraska","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1962","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669H","usgsCitation":"Kister, L.R., and Mundorff, J.C., 1963, Sedimentation and chemical quality of water in Salt Creek basin, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, vi, 47 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669H.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27515,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbcd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kister, Lester Ray","contributorId":107670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kister","given":"Lester","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mundorff, J. C.","contributorId":63374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundorff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1005,"text":"wsp1669L - 1963 - Ground-water potential of the alluvium of the Arkansas River between Little Rock and Fort Smith, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1669L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"L","title":"Ground-water potential of the alluvium of the Arkansas River between Little Rock and Fort Smith, Arkansas","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1962","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669L","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., Emmett, L.F., and Jeffery, H., 1963, Ground-water potential of the alluvium of the Arkansas River between Little Rock and Fort Smith, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669L.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669l/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25582,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669l/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25583,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669l/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25584,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669l/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6674b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmett, L. F.","contributorId":43332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeffery, H. G.","contributorId":74353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffery","given":"H. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2031,"text":"wsp1595 - 1963 - Effects of hydraulic and geologic factors on streamflow of the Yakima River Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-06T14:11:36","indexId":"wsp1595","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1595","title":"Effects of hydraulic and geologic factors on streamflow of the Yakima River Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"The Yakima River basin, in south-central Washington, is the largest single river system entirely within the confines of the State. Its waters are the most extensively utilized of all the rivers in Washington.
\nThe river heads high on the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains, flows for 180 miles in a generally southeast direction, and discharges into the Columbia River. The western part of the basin is a mountainous area formed by sedimentary, volcanic, and metamorphic rocks, which generally have a low capacity for storing and transmitting water. The eastern part of the basin is. formed by a thick sequence of lava flows that have folded into long ridges and troughs. Downwarped structural basins between many of the ridges are partly filled with younger sedimentary deposits, which at some places are many hundreds of feet thick. The Yakima River flows from structural basin to structural basin through narrow water gaps that have been eroded through the anticlinal ridges. Each basin is also a topographic basin and a ground-water subbasin. A gaging station will measure the total outflow of a drainage area only if it is located at the surface outlet of a ground-water subbasin and then only if the stream basin is nearly coextensive with the ground-water subbasin. Many gaging stations in the Yakima basin are so located. The geology, hydrology, size. and location of 25 ground-water subbasins are described.
\nSince the settlement of the valley began, the development of the land and water resources have caused progressive changes in the natural regimen of the basin's runoff. These changes have resulted from diversion of water from the streams, the application of water on the land for irrigation, the storage and release of flood waters, the pumping of ground water, and other factors Irrigation in the Yakima basin is reported 'to have begun about 1864. In 1955 about 425,000 acres were under irrigation.
\nDuring the past 60-odd years many gaging stations have been operated at different sites within the basin. Only stations in the upper reaches, such as those below Keechelus, Kachess, or Cle Elum Lakes, give discharge records which are an accurate measure of the natural outflow of the drainage area. Farther down, stream, as the utilization of water becomes more extensive, the records at a gaging station show the discharge passing a particular point, but they do not reflect the natural outflow of the basin. Large canals divert water for use on lands above a station or carry it around a station for irrigation downstream. The deep sedimentary deposits within subbasins and the overlying alluvial gravels permit downvalley movement of large subsurface flows which bypass the gaging stations, except in the near vicinity of the water gaps. At the water gaps ground water rises to the surface, becoming streamflow, and can be accurately measured. The location of gaging stations within each subbasin is important, therefore, in determining whether the flow measured represents the total downvalley outflow or whether it is merely the surface-water component. Surface and subsurface factors that may affect the discharge records at each gaging station in the Yakima River basin include a description of upstream diversions, surface return flows, bypass canals, storage reservoirs, subsurface bypass flows, ground-water withdrawals, and other items. The available data are not sufficiently complete to permit a quantitative determination of the total basin yield at most gaging stations. However, data on the existing bypass channels, such as canals and drainage ditches, and on related subsurface movement of water provide valuable information necessary to proper use and interpretation of the streamflow records.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1595","usgsCitation":"Kinnison, H.B., and Sceva, J.E., 1963, Effects of hydraulic and geologic factors on streamflow of the Yakima River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1595, Report: vii, 134 p.; 3 Plates: 29.5 x 30.0 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1595.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 134 p.; 3 Plates: 29.5 x 30.0 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"144","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1595/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27507,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1595/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27508,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1595/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27509,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1595/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27510,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1595/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8361,45.5437 ], [ -124.8361,49.0024 ], [ -116.9174,49.0024 ], [ -116.9174,45.5437 ], [ -124.8361,45.5437 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611e92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinnison, Hallard B.","contributorId":84337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinnison","given":"Hallard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sceva, Jack E.","contributorId":79086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sceva","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":144554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1167,"text":"wsp1669B - 1963 - Sediment characteristics of small streams in southern Wisconsin, 1954-59","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-02T14:37:59","indexId":"wsp1669B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"B","title":"Sediment characteristics of small streams in southern Wisconsin, 1954-59","docAbstract":"The results of investigations of the sediment and water discharge characteristics of Black Earth Creek, Mount Vernon Creek, and Yellowstone River from 1954 to 1959 and Dell Creek for 1958 and 1959 indicate large differences in annual runoff and sediment yields. The suspended-sediment discharge of Black Earth Creek averaged 3,260 tons per year or 71 tons per square mile : the annual yields ranged from 27 to 102 tons per square mile. The annual suspended-sediment yield of Mount Vernon Creek ranged from 48 to 171 tons per square mile and averaged 96 tons per square mile. The maximum daily discharge was 1,120 tons on April 1, 1960, during a storm which produced 67 percent of the suspended load for that water year and exceeded the discharge for the preceding 3 years. The sediment discharge of the Yellowstone River averaged 6,870 tons per year or 236 tons per square riffle. The maximum daily sediment discharge, 3,750 tons on April 1, 1959, occurred during a 14-day period of high flow during which the sediment discharge was 15,480 tons. In 1958 and 1959, Dell Creek had suspended-sediment yields of 4.7 and 26 tons per square mile of drainage area. The suspended sediment transported by Black Earth and Mount Vernon Creeks is about two-thirds clay and one-third silt. For Yellowstone River the particle-size distribution of the suspended sediment ranged from three-fourths clay and one-fourth silt during periods of low sediment discharge to one-third clay and two-thirds silt during high sediment discharges. For Dell Creek nearly all of the suspended sediment is clay, but the bed load is sand. The mean sediment concentration of storm runoff averaged two to three times more in the summer than in the winter. No significant changes with time occurred in the relation between storm runoff and sediment yield.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Conservation Department through the Wisconsin Committee on Water Pollution","usgsCitation":"Collier, C.R., 1963, Sediment characteristics of small streams in southern Wisconsin, 1954-59: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669B.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26002,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Black Earth Creek, Dell Creek, Mount Vernon Creek, Yellowstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 42.56521874494336\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 43.60823944964325\n ],\n [\n -89.49462890625,\n 43.60823944964325\n ],\n [\n -89.49462890625,\n 42.56521874494336\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 42.56521874494336\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4794e4b07f02db48cded","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collier, Charles R.","contributorId":57821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1910,"text":"wsp1539M - 1963 - Saline ground water in the Roswell basin, Chaves and Eddy Counties, New Mexico, 1958-59","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-26T21:43:41.466365","indexId":"wsp1539M","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1539","chapter":"M","title":"Saline ground water in the Roswell basin, Chaves and Eddy Counties, New Mexico, 1958-59","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1539M","usgsCitation":"Hood, J.W., 1963, Saline ground water in the Roswell basin, Chaves and Eddy Counties, New Mexico, 1958-59: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1539, Report: iv, 46 p.; 5 Plates: 21.50 × 40.19 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1539M.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 46 p.; 5 Plates: 21.50 × 40.19 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539m/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27220,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539m/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27219,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539m/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27218,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539m/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27217,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539m/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27216,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539m/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27215,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539m/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109980,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24735.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24735"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Chaves County, Eddy County","otherGeospatial":"Roswell basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.25,\n 32.698\n ],\n [\n -104.75,\n 32.698\n ],\n [\n -104.75,\n 33.741\n ],\n [\n -104.25,\n 33.741\n ],\n [\n -104.25,\n 32.698\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c9c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hood, James W.","contributorId":66115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22,"text":"wsp1737 - 1963 - Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States, October 1950 to September 1960, part 13. Snake River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-11T22:01:05.960692","indexId":"wsp1737","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1737","title":"Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States, October 1950 to September 1960, part 13. Snake River basin","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1737","usgsCitation":"Hendricks, E.L., Miller, W.T., Wiard, L.A., Phillips, K.N., Travis, W.I., Veatch, F.M., and Wilson, M.T., 1963, Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States, October 1950 to September 1960, part 13. Snake River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1737, Report: ix, 282 p.; 1 Plate: 32.50 x 32.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1737.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 282 p.; 1 Plate: 32.50 x 32.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423417,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24921.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":24633,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1737/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137535,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1737/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24634,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1737/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.99395192454193,\n 46.608309542352345\n ],\n [\n -118.77424419274035,\n 41.62688572843186\n ],\n [\n -114.76439140250524,\n 41.50531465305231\n ],\n [\n -111.50167242444013,\n 41.89181673259114\n ],\n [\n -109.93678540001035,\n 44.682294046568174\n ],\n [\n -111.41590793667874,\n 44.655728760510534\n ],\n [\n -113.27367976644427,\n 44.6671673438581\n ],\n [\n -113.90062820529766,\n 45.67128934740116\n ],\n [\n -114.31699806399389,\n 45.58738260094703\n ],\n [\n -114.41142707275057,\n 46.597680391644516\n ],\n [\n -117.10034588676403,\n 47.709556630238744\n ],\n [\n -118.99395192454193,\n 46.608309542352345\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a98fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendricks, E. L.","contributorId":50126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, W. T.","contributorId":331725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":889956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiard, Leon A.","contributorId":99538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiard","given":"Leon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":889957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, K. N.","contributorId":36806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":889958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Travis, W. I.","contributorId":47445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travis","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":889959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Veatch, F. M.","contributorId":97484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veatch","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":889960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilson, M. T.","contributorId":102116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":889961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":2205,"text":"wsp1669K - 1963 - Correlation of water-level fluctuations with climatic cycles in the Oklahoma Panhandle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp1669K","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"K","title":"Correlation of water-level fluctuations with climatic cycles in the Oklahoma Panhandle","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1962","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669K","usgsCitation":"Marine, I.W., 1963, Correlation of water-level fluctuations with climatic cycles in the Oklahoma Panhandle: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, iii, 10 p. :ill., map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669K.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p. :ill., map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669k/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27874,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669k/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27875,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669k/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68454c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marine, I. Wendell","contributorId":49339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marine","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wendell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}