This report describes the \"Program for Regional and International Shorebird Monitoring\" (PRISM). PRISM is being implemented by a Canada-United States Shorebird Monitoring and Assessment Committee formed in 2001 by the Canadian Shorebird Working Group and the U.S. Shorebird Council. PRISM provides a single blueprint for implementing the shorebird conservation plans recently completed in Canada and the United States. The goals of PRISM are to (1) estimate the size of breeding population of 74 shorebird taxa in North America; (2) describe the distribution, abundance, and habitat relationships for each of these taxa; (3) monitor trends in shorebird population size; (4) monitor shorebird numbers at stopover locations, and; (5) assist local managers in meeting their shorebird conservation goals. PRISM has four main components: arctic and boreal breeding surveys, temperate breeding surveys, temperate non-breeding surveys, and neotropical surveys. Progress on, and action items for, each major component are described. The more important major tasks for immediate action are carrying out the northern surveys, conducting regional analyses to design the program of migration counts, and evaluating aerial photographic surveys for migration and winter counts.
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Volume 2.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","publisherLocation":"Albany, CA","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Andres, B., Brown, S., Donaldson, G., Harrington, B., Johnston, V., Jones, S., Morrison, R.I., and Skagen, S., 2005, The Program for Regional and International Shorebird Monitoring (PRISM): General Technical Report PSW-GTR-191, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"893","endPage":"901","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6281e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, J.","contributorId":76272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andres, B.","contributorId":39324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andres","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, S.","contributorId":80620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donaldson, G.","contributorId":82265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donaldson","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harrington, B.","contributorId":17947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrington","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnston, V.","contributorId":71138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, S.","contributorId":43468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morrison, R. I. G.","contributorId":66640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"I. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Skagen, S. K. 0000-0002-6744-1244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":31348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":2002328,"text":"2002328 - 2005 - Nest occupancy and hatching success of Xantus's murrelets (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus) breeding on Santa Barbara Island, California during a twenty-year period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-02T08:40:58","indexId":"2002328","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":90,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"CHIS-05-01","title":"Nest occupancy and hatching success of Xantus's murrelets (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus) breeding on Santa Barbara Island, California during a twenty-year period","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Sixth California Islands Symposium, National Park Service Technical Publication CHIS-05-01, Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, California.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Schwemm, C., Ackerman, J., Martin, P., and Perry, W., 2005, Nest occupancy and hatching success of Xantus's murrelets (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus) breeding on Santa Barbara Island, California during a twenty-year period: Technical Publication CHIS-05-01, p. 385-394.","productDescription":"p. 385-394","startPage":"385","endPage":"394","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94546,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/medn/symposia/6th%20California%20Islands%20Symposium%20(2003)/Terrestrial%20Ecology%20and%20Restoration%20-%20Animals/Schwemm_Xantus_Murrelets_Hatching_Success.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwemm, C.A.","contributorId":33811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwemm","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":326443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, P.L.","contributorId":16541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perry, W.","contributorId":87253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2002349,"text":"2002349 - 2005 - Recovery and decline of lake whitefish in U.S. waters of eastern Lake Ontario, 1980-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"2002349","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"66","title":"Recovery and decline of lake whitefish in U.S. waters of eastern Lake Ontario, 1980-2001","docAbstract":"The lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) was an important member of the native fish community and a valued commercial species in Lake Ontario. Lake whitefish were common in U.S. waters of the lake until 1965 and very abundant in Canadian waters through the early 1970s, although their numbers declined shortly thereafter. During 1975-1985, lake whitefish stocks remained depressed throughout the lake as a result of the combined effects of degraded water quality, overfishing, and predation. Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) probably preyed on whitefish fry, and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) preyed on adults. During 1985-1987, lake whitefish stocks began to recover in eastern Lake Ontario, and their buildup continued into the mid-1990s. Reasons for the recovery likely included control of the sea lamprey population and a reduction in the number of piscivorous rainbow smelt. By 1997, lake whitefish abundance had declined severely again; some fish appeared to have dispersed from the northeastern to the southeastern regions of the lake, and the depth of capture increased. We believe that the collapse of Diporeia spp. populations during 1992-1999 was responsible for the decline in the lake whitefish populations and the shifts in geographic and bathymetric distribution because lake whitefish fed primarily on Diporeia spp. After the collapse of Diporeia spp. populations, lake whitefish in southeastern Lake Ontario fed on Mysis relicta and quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis). Changing from a diet of high-lipid Diporeia spp to low-lipid dreissenids and foraging on Mysis relicta at lower temperatures are apparently hampering the rebuilding of lake whitefish stocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of a workshop on the dynamics of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and the amphipod Diporeia spp. in the Great Lakes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Owens, R.W., O’Gorman, R., Eckert, T.H., Lantry, B.F., and Dittman, D.E., 2005, Recovery and decline of lake whitefish in U.S. waters of eastern Lake Ontario, 1980-2001: Technical Report 66, p. 141-155.","productDescription":"p. 141-155","startPage":"141","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92016,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr66.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635476","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owens, Randall W.","contributorId":23871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":326475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eckert, Thomas H.","contributorId":58585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckert","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lantry, Brian F. 0000-0001-8797-3910 bflantry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-3910","contributorId":3435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"Brian","email":"bflantry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dittman, Dawn E. 0000-0002-0711-3732 ddittman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-3732","contributorId":2762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dittman","given":"Dawn","email":"ddittman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":2000143,"text":"2000143 - 2005 - A retrospective perspective: evaluating population changes by repeating historic bird surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-22T08:10:52","indexId":"2000143","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"GTR-PSW-191","title":"A retrospective perspective: evaluating population changes by repeating historic bird surveys","docAbstract":"Acquiring an accurate picture of the changes in bird populations often involves a tradeoff between the time and effort required to complete the surveys and the number of years spent surveying the bird populations. An alternative approach to long-term monitoring efforts is to collect current data and contrast those with data collected earlier in a similar fashion on the same study site(s). To evaluate changes in bird populations, we repeated two extensive surveys, one in North Dakota (1967 vs. 1992-1993) and the other in the Platte River Valley of Nebraska (1979-1980 vs. 2001), where large areas of native vegetation had been converted to agriculture. We use these examples and others from the literature to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of using historical data as a frame of reference for population changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird conservation implementation and integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","publisherLocation":"Albany, CA","usgsCitation":"Igl, L.D., and Johnson, D.H., 2005, A retrospective perspective: evaluating population changes by repeating historic bird surveys: General Technical Report GTR-PSW-191, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"817","endPage":"830","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11919,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr191/psw_gtr191_0817-0830_igl.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a845b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2002350,"text":"2002350 - 2005 - Lake whitefish and Diporeia spp. in the Great lakes: an overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:56","indexId":"2002350","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"66","title":"Lake whitefish and Diporeia spp. in the Great lakes: an overview","docAbstract":"Because of growing concern in the Great Lakes over declines in abundance and growth of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and declines in abundance of the benthic amphipod Diporeia spp., a workshop was held to examine past and current trends, to explore trophic links, and to discuss the latest research results and needs. The workshop was divided into sessions on the status of populations in each of the lakes, bioenergetics and trophic dynamics, and exploitation and management. Abundance, growth, and condition of whitefish populations in Lakes Superior and Erie are stable and within the range of historical means, but these variables are declining in Lakes Michigan and Ontario and parts of Lake Huron. The loss of Diporeia spp., a major food item of whitefish, has been a factor in observed declines, particularly in Lake Ontario, but density-dependent factors also likely played a role in Lakes Michigan and Huron. The loss of Diporeia spp. is temporally linked to the introduction and proliferation of dreissenid mussels, but a direct cause for the negative response of Diporeia spp. has not been established. Given changes in whitefish populations, age-structured models need to be re-evaluated. Other whitefish research needs to include a better understanding of what environmental conditions lead to strong year-classes, improved aging techniques, and better information on individual population (stock) structure. Further collaborations between assessment biologists and researchers studying the lower food web would enhance an understanding of links between trophic levels.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of a workshop on the dynamics of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and the amphipod Diporeia spp. in the Great Lakes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Nalepa, T., Mohr, L.C., Henderson, B.A., Madenjian, C.P., and Schneeberger, P.J., 2005, Lake whitefish and Diporeia spp. in the Great lakes: an overview: Technical Report 66, p. 3-19.","productDescription":"p. 3-19","startPage":"3","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92017,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr66.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":199268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0f15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nalepa, Thomas F.","contributorId":28212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalepa","given":"Thomas F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mohr, Lloyd C.","contributorId":77493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohr","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, Bryan A.","contributorId":106841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schneeberger, Philip J.","contributorId":43313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneeberger","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":2002303,"text":"2002303 - 2005 - Historical development of simulation models of recreation use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:00","indexId":"2002303","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"RMS-GTR-143","title":"Historical development of simulation models of recreation use","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computer simulation modeling of recreation use: current status, case studies, and future directions.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"van Wagtendonk, J., and Cole, D., 2005, Historical development of simulation models of recreation use: General Technical Report RMS-GTR-143, p. 3-9.","productDescription":"p. 3-9","startPage":"3","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6885a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, D.N.","contributorId":97455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027670,"text":"70027670 - 2005 - Assessing the vulnerability of a municipal well field to contamination in a karst aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T08:00:49","indexId":"70027670","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the vulnerability of a municipal well field to contamination in a karst aquifer","docAbstract":"Proposed expansion of extractive lime-rock mines near the Miami-Dade County Northwest well field and Everglades wetland areas has garnered intense scrutiny by government, public, environmental stakeholders, and the media because of concern that mining will increase the risk of pathogen contamination. Rock mines are excavated to the same depth as the well field's primary producing zone. The underlying karst Biscayne aquifer is a triple-porosity system characterized by (1) a matrix of interparticle porosity and separate vug porosity; (2) touching-vug porosity that forms preferred, stratiform passageways; and, less commonly, (3) conduit porosity formed by thin solution pipes, bedding-plane vugs, and cavernous vugs. Existing ground-water flow and particle tracking models do not provide adequate information regarding the ability the aquifer to limit the advective movement of pathogens and other contaminants. Chemical transport and colloidal mobility properties have been delineated using conservative and microsphere-surrogate tracers for Cryptosporidium parvum. Forced-gradient tests were executed by introducing conservative tracers into injection wells located 100 m (328 ft) from a municipal-supply well. Apparent mean advective velocity between the wells is one to two orders of magnitude greater than previously measured. Touching-vug, stratiform flow zones are efficient pathways for tracer movement at the well field. The effective porosity for a continuum model between the point of injection and tracer recovery ranges from 2 to 4 percent and is an order of magnitude smaller than previously assumed. Existing well-field protection zones were established using porosity estimates based on specific yield. The effective, or kinematic, porosity of a Biscayne aquifer continuum model is lower than the total porosity, because high velocities occur along preferential flow paths that result in faster times of travel than can be represented with the ground-water flow equation. Tracer tests indicate that the relative ease of contaminant movement to municipal supply wells is much greater than previously considered.","language":"English","publisher":"GSW","doi":"10.2113/11.4.319","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Renken, R., Cunningham, K., Zygnerski, M., Wacker, M., Shapiro, A., Harvey, R., Metge, D., Osborn, C., and Ryan, J.N., 2005, Assessing the vulnerability of a municipal well field to contamination in a karst aquifer: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 11, no. 4, p. 319-331, https://doi.org/10.2113/11.4.319.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"331","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477826,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.372.1559","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211197,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/11.4.319"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edf1e4b0c8380cd49b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renken, R.A.","contributorId":99161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renken","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, K.J.","contributorId":39852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zygnerski, M.R.","contributorId":45109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zygnerski","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wacker, M.A.","contributorId":91168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":414661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Metge, D.W.","contributorId":51477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Osborn, C.L.","contributorId":9852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osborn","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":1015277,"text":"1015277 - 2005 - Watershed management and organizational dynamics: nationwide findings and regional variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T19:41:28","indexId":"1015277","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed management and organizational dynamics: nationwide findings and regional variation","docAbstract":"Recent attention has focused on resource management initiatives at the watershed scale with emphasis on collaborative, locally driven, and decentralized institutional arrangements. Existing literature on limited selections of well-established watershed-based organizations has provided valuable insights. The current research extends this focus by including a broad survey of watershed organizations from across the United States as a means to estimate a national portrait. Organizational characteristics include year of formation, membership size and composition, budget, guiding principles, and mechanisms of decision-making. These characteristics and the issue concerns of organizations are expected to vary with respect to location. Because this research focuses on organizations that are place based and stakeholder driven, the forces driving them are expected to differ across regions of the country. On this basis of location, we suggest basic elements for a regional assessment of watershed organizations to channel future research and to better approximate the organizational dynamics, issue concerns, and information needs unique to organizations across the country. At the broadest level, the identification of regional patterns or organizational similarities may facilitate the linkage among organizations to coordinate their actions at the much broader river basin or ecosystem scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-004-1039-0","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.T., Burkardt, N., and King, M., 2005, Watershed management and organizational dynamics: nationwide findings and regional variation: Environmental Management, v. 36, no. 2, p. 297-310, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-1039-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"310","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e40a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, B. T.","contributorId":108070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, N.","contributorId":13913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, M.D.","contributorId":28211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027615,"text":"70027615 - 2005 - Sorption of aromatic organic pollutants to grasses from water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027615","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption of aromatic organic pollutants to grasses from water","docAbstract":"The influence of plant lipids on the equilibrium sorption of three aromatic solutes from water was studied. The plant-water sorption isotherms of benzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and phenanthrene were measured over a large range of solute concentrations using sealed vessels containing water, dried plant material, and solute. The plant materials studied include the shoots of annual rye, tall fescue, red fescue, and spinach as well as the roots of annual rye. Seven out of eight sorption isotherms were linear with no evidence of competitive effects between the solutes. For a given plant type, the sorption coefficient increased with decreasing solute water solubility. For a given solute, sorption increased with increasing plant lipid content. The estimated lipid-water partition coefficients of individual solutes were found to be significantly greater than the corresponding octanol-water partition coefficients. This indicates that plant lipids are a more effective partition solvent than octanol for the studied aromatic compounds. As expected, the solute lipid-water partition coefficients were log-linearly related to the respective water solubilities. For the compounds studied, partitioning into the lipids is believed to be the primary sorption mechanism. ?? 2005 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0504946","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Barbour, J., Smith, J.A., and Chiou, C.T., 2005, Sorption of aromatic organic pollutants to grasses from water: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 21, p. 8369-8373, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0504946.","startPage":"8369","endPage":"8373","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210975,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0504946"}],"volume":"39","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b930ce4b08c986b31a259","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbour, J.P.","contributorId":52852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbour","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, J. A.","contributorId":101646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027406,"text":"70027406 - 2005 - Setting limits: The development and use of factor-ceiling distributions for an urban assessment using macroinvertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T08:30:52","indexId":"70027406","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5360,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Setting limits: The development and use of factor-ceiling distributions for an urban assessment using macroinvertebrates","docAbstract":"Lotic habitats in urban settings are often more modified than in other anthropogenically influenced areas. The extent, degree, and permanency of these modifications compromise the use of traditional reference-based study designs to evaluate the level of lotic impairment and establish restoration goals. Directly relating biological responses to the combined effects of urbanization is further complicated by the nonlinear response often observed in common metrics (e.g., Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera [EPT] species richness) to measures of human influence (e.g., percentage urban land cover). A characteristic polygonal biological response often arises from the presence of a generalized limiting factor (i.e., urban land use) plus the influence of multiple additional stressors that are nonuniformly distributed throughout the urban environment. Benthic macroinvertebrates, on-site physical habitat and chemistry, and geographical information systems-derived land cover data for 85 sites were collected within the 1,600-km2 Santa Clara Valley (SCV), California urban area. A biological indicator value was derived from EPT richness and percentage EPT. Partitioned regression was used to define reference conditions and estimate the degree of site impairment. We propose that an upper-boundary condition (factor-ceiling) modeled by partitioned regression using ordinary least squares represents an attainable upper limit for biological condition in the SCV area. Indicator values greater than the factor-ceiling, which is monotonically related to existing land use, are considered representative of reference conditions under the current habitat conditions imposed by existing land cover and land use.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":" Effects of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Carter, J., and Fend, S., 2005, Setting limits: The development and use of factor-ceiling distributions for an urban assessment using macroinvertebrates, chap. of Effects of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystems: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 47, p. 179-191.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":358056,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/x54047xm/"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d70e4b08c986b3183e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fend, S.V. 0000-0002-4638-6602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":99702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"S.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027575,"text":"70027575 - 2005 - Comparison of constitutive flow resistance equations based on the Manning and Chezy equations applied to natural rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T11:02:31","indexId":"70027575","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of constitutive flow resistance equations based on the Manning and Chezy equations applied to natural rivers","docAbstract":"A set of conceptually derived in‐bank river discharge–estimating equations (models), based on the Manning and Chezy equations, are calibrated and validated using a database of 1037 discharge measurements in 103 rivers in the United States and New Zealand. The models are compared to a multiple regression model derived from the same data. The comparison demonstrates that in natural rivers, using an exponent on the slope variable of 0.33 rather than the traditional value of 0.5 reduces the variance associated with estimating flow resistance. Mean model uncertainty, assuming a constant value for the conductance coefficient, is less than 5% for a large number of estimates, and 67% of the estimates would be accurate within 50%. The models have potential application where site‐specific flow resistance information is not available and can be the basis for (1) a general approach to estimating discharge from remotely sensed hydraulic data, (2) comparison to slope‐area discharge estimates, and (3) large‐scale river modeling.
Raman analyses of single crystals of ikaite, CaCO3·6H2O, synthesized in a diamond-anvil cell at ambient temperature yield spectra from 0.14 to 4.08 GPa; the most intense peaks are at 228 and 1081 cm−1 corresponding to Eg(external) and A1g (internal) modes of vibrations in CO2− 3 ions, respectively. These are in good agreement with Raman spectra previously published for ikaite in powder form at ambient temperature and pressure. Visual observations of a sample consisting initially of a mixture of calcite + water in a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell yielded a P-T phase diagram up to 2 GPa and 120 °C; the boundary for the reaction ikaite ↔ aragonite + water has a positive slope and is curved convexly toward the aragonite + water field similar to typical melt curves. This curvature can be explained in terms of the Clapeyron equation for a boundary between a solid phase and a more compressible liquid phase or largely liquid phase assemblage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am.2005.1783","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Shahar, A., Bassett, W.A., Mao, H., Chou, I., and Mao, W., 2005, The stability and Raman spectra of ikaite, CaCO3·6H2O, at high pressure and temperature: American Mineralogist, v. 90, no. 11-12, p. 1835-1839, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1783.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1835","endPage":"1839","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211094,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1783"}],"volume":"90","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb060e4b08c986b324e11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shahar, Anat","contributorId":89714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shahar","given":"Anat","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bassett, William A.","contributorId":47533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mao, Ho-kwang","contributorId":24927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"Ho-kwang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, I-Ming 0000-0001-5233-6479 imchou@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I-Ming","email":"imchou@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mao, Wendy","contributorId":93693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027370,"text":"70027370 - 2005 - Upper Neogene stratigraphy and tectonics of Death Valley - A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027370","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Neogene stratigraphy and tectonics of Death Valley - A review","docAbstract":"New tephrochronologic, soil-stratigraphic and radiometric-dating studies over the last 10 years have generated a robust numerical stratigraphy for Upper Neogene sedimentary deposits throughout Death Valley. Critical to this improved stratigraphy are correlated or radiometrically-dated tephra beds and tuffs that range in age from > 3.58 Ma to < 1.1 ka. These tephra beds and tuffs establish relations among the Upper Pliocene to Middle Pleistocene sedimentary deposits at Furnace Creek basin, Nova basin, Ubehebe-Lake Rogers basin, Copper Canyon, Artists Drive, Kit Fox Hills, and Confidence Hills. New geologic formations have been described in the Confidence Hills and at Mormon Point. This new geochronology also establishes maximum and minimum ages for Quaternary alluvial fans and Lake Manly deposits. Facies associated with the tephra beds show that ???3.3 Ma the Furnace Creek basin was a northwest-southeast-trending lake flanked by alluvial fans. This paleolake extended from the Furnace Creek to Ubehebe. Based on the new stratigraphy, the Death Valley fault system can be divided into four main fault zones: the dextral, Quaternary-age Northern Death Valley fault zone; the dextral, pre-Quaternary Furnace Creek fault zone; the oblique-normal Black Mountains fault zone; and the dextral Southern Death Valley fault zone. Post -3.3 Ma geometric, structural, and kinematic changes in the Black Mountains and Towne Pass fault zones led to the break up of Furnace Creek basin and uplift of the Copper Canyon and Nova basins. Internal kinematics of northern Death Valley are interpreted as either rotation of blocks or normal slip along the northeast-southwest-trending Towne Pass and Tin Mountain fault zones within the Eastern California shear zone. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth-Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.004","issn":"00128252","usgsCitation":"Knott, J., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., Machette, M.N., and Klinger, R., 2005, Upper Neogene stratigraphy and tectonics of Death Valley - A review: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 73, no. 1-4, p. 245-270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.004.","startPage":"245","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211129,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.004"},{"id":238327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd43e4b08c986b328f3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, J.R.","contributorId":26847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Machette, M. N.","contributorId":19561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klinger, R.E.","contributorId":13807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027635,"text":"70027635 - 2005 - Persistence of mulitple identical parasitoid species in a single-host, spatial simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T15:13:42.532403","indexId":"70027635","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3736,"text":"Web Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of mulitple identical parasitoid species in a single-host, spatial simulation","docAbstract":"We explore the problem of persistence of multiple obligate parasitoids on a single host in a discrete time, spatially explicit system. In general, the parasitoids experienced extinction until one species remained well before the 50 000-generation time limit, but the rate varied according to the parameters of the system. Smaller arenas had a greater chance of extinction. Artificially increasing interspecific competition produced rapid extinction, while decreasing competition increased persistence to the maximum time limit of the simulation. Increasing the parasitoid search efficiency or decreasing dispersal of the parasitoids relative to the host produced less longevity as did increasing host reproduction, while increasing the rate of “patch extinction” reduced the variation among the times to extinction, but did not change the time to the first extinction. Finally, increasing noise in the search parameter first reduced longevity, but then it rapidly increased near the point where the noise reached an amplitude similar to the parameter itself, where coexistence of the four parasitoids was achieved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/we-5-6-2005","usgsCitation":"Slone, D., and Allen, J.C., 2005, Persistence of mulitple identical parasitoid species in a single-host, spatial simulation: Web Ecology, v. 5, p. 6-13, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-5-6-2005.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477842,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/we-5-6-2005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76e9e4b0c8380cd78392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slone, D. H. 0000-0002-9903-9727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9903-9727","contributorId":33040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slone","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, J. C.","contributorId":22563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027650,"text":"70027650 - 2005 - Factors affecting plant diversity during post-fire recovery and succession of mediterranean-climate shrublands in California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027650","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting plant diversity during post-fire recovery and succession of mediterranean-climate shrublands in California, USA","docAbstract":"Plant community diversity, measured as species richness, is typically highest in the early post-fire years in California shrublands. However, this generalization is overly simplistic and the present study demonstrates that diversity is determined by a complex of temporal and spatial effects. Ninety sites distributed across southern California were studied for 5 years after a series of fires. Characteristics of the disturbance event, in this case fire severity, can alter post-fire diversity, both decreasing and increasing diversity, depending on life form. Spatial variability in resource availability is an important factor explaining patterns of diversity, and there is a complex interaction between landscape features and life form. Temporal variability in resource availability affects diversity, and the diversity peak in the immediate post-fire year (or two) appears to be driven by factors different from subsequent diversity peaks. Early post-fire diversity is influenced by life-history specialization, illustrated by species that spend the bulk of their life cycle as a dormant seed bank, which is then triggered to germinate by fire. Resource fluctuations, precipitation in particular, may be associated with subsequent post-fire diversity peaks. These later peaks in diversity comprise a flora that is compositionally different from the immediate post-fire flora, and their presence may be due to mass effects from population expansion of local populations in adjacent burned areas. ?? 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00200.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., Fotheringham, C.J., and Baer-Keeley, M., 2005, Factors affecting plant diversity during post-fire recovery and succession of mediterranean-climate shrublands in California, USA: Diversity and Distributions, v. 11, no. 6, p. 525-537, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00200.x.","startPage":"525","endPage":"537","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210978,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00200.x"},{"id":238097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ea5e4b0c8380cd53560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fotheringham, C. J.","contributorId":63334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fotheringham","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baer-Keeley, M.","contributorId":7239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baer-Keeley","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027723,"text":"70027723 - 2005 - Further evidence for the invasion and establishment of Pterois volitans (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) along the Atlantic Coast of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027723","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Further evidence for the invasion and establishment of Pterois volitans (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) along the Atlantic Coast of the United States","docAbstract":"We document the continued population expansion of red lionfish, Pterois volitans, the first documented successful introduction of an invasive marine fish species from the western Pacific to Atlantic coastal waters of the United States. Red lionfish are indigenous to the Indo-Pacific and have apparently established one or more breeding populations on reefs off the southeastern United States. Fifty-nine specimens, most presumably adult red lionfish, were documented or collected on live-bottom reefs off North Carolina, South Carolina, and Florida, and on a manmade structure off Georgia. Observation/collection depths and bottom water temperatures for these fish ranged from 40-99 m and 13.8-24.4??C, respectively. Eleven juvenile lionfish, believed to be expatriated from southeastern waters, were collected in estuaries along the coast of Long Island, NY, at depths of 0-5 m and water temperatures ranging from 13.8-16.5??C. Twelve of the total 70 specimens collected or observed were positively identified as red lionfish. Based on histological assessment of gonad tissue, two reproductively-active males and one immature female were collected. The life history of red lionfish, especially their reproductive biology and food habits, should be investigated along the east coast of the US to determine the potential impacts of this species on ecosystems they have invaded.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0193:FEFTIA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15287092","usgsCitation":"Meister, H., Wyanski, D., Loefer, J., Ross, S.W., Quattrini, A., and Sulak, K., 2005, Further evidence for the invasion and establishment of Pterois volitans (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) along the Atlantic Coast of the United States: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 4, no. 2, p. 193-206, https://doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0193:FEFTIA]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"193","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210981,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0193:FEFTIA]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1423e4b0c8380cd5491a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meister, H.S.","contributorId":30814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meister","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wyanski, D.M.","contributorId":22962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyanski","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loefer, J.K.","contributorId":95673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loefer","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ross, Steve W.","contributorId":72543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quattrini, A.M.","contributorId":70985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quattrini","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sulak, K. J. 0000-0002-4795-9310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":76690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027724,"text":"70027724 - 2005 - An integrated environmental tracer approach to characterizing groundwater circulation in a mountain block","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T11:07:22","indexId":"70027724","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated environmental tracer approach to characterizing groundwater circulation in a mountain block","docAbstract":"The subsurface transfer of water from a mountain block to an adjacent basin (mountain block recharge (MBR)) is a commonly invoked mechanism of recharge to intermountain basins. However, MBR estimates are highly uncertain. We present an approach to characterize bulk fluid circulation in a mountain block and thus MBR that utilizes environmental tracers from the basin aquifer. Noble gas recharge temperatures, groundwater ages, and temperature data combined with heat and fluid flow modeling are used to identify clearly improbable flow regimes in the southeastern Salt Lake Valley, Utah, and adjacent Wasatch Mountains. The range of possible MBR rates is reduced by 70%. Derived MBR rates (5.5–12.6 × 104 m3 d−1) are on the same order of magnitude as previous large estimates, indicating that significant MBR to intermountain basins is plausible. However, derived rates are 50–100% of the lowest previous estimate, meaning total recharge is probably less than previously thought.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004178","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., and Solomon, D., 2005, An integrated environmental tracer approach to characterizing groundwater circulation in a mountain block: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 12, Article W12412; 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004178.","productDescription":"Article W12412; 19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004178","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea80e4b0c8380cd488e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, D. Kip","contributorId":71441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"D. Kip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027361,"text":"70027361 - 2005 - Co-occurrence of Pacific sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus and harbor seals Phoca vitulina in Glacier Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T18:14:02","indexId":"70027361","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":689,"text":"Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Co-occurrence of Pacific sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus and harbor seals Phoca vitulina in Glacier Bay","docAbstract":"We present evidence that Pacific sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus co-occur with harbor seals Phoca vitulina in Glacier Bay, Alaska, and that these sharks scavenge or prey on marine mammals. In 2002, 415 stations were fished throughout Glacier Bay on a systematic sampling grid. Pacific sleeper sharks were caught at 3 of the 415 stations, and at one station a Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis was caught with a fresh bite, identified as the bite of a sleeper shark. All 3 sharks and the shark-bitten halibut were caught at stations near the mouth of Johns Hopkins Inlet, a glacial fjord with the highest concentration of seals in Glacier Bay. Using a bootstrap technique, we estimated the probability of sampling the sharks (and the shark-bitten halibut) in the vicinity of Johns Hopkins Inlet. If sharks were randomly distributed in Glacier Bay, the probability of sampling all 4 pots at the mouth of Johns Hopkins Inlet was very low (P = 0.00002). The highly non-random distribution of the sleeper sharks located near the largest harbor seal pupping and breeding colony in Glacier Bay suggests that these 2 species co-occur and may interact ecologically in or near Johns Hopkins Inlet.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","issn":"10917306","usgsCitation":"Taggart, S.J., Andrews, A., Mondragon, J., and Mathews, E., 2005, Co-occurrence of Pacific sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus and harbor seals Phoca vitulina in Glacier Bay: Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin, v. 11, no. 2, p. 113-117.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"117","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269522,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/library/PDFs/afrb/taggv11n2.pdf"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f67ae4b0c8380cd4c7b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, A.G.","contributorId":92401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mondragon, Jennifer","contributorId":57580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mondragon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mathews, E.A.","contributorId":38354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathews","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027359,"text":"70027359 - 2005 - A neural network approach for enhancing information extraction from multispectral image data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-25T11:04:14","indexId":"70027359","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A neural network approach for enhancing information extraction from multispectral image data","docAbstract":"A back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to classify multispectral remote sensing imagery data. The classification procedure included four steps: (i) noisy training that adds minor random variations to the sampling data to make the data more representative and to reduce the training sample size; (ii) iterative or multi-tier classification that reclassifies the unclassified pixels by making a subset of training samples from the original training set, which means the neural model can focus on fewer classes; (iii) spectral channel selection based on neural network weights that can distinguish the relative importance of each channel in the classification process to simplify the ANN model; and (iv) voting rules that adjust the accuracy of classification and produce outputs of different confidence levels. The Purdue Forest, located west of Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, was chosen as the test site. The 1992 Landsat thematic mapper imagery was used as the input data. High-quality airborne photographs of the same Lime period were used for the ground truth. A total of 11 land use and land cover classes were defined, including water, broadleaved forest, coniferous forest, young forest, urban and road, and six types of cropland-grassland. The experiment, indicated that the back-propagation neural network application was satisfactory in distinguishing different land cover types at US Geological Survey levels II-III. The single-tier classification reached an overall accuracy of 85%. and the multi-tier classification an overall accuracy of 95%. For the whole test, region, the final output of this study reached an overall accuracy of 87%. ?? 2005 CASI.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute","doi":"10.5589/m05-027","issn":"07038992","usgsCitation":"Liu, J., Shao, G., Zhu, H., and Liu, S., 2005, A neural network approach for enhancing information extraction from multispectral image data: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 31, no. 6, p. 432-438, https://doi.org/10.5589/m05-027.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"432","endPage":"438","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e497e4b0c8380cd46748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shao, G.","contributorId":43561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shao","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, H.","contributorId":16642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027371,"text":"70027371 - 2005 - Effects of short- and long-term disturbance resulting from military maneuvers on vegetation and soils in a mixed prairie area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027371","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of short- and long-term disturbance resulting from military maneuvers on vegetation and soils in a mixed prairie area","docAbstract":"Loss of grassland species resulting from activities such as off-road vehicle use increases the need for models that predict effects of anthropogenic disturbance. The relationship of disturbance by military training to plant species richness and composition on two soils (Foard and Lawton) in a mixed prairie area was investigated. Track cover (cover of vehicle disturbance to the soil) and soil organic carbon were selected as measures of short- and long-term disturbance, respectively. Soil and vegetation data, collected in 1-m 2 quadrats, were analyzed at three spatial scales (60, 10, and 1 m2). Plant species richness peaked at intermediate levels of soil organic carbon at the 10-m2 and 1-m2 spatial scales on both the Lawton and Foard soils, and at intermediate levels of track cover at all three spatial scales on the Foard soil. Species composition differed across the disturbance gradient on the Foard soil but not on the Lawton soil. Disturbance increased total plant species richness on the Foard soil. The authors conclude that disturbance up to intermediate levels can be used to maintain biodiversity by enriching the plant species pool. ?? 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-004-0373-6","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Leis, S., Engle, D.M., Leslie, D., and Fehmi, J., 2005, Effects of short- and long-term disturbance resulting from military maneuvers on vegetation and soils in a mixed prairie area: Environmental Management, v. 36, no. 6, p. 849-861, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0373-6.","startPage":"849","endPage":"861","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211156,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0373-6"},{"id":238365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07cae4b0c8380cd5182a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leis, S.A.","contributorId":18167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leis","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, David M.","contributorId":97225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fehmi, J.S.","contributorId":41647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fehmi","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027636,"text":"70027636 - 2005 - Phosphorus component in AnnAGNPS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027636","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3626,"text":"Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphorus component in AnnAGNPS","docAbstract":"The USDA Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution model (AnnAGNPS) has been developed to aid in evaluation of watershed response to agricultural management practices. Previous studies have demonstrated the capability of the model to simulate runoff and sediment, but not phosphorus (P). The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the performance of AnnAGNPS on P simulation using comparisons with measurements from the Deep Hollow watershed of the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Area (MDMSEA) project. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify input parameters whose impact is the greatest on P yields. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that the most sensitive variables of those selected are initial soil P contents, P application rate, and plant P uptake. AnnAGNPS simulations of dissolved P yield do not agree well with observed dissolved P yield (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency of 0.34, R2 of 0.51, and slope of 0.24); however, AnnAGNPS simulations of total P yield agree well with observed total P yield (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency of 0.85, R2 of 0.88, and slope of 0.83). The difference in dissolved P yield may be attributed to limitations in model simulation of P processes. Uncertainties in input parameter selections also affect the model's performance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00012351","usgsCitation":"Yuan, Y., Bingner, R., Theurer, F., Rebich, R., and Moore, P., 2005, Phosphorus component in AnnAGNPS: Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, v. 48, no. 6, p. 2145-2154.","startPage":"2145","endPage":"2154","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78b5e4b0c8380cd7876d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yuan, Y.","contributorId":90893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bingner, R.L.","contributorId":21346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bingner","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Theurer, F.D.","contributorId":86166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theurer","given":"F.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rebich, R.A.","contributorId":20788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebich","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, P.A.","contributorId":58835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1015294,"text":"1015294 - 2005 - Dating floodplain sediments using tree-ring response to burial","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:14:59","indexId":"1015294","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating floodplain sediments using tree-ring response to burial","docAbstract":"Floodplain sediments can be dated precisely based on the change in anatomy of tree rings upon burial. When a stem of tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) or sandbar willow (Salix exigua) is buried, subsequent annual rings in the buried section resemble the rings of roots: rings become narrower, vessels within the rings become larger, and transitions between rings become less distinct. We combined observations of these changes with tree-ring counts to determine the year of deposition of sedimentary beds exposed in a 150-m-long trench across the floodplain of the Rio Puerco, a rapidly filling arroyo in New Mexico. This method reliably dated most beds thicker than about 30 cm to within a year of deposition. Floodplain aggradation rates varied dramatically through time and space. Sediment deposition was mostly limited to brief overbank flows occurring every few years. The most rapid deposition occurred on channel-margin levees, which migrated laterally during channel narrowing. At the decadal timescale, the cross-section-average sediment deposition rate was steady, but there was a shift in the spatial pattern of deposition in the 1980s. From 1936 to 1986, sediment deposition occurred by channel narrowing, with little change in elevation of the thalweg. After 1986 sediment deposition occurred by vertical aggradation. From 1936 to 2000 about 27 per cent of the arroyo cross-section filled with sediment. The rate of filling from 1962 to 2000 was 0·8 vertical m/decade or 85 m2/decade.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.1263","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J.M., Vincent, K., and Shafroth, P., 2005, Dating floodplain sediments using tree-ring response to burial: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 30, no. 9, p. 1077-1091, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1263.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1077","endPage":"1091","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672983","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vincent, K.R.","contributorId":42563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vincent","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027671,"text":"70027671 - 2005 - Walrus foraging marks on the seafloor in Bristol Bay, Alaska: A reconnaissance survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:50:51","indexId":"70027671","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Walrus foraging marks on the seafloor in Bristol Bay, Alaska: A reconnaissance survey","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance sidescan sonar survey in Bristol Bay, Alaska revealed extensive areas of seafloor with features related to walrus foraging. They are similar to those seen in areas such as the outer Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. Two types of feature were observed: (a) small (≪1 m diameter) shallow pits, often in clusters ranging in density from 5 pits per hectare to 35 pits per hectare; and, (b) more abundant, narrow, sinuous furrows, typically 5 to 10 m long with some reaching 20 m or more. Most foraging marks were in less than 60 m water depth in areas of sandy seafloor that were smooth, hummocky or characterized by degraded bedforms; the absence of foraging marks in other areas may be related, in part, to their more dynamic nature. The distribution of foraging marks was consistent in a general way with walrus locations from satellite telemetry studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00367-004-0205-y","usgsCitation":"Bornhold, B.D., Jay, C.V., McConnaughey, R., Rathwell, G., Rhynas, K., and Collins, W., 2005, Walrus foraging marks on the seafloor in Bristol Bay, Alaska: A reconnaissance survey: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 25, no. 5, p. 293-299, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-004-0205-y.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"299","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bristol Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.6416015625,\n 56.18225387824831\n ],\n [\n -156.5771484375,\n 56.18225387824831\n ],\n [\n -156.5771484375,\n 59.65109171169264\n ],\n [\n -162.6416015625,\n 59.65109171169264\n ],\n [\n -162.6416015625,\n 56.18225387824831\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3c2e4b08c986b32b381","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bornhold, Brian D.","contributorId":18311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bornhold","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McConnaughey, Robert","contributorId":124591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McConnaughey","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rathwell, Glenda","contributorId":194358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathwell","given":"Glenda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rhynas, Karl","contributorId":32466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhynas","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collins, William","contributorId":50146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027358,"text":"70027358 - 2005 - Ground penetrating radar antenna system analysis for prediction of earth material properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027358","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground penetrating radar antenna system analysis for prediction of earth material properties","docAbstract":"The electrical properties of the ground directly beneath a ground penetrating radar (GPR) antenna very close to the earth's surface (ground-coupled) must be known in order to predict the antenna response. In order to investigate changing antenna response with varying ground properties, a series of finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations were made for a bi-static (fixed horizontal offset between transmitting and receiving antennas) antenna array over a homogeneous ground. We examine the viability of using an inversion algorithm based on the simulated received waveforms to estimate the material properties of the earth near the antennas. Our analysis shows that, for a constant antenna height above the earth, the amplitude of certain frequencies in the received signal can be used to invert for the permittivity and conductivity of the ground. Once the antenna response is known, then the wave field near the antenna can be determined and sharper images of the subsurface near the antenna can be made. ?? 2005 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest)","conferenceTitle":"2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI Meeting","conferenceDate":"3 July 2005 through 8 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/APS.2005.1552436","issn":"15223965","isbn":"0780388836; 9780780388833","usgsCitation":"Oden, C., Wright, D., Powers, M., and Olhoeft, G., 2005, Ground penetrating radar antenna system analysis for prediction of earth material properties, in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest), v. 3 B, Washington, DC, 3 July 2005 through 8 July 2005, p. 76-79, https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2005.1552436.","startPage":"76","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/APS.2005.1552436"},{"id":238153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a9ce4b0c8380cd5b2f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oden, C.P.","contributorId":13413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powers, M.H.","contributorId":40352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olhoeft, G.","contributorId":35114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olhoeft","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027637,"text":"70027637 - 2005 - Geophysical evidence for wedging in the San Gorgonio Pass structural knot, southern San Andreas fault zone, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027637","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical evidence for wedging in the San Gorgonio Pass structural knot, southern San Andreas fault zone, southern California","docAbstract":"Geophysical data and surface geology define intertonguing thrust wedges that form the upper crust in the San Gorgonio Pass region. This picture serves as the basis for inferring past fault movements within the San Andreas system, which are fundamental to understanding the tectonic evolution of the San Gorgonio Pass region. Interpretation of gravity data indicates that sedimentary rocks have been thrust at least 5 km in the central part of San Gorgonio Pass beneath basement rocks of the southeast San Bernardino Mountains. Subtle, long-wavelength magnetic anomalies indicate that a magnetic body extends in the subsurface north of San Gorgonio Pass and south under Peninsular Ranges basement, and has a southern edge that is roughly parallel to, but 5-6 km south of, the surface trace of the Banning fault. This deep magnetic body is composed either of upper-plate rocks of San Gabriel Mountains basement or rocks of San Bernardino Mountains basement or both. We suggest that transpression across the San Gorgonio Pass region drove a wedge of Peninsular Ranges basement and its overlying sedimentary cover northward into the San Bernardino Mountains during the Neogene, offsetting the Banning fault at shallow depth. Average rates of convergence implied by this offset are broadly consistent with estimates of convergence from other geologic and geodetic data. Seismicity suggests a deeper detachment surface beneath the deep magnetic body. This interpretation suggests that the fault mapped at the surface evolved not only in map but also in cross-sectional view. Given the multilayered nature of deformation, it is unlikely that the San Andreas fault will rupture cleanly through the complex structures in San Gorgonio Pass. ?? 2005 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25760.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Matti, J.C., Hauksson, E., Morton, D.M., and Christensen, A., 2005, Geophysical evidence for wedging in the San Gorgonio Pass structural knot, southern San Andreas fault zone, southern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 11-12, p. 1554-1572, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25760.1.","startPage":"1554","endPage":"1572","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211226,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25760.1"},{"id":238459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2821e4b0c8380cd59e75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":414511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matti, J. C.","contributorId":51712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hauksson, E.","contributorId":10932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauksson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morton, D. M.","contributorId":54608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christensen, A.","contributorId":66310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}