Locally, voluminous andesitic volcanism both preceded and followed large eruptions of silicic ash-flow tuff from many calderas in the San Juan volcanic field. The most voluminous post-collapse lava suite of the central San Juan caldera cluster is the 28 Ma Huerto Andesite, a diverse assemblage erupted from at least 5–6 volcanic centres that were active around the southern margins of the La Garita caldera shortly after eruption of the Fish Canyon Tuff. These andesitic centres are inferred, in part, to represent eruptions of magma that ponded and differentiated within the crust below the La Garita caldera, thereby providing the thermal energy necessary for rejuvenation and remobilization of the Fish Canyon magma body. The multiple Huerto eruptive centres produced two magmatic series that differ in phenocryst mineralogy (hydrous vs anhydrous assemblages), whole-rock major and trace element chemistry and isotopic compositions. Hornblende-bearing lavas from three volcanic centres located close to the southeastern margin of the La Garita caldera (Eagle Mountain–Fourmile Creek, West Fork of the San Juan River, Table Mountain) define a high-K calc-alkaline series (57–65 wt % SiO2) that is oxidized, hydrous and sulphur rich. Trachyandesitic lavas from widely separated centres at Baldy Mountain–Red Lake (western margin), Sugarloaf Mountain (southern margin) and Ribbon Mesa (20 km east of the La Garita caldera) are mutually indistinguishable (55–61 wt % SiO2); they are characterized by higher and more variable concentrations of alkalis and many incompatible trace elements (e.g. Zr, Nb, heavy rare earth elements), and they contain anhydrous phenocryst assemblages (including olivine). These mildly alkaline magmas were less water rich and oxidized than the hornblende-bearing calc-alkaline suite. The same distinctions characterize the voluminous precaldera andesitic lavas of the Conejos Formation, indicating that these contrasting suites are long-term manifestations of San Juan volcanism. The favoured model for their origin involves contrasting ascent paths and differentiation histories through crustal columns with different thermal and density gradients. Magmas ascending into the main focus of the La Garita caldera were impeded, and they evolved at greater depths, retaining more of their primary volatile load. This model is supported by systematic differences in isotopic compositions suggestive of crust–magma interactions with contrasting lithologies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egi003","usgsCitation":"Parat, F., Dungan, M., and Lipman, P.W., 2005, Contemporaneous trachyandesitic and calc-alkaline volcanism of the Huerto Andesite, San Juan Volcanic Field, Colorado, USA: Journal of Petrology, v. 46, no. 5, p. 859-891, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egi003.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"891","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egi003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.81749343872069,\n 37.87647939392142\n ],\n [\n -106.72033309936523,\n 37.87647939392142\n ],\n [\n -106.72033309936523,\n 37.9202324180525\n ],\n [\n -106.81749343872069,\n 37.9202324180525\n ],\n [\n -106.81749343872069,\n 37.87647939392142\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa4be4b0c8380cd4da15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parat, F.","contributorId":72203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parat","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dungan, M.A.","contributorId":36304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dungan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027650,"text":"70027650 - 2005 - Factors affecting plant diversity during post-fire recovery and succession of mediterranean-climate shrublands in California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027650","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting plant diversity during post-fire recovery and succession of mediterranean-climate shrublands in California, USA","docAbstract":"Plant community diversity, measured as species richness, is typically highest in the early post-fire years in California shrublands. However, this generalization is overly simplistic and the present study demonstrates that diversity is determined by a complex of temporal and spatial effects. Ninety sites distributed across southern California were studied for 5 years after a series of fires. Characteristics of the disturbance event, in this case fire severity, can alter post-fire diversity, both decreasing and increasing diversity, depending on life form. Spatial variability in resource availability is an important factor explaining patterns of diversity, and there is a complex interaction between landscape features and life form. Temporal variability in resource availability affects diversity, and the diversity peak in the immediate post-fire year (or two) appears to be driven by factors different from subsequent diversity peaks. Early post-fire diversity is influenced by life-history specialization, illustrated by species that spend the bulk of their life cycle as a dormant seed bank, which is then triggered to germinate by fire. Resource fluctuations, precipitation in particular, may be associated with subsequent post-fire diversity peaks. These later peaks in diversity comprise a flora that is compositionally different from the immediate post-fire flora, and their presence may be due to mass effects from population expansion of local populations in adjacent burned areas. ?? 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00200.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., Fotheringham, C.J., and Baer-Keeley, M., 2005, Factors affecting plant diversity during post-fire recovery and succession of mediterranean-climate shrublands in California, USA: Diversity and Distributions, v. 11, no. 6, p. 525-537, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00200.x.","startPage":"525","endPage":"537","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210978,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00200.x"},{"id":238097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ea5e4b0c8380cd53560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fotheringham, C. J.","contributorId":63334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fotheringham","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baer-Keeley, M.","contributorId":7239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baer-Keeley","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027392,"text":"70027392 - 2005 - Comparison of sediment grain size characteristics on nourished and un-nourished estuarine beaches and impacts on horseshoe crab habitat, Delaware Bay, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027392","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3804,"text":"Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of sediment grain size characteristics on nourished and un-nourished estuarine beaches and impacts on horseshoe crab habitat, Delaware Bay, New Jersey","docAbstract":"This study was undertaken to determine whether nourished and un-nourished estuarine beaches have conspicuous differences in sediment size and sorting that could affect their value as habitat for horseshoe crabs. Comparisons are made of beach profiles and sediment samples gathered at 0.15 m and 0.30 m depths on the backshore, at spring tide elevation, neap tide elevation, and the lower foreshore on 5 un-nourished and 3 nourished beaches in Delaware Bay, where tidal range is <2.0 m. The backshore is at least 0.5 m higher on the recently nourished beaches than on a nearby un-nourished beach reworked by storm waves. Nourishing these beaches to elevations higher than natural overwash heights will restrict natural evolution of the upper beach. Sediments at spring tide elevation on un-nourished sites average 0.72 mm in diameter at 0.15 m depth and 0.67 mm at 0.30 m depth.The similarity in size implies a relatively deep active layer in the zone of maximum cut and fill associated with cyclic profile change during low frequency, high magnitude storms. Sedimentary changes at neap tide elevation may be influenced more by depth of activation by waves than by cycles of deposition and erosion. Sediment at 0.15 m depth at spring and neap locations on the foreshore of nourished beaches is finer (0.51 mm) and better sorted (0.82 phi) than at 0.30 m depth (0.91 mm, 1.38 phi), implying that waves have not reworked the deeper sediments. Differences in sediment characteristics at depth may persist on eroding nourished beaches, where unreworked fill is close to the surface. Sediment texture influences horseshoe crab egg viability and development. Lower rates of water movement through the foreshore and greater thickness of the capillary fringe on nourished sites suggests that greater moisture retention will occur where horseshoe crabs bury eggs and may provide more favorable conditions for egg development, but the depth of these conditions will not be great on a recently nourished beach. ?? 2005 Gebru??der Borntraeger.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00442798","usgsCitation":"Jackson, N., Smith, D., and Nordstrom, K., 2005, Comparison of sediment grain size characteristics on nourished and un-nourished estuarine beaches and impacts on horseshoe crab habitat, Delaware Bay, New Jersey: Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband, v. 141, p. 31-45.","startPage":"31","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f88ae4b0c8380cd4d18b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, N.L.","contributorId":104189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":413468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, K.F.","contributorId":17733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027694,"text":"70027694 - 2005 - Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T09:25:09","indexId":"70027694","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought","docAbstract":"Future drought is projected to occur under warmer temperature conditions as climate change progresses, referred to here as global-change-type drought, yet quantitative assessments of the triggers and potential extent of drought-induced vegetation die-off remain pivotal uncertainties in assessing climate-change impacts. Of particular concern is regional-scale mortality of overstory trees, which rapidly alters ecosystem type, associated ecosystem properties, and land surface conditions for decades. Here, we quantify regional-scale vegetation die-off across southwestern North American woodlands in 2002-2003 in response to drought and associated bark beetle infestations. At an intensively studied site within the region, we quantified that after 15 months of depleted soil water content, >90% of the dominant, overstory tree species (Pinus edulis, a piñon) died. The die-off was reflected in changes in a remotely sensed index of vegetation greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), not only at the intensively studied site but also across the region, extending over 12,000 km2 or more; aerial and field surveys confirmed the general extent of the die-off. Notably, the recent drought was warmer than the previous subcontinental drought of the 1950s. The limited, available observations suggest that die-off from the recent drought was more extensive than that from the previous drought, extending into wetter sites within the tree species' distribution. Our results quantify a trigger leading to rapid, drought-induced die-off of overstory woody plants at subcontinental scale and highlight the potential for such die-off to be more severe and extensive for future global-change-type drought under warmer conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"United States National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0505734102","usgsCitation":"Breshears, D., Cobb, N., Rich, P., Price, K.P., Allen, C.D., Balice, R., Romme, W., Kastens, J., Floyd, M.L., Belnap, J., Anderson, J.J., Myers, O., and Meyer, C.W., 2005, Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought: PNAS, v. 102, no. 42, p. 15144-15148, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0505734102.","productDescription":"5p.","startPage":"15144","endPage":"15148","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477927,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1250231","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a59ce4b0e8fec6cdbe95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breshears, D.D.","contributorId":17952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":414758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cobb, N.S.","contributorId":66053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rich, P.M.","contributorId":39185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rich","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Price, K. P.","contributorId":16615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Balice, R.G.","contributorId":84149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balice","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Romme, W.H.","contributorId":89307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romme","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kastens, J.H.","contributorId":98530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastens","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Floyd, M. Lisa","contributorId":22569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Floyd","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Anderson, J. J.","contributorId":85620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Myers, O.B.","contributorId":47970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"O.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Meyer, Clifton W.","contributorId":43164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Clifton","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70027332,"text":"70027332 - 2005 - Eradication of invasive Tamarix ramosissima along a desert stream increases native fish density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70027332","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eradication of invasive Tamarix ramosissima along a desert stream increases native fish density","docAbstract":"Spring ecosystems of the western United States have high conservation value, particularly because of the highly endemic, and often endangered, fauna that they support. Refuges now protect these habitats from many of the human impacts that once threatened them, but invasive species often persist. Invasive saltcedar is ubiquitous along streams, rivers, and spring ecosystems of the western United States, yet the impact of saltcedar invasion on these ecosystems, or ecosystem response to its removal, have rarely been quantified. Along Jackrabbit Spring, a springbrook in Nevada that supports populations of two endangered fish (Ash Meadows pupfish and Ash Meadows speckled dace) as well as several exotic aquatic consumers, we quantified the response of aquatic consumers to largescale saltcedar removal and identified the mechanism underlying consumer response to the removal. Clearing saltcedar from the riparian zone increased densities of native pupfish and exotic screw snails, but decreased the density of exotic crayfish. Positive effects of saltcedar removal on pupfish and snails occurred because saltcedar heavily shades the stream, greatly reducing the availability of algae for herbivores. This was confirmed by analyses of potential organic matter sources and consumer 13C: pupfish and snails, along with native dace and exotic mosquitofish, relied heavily on algae-derived carbon and not saltcedar-derived carbon. By contrast, crayfish ??13C values mirrored algae ??13C during summer, but in winter indicated reliance on allochthonous saltcedar litter that dominated organic inputs in saltcedar reaches and on algae-derived carbon where saltcedar was absent. The seasonal use of saltcedar by crayfish likely explains its negative response to saltcedar removal. Clearing saltcedar effectively restored the springbrook of Jackrabbit Spring to the conditions characteristic of native vegetation sites. Given the high conservation value of spring ecosystems and the potential conservation benefits of saltcedar removal that this research highlights, eradicating saltcedar from spring ecosystems of the western United States should clearly be a management priority. ?? 2005 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1161/01.STR.0000183623.28144.32","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, T., Finlay, J., and Hobbie, S., 2005, Eradication of invasive Tamarix ramosissima along a desert stream increases native fish density: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 6, p. 2072-2083, https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000183623.28144.32.","startPage":"2072","endPage":"2083","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209232,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000183623.28144.32"},{"id":235497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a2ee4b0c8380cd5222f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, T.A.","contributorId":86155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finlay, J. C.","contributorId":58057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finlay","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[{"id":13008,"text":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobbie, S.E.","contributorId":26103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobbie","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027651,"text":"70027651 - 2005 - Thermal observations of gas pistoning at Kilauea Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T10:00:37","indexId":"70027651","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal observations of gas pistoning at Kilauea Volcano","docAbstract":"Data acquired by three continuously recording thermal infrared thermometers situated on the north rim of Pu'u'O' o Crater at Kilauea Volcano during 2002 revealed episodes of periodic thermal pulses originating from a degassing vent on the crater floor. These thermal pulses are interpreted as gas release (jetting events) associated with gas pistoning, a mechanism observed previously at both Mauna Ulu and Pu'u'O' o. During a 35-day-long period spanning June and July 2002, gas pistoning was frequently the dominant mode of gas release, with as many as several hundred pulses occurring in uninterrupted series. On other days, degassing alternated between periods of quasi-continuous gas jetting and intervals of gas pistoning that contained a few to a few dozen pulses. Characteristic time intervals between pistoning events ranged from 2 up to 7 min. We identify three types of pistoning. Type 1 involves emission of lava, followed by gas jetting and drain back; type 2 is the same but the elevated position of the vent does not allow postjet drain back; and type 3 involves gas jetting only with no precursory lava flow. To explain gas pistoning, we apply a model whereby a stagnant cap of degassed magma develops in the conduit below the vent. Gas bubbles rise through the magma column and collect under the cap. The collective buoyancy of these bubbles pushes the cap upward. When the cap reaches the surface, it erupts from the vent as a lava flow. Unloading of the conduit magma in this way results in an abrupt pressure drop (i.e., the overburden felt by the bubbles is reduced), causing explosive gas expansion in the form of gas jetting from the vent. This terminates the event and lava drains back into the conduit to start the cycle anew. In the case where there is no surface lava emission or drain back, the cap instead pushes into and spreads out within a subsurface cavity. Again, this unloads the conduit magma and terminates in explosive gas release. Once gas is expelled, lava in the cavity is free to drain back. We hypothesize that pistoning is a stable mode of degassing for low-viscosity basaltic magmas with appropriate conduit geometries and volatile supply rates. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003944","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J., Harris, A., and Hoblitt, R., 2005, Thermal observations of gas pistoning at Kilauea Volcano: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 11, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003944.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211000,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003944"},{"id":238134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.33432006835938,\n 19.264479800497103\n ],\n [\n -155.10223388671875,\n 19.264479800497103\n ],\n [\n -155.10223388671875,\n 19.46141299683288\n ],\n [\n -155.33432006835938,\n 19.46141299683288\n ],\n [\n -155.33432006835938,\n 19.264479800497103\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb24fe4b08c986b3256fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J.B.","contributorId":35107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, A.J.L.","contributorId":82878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A.J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":89536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027386,"text":"70027386 - 2005 - Implications of invasion by Juniperus virginiana on small mammals in the southern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027386","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of invasion by Juniperus virginiana on small mammals in the southern Great Plains","docAbstract":"Changes in landscape cover in the Great Plains are resulting from the range expansion and invasion of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). By altering the landscape and local vegetation, red cedar is changing the structure and function of habitat for small mammals. We examined effects of invasion by eastern red cedar on small mammals in 3 plant communities (tallgrass prairie, old field, and cross-timbers forest) in the cross-timbers ecoregion in Oklahoma. We sampled small mammals seasonally from May 2001 to August 2002 by using Sherman live traps and mark-recapture techniques on 3.24-ha, 450-trap grids in each plant community. We sampled vegetation in two hundred twenty-five 12 x 12-m cells within each grid. The structure of the small-mammal community differed among the 3 habitat types, with higher species diversity and richness in the tallgrass-prairie and old-field sites. Overall, the small-mammal community shifted along a gradient of increasing eastern red cedar. In the old-field and tallgrass-prairie plots, occurrence of grassland mammals decreased with increasing red cedar, whereas only 1 woodland mammal species increased. In the cross-timbers forest site, percent woody cover (<1 m in height), rather than cover of red cedar, was the most important factor affecting woodland mammal species. Examination of our data suggests that an increase in overstory cover from 0% to 30% red cedar can change a species-rich prairie community to a depauperate community dominated by 1 species, Peromyscus leucopus. Losses in species diversity and changes in mammal distribution paralleled those seen in avian communities invaded by eastern red cedar. Our results highlight ecological effects of invasion by eastern red cedar on diversity and function at multiple trophic levels. ?? 2005 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/05-MAMM-A-015R1.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Horncastle, V., Hellgren, E.C., Mayer, P., Ganguli, A., Engle, D.M., and Leslie, D., 2005, Implications of invasion by Juniperus virginiana on small mammals in the southern Great Plains: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 86, no. 6, p. 1144-1155, https://doi.org/10.1644/05-MAMM-A-015R1.1.","startPage":"1144","endPage":"1155","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210926,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/05-MAMM-A-015R1.1"},{"id":238008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3926e4b0c8380cd61805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horncastle, V.J.","contributorId":24536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horncastle","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hellgren, E. C.","contributorId":40327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hellgren","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, P.M.","contributorId":42001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ganguli, A.C.","contributorId":20145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganguli","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engle, David M.","contributorId":97225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027609,"text":"70027609 - 2005 - The historical development of the magnetic method in exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-16T04:55:27","indexId":"70027609","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The historical development of the magnetic method in exploration","docAbstract":"The magnetic method, perhaps the oldest of geophysical exploration techniques, blossomed after the advent of airborne surveys in World War II. With improvements in instrumentation, navigation, and platform compensation, it is now possible to map the entire crustal section at a variety of scales, from strongly magnetic basement at regional scale to weakly magnetic sedimentary contacts at local scale. Methods of data filtering, display, and interpretation have also advanced, especially with the availability of low-cost, high-performance personal computers and color raster graphics. The magnetic method is the primary exploration tool in the search for minerals. In other arenas, the magnetic method has evolved from its sole use for mapping basement structure to include a wide range of new applications, such as locating intrasedimentary faults, defining subtle lithologic contacts, mapping salt domes in weakly magnetic sediments, and better defining targets through 3D inversion. These new applications have increased the method's utility in all realms of exploration - in the search for minerals, oil and gas, geothermal resources, and groundwater, and for a variety of other purposes such as natural hazards assessment, mapping impact structures, and engineering and environmental studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.2133784","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Nabighian, M., Grauch, V.J., Hansen, R.O., LaFehr, T., Li, Y., Peirce, J., Phillips, J., and Ruder, M., 2005, The historical development of the magnetic method in exploration: Geophysics, v. 70, no. 6, p. 33ND-61ND, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2133784.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"33ND","endPage":"61ND","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacbae4b08c986b3236ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nabighian, M.N.","contributorId":62724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, R. O.","contributorId":29201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaFehr, T.R.","contributorId":16641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaFehr","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peirce, J.W.","contributorId":21756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peirce","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ruder, M.E.","contributorId":55634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruder","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70027356,"text":"70027356 - 2005 - A regional view of urban sedimentary basins in Northern California based on oil industry compressional-wave velocity and density logs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70027356","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A regional view of urban sedimentary basins in Northern California based on oil industry compressional-wave velocity and density logs","docAbstract":"Compressional-wave (sonic) and density logs from 119 oil test wells provide knowledge of the physical properties and impedance contrasts within urban sedimentary basins in northern California, which is needed to better understand basin amplification. These wire-line logs provide estimates of sonic velocities and densities for primarily Upper Cretaceous to Pliocene clastic rocks between 0.1 - and 5.6-km depth to an average depth of 1.8 km. Regional differences in the sonic velocities and densities in these basins largely 1reflect variations in the lithology, depth of burial, porosity, and grain size of the strata, but not necessarily formation age. For example, Miocene basin filling strata west of the Calaveras Fault exhibit higher sonic velocities and densities than older but finer-grained and/or higher-porosity rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Great Valley Sequence. As another example, hard Eocene sandstones west of the San Andreas Fault have much higher impedances than Eocene strata, mainly higher-porosity sandstones and shales, located to the east of this fault, and approach those expected for Franciscan Complex basement rocks. Basement penetrations define large impedence contrasts at the sediment/basement contact along the margins of several basins, where Quaternary, Pliocene, and even Miocene deposits directly overlie Franciscan or Salinian basement rocks at depths as much as 1.7 km. In contrast, in the deepest, geographic centers of the basins, such logs exhibit only a modest impedance contrast at the sediment/basement contact at depths exceeding 2 km. Prominent (up to 1 km/sec) and thick (up to several hundred meters) velocity and density reversals in the logs refute the common assumption that velocities and densities increase monotonically with depth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050025","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., 2005, A regional view of urban sedimentary basins in Northern California based on oil industry compressional-wave velocity and density logs: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 6, p. 2093-2114, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050025.","startPage":"2093","endPage":"2114","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209058,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050025"},{"id":235243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e543e4b0c8380cd46c4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015257,"text":"1015257 - 2005 - Characterizing flow regimes for floodplain forest conservation: An assessment of factors affecting sapling growth and survivorship on three cold desert rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T13:03:01","indexId":"1015257","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing flow regimes for floodplain forest conservation: An assessment of factors affecting sapling growth and survivorship on three cold desert rivers","docAbstract":"I analyzed annual height growth and survivorship of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii S. Watson) saplings on three floodplains in Colorado and Utah to assess responses to interannual variation in flow regime and summer precipitation. Mammal exclosures, supplemented with an insecticide treatment at one site, were used to assess flow regime herbivore interactions. Multiple regression analyses on data collected over 711 years indicated that growth of continuously injury-free saplings was positively related to either peak discharge or the maximum 30-day discharge but was not related to interannual decline in the late-summer river stage (ΔWMIN) or precipitation. Growth was fastest where ΔWMIN was smallest and depth to the late-summer water table moderate (≤1.5 m). Survivorship increased with ΔWMIN where the water table was at shallow depths. Herbivory reduced long-term height growth and survivorship by up to 60% and 50%, respectively. The results support the concept that flow history and environmental context determine whether a particular flow will have a net positive or negative influence on growth and survivorship and suggest that the flow regime that best promotes sapling growth and survival along managed rivers features a short spring flood pulse and constant base flow, with no interannual variation in the hydrograph. Because environmental contexts vary, interannual variation may be necessary for best overall stand performance.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/x05-203","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., 2005, Characterizing flow regimes for floodplain forest conservation: An assessment of factors affecting sapling growth and survivorship on three cold desert rivers: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 35, no. 12, p. 2886-2899, https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-203.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2886","endPage":"2899","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4cd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53172,"text":"pp1680 - 2005 - A surficial hydrogeologic framework for the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T20:54:06.634555","indexId":"pp1680","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1680","displayTitle":"A Surficial Hydrogeologic Framework for the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain","title":"A surficial hydrogeologic framework for the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"A surficial hydrogeologic framework was developed for the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, from New Jersey through North Carolina. The framework includes seven distinct hydrogeologic subregions within which the primary natural physical factors affecting the flow and chemistry of shallow ground water and small streams are relatively consistent. Within most subregions, the transport of chemicals from the land surface to ground water and streams can be described by a fairly uniform set of natural processes; some subregions include mixed hydrogeologic settings that are indistinguishable at the regional scale. The hydrogeologic framework and accompanying physiographic and geologic delineations are presented in digital and printed format.
The seven hydrogeologic subregions that constitute the framework were delineated primarily on the basis of physiography and the predominant texture (typical grain size) of surficial and (where surficial sediments are particularly thin) subcropping sediments. Physiography for the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain was constructed by standardizing and extrapolating previously published interpretations for the Coastal Plain of South Carolina and New Jersey, based on similar work in the other States. Surficial and subcropping geology were similarly compiled from previous publications by resolving inconsistencies in nomenclature, interpretation, and scale, and interpolating across unmapped areas. A bulk sediment texture was determined for each mapped geologic unit on the basis of published descriptions.
Fundamental differences among the seven hydrogeologic subregions are described on the basis of hypotheses about surficial and shallow subsurface hydrology and water chemistry in each, as well as variable land use, soils, and topography. On the regional scale, the Coastal Lowlands (Subregion 1), the Middle Coastal Plain - Fine Sediments (Subregion 3), the Middle Coastal Plain - Sands with Overlying Gravels (Subregion 4), and the Inner Coastal Plain - Upland Sands and Gravels (Subregion 5) are relatively homogeneous in terms of hydrogeology, although an examination of results from small-scale studies within the Coastal Plain demonstrates that even these areas are quite variable, locally. Moderate topographic relief and primarily permeable surficial sediments promote good drainage of the land surface in Subregion 4, for example, but drainage is commonly poor in the Coastal Lowlands (Subregion 1) due to flat topography and low elevations. Agriculture is common in both subregions, although artificial drainage is typically required to support cultivation in Subregion 1. Important physiographic differences are evident among the remaining three subregions, although sediment textures within the Middle Coastal Plain - Mixed Sediment Texture (Subregion 2), the Inner Coastal Plain - Dissected Outcrop Belt (Subregion 6), and the Alluvial and Estuarine Valleys (Subregion 7) are variable even at the regional scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1680","isbn":"0607957461","usgsCitation":"Ator, S.W., Denver, J., Krantz, D.E., Newell, W., and Martucci, S.K., 2005, A surficial hydrogeologic framework for the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1680, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1680.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":87128,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1680/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1680"},{"id":174235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1680/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":398352,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83500.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.1123046875,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -78.1787109375,\n 33.687781758439364\n ],\n [\n -76.3330078125,\n 34.84987503195418\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -74.00390625,\n 40.413496049701955\n ],\n [\n -74.3994140625,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -76.552734375,\n 39.50404070558415\n ],\n [\n -77.0361328125,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -77.3876953125,\n 35.71083783530009\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -80.1123046875,\n 35.02999636902566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
522 Research Park Drive
Catonsville, MD 21228
No abstract available.
Recent decades have seen substantial changes in fish assemblages in rivers of peninsular Florida. The most striking change has involved the addition of nonnative fishes, including taxa from Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. I review recent and historical records of fishes occurring in the Kissimmee River basin (7,800 km2), a low-gradient drainage with 47 extant native fishes (one possibly the result of an early transplant), at least 7 foreign fishes (most of which are widely established), and a stocked hybrid. Kissimmee assemblages include fewer marine fishes than the nearby Peace and Caloosahatchee rivers, and fewer introduced foreign fishes than south Florida canals. Fish assemblages of the Kissimmee and other subtropical Florida rivers are dynamic, due to new introductions, range expansions of nonnative fishes already present, and periodic declines in nonnative fish populations during occasional harsh winters. The addition, dispersal, and abundance of nonnative fishes in the basin is linked to many factors, including habitat disturbance, a subtropical climate, and the fact that the basin is centrally located in a region where drainage boundaries are blurred and introductions of foreign fishes commonplace. The first appearance of foreign fishes in the basin coincided with the complete channelization of the Kissimmee River in the 1970s. Although not a causal factor, artificial waterways connecting the upper lakes and channelization of the Kissimmee River have facilitated dispersal. With one possible exception, there have been no basin-wide losses of native fishes. When assessing change in peninsular Florida waters, extinction or extirpation of fishes appears to be a poor measure of impact. No endemic species are known from peninsular Florida (although some endemic subspecies have been noted). Most native freshwater fishes are themselves descended from recent invaders that reached the peninsula from the main continent. These invasions likely were associated with major fluctuations in sea level since the original mid-Oligocene emergence of the Florida Platform. As opportunistic invaders, most native freshwater fishes in peninsular Florida are resilient, widespread, and common. At this early stage, it is not possible to predict the long-term consequences caused by the introduction of foreign fishes. We know a few details about the unusual trophic roles and other aspects of the life histories of certain nonnatives. Still, the ecological outcome may take decades to unfold.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Historical changes in large river fish assemblages of the Americas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Nico, L., 2005, Changes in the fish fauna of the Kissimmee River basin, peninsular Florida: Nonnative additions: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2005, no. 45, p. 523-556.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"556","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/shop/x54045xm"}],"volume":"2005","issue":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f430e4b0c8380cd4bbc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015296,"text":"1015296 - 2005 - Westward expansion of the tawny-bellied cotton rat (Sigmodon fulviventer) in west-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T10:44:05","indexId":"1015296","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Westward expansion of the tawny-bellied cotton rat (Sigmodon fulviventer) in west-central New Mexico","title":"Westward expansion of the tawny-bellied cotton rat (Sigmodon fulviventer) in west-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"In New Mexico, the tawny-bellied cotton rat (Sigmodon fulviventer) previously was known only from central and southwestern parts of the state. In central New Mexico, most records were from areas of tall grass and marshes associated with the middle Rio Grande valley. In 2003, we discovered S. fulviventer in grassy and marshy habitats >100 km west of the Rio Grande in west-central New Mexico. Because past surveys in this region did not report captures of Sigmodon, we suspect our distributional records represent recent westward expansion of S. fulviventer in the state.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0273:WEOTTC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Geluso, K., Hoffman, J.D., Ashe, V., White, J., and Bogan, M., 2005, Westward expansion of the tawny-bellied cotton rat (Sigmodon fulviventer) in west-central New Mexico: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 50, no. 2, p. 274-277, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0273:WEOTTC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"277","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e49ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geluso, Keith","contributorId":94637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geluso","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, J. D.","contributorId":8419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ashe, V.A.","contributorId":40942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashe","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, J.A.","contributorId":75109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bogan, M.A.","contributorId":17939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027358,"text":"70027358 - 2005 - Ground penetrating radar antenna system analysis for prediction of earth material properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027358","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground penetrating radar antenna system analysis for prediction of earth material properties","docAbstract":"The electrical properties of the ground directly beneath a ground penetrating radar (GPR) antenna very close to the earth's surface (ground-coupled) must be known in order to predict the antenna response. In order to investigate changing antenna response with varying ground properties, a series of finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations were made for a bi-static (fixed horizontal offset between transmitting and receiving antennas) antenna array over a homogeneous ground. We examine the viability of using an inversion algorithm based on the simulated received waveforms to estimate the material properties of the earth near the antennas. Our analysis shows that, for a constant antenna height above the earth, the amplitude of certain frequencies in the received signal can be used to invert for the permittivity and conductivity of the ground. Once the antenna response is known, then the wave field near the antenna can be determined and sharper images of the subsurface near the antenna can be made. ?? 2005 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest)","conferenceTitle":"2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI Meeting","conferenceDate":"3 July 2005 through 8 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/APS.2005.1552436","issn":"15223965","isbn":"0780388836; 9780780388833","usgsCitation":"Oden, C., Wright, D., Powers, M., and Olhoeft, G., 2005, Ground penetrating radar antenna system analysis for prediction of earth material properties, in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest), v. 3 B, Washington, DC, 3 July 2005 through 8 July 2005, p. 76-79, https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2005.1552436.","startPage":"76","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/APS.2005.1552436"},{"id":238153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a9ce4b0c8380cd5b2f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oden, C.P.","contributorId":13413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powers, M.H.","contributorId":40352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olhoeft, G.","contributorId":35114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olhoeft","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027378,"text":"70027378 - 2005 - Relationships of elevation, channel slope, and stream width to occurrences of native fishes at the Great Plains-Rocky Mountains interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T13:36:59.236359","indexId":"70027378","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships of elevation, channel slope, and stream width to occurrences of native fishes at the Great Plains-Rocky Mountains interface","docAbstract":"Environmental gradients occur with upstream progression from plains to mountains and affect the occurrence of native warmwater fish species, but the relative importance of various environmental gradients are not defined. We assessed the relative influences of elevation, channel slope, and stream width on the occurrences of 15 native warmwater fish species among 152 reaches scattered across the North Platte River drainage of Wyoming at the interface of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains. Most species were collected in reaches that were lower in elevation, had lower channel slopes, and were wider than the medians of the 152 sampled reaches. Several species occurred over a relatively narrow range of elevation, channel slope, or stream width among the sampled reaches, but the distributions of some species appeared to extend beyond the ranges of the sampled reaches. We identified competing logistic-regression models that accounted for the occurrence of individual species using the information-theoretic approach. Linear logistic-regression models accounted for patterns in the data better than curvilinear models for all species. The highest ranked models included channel slope for seven species, elevation for six species, stream width for one species, and both channel slope and stream width for one species. Our results suggest that different environmental gradients may affect upstream boundaries of different fish species at the interface of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains in Wyoming.
During 1996-1997, water samples were collected from five sites in the Yazoo River Basin and analysed for 14 herbicides and nine degradates. These included acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, fluometuron, metolachlor, metribuzin, molinate, norflurazon, prometryn, propanil, propazine, simazine, trifluralin, three degradates of fluometuron, two degradates of atrazine, one degradate of cyanazine, norflurazon, prometryn, and propanil. Fluxes generally were higher in 1997 than in 1996 due to a greater rainfall in 1997 than 1996. Fluxes were much larger from streams in the alluvial plain (an area of very productive farmland) than from the Skuna River in the bluff hills (an area of small farms, pasture, and forest). Adding the flux of the atrazine degradates to the atrazine flux increased the total atrazine flux by an average of 14.5%. The fluometuron degradates added about 10% to the total fluometuron flux, and adding the norflurazon degradate flux to the norflurazon flux increased the flux by 82% in 1996 and by 171% in 1997.