{"pageNumber":"258","pageRowStart":"6425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11360,"records":[{"id":70182209,"text":"70182209 - 1992 - Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:44:47","indexId":"70182209","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sea Otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>), well documented as \"keystone\" predators in rocky marine communities, were found to exert a strong influence on infaunal prey communities in soft-sediment habitats. Direct and indirect effects of sea otter predation on subtidal soft-bottom prey communities were evaluated along a temporal gradient of sea otter occupancy around the Kodiak Archipelago. The results indicate that Kodiak otters forage primarily on bivalve prey and dramatically reduce infaunal bivalve and green sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis</i>) prey populations. Bivalve prey abundance, biomass, and size were inversely related to duration of sea otter occupancy. The relative conditions of shells discarded by otters in shallow (&lt;10 m) vs. deep (&gt; 20 m) water at the same sites indicate that otters first exploited <i>Saxidomus</i> in shallow-water feeding areas, and later switched to <i>Macoma</i> spp. in deeper water. Otter-cracked shells of the deep-burrowing clam <i>Tresus capax</i> were rarely found, even at otter foraging sites where the clam accounted for the majority of available prey biomass, suggesting that it has a partial depth refuge from otter predation. The indirect effects of otter predation included substratum disturbance and the facilitation of sea star predation on infaunal prey. Sea stars, <i>Pycnopodia helianthoides</i>, were attracted to experimentally dug excavations as well as natural sea otter foraging pits, where the sea stars foraged on smaller size classes of infaunal bivalves than those eaten by otters. Otters also discard clam shells on the sediment surface and expose old, buried shells during excavation. Surface shells were found to provide attachment sites for large anemones and kelp. Our study shows that sea otters can affect soft-sediment communities, not only through predation, as in rocky habitats, but also through disturbance, and thus retain a high degree of influence in two very different habitat types.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/1940749","usgsCitation":"Kvitek, R., Oliver, J., DeGange, A., and Anderson, B., 1992, Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation: Ecology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 413-428, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940749.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"428","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Archipelago","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.19384765624997,\n              58.19966110122876\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.29248046875,\n              58.78528524510292\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.698974609375,\n              58.77959115030064\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.6767578125,\n              58.257507589081605\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.028076171875,\n              57.468589192089354\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24780273437497,\n              56.23724470041031\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.2919921875,\n              56.15166933290848\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.951904296875,\n              57.33838126552897\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.19384765624997,\n              58.19966110122876\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5ff1e4b01ccd54f8b589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvitek, R.G.","contributorId":36384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oliver, J.S.","contributorId":17073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeGange, A.R.","contributorId":52105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, B.S.","contributorId":181917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016152,"text":"70016152 - 1992 - The study of the undiscovered mineral resources of the Tongass National Forest and adjacent lands, Southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70016152","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The study of the undiscovered mineral resources of the Tongass National Forest and adjacent lands, Southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"The quantitative probabilistic assessment of the undiscovered mineral resources of the 17.1-million-acre Tongass National Forest (the largest in the United States) and its adjacent lands is a nonaggregated, mineral-resource-tract-oriented assessment designed for land-planning purposes. As such, it includes the renewed use of gross-in-place values (GIPV's) in dollars of the estimated amounts of metal contained in the undiscovered resources as a measure for land-use planning. Southeastern Alaska is geologically complex and contains a wide variety of known mineral deposits, some of which have produced important amounts of metals during the past 100 years. Regional geological, economic geological, geochemical, geophysical, and mineral exploration history information for the region was integrated to define 124 tracts likely to contain undiscovered mineral resources. Some tracts were judged to contain more than one type of mineral deposit. Each type of deposit may contain one or more metallic elements of economic interest. For tracts where information was sufficient, the minimum number of as-yet-undiscovered deposits of each type was estimated at probability levels of 0.95, 0.90, 0.50, 0.10, and 0.05. The undiscovered mineral resources of the individual tracts were estimated using the U.S. Geological Survey's MARK3 mineral-resource endowment simulator; those estimates were used to calculate GIPV's for the individual tracts. Those GIPV's were aggregated to estimate the value of the undiscovered mineral resources of southeastern Alaska. The aggregated GIPV of the estimates is $40.9 billion. Analysis of this study indicates that (1) there is only a crude positive correlation between the size of individual tracts and their mean GIPV's: and (2) the number of mineral-deposit types in a tract does not dominate the GIPV's of the tracts, but the inferred presence of synorogenic-synvolcanic nickel-copper, porphyry copper skarn-related, iron skarn, and porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits does. The influence of this study on the U.S. Forest Service planning process is yet to be determined. ?? 1992 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01782695","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Brew, D.A., Drew, L., and Ludington, S.D., 1992, The study of the undiscovered mineral resources of the Tongass National Forest and adjacent lands, Southeastern Alaska: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 1, no. 4, p. 303-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01782695.","startPage":"303","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205325,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782695"},{"id":222993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb0a1e4b08c986b324f9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludington, S. D.","contributorId":80682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"S.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186745,"text":"70186745 - 1992 - Antipredator strategies in breeding Bristle-thighed Curlews","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T08:55:35","indexId":"70186745","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antipredator strategies in breeding Bristle-thighed Curlews","docAbstract":"<p><span>Each fall the world’s breeding population of Bristle-thighed Curlews (</span><i>Numenius tahitiensis</i><span>) arrives on the central Pacific wintering grounds following a migration that entails a non- stop flight of over 5000 kilometers. Sun-drenched, palm-shrouded atolls will be their home for the ensuing eight months. Even in the avian world, however, such apparent&nbsp;luxury is not without costs. For the Bristle-thighed Curlew these costs are incurred on the breeding grounds. From the time they arrive there in early May until they depart again for the wintering grounds in August and September, curlews are exposed to a host of predators. Gyrfalcons (</span><i>Falco rusticolus</i><span>), Golden Eagles (</span><i>Aquila chrysaetos</i><span>), Rough-legged Hawks (</span><i>Buteo</i> <i>lagopus</i><span>), Northern Harriers (</span><i>Circus cyaneus</i><span>), Parasitic Jaegers (</span><i>Stercorarius parasiticus</i><span>), Short-eared Owls (</span><i>Asio flammeus</i><span>), Common Ravens (</span><i>Corvus corax</i><span>) and Red Foxes (</span><i>Vulpes vulpes</i><span>) are potential predators of curlews and their offspring. To combat these threats, the Bristle-thighed Curlew has evolved an elaborate suite of antipredator defenses. Depending on the threat and the phase of the breeding cycle, Bristle-thighed Curlews may respond to potential predators by fleeing or flocking, by camouflage or combat. Given the variety of predators on the tundra, a variety of options is critical.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Birding Association","usgsCitation":"McCaffery, B.J., and Gill, R., 1992, Antipredator strategies in breeding Bristle-thighed Curlews: American Birds, v. 46, no. 3, p. 378-383.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"378","endPage":"383","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339484,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.aba.org//north-american-birds/","text":"Homepage: <i>North American Birds</i> (formerly <i>American Birds</i>)"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a554e4b09da6799d6418","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCaffery, Brian J.","contributorId":37617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffery","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016786,"text":"70016786 - 1992 - Petrogenesis of the Pd-rich intrusion at Salt Chuck, Prince of Wales island: an early Paleozoic Alaskan-type ultramafic body","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70016786","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of the Pd-rich intrusion at Salt Chuck, Prince of Wales island: an early Paleozoic Alaskan-type ultramafic body","docAbstract":"The early Paleozoic Salt Chuck intrusion has petrographic and chemical characteristics that are similar to those of Cretaceous Alaskan-type ultramafic-mafic bodies. The intrusion is markedly discordant to the structure of the early Paleozoic Descon Formation, in which it has produced a rather indistinct contact aureole a few meters wide. Mineral assemblages, sequence of crystallization, and mineral chemistry suggest that the intrusion crystallized under low pressures (~2 kbar) with oxidation conditions near those of the NNO buffer, from a hydrous, silica-saturated, orthopyroxene-normative parental magma. The Salt Chuck deposit was probably formed by a two-stage process: 1) a stage of magmatic crystallization in which the sulfides and PGE accumulated in a disseminated manner in cumulus deposits, possibly largely in the gabbro, and 2) a later magmatic-hydrothermal stage during which the sulfides and PGE were remobilized and concentrated in veins and fracture-fillings. In this model, the source of the sulfides and PGE was the magma that produced the Salt Chuck intrusion. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Loney, R.A., and Himmelberg, G.R., 1992, Petrogenesis of the Pd-rich intrusion at Salt Chuck, Prince of Wales island: an early Paleozoic Alaskan-type ultramafic body: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 30, no. 4, p. 1005-1022.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1022","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7783e4b0c8380cd784f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loney, R. A.","contributorId":90757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelberg, G. R.","contributorId":27106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017079,"text":"70017079 - 1992 - Computer Monte Carlo simulation in quantitative resource estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70017079","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computer Monte Carlo simulation in quantitative resource estimation","docAbstract":"The method of making quantitative assessments of mineral resources sufficiently detailed for economic analysis is outlined in three steps. The steps are (1) determination of types of deposits that may be present in an area, (2) estimation of the numbers of deposits of the permissible deposit types, and (3) combination by Monte Carlo simulation of the estimated numbers of deposits with the historical grades and tonnages of these deposits to produce a probability distribution of the quantities of contained metal. Two examples of the estimation of the number of deposits (step 2) are given. The first example is for mercury deposits in southwestern Alaska and the second is for lode tin deposits in the Seward Peninsula. The flow of the Monte Carlo simulation program is presented with particular attention to the dependencies between grades and tonnages of deposits and between grades of different metals in the same deposit. ?? 1992 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01782266","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Root, D.H., Menzie, W., and Scott, W., 1992, Computer Monte Carlo simulation in quantitative resource estimation: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 1, no. 2, p. 125-138, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01782266.","startPage":"125","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205604,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782266"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f954e4b0c8380cd4d581","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Root, D. H.","contributorId":74019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menzie, W. D.","contributorId":52916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, W.A.","contributorId":106121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001183,"text":"1001183 - 1992 - The timing of wing molt in tundra swans: energetic and non-energetic constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T22:12:39.165961","indexId":"1001183","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The timing of wing molt in tundra swans: energetic and non-energetic constraints","docAbstract":"Date of wing molt initiation, based on the regression of tenth primary length on capture date, was calculated for breeding and nonbreeding Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) on the Colville River Delta, Alaska. Breeding females initiated wing molt significantly later than breeding males and nonbreeding males and females; the molt of breeding females was correlated with the date on which their eggs hatched. Breeding males did not differ significantly from nonbreeding males and females in the date of molt initiation. Timing of molt in breeding males and females was consistent with the views that females delay molt while replenishing energy spent on reproduction, but was also consistent with the breeding pair's need for primaries to defend territories and to defend and brood young. Other results, including an increase in an index of female body condition throughout most of the molt period, and a positive correlation between clutch size and female hatch-to-molt interval, were not predicted by the hypothesis that past energy expenditures constrain the timing of molt. Patterns of wing molt within and among other Northern Hemisphere geese and swans are also difficult to explain on the basis of energetics alone. For example, breeding females initiate molt before breeding males in many species. Also, there is extreme asynchrony between mates in two swan species; one of those species also exhibits variation in which sex initiates wing molt first. Both patterns suggest that asynchrony, per se, is important, probably to facilitate brood protection or territory defense. In Tundra Swans and other northern breeding geese and swans, the non-energetic demands of territory defense, brood defense, and brooding are probably important constraints on the timing of wing molt.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369282","usgsCitation":"Earnst, S., 1992, The timing of wing molt in tundra swans: energetic and non-energetic constraints: Condor, v. 94, p. 847-856, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369282.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"856","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.10253906249997,\n              61.87687021463305\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7734375,\n              61.87687021463305\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7734375,\n              63.213829705155625\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.10253906249997,\n              63.213829705155625\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.10253906249997,\n              61.87687021463305\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b6e4b07f02db534263","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earnst, S.L.","contributorId":27018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016822,"text":"70016822 - 1992 - Utility of radiocarbon-dated stratigraphy in determining late Holocene earthquake recurrence intervals, upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T22:48:27.889988","indexId":"70016822","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utility of radiocarbon-dated stratigraphy in determining late Holocene earthquake recurrence intervals, upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>During the great 1964 earthquake, parts of coastal southern Alaska subsided tectonically as much as 2 m, and this led to burial of high-intertidal organic-rich marshes by low-intertidal and tidal silt. In the tectonically active part of upper Cook Inlet, the presence of stratigraphic sections containing numerous prehistoric interbedded layers of peat and silt suggests that such stratigraphy resulted when marshes and forests were similarly inundated and buried by intertidal and tidal sediment as a result of great, prehistoric earthquakes.</p><p>This study tests the feasibility of using buried, radiocarbon-dated, late Holocene peat layers that are exposed in the intertidal zone of upper Cook Inlet to determine earthquake recurrence intervals, because estimates of the recurrence intervals of past earthquakes are needed for evaluation of the potential for future earthquakes. In a reconnaissance study of interbedded peat and silt, 65 conventional radiocarbon dates from peat and other organic material in 25 measured sections in the intertidal zone and one drillhole were used. Radiocarbon ages from the tops of peat beds cluster weakly but may indicate that regional subsidence events recurred at irregular intervals between about 200 to 800 radiocarbon yr within the past 3,200 radiocarbon yr. Conversion to calibrated ages does not alter this range substantially but may extend both ends of the age range. Coeval and correlative stratigraphy and radiocarbon data in the buried peat layers of upper Cook Inlet strongly suggest sudden, subsidence-induced layering. Because of problems associated with conventional radiocarbon dating, the complex stratigraphy of the study area, the tectonic setting, and regional changes in sea level, conclusions from the study do not permit precise identification of the timing and recurrence of paleoseismic events.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0684:UORDSI>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bartsch-Winkler, S., and Schmoll, H., 1992, Utility of radiocarbon-dated stratigraphy in determining late Holocene earthquake recurrence intervals, upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, no. 6, p. 684-694, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0684:UORDSI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"684","endPage":"694","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"upper Cook Inlet region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.21835533891556,\n              62.26809200594323\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.26132408891561,\n              62.26809200594323\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.26132408891561,\n              59.88911950060532\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.21835533891556,\n              59.88911950060532\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.21835533891556,\n              62.26809200594323\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0d0e4b08c986b32a32d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartsch-Winkler, S.","contributorId":31388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch-Winkler","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmoll, H. R.","contributorId":71543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoll","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016862,"text":"70016862 - 1992 - Placer and lode platinum-group minerals in south Kalimantan, Indonesia: Evidence for derivation from Alaskan-type ultramafic intrusions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T14:35:46.259299","indexId":"70016862","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":941,"text":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Placer and lode platinum-group minerals in south Kalimantan, Indonesia: Evidence for derivation from Alaskan-type ultramafic intrusions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Platinum‐group element minerals (PGM) occur in significant proportions in placer deposits in several localities in South Kalimantan. They consist of Pt‐Fe alloy that may be intergrown with or contain inclusions of Ir‐Os‐Ru alloy, laurite and chromite. Alluvial PGM found along Sungai Tambanio are in part derived from chromitite schlieren in dunitic bodies intruded into clinopyroxene cumulates that may be part of an Alaskan‐type ultramafic complex. A chromitite schlieren in serpentinite from one of these dunitic bodies is anomalous in PGE (Pt: 580 ppb; Pd: 3.4 ppb; Rh: 1 ppb; Ru: 9 ppb; Ir: 21 ppb; and Os: 3.9 ppb). The chondrite‐normalized PGE pattern for this rock, pan concentrates from this area, and PGM concentrates from diamond‐Au‐PGM placer deposits have an ‘M'‐shaped pattern enriched in Ir and Pt that is typical of PGE‐mineralization associated with Alaskan‐type ultramafic complexes.</span><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><strong></strong></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/08120099208728033","usgsCitation":"Zientek, M.L., Pardiarto, B., Simandjuntak, H.R., Wikrama, A., Oscarson, R.L., Meier, A.L., and Carlson, R.R., 1992, Placer and lode platinum-group minerals in south Kalimantan, Indonesia: Evidence for derivation from Alaskan-type ultramafic intrusions: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 39, no. 3, p. 405-417, https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099208728033.","productDescription":"13","startPage":"405","endPage":"417","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224663,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","state":"South Kalimantan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              114.65945835600536,\n              -4.2368231340230835\n            ],\n            [\n              115.59459857259452,\n              -3.815204863732106\n            ],\n            [\n              115.74781363632894,\n              -2.892224665820109\n            ],\n            [\n              115.087403878852,\n              -2.739194623430407\n            ],\n            [\n              114.54850951674905,\n              -3.5410405620093997\n            ],\n            [\n              114.6119088534673,\n              -4.226285382436345\n            ],\n            [\n              114.66474163406554,\n              -4.2526294920889285\n            ],\n            [\n              114.65945835600536,\n              -4.2526294920889285\n            ],\n            [\n              114.65945835600536,\n              -4.2368231340230835\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b89e4b0c8380cd794cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pardiarto, B.","contributorId":302915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pardiarto","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simandjuntak, H. R. W.","contributorId":302916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simandjuntak","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wikrama, A.","contributorId":302917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wikrama","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oscarson, Robert L. roscarson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oscarson","given":"Robert","email":"roscarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":865825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":302918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carlson, R. R.","contributorId":75918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70016576,"text":"70016576 - 1992 - Heat flow and subsurface temperature as evidence for basin-scale ground-water flow, North Slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T22:55:09.297593","indexId":"70016576","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat flow and subsurface temperature as evidence for basin-scale ground-water flow, North Slope of Alaska","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15007719\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>In conjunction with the U.S. Geological Survey's exploration program in the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska (NPRA) several high-resolution temperature logs were made in each of 21 drillholes between 1977 and 1984. These time-series of shallow (average 600-m depth) temperature profiles were extrapolated to infinite time to yield equilibrium temperature profiles (±0.1 °C). Thermal gradients are inversely correlated with elevation, and vary from 22 °C/km in the foothills of the Brooks Range to as high as 53 °C/km on the coastal plain to the north. Shallow temperature data were supplemented with 24 equilibrium temperatures (±3-5 °C) estimated from series of bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) measured near the bottom of petroleum exploration wells. A total of 601 thermal conductivity measurements were made on drill cuttings and cores. Near-surface heat flow (±20%) is inversely correlated with elevation and ranges from a low of 27 mW/m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the foothills of the Brooks Range in the south, to a high of 90 mW/m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>near the north coast. Subsurface temperatures and thermal gradients estimated from corrected BHTs are similarly much higher on the coastal plain than in the foothills province to the south. Significant east-west variation in heat flow and subsurface temperature is also observed; higher heat flow and temperature coincide with higher basement topography. The observed thermal pattern is consistent with forced convection by a topographically driven ground-water flow system; alternative explanations are largely unsatisfactory. Average ground-water (Darcy) velocity in the postulated flow system is estimated to be of the order of 0.1 m/yr; the effective basin-scale permeability is estimated to be of the order of 10<sup>-14</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>2</sup>. Organic maturation data collected in other studies indicate that systematic variations in thermal state may have persisted for tens of millions of years. The ground-water flow system thought to be responsible for present heat-flow variations conceivably has existed for the same period of time, possibly providing the driving mechanism for petroleum migration and accumulation at Prudhoe Bay.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0528:HFASTA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Deming, D., Sass, J., Lachenbruch, A., and De Rito, R.F., 1992, Heat flow and subsurface temperature as evidence for basin-scale ground-water flow, North Slope of Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, no. 5, p. 528-542, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0528:HFASTA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"528","endPage":"542","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223017,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -167.30348091915397,\n              71.6305831154134\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.30348091915397,\n              67.60267983093615\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.49684029415414,\n              67.60267983093615\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.49684029415414,\n              71.6305831154134\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.30348091915397,\n              71.6305831154134\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2ffae4b0c8380cd5d281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deming, D.","contributorId":42712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deming","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":373939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De Rito, R. F.","contributorId":77303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Rito","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016685,"text":"70016685 - 1992 - Late Cretaceous inoceramid bivalves of the Kuskokwim Basin, southwestern Alaska, and their implications for basin evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-18T11:22:15.953259","indexId":"70016685","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cretaceous inoceramid bivalves of the Kuskokwim Basin, southwestern Alaska, and their implications for basin evolution","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Kuskokwim Group are exposed in a large region of southwestern Alaska and are mainly composed of deformed turbidite deposits that contain few fossils other than inoceramid bivalves. This paper documents the taxonomy of the inoceramids in the Kuskokwim Group, develops an inoceramid biostratigraphy based on known ranges in other regions, and analyzes biogeographic patterns, paleoecology, and depositional history of the Kuskokwim Group.</p><p>Most of the inoceramid bivalves present in the Kuskokwim Group are of Cenomanian and Turonian age, and an assemblage of species typical of late Turonian age rocks is particularly well developed. Only two localities appear to be as young as Santonian age. The following 16 species or subspecies are discussed and illustrated in detail:<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Birostrina tamurai</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Matsumoto and Noda,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Inoceramus virgatus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Schlüter,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. pennatulus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Pergament,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. pictus minus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Matsumoto,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I.</span><span>&nbsp;</span>cf.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. yabei</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Nagao and Matsumoto,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I.</span>? sp. aff.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. costatus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Nagao and Matsumoto,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. hobetsensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Nagao and Matsumoto,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. longealatus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Tröger,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. frechi</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Flegel,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. waltersdorfensis waltersdorfensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Andert,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I.</span><span>&nbsp;</span>cf.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. waltersdorfensis hannovrensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Heinz,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. kuskokwimensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>n. sp.,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Mytiloides</span><span>&nbsp;</span>cf.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">M. opalensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Böse),<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">M. teraokai</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Matsumoto and Noda),<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">M.</span><span>&nbsp;</span>cf.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">M. incertus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Jimbo), and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Sphenoceramus naumanni</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Yokoyama). In addition, a specimen with affinities to<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Mytiloides striatoconcentricus carpathicus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Simionescu) and a specimen that may belong to the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. (Cremnoceramus?) rotundatus–I.</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span class=\"italic\">C</span>.)<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">erectus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>lineage are illustrated.</p><p>Most of the taxa present in the Kuskokwim region are found in other regions of the North Pacific, particularly Japan and eastern Siberia, or are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Only one species,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. kuskokwimensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>n. sp., is new and may be endemic. North Pacific taxa are predominant in the Kuskokwim region, but intervals near the Cenomanian–Turonian Stage boundary and in the upper Turonian contain taxa characteristic of Europe and the Western Interior basin of North America; some of these taxa have not been recorded previously in the North Pacific region. Turonian heteromorph ammonite assemblages associated with inoceramids in the finer grained facies of the Kuskokwim region are similar to those found in coeval rocks of Japan and Germany.</p><p>The depositional area of the Kuskokwim Group can be broken into two northeast-trending subbasins, the Kuskokwim River subbasin to the northwest and the Mulchatna River subbasin to the southeast, connected by the Nushagak Hills corridor. Within the Kuskokwim River subbasin, deposition apparently started earlier in the north (middle Cenomanian) than in the south (late Cenomanian to early Turonian), and prograding deltaic sedimentation along the western margin also appears to have started earlier in the north. No marine fossils younger than latest Turonian to earliest Coniacian are known from the Kuskokwim River subbasin. The youngest fossils identified are Santonian in age and are from deep-water deposits in the Nushagak Hills corridor. Few fossils are known from the Mulchatna River subbasin and age control is limited.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000061400","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Elder, W., and Box, S.E., 1992, Late Cretaceous inoceramid bivalves of the Kuskokwim Basin, southwestern Alaska, and their implications for basin evolution: Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, no. 2 Suppl., 39 p., https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000061400.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225177,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2 Suppl.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44d5e4b0c8380cd66e16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, W.P.","contributorId":65467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Box, S. E.","contributorId":38567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18937,"text":"ofr9220B - 1992 - Ophiolitic and other mafic-ultramafic metallogenic provinces in Alaska: West of the 141st meridian","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T21:04:03.000542","indexId":"ofr9220B","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-20","chapter":"B","title":"Ophiolitic and other mafic-ultramafic metallogenic provinces in Alaska: West of the 141st meridian","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9220B","usgsCitation":"Foley, J.Y., 1992, Ophiolitic and other mafic-ultramafic metallogenic provinces in Alaska: West of the 141st meridian: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-20, Report: 55 p.; 1 Plate: 37.82 × 32.79 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9220B.","productDescription":"Report: 55 p.; 1 Plate: 37.82 × 32.79 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":48335,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0020b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0020b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":410222,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19137.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":48334,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0020b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -141,\n              68.295\n            ],\n            [\n              -165,\n              68.295\n            ],\n            [\n              -165,\n              55.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -141,\n              55.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -141,\n              68.295\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db6914b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, J. Y.","contributorId":88760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185420,"text":"70185420 - 1992 - Breeding distribution of the Black Turnstone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:33:55","indexId":"70185420","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding distribution of the Black Turnstone","docAbstract":"<div class=\"adn ads\"><div class=\"gs\"><div id=\":nz\" class=\"ii gt adP adO\"><div id=\":nm\" class=\"a3s aXjCH m15af2cb897f8e2f5\"><div dir=\"ltr\">Eighty-five percent of the world population of Black Turnstones (<i>Arenaria</i> <i>melanocephala</i>) nest on the central Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, 65% concentrated in a narrow band of salt grass, graminoid, and dwarf shrub meadows within two km of the coast. An estimated 61,000 to 99,000 birds (95% CI), with a point estimate of 80,000 birds, breed on the central delta. About 15,000 others nest elsewhere in Alaska. Abundance varies among habitats and with distance from the coast. On the central delta, highest breeding densities occur in coastal salt grass meadows (1.11 ± 0.16 birds · ha-1) and lowest densities occur on dwarf shrub mat tundra (0.04 ± 0.04 birds · ha-1). Breeding densities in mixed graminoid and dwarf shrub meadows decline significantly with distance from the coast, decreasing abruptly from 0.75 ± 0.11 birds · ha-1 within the first two km to 0.09 ± 0.03 birds · ha-1 farther inland. Although salt grass meadows constitute only 5% of the coastal lowlands, they support 25% of the population.</div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Handel, C.M., and Gill, R., 1992, Breeding distribution of the Black Turnstone: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 104, no. 1, p. 122-135.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"135","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337998,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337997,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wjoonline.org/?code=wors-site","text":"Journal's Homepage"}],"volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b9ae4b0236b68f829a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180936,"text":"70180936 - 1991 - Change-in-ratio estimators for populations with more than two subclasses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T15:18:55","indexId":"70180936","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Change-in-ratio estimators for populations with more than two subclasses","docAbstract":"<p>Change-in-ratio methods have been developed to estimate the size of populations with two or three population subclasses. Most of these methods require the often unreasonable assumption of equal sampling probabilities for individuals in all subclasses. This paper presents new models based on the weaker assumption that ratios of sampling probabilities are constant over time for populations with three or more subclasses. Estimation under these models requires that a value be assumed for one of these ratios when there are two samples. Explicit expressions are given for the maximum likelihood estimators under models for two samples with three or more subclasses and for three samples with two subclasses. A numerical method using readily available statistical software is described for obtaining the estimators and their standard errors under all of the models. Likelihood ratio tests that can be used in model selection are discussed. Emphasis is on the two-sample, three-subclass models for which Monte-Carlo simulation results and an illustrative example are presented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/2532404","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., and Pollock, K.H., 1991, Change-in-ratio estimators for populations with more than two subclasses: Biometrics, v. 47, no. 4, p. 1531-1546, https://doi.org/10.2307/2532404.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1531","endPage":"1546","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c50e4b0efcedb74111b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180190,"text":"70180190 - 1991 - A comparison of aerial and boat-based surveys for marbled murrelets in southeast Alaska, July 23-28, 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:35:37","indexId":"70180190","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"A comparison of aerial and boat-based surveys for marbled murrelets in southeast Alaska, July 23-28, 1991","docAbstract":"<p>Aerial and boat-based surveys for Marbled Murrelets (<i>Brachyramphus marmoratus</i>) were conducted simultaneously over short transect distances (ca. 2 km) in three different areas of the Alexander Archipelago to assess the accuracy and variability of aerial counts compared to boat-based counts. Additional aerial surveys were conducted over a wider geographic area to assess temporal and spatial variability of murrelet aggregations. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., Conant, B., and Iverson, C., 1991, A comparison of aerial and boat-based surveys for marbled murrelets in southeast Alaska, July 23-28, 1991, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333922,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://alaska.usgs.gov/products/pubs/1991/1991-3726.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c7bee4b0ba3b075e062f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conant, Bruce","contributorId":37596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conant","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iverson, Chris","contributorId":178730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27863,"text":"U. S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039194,"text":"70039194 - 1991 - Elevations and distances in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-25T01:02:05","indexId":"70039194","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T15:16:21","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Elevations and distances in the United States","docAbstract":"The information in this booklet was compiled to answer inquiries received by the U.S. Geological Survey from students; teachers; writers; editors; publishers of encyclopedias, almanacs, and other reference books; and people in many other fields of work. The elevations of features and distances between points in the United States were determined from surveys and topographic maps of the U.S. Geological Survey or obtained from other sources. In most cases, the elevations were determined from surveys and from 1:24,000- and 1:25,000-scale, 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle maps. In Alaska, information was taken from 1:63,360-scale, 15-minute topographic quadrangle maps. In a few cases, data were obtained from older, 1:62,500-scale, 15-minute maps; these maps are being replaced with larger-scale 7.5-minute coverage. Further information about U.S. Geological Survey products can be obtained from: U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, 507 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 or phone 703-860-6045.","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/70039194","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991, Elevations and distances in the United States: General Information Product, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039194.","productDescription":"15 p.","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":225,"text":"Earth Science Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261360,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039194/report.pdf"},{"id":261361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039194/report-thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173,16.916666666666668 ], [ 173,71.83333333333333 ], [ -66.95,71.83333333333333 ], [ -66.95,16.916666666666668 ], [ 173,16.916666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08d2e4b0c8380cd51cb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222593,"text":"5222593 - 1991 - Denali Park wolf studies: Implications for Yellowstone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T16:33:44","indexId":"5222593","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:03","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5322,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","printIssn":"0078-1355","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Denali Park wolf studies: Implications for Yellowstone","docAbstract":"<p>The Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan approved by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1987) recommends re-establishment of wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) in Yellowstone National Park. Bills proposing wolf re-establishment in the Park have been introduced into the U.S. House and Senate. However, several questions have been raised about the possible effects of wolf re-establishment on other Yellowstone Park fauna, on human use of the Park and on human use of surrounding areas. Thus the proposed wolf re-establishment remains controversial.</p><p>Information pertinent to some of the above questions is available from a current study of wolf ecology in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, which we began in 1986. Although Denali Park differs from Yellowstone in several ways, it is also similar enough in important respects to provide insight into questions raised about wolf re-establishment in Yellowstone.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the 56th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"56th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., Meier, T.J., and Burch, J.W., 1991, Denali Park wolf studies: Implications for Yellowstone, <i>in</i> Transactions of the 56th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 56, p. 86-90.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ec54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meier, Thomas J.","contributorId":37192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burch, John W.","contributorId":106231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":336633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016680,"text":"70016680 - 1991 - Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T16:26:21.714894","indexId":"70016680","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust","docAbstract":"<p><span>At ocean margins where two plates converge, the oceanic plate sinks or is subducted beneath an upper one topped by a layer of terrestrial crust. This crust is constructed of continental or island arc material. The subduction process either builds juvenile masses of terrestrial crust through arc volcanism or new areas of crust through the piling up of accretionary masses (prisms) of sedimentary deposits and fragments of thicker crustal bodies scraped off the subducting lower plate. At convergent margins, terrestrial material can also bypass the accretionary prism as a result of sediment subduction, and terrestrial matter can be removed from the upper plate by processes of subduction erosion. Sediment subduction occurs where sediment remains attached to the subducting oceanic plate and underthrusts the seaward position of the upper plate's resistive buttress (backstop) of consolidated sediment and rock. Sediment subduction occurs at two types of convergent margins: type 1 margins where accretionary prisms form and type 2 margins where little net accretion takes place. At type 2 margins (∼19,000 km in global length), effectively all incoming sediment is subducted beneath the massif of basement or framework rocks forming the landward trench slope. At accreting or type 1 margins, sediment subduction begins at the seaward position of an active buttress of consolidated accretionary material that accumulated in front of a starting or core buttress of framework rocks. Where small-to-medium-sized prisms have formed (∼16,300 km), approximately 20% of the incoming sediment is skimmed off a detachment surface or decollement and frontally accreted to the active buttress. The remaining 80% subducts beneath the buttress and may either underplate older parts of the frontal body or bypass the prism entirely and underthrust the leading edge of the margin's rock framework. At margins bordered by large prisms (∼8,200 km), roughly 70% of the incoming trench floor section is subducted beneath the frontal accretionary body and its active buttress. In rounded figures the contemporary rate of solid-volume sediment subduction at convergent ocean margins (∼43,500 km) is calculated to be 1.5 km³/yr. Correcting type 1 margins for high rates of terrigenous seafloor sedimentation during the past 30 m.y. or so sets the long-term rate of sediment subduction at 1.0 km³/yr. The bulk of the subducted material is derived directly or indirectly from continental denudation. Interstitial water currently expulsed from accreted and deeply subducted sediment and recycled to the ocean basins is estimated at 0.9 km³/yr. The thinning and truncation caused by subduction erosion of the margin's framework rock and overlying sedimentary deposits have been demonstrated at many convergent margins but only off northern Japan, central Peru, and northern Chile has sufficient information been collected to determine average or long-term rates, which range from 25 to 50 km³/m.y. per kilometer of margin. A conservative long-term rate applicable to many sectors of convergent margins is 30 km³/km/m.y. If applied to the length of type 2 margins, subduction erosion removes and transports approximately 0.6 km³/yr of upper plate material to greater depths. At various places, subduction erosion also affects sectors of type 1 margins bordered by small- to medium-sized accretionary prisms (for example, Japan and Peru), thus increasing the global rate by possibly 0.5 km³/yr to a total of 1.1 km³/yr. Little information is available to assess subduction erosion at margins bordered by large accretionary prisms. Mass balance calculations allow assessments to be made of the amount of subducted sediment that bypasses the prism and underthrusts the margin's rock framework. This subcrustally subducted sediment is estimated at 0.7 km³/yr. Combined with the range of terrestrial matter removed from the margin's rock framework by subduction erosion, the global volume of subcrustally subducted material is estimated to range from 1.3 to 1.8 km³/yr. Subcrustally subducted material is either returned to the terrestrial crust by arc-related igneous processes or crustal underplating or is lost from the crust by mantle absorption. Geochemical and isotopic data support the notion that upper mantle melting returns only a small percent of the subducted material to the terrestrial crust as arc igneous rocks. Limited areal exposures of terrestrial rocks metamorphosed at deep (&gt;20–30 km) subcrustal pressures and temperatures imply that only a small fraction of subducted material is reattached via deep crustal underplating. Possibly, therefore much of the subducted terrestrial material is recycled to the mantle at a rate near 1.6 km³/yr, which is effectively equivalent to the commonly estimated rate at which the mantle adds juvenile igneous material to the Earth's layer of terrestrial rock.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91RG00969","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"von Huene, R.E., and Scholl, D., 1991, Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 29, no. 3, p. 279-316, https://doi.org/10.1029/91RG00969.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225073,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Island, Shumagin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.0551905132251,\n              55.6277837301117\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.5116239712764,\n              54.13525573677265\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.57834311210746,\n              55.40375253480332\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.29611269478102,\n              57.13479856490234\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.64404848361454,\n              58.94375713478402\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.0551905132251,\n              55.6277837301117\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a70e4b0c8380cd7417d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18881,"text":"ofr91107B - 1991 - Bibliography of Quaternary geology, Copper River Basin and adjacent areas, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-06T13:49:50","indexId":"ofr91107B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-107","chapter":"B","title":"Bibliography of Quaternary geology, Copper River Basin and adjacent areas, south-central Alaska","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr91107B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Ferrians, O.J., 1991, Bibliography of Quaternary geology, Copper River Basin and adjacent areas, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-107, 1 Word document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91107B.","productDescription":"1 Word document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269629,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0107b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrians, Oscar J. Jr.","contributorId":42952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrians","given":"Oscar","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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