We explore the problem of persistence of multiple obligate parasitoids on a single host in a discrete time, spatially explicit system. In general, the parasitoids experienced extinction until one species remained well before the 50 000-generation time limit, but the rate varied according to the parameters of the system. Smaller arenas had a greater chance of extinction. Artificially increasing interspecific competition produced rapid extinction, while decreasing competition increased persistence to the maximum time limit of the simulation. Increasing the parasitoid search efficiency or decreasing dispersal of the parasitoids relative to the host produced less longevity as did increasing host reproduction, while increasing the rate of “patch extinction” reduced the variation among the times to extinction, but did not change the time to the first extinction. Finally, increasing noise in the search parameter first reduced longevity, but then it rapidly increased near the point where the noise reached an amplitude similar to the parameter itself, where coexistence of the four parasitoids was achieved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/we-5-6-2005","usgsCitation":"Slone, D., and Allen, J.C., 2005, Persistence of mulitple identical parasitoid species in a single-host, spatial simulation: Web Ecology, v. 5, p. 6-13, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-5-6-2005.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477842,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/we-5-6-2005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76e9e4b0c8380cd78392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slone, D. H. 0000-0002-9903-9727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9903-9727","contributorId":33040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slone","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, J. C.","contributorId":22563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027629,"text":"70027629 - 2005 - Postseismic relaxation and transient creep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70027629","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postseismic relaxation and transient creep","docAbstract":"Postseismic deformation has been observed in the epicentral area following the 1992 Landers (M = 7.3), 1999 Chi-Chi (M = 7.6), 1999 Hector Mine (M = 7.1), 2002 Denali (M = 7.9), 2003 San Simeon (M = 6.5), and 2004 Parkfield (M = 6.0) earthquakes. The observations consist of repeated GPS measurements of the position of one monument relative to another (separation ???100 km). The early observations (t < 0.1 year) are well fit by the function a' + c'log(t), where t is the time after the earthquake and a' and c' are constants chosen to fit the data. Because a log(t) time dependence is characteristic of transient (primary) creep, the early postseismic response may be governed by transient creep as Benioff proposed in 1951. That inference is provisional as the stress conditions prevailing in postseismic relaxation are not identical to the constant stress condition in creep experiments. The observed logarithmic time dependence includes no characteristic time that might aid in identifying the micromechanical cause.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003687","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., Svarc, J.L., and Yu, S., 2005, Postseismic relaxation and transient creep: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 11, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003687.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477954,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb003687","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211139,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003687"}],"volume":"110","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e98e4b0c8380cd7a633","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Svarc, J. L.","contributorId":75995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yu, S.-B.","contributorId":101075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"S.-B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031680,"text":"70031680 - 2005 - Sensitivity analysis of conservative and reactive stream transient storage models applied to field data from multiple-reach experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:47:29","indexId":"70031680","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity analysis of conservative and reactive stream transient storage models applied to field data from multiple-reach experiments","docAbstract":"The transient storage model (TSM) has been widely used in studies of stream solute transport and fate, with an increasing emphasis on reactive solute transport. In this study we perform sensitivity analyses of a conservative TSM and two different reactive solute transport models (RSTM), one that includes first-order decay in the stream and the storage zone, and a second that considers sorption of a reactive solute on streambed sediments. Two previously analyzed data sets are examined with a focus on the reliability of these RSTMs in characterizing stream and storage zone solute reactions. Sensitivities of simulations to parameters within and among reaches, parameter coefficients of variation, and correlation coefficients are computed and analyzed. Our results indicate that (1) simulated values have the greatest sensitivity to parameters within the same reach, (2) simulated values are also sensitive to parameters in reaches immediately upstream and downstream (inter-reach sensitivity), (3) simulated values have decreasing sensitivity to parameters in reaches farther downstream, and (4) in-stream reactive solute data provide adequate data to resolve effective storage zone reaction parameters, given the model formulations. Simulations of reactive solutes are shown to be equally sensitive to transport parameters and effective reaction parameters of the model, evidence of the control of physical transport on reactive solute dynamics. Similar to conservative transport analysis, reactive solute simulations appear to be most sensitive to data collected during the rising and falling limb of the concentration breakthrough curve.
During 1996-1997, water samples were collected from five sites in the Yazoo River Basin and analysed for 14 herbicides and nine degradates. These included acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, fluometuron, metolachlor, metribuzin, molinate, norflurazon, prometryn, propanil, propazine, simazine, trifluralin, three degradates of fluometuron, two degradates of atrazine, one degradate of cyanazine, norflurazon, prometryn, and propanil. Fluxes generally were higher in 1997 than in 1996 due to a greater rainfall in 1997 than 1996. Fluxes were much larger from streams in the alluvial plain (an area of very productive farmland) than from the Skuna River in the bluff hills (an area of small farms, pasture, and forest). Adding the flux of the atrazine degradates to the atrazine flux increased the total atrazine flux by an average of 14.5%. The fluometuron degradates added about 10% to the total fluometuron flux, and adding the norflurazon degradate flux to the norflurazon flux increased the flux by 82% in 1996 and by 171% in 1997.
Environmental gradients occur with upstream progression from plains to mountains and affect the occurrence of native warmwater fish species, but the relative importance of various environmental gradients are not defined. We assessed the relative influences of elevation, channel slope, and stream width on the occurrences of 15 native warmwater fish species among 152 reaches scattered across the North Platte River drainage of Wyoming at the interface of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains. Most species were collected in reaches that were lower in elevation, had lower channel slopes, and were wider than the medians of the 152 sampled reaches. Several species occurred over a relatively narrow range of elevation, channel slope, or stream width among the sampled reaches, but the distributions of some species appeared to extend beyond the ranges of the sampled reaches. We identified competing logistic-regression models that accounted for the occurrence of individual species using the information-theoretic approach. Linear logistic-regression models accounted for patterns in the data better than curvilinear models for all species. The highest ranked models included channel slope for seven species, elevation for six species, stream width for one species, and both channel slope and stream width for one species. Our results suggest that different environmental gradients may affect upstream boundaries of different fish species at the interface of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains in Wyoming.
We present evidence that Pacific sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus co-occur with harbor seals Phoca vitulina in Glacier Bay, Alaska, and that these sharks scavenge or prey on marine mammals. In 2002, 415 stations were fished throughout Glacier Bay on a systematic sampling grid. Pacific sleeper sharks were caught at 3 of the 415 stations, and at one station a Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis was caught with a fresh bite, identified as the bite of a sleeper shark. All 3 sharks and the shark-bitten halibut were caught at stations near the mouth of Johns Hopkins Inlet, a glacial fjord with the highest concentration of seals in Glacier Bay. Using a bootstrap technique, we estimated the probability of sampling the sharks (and the shark-bitten halibut) in the vicinity of Johns Hopkins Inlet. If sharks were randomly distributed in Glacier Bay, the probability of sampling all 4 pots at the mouth of Johns Hopkins Inlet was very low (P = 0.00002). The highly non-random distribution of the sleeper sharks located near the largest harbor seal pupping and breeding colony in Glacier Bay suggests that these 2 species co-occur and may interact ecologically in or near Johns Hopkins Inlet.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","issn":"10917306","usgsCitation":"Taggart, S.J., Andrews, A., Mondragon, J., and Mathews, E., 2005, Co-occurrence of Pacific sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus and harbor seals Phoca vitulina in Glacier Bay: Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin, v. 11, no. 2, p. 113-117.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"117","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269522,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/library/PDFs/afrb/taggv11n2.pdf"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f67ae4b0c8380cd4c7b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, A.G.","contributorId":92401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mondragon, Jennifer","contributorId":57580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mondragon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mathews, E.A.","contributorId":38354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathews","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027352,"text":"70027352 - 2005 - Fault-dominated deformation in an ice dam during annual filling and drainage of a marginal lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T20:22:09","indexId":"70027352","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault-dominated deformation in an ice dam during annual filling and drainage of a marginal lake","docAbstract":"Ice-dammed Hidden Creek Lake, Alaska, USA, outbursts annually in about 2-3 days. As the lake fills, a wedge of water penetrates beneath the glacier, and the surface of this 'ice dam' rises; the surface then falls as the lake drains. Detailed optical surveying of the glacier near the lake allows characterization of ice-dam deformation. Surface uplift rate is close to the rate of lake-level rise within about 400 m of the lake, then decreases by 90% over about 100 m. Such a steep gradient in uplift rate cannot be explained in terms of ice-dam flexure. Moreover, survey targets spanning the zone of steep uplift gradient move relative to one another in a nearly reversible fashion as the lake fills and drains. Evidently, the zone of steep uplift gradient is a fault zone, with the faults penetrating the entire thickness of the ice dam. Fault motion is in a reverse sense as the lake fills, but in a normal sense as the lake drains. As the overall fault pattern is the same from year to year, even though ice is lost by calving, the faults must be regularly regenerated, probably by linkage of surface and bottom crevasses as ice is advected toward the lake basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3189/172756405781813456","issn":"02603055","usgsCitation":"Walder, J.S., Trabant, D., Cunico, M., Anderson, S., Anderson, R., Fountain, A.G., and Malm, A., 2005, Fault-dominated deformation in an ice dam during annual filling and drainage of a marginal lake: Annals of Glaciology, v. 40, p. 174-178, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756405781813456.","startPage":"174","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269196,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756405781813456"}],"volume":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1fe4b0c8380cd537a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trabant, D.C.","contributorId":42209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trabant","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cunico, M.","contributorId":82905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunico","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, S.P.","contributorId":59600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":6983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fountain, A. G.","contributorId":29815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Malm, A.","contributorId":17021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malm","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70027346,"text":"70027346 - 2005 - ASTER DEM performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T13:00:20","indexId":"70027346","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ASTER DEM performance","docAbstract":"The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Terra spacecraft has an along-track stereoscopic capability using its a near-infrared spectral band to acquire the stereo data. ASTER has two telescopes, one for nadir-viewing and another for backward-viewing, with a base-to-height ratio of 0.6. The spatial resolution is 15 m in the horizontal plane. Parameters such as the line-of-sight vectors and the pointing axis were adjusted during the initial operation period to generate Level-1 data products with a high-quality stereo system performance. The evaluation of the digital elevation model (DEM) data was carried out both by Japanese and U.S. science teams separately using different DEM generation software and reference databases. The vertical accuracy of the DEM data generated from the Level-1A data is 20 m with 95% confidence without ground control point (GCP) correction for individual scenes. Geolocation accuracy that is important for the DEM datasets is better than 50 m. This appears to be limited by the spacecraft position accuracy. In addition, a slight increase in accuracy is observed by using GCPs to generate the stereo data.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2005.847924","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Fujisada, H., Bailey, G., Kelly, G.G., Hara, S., and Abrams, M.J., 2005, ASTER DEM performance: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 43, no. 12, p. 2707-2713, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2005.847924.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2707","endPage":"2713","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208970,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2005.847924"}],"volume":"43","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e638e4b0c8380cd4726b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujisada, H.","contributorId":37906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujisada","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, G. B.","contributorId":105041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"G. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, Glen G.","contributorId":90916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hara, S.","contributorId":50699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hara","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abrams, M. J.","contributorId":29859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027343,"text":"70027343 - 2005 - Macropolygon morphology, development, and classification on North Panamint and Eureka playas, Death Valley National Park CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027343","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macropolygon morphology, development, and classification on North Panamint and Eureka playas, Death Valley National Park CA","docAbstract":"Panamint and Eureka playas, both located within Death Valley National Park, exhibit a host of surficial features including fissures, pits, mounds, and plant-covered ridges, representing topographic highs and lows that vary up to 2 m of relief from the playa surface. Aerial photographs reveal that these linear strands often converge to form polygons, ranging in length from several meters to nearly a kilometer. These features stand out in generally dark contrast to the brighter intervening expanse of flat, plant-free, desiccated mud of the typical playa surface. Ground-truth mapping of playa features with differential GPS (Global Positioning System) was conducted in 1999 (North Panamint Valley) and 2002 (Eureka Valley). High-resolution digital maps reveal that both playas possess macropolygons of similar scale and geometry, and that fissures may be categorized into one of two genetic groups: (1) shore-parallel or playa-interior desiccation and shrinkage; and (2) tectonic-induced cracks. Early investigations of these features in Eureka Valley concluded that their origin may have been related to agricultural activity by paleo-Indian communities. Although human artifacts are abundant at each locale, there is no evidence to support the inference that surface features reported on Eureka Playa are anthropogenic in origin. Our assumptions into the genesis of polygons on playas is based on our fortuitous experience of witnessing a fissure in the process of formation on Panamint Playa after a flash flood (May 1999); our observations revealed a paradox that saturation of the upper playa crusts contributes to the establishment of some desiccation features. Follow-up visits to the same feature over 2 yrs' time are a foundation for insight into the evolution and possible longevity of these features. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth-Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.04.011","issn":"00128252","usgsCitation":"Messina, P., Stoffer, P., and Smith, W.C., 2005, Macropolygon morphology, development, and classification on North Panamint and Eureka playas, Death Valley National Park CA: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 73, no. 1-4, p. 309-322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.04.011.","startPage":"309","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209334,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.04.011"},{"id":235641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b22e4b0c8380cd69301","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Messina, P.","contributorId":37518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messina","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoffer, P.","contributorId":55527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffer","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, W. C.","contributorId":18424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027311,"text":"70027311 - 2005 - The use of discontinuities and functional groups to assess relative resilience in complex systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:19:05","indexId":"70027311","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of discontinuities and functional groups to assess relative resilience in complex systems","docAbstract":"It is evident when the resilience of a system has been exceeded and the system qualitatively changed. However, it is not clear how to measure resilience in a system prior to the demonstration that the capacity for resilient response has been exceeded. We argue that self-organizing human and natural systems are structured by a relatively small set of processes operating across scales in time and space. These structuring processes should generate a discontinuous distribution of structures and frequencies, where discontinuities mark the transition from one scale to another. Resilience is not driven by the identity of elements of a system, but rather by the functions those elements provide, and their distribution within and across scales. A self-organizing system that is resilient should maintain patterns of function within and across scales despite the turnover of specific elements (for example, species, cities). However, the loss of functions, or a decrease in functional representation at certain scales will decrease system resilience. It follows that some distributions of function should be more resilient than others. We propose that the determination of discontinuities, and the quantification of function both within and across scales, produce relative measures of resilience in ecological and other systems. We describe a set of methods to assess the relative resilience of a system based upon the determination of discontinuities and the quantification of the distribution of functions in relation to those discontinuities. ?? 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-005-0147-x","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.R., Gunderson, L., and Johnson, A., 2005, The use of discontinuities and functional groups to assess relative resilience in complex systems: Ecosystems, v. 8, no. 8, p. 958-966, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0147-x.","startPage":"958","endPage":"966","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209011,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0147-x"}],"volume":"8","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb165e4b08c986b325307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunderson, Lance","contributorId":30797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunderson","given":"Lance","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, A.R.","contributorId":72176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027308,"text":"70027308 - 2005 - Effects of urbanization on the distribution and abundance of amphibians and invasive species in southern California streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70027308","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of urbanization on the distribution and abundance of amphibians and invasive species in southern California streams","docAbstract":"Urbanization negatively affects natural ecosystems in many ways, and aquatic systems in particular. Urbanization is also cited as one of the potential contributors to recent dramatic declines in amphibian populations. From 2000 to 2002 we determined the distribution and abundance of native amphibians and exotic predators and characterized stream habitat and invertebratecommunities in 35 streams in an urbanized landscape north of Los Angeles (U.S.A.). We measured watershed development as the percentage of area within each watershed occupied by urban land uses. Streams in more developed watersheds often had exotic crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and fish, and had fewer native species such as California newts (Taricha torosa) and California treefrogs (Hyla cadaverina). These effects seemed particularly evident above 8% development, a result coincident with other urban stream studies that show negative impacts beginning at 10-15% urbanization. For Pacific treefrogs (H. regilla), the most widespread native amphibian, abundance was lower in the presence of exotic crayfish, although direct urbanization effects were not found. Benthic macroinvertebrate communities were also less diverse in urban streams, especially for sensitive species. Faunal community changes in urban streams may be related to changes in physical stream habitat, such as fewer pool and more run habitats and increased water depth and flow, leading to more permanent streams. Variation in stream permanence was particularly evident in 2002, a dry year when many natural streams were dry but urban streams were relatively unchanged. Urbanization has significantly altered stream habitat in this region and may enhance invasion by exotic species and negatively affect diversity and abundance of native amphibians. ??2005 Society for Conservation Biology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00295.x","issn":"08888892","usgsCitation":"Riley, S., Busteed, G., Kats, L., Vandergon, T., Lee, L., Dagit, R., Kerby, J., Fisher, R., and Sauvajot, R., 2005, Effects of urbanization on the distribution and abundance of amphibians and invasive species in southern California streams: Conservation Biology, v. 19, no. 6, p. 1894-1907, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00295.x.","startPage":"1894","endPage":"1907","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00295.x"},{"id":235142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a082ae4b0c8380cd519de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riley, S.P.D.","contributorId":86157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"S.P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busteed, G.T.","contributorId":86158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busteed","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kats, L.B.","contributorId":96886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kats","given":"L.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vandergon, T.L.","contributorId":14992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergon","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, L.F.S.","contributorId":108294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"L.F.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dagit, R.G.","contributorId":20521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dagit","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kerby, J.L.","contributorId":62386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerby","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sauvajot, R.M.","contributorId":33088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauvajot","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70027304,"text":"70027304 - 2005 - The wrinkle-like slip pulse is not important in earthquake dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027304","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The wrinkle-like slip pulse is not important in earthquake dynamics","docAbstract":"A particular solution for slip on an interface between different elastic materials, the wrinkle-like slip pulse, propagates in only one direction with reduced normal compressive stress. More general solutions, and natural earthquakes, need not share those properties. In a 3D dynamic model with a drop in friction and heterogeneous initial stress, the wrinkle-like slip pulse is only a small part of the solution. Rupture propagation is determined primarily by the potential stress drop, not by the wrinkle-like slip pulse. A 2D calculation with much finer resolution shows that energy loss to friction might not be significantly reduced in the wrinkle-like slip pulse. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL023996","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Andrews, D., and Harris, R., 2005, The wrinkle-like slip pulse is not important in earthquake dynamics: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 23, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023996.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209333,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023996"},{"id":235640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1e9e4b08c986b3254ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, D.J.","contributorId":7416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027303,"text":"70027303 - 2005 - Nature's style: Naturally trendy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027303","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nature's style: Naturally trendy","docAbstract":"Hydroclimatological time series often exhibit trends. While trend magnitude can be determined with little ambiguity, the corresponding statistical significance, sometimes cited to bolster scientific and political argument, is less certain because significance depends critically on the null hypothesis which in turn reflects subjective notions about what one expects to see. We consider statistical trend tests of hydroclimatological data in the presence of long-term persistence (LTP). Monte Carlo experiments employing FARIMA models indicate that trend tests which fail to consider LTP greatly overstate the statistical significance of observed trends when LTP is present. A new test is presented that avoids this problem. From a practical standpoint, however, it may be preferable to acknowledge that the concept of statistical significance is meaningless when discussing poorly understood systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL024476","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Cohn, T., and Lins, H., 2005, Nature's style: Naturally trendy: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 23, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024476.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477892,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl024476","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209332,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024476"},{"id":235639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63a0e4b0c8380cd725e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohn, T.A.","contributorId":84789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lins, H.F.","contributorId":81508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"H.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031546,"text":"70031546 - 2005 - Assessment of regional management strategies for controlling seawater intrusion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031546","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of regional management strategies for controlling seawater intrusion","docAbstract":"Simulation-optimization methods, applied with adequate sensitivity tests, can provide useful quantitative guidance for controlling seawater intrusion. This is demonstrated in an application to the West Coast Basin of coastal Los Angeles that considers two management options for improving hydraulic control of seawater intrusion: increased injection into barrier wells and in lieu delivery of surface water to replace current pumpage. For the base-case optimization analysis, assuming constant groundwater demand, in lieu delivery was determined to be most cost effective. Reduced-cost information from the optimization provided guidance for prioritizing locations for in lieu delivery. Model sensitivity to a suite of hydrologic, economic, and policy factors was tested. Raising the imposed average water-level constraint at the hydraulic-control locations resulted in nonlinear increases in cost. Systematic varying of the relative costs of injection and in lieu water yielded a trade-off curve between relative costs and injection/in lieu amounts. Changing the assumed future scenario to one of increasing pumpage in the adjacent Central Basin caused a small increase in the computed costs of seawater intrusion control. Changing the assumed boundary condition representing interaction with an adjacent basin did not affect the optimization results. Reducing the assumed hydraulic conductivity of the main productive aquifer resulted in a large increase in the model-computed cost. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management ?? ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2005)131:4(280)","issn":"07339496","usgsCitation":"Reichard, E., and Johnson, T., 2005, Assessment of regional management strategies for controlling seawater intrusion: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 131, no. 4, p. 280-291, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2005)131:4(280).","startPage":"280","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212328,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2005)131:4(280)"},{"id":239795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee4fe4b0c8380cd49cbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reichard, E.G. 0000-0002-7310-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-3866","contributorId":40635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichard","given":"E.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, T.A.","contributorId":72593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028023,"text":"70028023 - 2005 - Productivity and mortality of Northern Goshawks in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028023","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Productivity and mortality of Northern Goshawks in Minnesota","docAbstract":"Compared to other regions of North America, little information exists regarding Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) ecology and population dynamics in the western Great Lakes Region. We examined productivity and nesting habitat characteristics of goshawks in Minnesota from 1998-2001. Apparent nesting success varied annually from as low as 38% to as high as 83%. The Mayfield estimate of daily survival for nests was 0.992 ?? 0.002 (SE). The mean fledgling number across years was 1.85 ?? 0.14 for successful nests and 1.14 ?? 0.17 for all nesting attempts. Twenty-one percent of all nesting attempts failed, primarily due to predation or suspected predation (52%) and inclement weather (35%). Overall, productivity of goshawks in Minnesota was at the lower end of the range reported in other studies across western North America, which is not atypical for peripheral populations. During the 3-yr study, we recorded mortalities of nine (four males and five females; eight radio-marked and one unmarked) adult goshawks-causes of mortality were avian (33%) and mammalian (22%) predation, human persecution (22%), and unknown causes (22%). Fifty-six percent of mortalities occurred during the breeding season, and 44% occurred during the winter. Based on radiotelemetry data, we estimated adult annual survival to be 74 ?? 7.8%, which is similar to survival estimated using mark-recapture analysis in three western North America studies. ?? 2005 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Boal, C.W., Andersen, D., and Kennedy, P., 2005, Productivity and mortality of Northern Goshawks in Minnesota: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 39, no. 3, p. 222-228.","startPage":"222","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8deae4b0c8380cd7eeed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boal, C. W.","contributorId":102614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boal","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, D. E.","contributorId":27816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, P.L.","contributorId":78680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031716,"text":"70031716 - 2005 - Wagon loads of sand blows in White County, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-02T16:33:58.336867","indexId":"70031716","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wagon loads of sand blows in White County, Illinois","docAbstract":"Several anecdotal accounts provide compelling evidence that liquefaction occurred at several sites in Illinois during the 1811-1812 New Madrid sequence, as much as 250 km north of the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ). At one Wabash Valley location, sand blows are still evident near Big Prairie, Illinois, a location described in a particularly detailed and precise historic account. This account includes descriptions of substantial liquefaction (sand blows) as well as a two-mile-long east-west-trending “crack” along which two feet of south-side-down displacement occurred. An offset can no longer be seen at this location, which has been extensively farmed and plowed for decades. Field reconnaissance verifies many of the details provided in the account, however. We conducted a seismic-reflection experiment at this location and observed a modest offset in the Paleozoic strata at this location. The offset is opposite to that described in the historic account, consistent with the hypothesis that large midcontinent earthquakes occur on faults reactivated in a Holocene stress regime different from the one in which they were formed. Only two explanations can account for these observations: Either large NMSZ events triggered substantial liquefaction at distances greater than hitherto realized, or at least one large “New Madrid” event occurred significantly north of the NMSZ. We explore these possibilities and conclude that, while neither one can be ruled out, several disparate lines of evidence suggest that the 23 January 1812 “New Madrid mainshock” occurred in White County, Illinois, near the location of the mb 5.5 1968 southern Illinois earthquake and recent microearthquake activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.76.3.373","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., Bilham, R., Mueller, K., Stephenson, W., Williams, R., and Odum, J., 2005, Wagon loads of sand blows in White County, Illinois: Seismological Research Letters, v. 76, no. 3, p. 373-386, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.76.3.373.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"White 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,{"id":70029692,"text":"70029692 - 2005 - Relation of organic contaminant equilibrium sorption and kinetic uptake in plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029692","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation of organic contaminant equilibrium sorption and kinetic uptake in plants","docAbstract":"Plant uptake is one of the environmental processes that influence contaminant fate. Understanding the magnitude and rate of plant uptake is critical to assessing potential crop contamination and the development of phytoremediation technologies. We determined (1) the partition-dominated equilibrium sorption of lindane (LDN) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) by roots and shoots of wheat seedlings, (2) the kinetic uptake of LDN and HCB by roots and shoots of wheat seedlings, (3) the kinetic uptake of HCB, tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and trichloroethylene (TCE) by roots and shoots of ryegrass seedlings, and (4) the lipid, carbohydrate, and water contents of the plants. Although the determined sorption and the plant composition together suggest the predominant role of plant lipids for the sorption of LDN and HCB, the predicted partition with lipids of LDN and HCB using the octanol-water partition coefficients is notably lower than the measured sorption, due presumably to underestimation of the plant lipid contents and to the fact that octanol is less effective as a partition medium than plant lipids. The equilibrium sorption or the estimated partition can be viewed as the kinetic uptake limits. The uptakes of LDN, PCE, and TCE from water at fixed concentrations increased with exposure time in approach to steady states. The uptake of HCB did not reach a plateau within the tested time because of its exceptionally high partition coefficient. In all of the cases, the observed uptakes were lower than their respective limits, due presumably to contaminant dissipation in and limited water transpiration by the plants. ?? 2005 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es050424z","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Li, H., Sheng, G., Chiou, C.T., and Xu, O., 2005, Relation of organic contaminant equilibrium sorption and kinetic uptake in plants: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 13, p. 4864-4870, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050424z.","startPage":"4864","endPage":"4870","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212707,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es050424z"},{"id":240234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a69be4b0e8fec6cdc225","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, H.","contributorId":44338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheng, G.","contributorId":70961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheng","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, O.","contributorId":8678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029683,"text":"70029683 - 2005 - The effects of sea level and palaeotopography on lithofacies distribution and geometries in heterozoan carbonates, south-eastern Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70029683","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of sea level and palaeotopography on lithofacies distribution and geometries in heterozoan carbonates, south-eastern Spain","docAbstract":"This study utilized three-dimensional exposures to evaluate how sea-level position and palaeotopography control the facies and geometries of heterozoan carbonates. Heterozoan carbonates were deposited on top of a Neogene volcanic substrate characterized by palaeotopographic highs, palaeovalleys, and straits that were formed by subaerial erosion, possibly original volcanic topography, and faults prior to carbonate deposition. The depositional sequence that is the focus of this study (DS1B) consists of 7-10 fining upward cycles that developed in response to relative sea-level fluctuations. A complete cycle has a basal erosion surface overlain by deposits of debrisflows and high-density turbidity currents, which formed during relative sea-level fall. Overlying tractive deposits most likely formed during the lowest relative position of sea level. Overlying these are debrites grading upward to high-density turbidites and low-density turbidites that formed during relative sea-level rise. The tops of the cycles consist of hemipelagic deposits that formed during the highest relative position of sea level. The cycles fine upward because upslope carbonate production decreased as relative sea level rose due to less surface area available for shallow-water carbonate production and partial drowning of substrates. The cycles are dominated by two end-member types of facies associations and stratal geometries that formed in response to fluctuating sea-level position over variable substrate palaeotopography. One end-member is termed 'flank flow cycle' because this type of cycle indicates dominant sediment transport down the flanks of palaeovalleys. Those cycles drape the substrate, have more debrites, high-density turbidites and erosion on palaeovalley flanks, and in general, the lithofacies fine down the palaeovalley flanks into the palaeovalley axes. The second end-member is termed 'axial flow cycle' because it indicates a dominance of sediment transport down the axes of palaeovalleys. Those cycles are characterized by debrites and high-density turbidites in palaeovalley axes, and lap out of strata against the flanks of palaeovalleys. Where and when an axial flow cycle or flank flow cycle developed appears to be related to the intersection of sea level with areas of gentle or steep substrate slopes, during an overall relative rise in sea level. Results from this study provide a model for similar systems that must combine carbonate principles for sediment production, palaeotopographic controls, and physical principles of sediment remobilization into deep water. ?? 2005 International Association of Sedimentologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00708.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., Franseen, E.K., and Goldstein, R., 2005, The effects of sea level and palaeotopography on lithofacies distribution and geometries in heterozoan carbonates, south-eastern Spain: Sedimentology, v. 52, no. 3, p. 513-536, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00708.x.","startPage":"513","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213082,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00708.x"},{"id":240670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab98e4b08c986b322f49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C.L.","contributorId":98546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franseen, E. K.","contributorId":30367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franseen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, R.H.","contributorId":18908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}