This report presents hydrologic data collected by the U. S. Geological Survey from 1930 to 2001 with emphasis on data collected from 1997 to 2001 as part of a study of ground-water resources in Cedar Valley, Iron County, southwestern Utah (fig. 1). Data collected prior to this study are also presented to show long-term trends. Data were collected during this study in cooperation with the Central Iron County Water Conservancy District; Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources; Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality; Cedar City; and Enoch City; as part of a study to better understand the ground-water resources of Cedar Valley and to assess possible effects of increased ground-water withdrawal on water quality. Quality of ground water in Cedar Valley is variable and water suppliers need to know if additional water resources can be developed without drawing water of lower quality into public-supply wells.
Cedar Valley is in central Iron County at the transitional boundary between the Basin and Range and Colorado Plateau physiographic provinces described by Hunt (1974) and covers about 570 mi2. Additional data from wells west of Cedar Valley and to the south in the vicinity of Kanarraville in the Virgin River drainage (Colorado River Basin) adjacent to the study area are included. Cedar Valley is bounded on the east by the Markagunt Plateau and Red Hills, on the southwest by the Harmony Mountains, on the west by a complex of low hills, and on the north by the Black Mountains. Altitudes in the study area range from about 5,300 ft in Mud Spring Canyon to about 10,400 ft at Blowhard Mountain to the east.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr01419","usgsCitation":"Howells, J.H., Mason, J.L., and Slaugh, B.A., 2001, Selected hydrologic data for Cedar Valley, Iron County, southwestern Utah, 1930-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-419, Report: iv, 81 p.; 3 Plates: 18.90 x 26.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01419.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 81 p.; 3 Plates: 18.90 x 26.00 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"87","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339529,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01-419/PDf/plate3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"1.5 MB","linkHelpText":"Map showing location of surface water sites where streamflow was measured for seepage estimates, Cedar Valley, Iron County, southwestern Utah"},{"id":339530,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01-419/PDf/OF01419.pdf","size":"5.1 MB"},{"id":339528,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01-419/PDf/plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"241 KB","linkHelpText":"Map showing location of selected wells and surface-water sites where water-quality data were collected, Cedar Valley, Iron County, southwestern Utah"},{"id":2769,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01-419/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":339527,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01-419/PDf/plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"7.0 MB","linkHelpText":"Map showing location of selected wells used for water-level measurements, Cedar Valely, Iron County, southwestern Utah"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Iron County","otherGeospatial":"Cedar Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.8333,\n 37.6\n ],\n [\n -113.3333,\n 37.6\n ],\n [\n -113.3333,\n 38.13333\n ],\n [\n -112.8333,\n 38.13333\n ],\n [\n -112.8333,\n 37.6\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48f2e4b07f02db55a612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howells, James H. jhowells@usgs.gov","contributorId":969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howells","given":"James","email":"jhowells@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason, James L.","contributorId":14397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slaugh, Bradley A. baslaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slaugh","given":"Bradley","email":"baslaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31491,"text":"ofr01424 - 2001 - Surficial geology of the lower Comb Wash, San Juan County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-27T13:00:19","indexId":"ofr01424","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-424","title":"Surficial geology of the lower Comb Wash, San Juan County, Utah","docAbstract":"The surficial geologic map of lower Comb Wash was produced as part of a master’s thesis for Northern Arizona University Quaternary Sciences program. The map area includes the portion of the Comb Wash alluvial valley between Highway 163 and Highway 95 on the Colorado Plateau in southeastern Utah. The late Quaternary geology of this part of the Colorado Plateau had not previously been mapped in adequate detail. The geologic information in this report will be useful for biological studies, land management and range management for federal, state and private industries.
\nComb Wash is a south flowing ephemeral tributary of the San Juan River, flanked to the east by Comb Ridge and to the west by Cedar Mesa (Figure 1). The nearest settlement is Bluff, about 7 km to the east of the area. Elevations range from 1951 m where Highway 95 crosses Comb Wash to 1291 m at the confluence with the San Juan River. Primary vehicle access to lower Comb Wash is provided by a well-maintained dirt road that parallels the active channel of Comb Wash between Highway 163 and Highway 95. For much of the year this road can be traversed without the aid of four-wheel drive. However, during inclement weather such as rain or snow the road becomes treacherous even with four-wheel drive. The Comb Wash watershed is public land managed by the Bureau of Land management (BLM) office in Monticello, Utah.
\nThe semi-arid climate of Comb Wash and the surrounding area is typical of the Great Basin Desert. Temperature in Bluff, Utah ranges from a minimum of –8° C in January to a maximum of 35° C in July with a mean annual temperature of 9.8° C (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1999). The difference between day and nighttime temperatures is as great as 20° C. Between 1928 and 1998, annual rainfall in Bluff averaged 178 mm per year (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1999). Annual rainfall in Comb Wash averaged 240 mm per year from 1991 to 1999 while Bluff received an average of 193 mm for the same 8 year period. Most precipitation is monsoonal, convective storms that bring moisture from the Gulf of Mexico beginning in early July and ending by October. Large frontal storms during December and January are responsible for most winter precipitation (Figure 2). The record from U.S. Geological Survey gauging station number 09379000 operated by the BLM from 1959 through 1968 indicates that Comb Wash flows in direct response to precipitation events. Most daily discharge and peak events occur in late July through September, coinciding with high intensity monsoon thunderstorms.
\nComb Wash supports a variety of vegetation typical of the Great Basin Desert and the northern desert shrub zone as described by Fowler and Koch (1982). On the lower alluvial terraces, bushes and shrubs dominate the vegetation, including: sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata), rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus), fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), winterfat (Eurotia lanata), greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus), and shadscale (Atriplex concertifolia). Juniper trees (Juniperus osteosperma) can be found on the rocky colluvial slopes near Comb Ridge and on the higher terrace near Cedar Mesa. The floodplain contains an abundance of riparian vegetation including cottonwood (Populus fremontii), willow (Salix exigua), and tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima). Tamarisk is one of 7 non-native species present in the lower Comb Wash watershed.
\nAt least seven known species of noxious weeds have invaded the watershed, including Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), field bindweed (Convolvulus avensis), Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens), tamarisk and camel thorn (Alhagi pseudalhagi). Of these, tamarisk or salt-cedar has most aggressively colonized the southwestern United States, including the San Juan watershed. Graf (1978) estimates that since the late 19th century, tamarisk has spread at a rate of 20 km per year. Tamarisk first appeared in Comb Wash during the mid to early 20th century based on photographs taken by Gregory in the early 1900’s (Gregory, 1938).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01424","usgsCitation":"Longpre, C.I., 2001, Surficial geology of the lower Comb Wash, San Juan County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-424, Pamphlet: 17 p.; Map: ; Readme: PDF and TXT files; Metadata; Database; Map: PostScript file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01424.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 17 p.; Map: ; Readme: PDF and TXT files; Metadata; Database; Map: PostScript file","numberOfPages":"17","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2663,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282895,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/cw_readme.txt"},{"id":282896,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/pdf/cw_readme.pdf"},{"id":282897,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/cw_met.txt"},{"id":282898,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/cw_export.tar"},{"id":282899,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/pdf/cw_map.pdf"},{"id":282900,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/cw_map.eps"},{"id":282901,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/pdf/cw_pamph.pdf"}],"scale":"12000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"San Juan County","otherGeospatial":"Comb Wash","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.956,37.1588 ], [ -109.956,37.7142 ], [ -109.6003,37.7142 ], [ -109.6003,37.1588 ], [ -109.956,37.1588 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68897e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longpre, Claire I.","contributorId":90355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longpre","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31504,"text":"ofr01452 - 2001 - Geologic map of the Riverside East 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T14:33:12.427887","indexId":"ofr01452","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-452","title":"Geologic map of the Riverside East 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"Open-File Report 01-452 contains a digital geologic map database of the Riverside East 7.5’ quadrangle, Riverside County, California that includes:\n\nARC/INFO Environmental Systems Research Institute (http://www.esri.com) version 7.2.1 coverages of the various elements of the geologic map.\nA Postscript file to plot the geologic map on a topographic base, containing a Correlation of Map Units diagram (CMU), a Description of Map Units (DMU), and an index map.\nPortable Document Format (.pdf) files of:\na. This Readme; includes in Appendix I, data contained in rse_met.txt\n\nb. The same graphic as plotted in 2 above. Test plots have not produced 1:24,000-scale map sheets. Adobe Acrobat page size setting influences map scale.\n\nThe Correlation of Map Units and Description of Map Units is in the editorial format of USGS Geologic Investigations Series (I-series) maps but has not been edited to comply with I-map standards. Within the geologic map data package, map units are identified by standard geologic map criteria such as formation-name, age, and lithology. Where known, grain size is indicated on the map by a subscripted letter or letters following the unit symbols as follows: lg, large boulders; b, boulder; g, gravel; a, arenaceous; s, silt; c, clay; e.g. Qyfa is a predominantly young alluvial fan deposit that is arenaceous. Multiple letters are used for more specific identification or for mixed units, e.g., Qfysa is a silty sand. In some cases, mixed units are indicated by a compound symbol; e.g., Qyf2sc. Marine deposits are in part overlain by local, mostly alluvial fan, deposits and are labeled Qomf. Grain size follows f.\n\nEven though this is an Open-File Report and includes the standard USGS Open-File disclaimer, the report closely adheres to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. Descriptions of units can be obtained by viewing or plotting the .pdf file (3b above) or plotting the postscript file (2 above).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01452","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California Division of Mines and Geology and U.S. Air Force","usgsCitation":"Morton, D.M., and Cox, B.F., 2001, Geologic map of the Riverside East 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-452, Report: 17 p.; 1 Plate: 48.00 x 35.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01452.","productDescription":"Report: 17 p.; 1 Plate: 48.00 x 35.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01452.jpg"},{"id":2687,"rank":9,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0452/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283166,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0452/rse.tar.gz"},{"id":283167,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0452/symbols.tar.gz"},{"id":283168,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0452/rse_map.ps.gz"},{"id":283164,"rank":8,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0452/README.txt"},{"id":283163,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0452/pdf/rse_map.pdf"},{"id":283165,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0452/rse_met.txt"},{"id":283162,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0452/pdf/README.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.375,33.875 ], [ -117.375,34.0 ], [ -117.25,34.0 ], [ -117.25,33.875 ], [ -117.375,33.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a3ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Brett F. bcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":5793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Brett","email":"bcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31473,"text":"ofr01321 - 2001 - Chromite deposits in central part Stillwater Complex, Sweet Grass County, Montana: A digital database for the geologic map of the east slope of Iron Mountain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T15:13:08.273012","indexId":"ofr01321","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-321","title":"Chromite deposits in central part Stillwater Complex, Sweet Grass County, Montana: A digital database for the geologic map of the east slope of Iron Mountain","docAbstract":"In 1940, A.L. Howland and J. W. Peoples, assisted by W.R. Jones and M.G. Bennett, mapped the geology of the east slope of Iron Mountain, Montana. The map was revised and extended by Howland in 1942 and published in 1955 as plate 10 of the U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1015-D (Howland, 1955). In 2000, the USGS contracted Optronics Specialty Co., Inc. of Northridge, CA to prepare a scanned digital version of plate 10. Geospatial editing and attributing of the scanned map of the east slope of Iron Mountain was performed by the USGS in order to produce an interim digital product. This digital geospatial database is one of many being created by the U.S. Geological Survey as an ongoing effort to provide geologic information in a geographic information system (GIS) for use in spatial analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01321","usgsCitation":"Howland, A.L., and Moyer, L.A., 2001, Chromite deposits in central part Stillwater Complex, Sweet Grass County, Montana: A digital database for the geologic map of the east slope of Iron Mountain: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-321, Report: 26 p.; Map: PDF, 33.56 x 30.54 inches; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01321.","productDescription":"Report: 26 p.; Map: PDF, 33.56 x 30.54 inches; Readme; Metadata","numberOfPages":"26","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282762,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0321/IRONMTN.EPS"},{"id":282761,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0321/IRONMTN.HP"},{"id":282759,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0321/pdf/IRONMTN.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282758,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0321/IRONMTN.MET"},{"id":282760,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0321/pdf/ironmtn-map.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282757,"rank":7,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0321/00README.TXT"},{"id":2629,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0321/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110229,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_45474.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"45474"}],"scale":"3077","datum":"North American Datum 1927","country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Sweet Grass County","otherGeospatial":"Iron Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.06,45.40 ], [ -110.06,45.41 ], [ -110.05,45.41 ], [ -110.05,45.40 ], [ -110.06,45.40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e24a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howland, A. L.","contributorId":69109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howland","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyer, Lorre A.","contributorId":106152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Lorre","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31468,"text":"ofr01262 - 2001 - Spatial digital database for the geologic map of the east part of the Pullman 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T14:46:03.860404","indexId":"ofr01262","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-262","title":"Spatial digital database for the geologic map of the east part of the Pullman 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho","docAbstract":"The paper geologic map of the east part of the Pullman 1° x 2° degree quadrangle, Idaho (Rember and Bennett, 1979) was scanned and initially attributed by Optronics Specialty Co., Inc. (Northridge, CA) and remitted to the U.S. Geological Survey for further attribution and publication of the geospatial digital files. The resulting digital geologic map GIS can be queried in many ways to produce a variety of geologic maps. This digital geospatial database is one of many being created by the U.S. Geological Survey as an ongoing effort to provide geologic information in a geographic information system (GIS) for use in spatial analysis. Digital base map data files (topography, roads, towns, rivers and lakes, and others.) are not included: they may be obtained from a variety of commercial and government sources. This database is not meant to be used or displayed at any scale larger than 1:250,000 (for example, 1:100,000 or 1:24,000). The digital geologic map graphics and plot files (pull250k.gra/.hp /.eps) that are provided in the digital package are representations of the digital database.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01262","usgsCitation":"Rember, W.C., and Bennett, E.H., 2001, Spatial digital database for the geologic map of the east part of the Pullman 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-262, Report: 29 p.; 1 Plate: 33.00 x 28.00 inches; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01262.","productDescription":"Report: 29 p.; 1 Plate: 33.00 x 28.00 inches; Readme; Metadata","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01262.jpg"},{"id":282636,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0262/PULL250K.MET"},{"id":282632,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0262/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282638,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0262/of01-262.tar.Z"},{"id":282637,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0262/PULL250K.EPS"},{"id":397741,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_45591.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282634,"rank":8,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0262/pdf/of01-262.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282635,"rank":7,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0262/00README.TXT","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":282633,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0262/pdf/pull_map.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum 1927","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Pullman quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.05,46.0 ], [ -117.05,47.0 ], [ -116.0,47.0 ], [ -116.0,46.0 ], [ -117.05,46.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e5044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rember, William C.","contributorId":107748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rember","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, Earl H.","contributorId":97093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38278,"text":"pp1653 - 2001 - Diagenesis and fracture development in the Bakken Formation, Williston Basin: Implications for reservoir quality in the middle member","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-29T13:41:31.479429","indexId":"pp1653","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1653","title":"Diagenesis and fracture development in the Bakken Formation, Williston Basin: Implications for reservoir quality in the middle member","docAbstract":"The middle member of the Bakken Formation is an attractive petroleum exploration target in the deeper part of the Williston Basin because it is favorably positioned with respect to source and seal units. Progressive rates of burial and minor uplift and erosion of this member led to a stable thermal regime and, consequently, minor variations in diagenesis across much of the basin. The simple diagenetic history recorded in sandstones and siltstones in the middle member can, in part, be attributed to the closed, low-permeability nature of the Bakken petroleum system during most of its burial history. Most diagenesis ceased in the middle member when oil entered the sandstones and siltstones in the Late Cretaceous. Most oil in the Bakken Formation resides in open, horizontal fractures in the middle member. Core analysis reveals that sandstones and siltstones associated with thick mature shales typically have a greater density of fractures than sandstones and siltstones associated with thin mature shales. Fractures were caused by superlithostatic pressures that formed in response to increased fluid volumes in the source rocks during hydrocarbon generation","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1653","usgsCitation":"Pitman, J.K., Price, L.C., and LeFever, J.A., 2001, Diagenesis and fracture development in the Bakken Formation, Williston Basin: Implications for reservoir quality in the middle member: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1653, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1653.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3506,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1653/p1653.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395174,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43740.htm"},{"id":123820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1653.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Bakken Formation, Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.054,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.054,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.054,\n 46.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dc37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Leigh C.","contributorId":39379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeFever, Julie A.","contributorId":43408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeFever","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30709,"text":"fs08201 - 2001 - Discharge between San Antonio Bay and Aransas Bay, southern Gulf Coast, Texas, May-September 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T13:22:55","indexId":"fs08201","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"082-01","title":"Discharge between San Antonio Bay and Aransas Bay, southern Gulf Coast, Texas, May-September 1999","docAbstract":"Along the Gulf Coast of Texas, many estuaries and bays are important habitat and nurseries for aquatic life. San Antonio Bay and Aransas Bay, located about 50 and 30 miles northeast, respectively, of Corpus Christi, are two important estuarine nurseries on the southern Gulf Coast of Texas (fig. 1). According to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, “Almost 80 percent of the seagrasses [along the Texas Gulf Coast] are located in the Laguna Madre, an estuary that begins just south of Corpus Christi Bay and runs southward 140 miles to South Padre Island. Most of the remaining seagrasses, about 45,000 acres, are located in the heavily traveled San Antonio, Aransas and Corpus Christi Bay areas” (Shook, 2000).
Population growth has led to greater demands on water supplies in Texas. The Texas Water Development Board, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, and the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission have the cooperative task of determining inflows required to maintain the ecological health of the State’s streams, rivers, bays, and estuaries. To determine these inflow requirements, the three agencies collect data and conduct studies on the need for instream flows and freshwater/ saline water inflows to Texas estuaries.
To assist in the determination of freshwater inflow requirements, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, conducted a hydrographic survey of discharge (flow) between San Antonio Bay and Aransas Bay during the period May–September 1999. Automated instrumentation and acoustic technology were used to maximize the amount and quality of data that were collected, while minimizing personnel requirements. This report documents the discharge measured at two sites between the bays during May–September 1999 and describes the influences of meteorologic (wind and tidal) and hydrologic (freshwater inflow) conditions on discharge between the two bays. The movement of water between the bays is controlled primarily by prevailing winds, tidal fluctuations, and freshwater inflows. An adequate understanding of mixing and physical exchange in the estuarine waters is fundamental to the assessment of the physical, chemical, and biological processes governing the aquatic system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs08201","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"East, J., 2001, Discharge between San Antonio Bay and Aransas Bay, southern Gulf Coast, Texas, May-September 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 082-01, HTML Document; Report: 6 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs08201.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: 6 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_082_01.bmp"},{"id":333100,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-082-01/pdf/fs_082-01.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":3080,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-082-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Aransas Bay, San Antonio Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.75,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -96.75,\n 28.3\n ],\n [\n -96.95,\n 28.3\n ],\n [\n -96.95,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -96.75,\n 28\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aa8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"East, Jeffery W. jweast@usgs.gov","contributorId":1683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Jeffery W.","email":"jweast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30972,"text":"wri014137 - 2001 - Geohydrology and limnology of Walden Pond, Concord, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:00","indexId":"wri014137","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4137","title":"Geohydrology and limnology of Walden Pond, Concord, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The trophic ecology and ground-water contributing area of Walden Pond, in Concord and Lincoln, Mass., were investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management from April 1997 to July 2000. Bathymetric investigation indicated that Walden Pond (24.88 hectares), a glacial kettle-hole lake with no surface inlet or outlet, has three deep areas. The maximum depth (30.5 meters) essentially was unchanged from measurements made by Henry David Thoreau in 1846. The groundwater contributing area (621,000 square meters) to Walden Pond was determined from water-table contours in areas of stratified glacial deposits and from land-surface contours in areas of bedrock highs. Walden Pond is a flow-through lake: Walden Pond gains water from the aquifer along its eastern perimeter and loses water to the aquifer along its western perimeter. Walden Pond contributing area also includes Goose Pond and its contributing area. A water budget calculated for Walden Pond, expressed as depth of water over the lake surface, indicated that 45 percent of the inflow to the lake was from precipitation (1.215 meters per year) and 55 percent from ground water (1.47 meters per year). The groundwater inflow estimate was based on the average of two different approaches including an isotope mass-balance approach. Evaporation accounted for 26 percent of the outflow from the lake (0.71 meters per year) whereas lake-water seepage to the groundwater system contributed 74 percent of the outflow (1.97 meters per year). The water-residence time of Walden Pond is approximately 5 years. Potential point sources of nutrients to ground water, the Concord municipal landfill and a trailer park, were determined to be outside the Walden Pond groundwater contributing area. A third source, the septic leach field for the Walden Pond State Reservation facilities, was within the groundwater contributing area. Nutrient budgets for the lake indicated that nitrogen inputs (858 kilograms per year) were dominated (30 percent) by plume water from the septic leach field and, possibly, by swimmers (34 percent). Phosphorus inputs (32 kilograms per year) were dominated by atmospheric dry deposition, background ground water, and estimated swimmer inputs. Swimmer inputs may represent more than 50 percent of the phosphorus load during the summer. The septic-system plume did not contribute phosphorus, but increased the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio for inputs from 41 to 59, on an atom-to-atom basis. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in input loads and within the lake indicated algal growth would be strongly phosphorus limited. Nitrogen supply in excess of plant requirements may mitigate against nitrogen fixing organisms including undesirable blooms of cyanobacteria. Based on areal nutrient loading, Walden Pond is a mesotrophic lake. Hypolimnetic oxygen demand of Walden Pond has increased since a profile was measured in 1939. Currently (1999), the entire hypolimnion of Walden Pond becomes devoid of dissolved oxygen before fall turnover in late November; whereas historical data indicated dissolved oxygen likely remained in the hypolimnion during 1939. The complete depletion of dissolved oxygen likely causes release of phosphorus from the sediments. Walden Pond contains a large population of the deep-growing benthic macro alga Nitella, which has been hypothesized to promote water clarity in other clear-water lakes by sequestering nutrients and keeping large areas of the sediment surface oxygenated. Loss of Nitella populations in other lakes has correlated with a decline in water quality. Although the Nitella standing crop is large in Walden Pond, Nitella still appears to be controlled by nutrient availability. Decreasing phosphorus inputs to Walden Pond, by amounts under anthropogenic control would likely contribute to the stability of the Nitella population in the metalimnion, may reverse oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion, and decreas","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014137","usgsCitation":"Colman, J.A., and Friesz, P.J., 2001, Geohydrology and limnology of Walden Pond, Concord, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4137, 61 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014137.","productDescription":"61 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2951,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014137","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8cfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, John A. 0000-0001-9327-0779 jacolman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-0779","contributorId":2098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"John","email":"jacolman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friesz, Paul J. 0000-0002-4660-2336 pfriesz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4660-2336","contributorId":1075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friesz","given":"Paul","email":"pfriesz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30678,"text":"fs08601 - 2001 - National Atlas of the United States Maps","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5543,"text":"fs10799 - 2000 - The National Atlas of the United StatesTM maps","indexId":"fs10799","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"The National Atlas of the United StatesTM maps"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":30678,"text":"fs08601 - 2001 - National Atlas of the United States Maps","indexId":"fs08601","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"National Atlas of the United States Maps"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T11:10:14","indexId":"fs08601","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"086-01","title":"National Atlas of the United States Maps","docAbstract":"The \"National Atlas of the United States of America®\", published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1970, is out of print, but many of its maps can be purchased separately. Maps that span facing pages in the atlas are printed on one sheet. Maps dated after 1970 and before 1997 are either revisions of original atlas maps or new maps published in the original atlas format. The USGS and its partners in government and industry began work on a new \"National Atlas\" in 1997. Though most new atlas products are designed for the World Wide Web, we are continuing our tradition of printing high-quality maps of America. In 1998, the first completely redesigned maps of the \"National Atlas of the United States®\" were published.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs08601","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001, National Atlas of the United States Maps: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 086-01, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs08601.","productDescription":"3 p.","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0086/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59442,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0086/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"43.39 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":9781,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698976","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30970,"text":"wri984114 - 2001 - Ground-water flow to Death Valley, as inferred from the chemistry and geohydrology of selected springs in Death Valley National Park, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T07:46:25","indexId":"wri984114","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4114","title":"Ground-water flow to Death Valley, as inferred from the chemistry and geohydrology of selected springs in Death Valley National Park, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Death Valley lies downgradient from\nadjacent valleys to the north, south, east, and west\nin California and Nevada, and is the site of\nsubstantial ground-water discharge. The sources\nof the discharging waters have been discussed by\nseveral investigators in the past and are of heightened\nconcern because of the potential disposal of\nhigh-level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain,\nNevada, and because of ground-water withdrawals\nattendant to commercial mining in the\nnorthwestern Amargosa Valley region. This report\ndescribes high- and low-discharge springs in and\nalong the Amargosa Range that were sampled to\naugment the level of understanding of the extent\nand distribution of westward ground-water flow\nthrough the range.\nThe Black Mountains do not seem to be\npart of a significant path of ground-water flow\nfrom the Amargosa region. This is attributed to\nthe complex lithology and geologic history of the\nBlack Mountains structural block and to the presence\nof the intervening Furnace Creek fault zone.\nThe only ground-water discharge associated with\nthe Black Mountains where water chemistry\nreflects an external source or sources is Saratoga\nSpring, for which δ2H and δ18O data indicate\nrecharge in the Spring Mountains to the east.\nThe southern part of the Funeral Mountains\ntransmits a large volume of water through faulted\nand fractured rocks of Cambrian age that lie at or\nalong the distal part of the northeast -oriented\nSpotted Range-Mine Mountain structural zone.\nWaters discharging from springs in the Furnace\nCreek Ranch vicinity (Travertine and Nevares)\nboth compositionally and isotopically resemble\nwaters from the Ash Meadows spring group in the\nAmargosa Desert. The Ash Meadows springs and\nwater in the Amargosa Valley alluvium likely are\nchemically representative of ground water\nentering the southern Funeral Mountains. Much\nless ground water flows through the central and\nnorthern Funeral Mountains than flows through\nthe southern part, as indicated by the geologic\nsetting and chemistry of Keane Wonder Spring.\nThe northern one-half of the mountains comprises\nearly-to-middle Proterozoic metamorphic rocks\nthat are the core of the Funeral Mountains anticlinorium.\nThe core is largely unfaulted, plunges to\nthe northeast and southwest, and is truncated to\nsome extent on the east by the shallow-dipping\nBoundary Canyon fault. This structural setting\nand the paucity of springs in the northern one-half\nof the Funeral Mountains indicate a long traveltime\nfrom the Amargosa region to the western\nmargin of the northern and central parts of the\nmountains.\nThe Grapevine Mountains include the\nhighest elevations in the Amargosa Range.\nSubstantial precipitation and recharge above\nabout 2,000 meters are evinced by numerous\nsmall springs and seeps along the east and west\nmargins. The local nature of the recharge is\nreflected in δ2H and δ18O values and in the spring\nchemistries that indicate control by Tertiary\nvolcanic rocks. The highest spring discharges\nassociated with the Grapevine Mountains are near\nthe north end of the mountains in the Grapevine\nRanch area. The springs in this area are similar\nchemically and isotopically, except for one or two\norder-of-magnitude differences in calcium,\nmagnesium, and strontium concentrations and a\n1.2 per mil difference in δ13C values. These differences\ncan be attributed to differences in the distal\nparts of the respective flow paths. The springs\nalso lie at the end of a northeast -oriented structural\nzone in the Walker Lane Belt, and their δ2H,\nδ13C, and δ18O values indicate a recharge area\nlikely to the northeast, outside of the Grapevine\nMountains.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984114","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy, under Interagency Agreement DE-AI08-97NV12033","usgsCitation":"Steinkampf, W.C., and Werrell, W.L., 2001, Ground-water flow to Death Valley, as inferred from the chemistry and geohydrology of selected springs in Death Valley National Park, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4114, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984114.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286090,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4114/report.pdf"},{"id":286091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4114/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.547222,35.622222 ], [ -117.547222,37.1 ], [ -117.177778,37.1 ], [ -117.177778,35.622222 ], [ -117.547222,35.622222 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668f8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steinkampf, William C.","contributorId":11256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinkampf","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werrell, William L.","contributorId":49007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werrell","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31419,"text":"ofr01202 - 2001 - Impacts of climate change on landscapes of the eastern Sierra Nevada and western Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T14:23:30.648176","indexId":"ofr01202","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-202","title":"Impacts of climate change on landscapes of the eastern Sierra Nevada and western Great Basin","docAbstract":"This effort was developed under a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiative to sponsor science workshops focusing on various of multidiscipline, multiprogram themes in the arid Southwest. The intent was to use the workshops to explore leading edge questions, as well as to provide better communication and collaboration between USGS and other organizations and agencies. The workshop topics fall within the broad areas of landscape science of the Southwest, ecosystem studies, climatic variation, land use associated with degradation of habitat and soils, and surficial processes in relation to the environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01202","usgsCitation":"Jayko, A.S., and Millar, C.I., 2001, Impacts of climate change on landscapes of the eastern Sierra Nevada and western Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-202, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01202.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282570,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":59774,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0202/pdf/of01-202.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2558,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0202/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.18,34.36 ], [ -123.18,44.89 ], [ -110.37,44.89 ], [ -110.37,34.36 ], [ -123.18,34.36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f8629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millar, C. I.","contributorId":47165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30969,"text":"wri014224 - 2001 - Ground-water levels and flow directions in glacial sediments and carbonate bedrock near Tremont City, Ohio, October-November 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T09:20:55","indexId":"wri014224","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4224","displayTitle":"Ground-Water Levels and Flow Directions in Glacial Sediments and Carbonate Bedrock Near Tremont City, Ohio, October-November 2000","title":"Ground-water levels and flow directions in glacial sediments and carbonate bedrock near Tremont City, Ohio, October-November 2000","docAbstract":"During summer 2000, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) began an investigation of the Tremont City Landfill Site near Tremont City, Ohio. The site is about 1 mile west of Tremont City, just south of the Clark-Champaign County line. The closed site consists of three main areas: an 8.5-acre barrel fill, a 14-acre waste-transfer area, and a 58-acre landfill. The local hydrogeology is complex, and multiple ground-water-flow directions at the site have been described; however, offsite ground-water levels and flow directions were poorly defined, because they were based on static water levels reported over many years by well drillers. In October 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the USEPA, measured water levels in residential and onsite monitoring wells to prepare a map of the potentiometric surface so that directions of regional ground-water flow could be better delineated in the vicinity of the site.
The topography of the study area (extent of map) is characterized by a nearly level till plain with minor relief along incised streams draining east-southeast to the Mad River. The Tremont City Landfill Site is in an upland area between two east-southeast-trending streams. Storms Creek is about 1 mile north of the site. The southern extent of the landfill is within about 500 feet of Chapman creek.
The surficial geology of the study area consists of unconsolidated glacial sediments that overlie Silurian-age Lockport Dolomite. These glacial sediments consist of fine-grained till interbedded with layers of silt, sands, and gravels. Sand and gravel layers are commonly found just above the bedrock surface. Onsite monitoring wells have been installed into several thin, permeable zones in the glacial sediments. Most residential wells in the area produce sufficient water for residential use (as much as 100 gallons per minute), from either sand and gravel layers in the glacial sediments or from the carbonate bedrock. The most productive aquifer in the area is the highly permeable glacial outwash in the buried bedrock valley beneath the Mad River. These outwash sands and gravels can yield more than 1,000 gallons per minute. If weathered, the Lockport Dolomite can be a productive source of water near the top of the unit.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014224","usgsCitation":"Dumouchelle, D.H., 2001, Ground-water levels and flow directions in glacial sediments and carbonate bedrock near Tremont City, Ohio, October-November 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4224, Report: 39.28 x 28.99 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014224.","productDescription":"Report: 39.28 x 28.99 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2949,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4224/wri20014224.pdf","text":"Report","size":"747 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4224"},{"id":159966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4224/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Tremont City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.8446307182312,\n 40.00634956420027\n ],\n [\n -83.82637023925781,\n 40.00634956420027\n ],\n [\n -83.82637023925781,\n 40.01803456129624\n ],\n [\n -83.8446307182312,\n 40.01803456129624\n ],\n [\n -83.8446307182312,\n 40.00634956420027\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43229
A countywide inventory was conducted of 649 wells in nine hydrogeologic units in Orange County, North Carolina. As a result of this inventory, estimates of ground-water availability and use were calculated, and water-quality results were obtained from 51 wells sampled throughout the County from December 1998 through January 1999. The typical well in Orange County has an average depth of 208 feet, an average casing length of 53.6 feet, a static water level of 26.6 feet, a yield of 17.6 gallons per minute, and a well casing diameter of 6.25 inches. The saturated thickness of the regolith averages 27.0 feet and the yield per foot of total well depth averages 0.119 gallon per minute per foot. Two areas of the County are more favorable for high-yield wells—a west-southwest to east-northeast trending area in the northwestern part of the County, and a southwest to northeast trending area in the southwestern part of the County. Well yields in Orange County show little correlation with topographic or hydrogeologic setting.
Fifty-one sampling locations were selected based on (a) countywide areal distribution, (b) weighted distribution among hydrogeologic units, and (c) permission from homeowners. The list of analytes for the sampling program consisted of common anions and cations, metals and trace elements, nutrients, organic compounds, and radon. Samples were screened for the presence of fuel compounds and pesticides by using immuno-assay techniques. Dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, specific conductance, and alkalinity were measured in the field. The median pH was 6.9, which is nearly neutral, and the median hardness was 75 milligrams per liter calcium carbonate. The median dissolved solids concentration was 125 milligrams per liter, and the median specific conductance was 175 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Orange County ground water is classified as a calcium-bicarbonate type.
High nutrient concentrations were not found in samples collected for this study. Nitrate was detected in 82 percent of the samples at concentrations ranging up to 7.2 milligrams per liter, although the median concentration was 0.49 milligram per liter; all other samples had a concentration of 2.9 milligrams per liter or less. In general, trace elements were detected infrequently or at concentrations less than State drinking-water standards. However, exceedances of North Carolina drinking-water standards were observed for iron (3 exceedances of 51 analyses, detection up to 1,100 micrograms per liter), manganese (12 exceedances of 51 analyses, detection up to 890 micrograms per liter), and zinc (4 exceedances of 31 analyses, detection up to 4,900 micrograms per liter). Lead was detected in 8 of 31 samples with a concentration up to 3.5 micrograms per liter. Zinc, manganese, iron, and copper were the most frequently detected trace metals at 100, 94, 80, and 61 percent, respectively. Lead, arsenic, bromide, alum inum, and selenium were detected in 13 to 26 percent of the analyses. No benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) or atrazine compounds were detected in any of the samples.
Radon activities in ground water can be high because of the rock units present in Orange County. Radon activity ranged from 38 to 4,462 picocuries per liter countywide, with a median activity of 405 picocuries per liter. Median radon activities in Orange County were highest in felsic rocks (487 picocuries per liter) and lowest in mafic rocks (357 picocuries per liter). When evaluated by individual hydrogeologic units, the median radon activity was highest in the phyllite unit (1,080 picocuries per liter in 2 samples) and the felsic metaigneous unit (571 picocuries per liter in 13 samples).
Overall, water-quality data in Orange County indicate few drinking-water concerns. No organic contaminants analyzed (total BTEX and atrazine) or excessive nutrient concentrations were detected, and few exceedances of North Carolina drinking- water standards were detected.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004286","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Orange County, North Carolina","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, W.L., and Daniel, C.C., 2001, Investigation of Ground-Water Availability and Quality in Orange County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4286, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004286.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2053,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4286/wri20004286.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4286"},{"id":158246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4286/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Orange County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-79.1538,36.2422],[-78.9507,36.2393],[-79.0124,35.886],[-79.0142,35.8755],[-79.0161,35.8633],[-79.0831,35.8611],[-79.1262,35.8651],[-79.2521,35.8768],[-79.2588,35.8859],[-79.2598,35.9027],[-79.2711,35.9091],[-79.2756,35.9101],[-79.2637,36.0307],[-79.2593,36.2443],[-79.1538,36.2422]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Orange\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
Three-dimensional velocity models for the basins along the coast of Washington and in Puget Lowland provide a means for better understanding the lateral variations in strong ground motions recorded there. We have compiled 16 sonic and 18 density logs from 22 oil test wells to help us determine the geometry and physical properties of the Cenozoic basins along coastal Washington. The depth ranges sampled by the test-well logs fall between 0.3 and 2.1 km. These well logs sample Quaternary to middle Eocene sedimentary rocks of the Quinault Formation, Montesano Formation, and Hoh rock assemblage. Most (18 or 82%) of the wells are from Grays Harbor County, and many of these are from the Ocean City area. These Grays Harbor County wells sample the Quinault Formation, Montesano Formation, and frequently bottom in the Hoh rock assemblage. These wells show that the sonic velocity and density normally increase significantly across the contacts between the Quinault or the Montesano Formations and the Hoh rock assemblage. Reflection coefficients calculated for vertically traveling compressional waves from the average velocities and densities for these units suggest that the top of the Hoh rock assemblage is a strong reflector of downward-propagating seismic waves: these reflection coefficients lie between 11 and 20%. Thus, this boundary may reflect seismic energy upward and trap a substantial portion of the seismic energy generated by future earthquakes within the Miocene and younger sedimentary basins found along the Washington coast.
Three wells from Jefferson County provide data for the Hoh rock assemblage for the entire length of the logs. One well (Eastern Petroleum Sniffer Forks #1), from the Forks area in Clallam County, also exclusively samples the Hoh rock assemblage. This report presents the locations, elevations, depths, stratigraphic, and other information for all the oil test wells, and provides plots showing the density and sonic velocities as a function of depth for each well log. We also present two-way traveltimes for 15 of the wells calculated from the sonic velocities. Average velocities and densities for the wells having both logs can be reasonably well related using a modified Gardner’s rule, with p=1825v(1/4), where p is the density (in kg/m3) and v is the sonic velocity (in km/s). In contrast, a similar analysis of published well logs from Puget Lowland is best matched by a Gardner’s rule of p=1730v(1/4), close to the p=1740v(1/4) proposed by Gardner et al. (1974).
Finally, we present laboratory measurements of compressional-wave velocity, shear-wave velocity, and density for 11 greywackes and 29 mafic rocks from the Olympic Peninsula and Puget Lowland. These units have significance for earthquake-hazard investigations in Puget Lowland as they dip eastward beneath the Lowland, forming the “bedrock” beneath much of the lowland. Average Vp/Vs ratios for the mafic rocks, mainly Crescent Formation volcanics, lie between 1.81 and 1.86. Average Vp/Vs ratios for the greywackes from the accretionary core complex in the Olympic Peninsula show greater scatter but lie between 1.77 and 1.88. Both the Olympic Peninsula mafic rocks and greywackes have lower shear-wave velocities than would be expected for a Poisson solid (Vp/Vs=1.732). Although the P-wave velocities and densities in the greywackes can be related by a Gardner’s rule of p=1720v(1/4), close to the p=1740v(1/4) proposed by Gardner et al. (1974), the velocities and densities of the mafic rocks are best related by a Gardner’s rule of p=1840v(1/4). Thus, the density/velocity relations are similar for the Puget Lowland well logs and greywackes from the Olympic Peninsula. Density/velocity relations are similar for the Washington coastal well logs and mafic rocks from the Olympic Peninsula, but differ from those of the Puget Lowland well logs and greywackes from the Olympic Peninsula.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01264","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., and Christensen, N.I., 2001, Density and velocity relationships for digital sonic and density logs from coastal Washington and laboratory measurements of Olympic Peninsula mafic rocks and greywackes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-264, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01264.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59772,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0264/pdf/of01-264.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0264/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2518,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.87,46.83 ], [ -124.87,48.42 ], [ -122.14,48.42 ], [ -122.14,46.83 ], [ -124.87,46.83 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5b00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Nikolas I.","contributorId":95927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Nikolas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":7001,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":205885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31363,"text":"ofr200155 - 2001 - Evaluation of the location and recency of faulting near prospective surface facilities in Midway Valley, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-01T19:59:25.772334","indexId":"ofr200155","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-55","title":"Evaluation of the location and recency of faulting near prospective surface facilities in Midway Valley, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Evaluation of surface faulting that may pose a hazard to prospective surface facilities is an important element of the tectonic studies for the potential Yucca Mountain high-level radioactive waste repository in southwestern Nevada. For this purpose, a program of detailed geologic mapping and trenching was done to obtain surface and near-surface geologic data that are essential for determining the location and recency of faults at a prospective surface-facilities site located east of Exile Hill in Midway Valley, near the eastern base of Yucca Mountain. The dominant tectonic features in the Midway Valley area are the north- to northeast-trending, west-dipping normal faults that bound the Midway Valley structural block-the Bow Ridge fault on the west side of Exile Hill and the Paint-brush Canyon fault on the east side of the valley. Trenching of Quaternary sediments has exposed evidence of displacements, which demonstrate that these block-bounding faults repeatedly ruptured the surface during the middle to late Quaternary. Geologic mapping, subsurface borehole and geophysical data, and the results of trenching activities indicate the presence of north- to northeast-trending faults and northwest-trending faults in Tertiary volcanic rocks beneath alluvial and colluvial sediments near the prospective surface-facilities site. North to northeast-trending faults include the Exile Hill fault along the eastern base of Exile Hill and faults to the east beneath the surficial deposits of Midway Valley. These faults have no geomorphic expression, but two north- to northeast-trending zones of fractures exposed in excavated profiles of middle to late Pleistocene deposits at the prospective surface-facilities site appear to be associated with these faults. Northwest-trending faults include the West Portal and East Portal faults, but no disruption of Quaternary deposits by these faults is evident. The western zone of fractures is associated with the Exile Hill fault. The eastern zone of fractures is within Quaternary alluvial sediments, but no bedrock was encountered in trenches and soil pits in this part of the prospective surface facilities site; thus, the direct association of this zone with one or more bedrock faults is uncertain. No displacement of lithologic contacts and soil horizons could be detected in the fractured Quaternary deposits. The results of these investigations imply the absence of any appreciable late Quaternary faulting activity at the prospective surface-facilities site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr200155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Swan, F., Wesling, J., Angell, M.M., Thomas, A.P., Whitney, J., and Gibson, J.D., 2001, Evaluation of the location and recency of faulting near prospective surface facilities in Midway Valley, Nye County, Nevada (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-55, vi, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr200155.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p.","costCenters":[{"id":226,"text":"Earth Science Investigations Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9824,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/771112-GgLvJI/native/771112.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9822,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=771112","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402880,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46523.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Midway Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4389,\n 36.8431\n ],\n [\n -116.4208,\n 36.8431\n ],\n [\n -116.4208,\n 36.8611\n ],\n [\n -116.4389,\n 36.8611\n ],\n [\n -116.4389,\n 36.8431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa5ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swan, F. H.","contributorId":71982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swan","given":"F. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wesling, J. R.","contributorId":34163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesling","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angell, M. M.","contributorId":72428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, A. P.","contributorId":33743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitney, J.W.","contributorId":27437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gibson, J. D.","contributorId":37783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":30957,"text":"wri20014152 - 2001 - Flood frequency estimates and documented and potential extreme peak discharges in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:54:21","indexId":"wri20014152","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4152","title":"Flood frequency estimates and documented and potential extreme peak discharges in Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the magnitude and frequency of floods is required for the safe and economical design of highway bridges, culverts, dams, levees, and other structures on or near streams; and for flood plain management programs. Flood frequency estimates for gaged streamflow sites were updated, documented extreme peak discharges for gaged and miscellaneous measurement sites were tabulated, and potential extreme peak discharges for Oklahoma streamflow sites were estimated. Potential extreme peak discharges, derived from the relation between documented extreme peak discharges and contributing drainage areas, can provide valuable information concerning the maximum peak discharge that could be expected at a stream site. Potential extreme peak discharge is useful in conjunction with flood frequency analysis to give the best evaluation of flood risk at a site.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPeak discharge and flood frequency for selected recurrence intervals from 2 to 500 years were estimated for 352 gaged streamflow sites. Data through 1999 water year were used from streamflow-gaging stations with at least 8 years of record within Oklahoma or about 25 kilometers into the bordering states of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, New Mexico, and Texas. These sites were in unregulated basins, and basins affected by regulation, urbanization, and irrigation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDocumented extreme peak discharges and associated data were compiled for 514 sites in and near Oklahoma, 352 with streamflow-gaging stations and 162 at miscellaneous measurements sites or streamflow-gaging stations with short record, with a total of 671 measurements.The sites are fairly well distributed statewide, however many streams, large and small, have never been monitored.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPotential extreme peak-discharge curves were developed for streamflow sites in hydrologic regions of the state based on documented extreme peak discharges and the contributing drainage areas.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nTwo hydrologic regions, east and west, were defined using 98 degrees 15 minutes longitude as the dividing line.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014152","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Tortorelli, R.L., and McCabe, L.P., 2001, Flood frequency estimates and documented and potential extreme peak discharges in Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4152, iv, 39 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014152.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cce4b07f02db54440e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Lan P.","contributorId":101292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Lan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50395,"text":"ofr2001139 - 2001 - Geochemical analysis of soils and sediments, Coeur d'Alene drainage basin, Idaho: sampling, analytical methods, and results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T14:42:49","indexId":"ofr2001139","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-139","title":"Geochemical analysis of soils and sediments, Coeur d'Alene drainage basin, Idaho: sampling, analytical methods, and results","docAbstract":"This report presents the locations, descriptions, analytical procedures used, and an inter-lab comparison of over 1100 geochemical analyses of samples of soil and sediment in and downstream of a major lead-zinc-silver mining district in the Coeur d'Alene (CdA) drainage basin of northern Idaho. The samples fall in 3 broad categories: (1) samples from vertical profiles of floodplain soils in the valley of the main stem of the CdA River (767 samples) and of the South Fork of the CdA River (38 samples), (2) size fractionated surficial samples of sediment bedload within the channel of the South Fork of the CdA River (68 samples), and (3) samples from vertical profiles of sediment bedload within the channel of the main stem of the CdA River (260 samples).
\nFive different laboratories contributed geochemical data for this report. Four of the five laboratories employed analytical methods that require sample dissolution prior to analysis; one laboratory (US Geological Survey) used analytical instrumentation (energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence [EDXRF]) that is applied to pulverized samples. Some dissolution procedures use four acids (hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric, and hydrofluoric; Eastern Washington University [EWU] Geochemical Laboratory and XRAL Laboratories, Inc.), others use two acids (nitric acid and aqua regia; CHEMEX Labs, Inc.), and some use only concentrated nitric acid (ACZ Laboratories, Inc.). Most analyses of dissolved samples were done by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) or by ICP - MS (Mass Spectroscopy). Some analyses for Ag and K were done by Flame Atomic Absorption (FAA).
\nInter-laboratory comparisons are made for 6 elements: lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), iron\n(Fe), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd). In general inter-laboratory correlations are better for samples within the compositional range of the Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Analyses by EWU are the most accurate relative to the NIST standards (mean recoveries within 1% for Pb, Fe, Mn, and As, 3% for Zn and 5% for Cd) and are the most precise (within 7% of the mean at the 95% confidence interval). USGS-EDXRF is similarly accurate for Pb and Zn. XRAL and ACZ are relatively accurate for Pb (within 5-8% of certified NIST values), but were considerably less accurate for the other 5 elements of concern (10-25% of NIST values). However, analyses of sample splits by more than one laboratory reveal that, for some elements, XRAL (Pb, Mn, Cd) and ACZ (Pb, Mn, Zn, Fe) analyses were comparable to EWU analyses of the same samples (when values are within the range of NIST SRMs). These results suggest that, for some elements, XRAL and ACZ dissolutions are more effective on the matrix of the CdA samples than on the matrix of the NIST samples (obtained from soils around Butte, Montana). Splits of CdA samples analyzed by CHEMEX were the least accurate, yielding values 10-25% less than those of EWU.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2001139","usgsCitation":"Box, S.E., Bookstrom, A.A., Ikramuddin, M., and Lindsay, J., 2001, Geochemical analysis of soils and sediments, Coeur d'Alene drainage basin, Idaho: sampling, analytical methods, and results (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-139, Report: 70 p.; ReadMe; Complete digital data package; Metadata; 7 Appendices: xls and dbf files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001139.","productDescription":"Report: 70 p.; ReadMe; Complete digital data package; Metadata; 7 Appendices: xls and dbf files","numberOfPages":"206","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2001139.PNG"},{"id":10780,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":291343,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/of01-139.pdf"},{"id":291344,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/readme.txt"},{"id":291345,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/of01-139.zip"},{"id":291346,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/of01-139.met.txt"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur D�alene Drainage Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.733333,47.466667 ], [ -116.733333,47.583333 ], [ -115.716667,47.583333 ], [ -115.716667,47.466667 ], [ -116.733333,47.466667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ikramuddin, Mohammed","contributorId":46115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikramuddin","given":"Mohammed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsay, James","contributorId":34993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70231234,"text":"70231234 - 2001 - Road log and stop descriptions; Day 1, Stop 1; Delaware Water Gap; geologic overview, stratigraphy, structure, formation of the gap, and glacial geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-04T16:40:21.08086","indexId":"70231234","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-31T11:53:58","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Road log and stop descriptions; Day 1, Stop 1; Delaware Water Gap; geologic overview, stratigraphy, structure, formation of the gap, and glacial geology","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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