Five streamflow gain-loss measurement surveys were made along lower San Pedro Creek and the San Antonio River from Mitchell Street to South Loop 410 east of Kelly Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas, during May–October 1999. All of the measurements were made during dry periods, when stormwater runoff was not occurring and effects of possible bank storage were minimized. San Pedro Creek and the San Antonio River were divided into six subreaches, and streamflow measurements were made simultaneously at the boundaries of these subreaches so that streamflow gains or losses and estimates of inflow from or outflow to shallow ground water could be quantified for each subreach. There are two possible sources of ground-water inflow to lower San Pedro Creek and the San Antonio River east of Kelly Air Force Base. One source is direct inflow of shallow ground water into the streams. The other source is ground water that enters tributaries that flow into the San Antonio River. The estimated mean direct inflow of ground water to the combined San Pedro Creek and San Antonio River study reach was 3.0 cubic feet per second or 1.9 million gallons per day. The mean tributary inflow of ground water was estimated to be 1.9 cubic feet per second or 1.2 million gallons per day. The total estimated inflow of shallow ground water was 4.9 cubic feet per second or 3.2 million gallons per day. The amount of inflow from springs and seeps (estimated by observation) is much less than the amount of direct ground-water inflow estimated from the gain-loss measurements. Therefore, the presence of springs and seeps might not be a reliable indicator of the source of shallow ground water entering the river. Most of the shallow ground water that enters the San Antonio River from tributary inflow enters from the west side, through Concepcion Creek, inflows near Riverside Golf Course, and Six-Mile Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0223","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, Air Logistics Center, Kelly Air Force Base, Environmental Management Office","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., 2002, Gain-loss study of lower San Pedro Creek and the San Antonio River, San Antonio, Texas, May-October 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-23, HTML document; Report: iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0223.","productDescription":"HTML document; Report: iii, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0223.JPG"},{"id":333154,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02-023/pdf/ofr02-023.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.69 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":3139,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02-023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.6,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -98.6,\n 29.3\n ],\n [\n -98.4,\n 29.3\n ],\n [\n -98.4,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -98.6,\n 29.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b141b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32978,"text":"ofr0224 - 2002 - Fish, benthic-macroinvertebrate, and stream-habitat data from two estuaries near Galveston Bay, Texas, 2000-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:46:24","indexId":"ofr0224","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-24","title":"Fish, benthic-macroinvertebrate, and stream-habitat data from two estuaries near Galveston Bay, Texas, 2000-2001","docAbstract":"This report presents data on the status of fish, macroinvertebrates, and stream habitat collected from 10 sites in the lower (estuarine) parts of Armand and Dickinson Bayous near Galveston Bay, Texas, during summer 2000 and winter 2001. The total number of individual fish caught at the five Armand Bayou sites (2,091) was greater than at the five Dickinson Bayou sites (1,055), but the total number of fish species caught at Dickinson Bayou sites (37) was greater than at Armand Bayou sites (30). The total number of invertebrates (26,641) and the total number of invertebrate taxa (141) were both greater at Armand Bayou sites than at Dickinson Bayou sites (10,467 and 131, respectively). Among habitat data, the average sinuosity of Armand Bayou sites (1.31) was greater than that of Dickinson Bayou sites (1.14). Mean left-bank and right-bank slopes were greater at Armand Bayou sites than at Dickinson Bayou sites, although the Armand Bayou banks were lower and narrower than the Dickinson Bayou banks. The Dickinson Bayou channel was deeper at the sampling sites than the Armand Bayou channel.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/ofr0224","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Houston-Galveston Area Council","usgsCitation":"Hogan, J.L., 2002, Fish, benthic-macroinvertebrate, and stream-habitat data from two estuaries near Galveston Bay, Texas, 2000-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-24, HTML Document; Report: iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0224.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iii, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0224.JPG"},{"id":333158,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02-024/pdf/02-024.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":3140,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02-024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.75,\n 29.3\n ],\n [\n -94.75,\n 29.7\n ],\n [\n -95.3,\n 29.7\n ],\n [\n -95.3,\n 29.3\n ],\n [\n -94.75,\n 29.3\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef4ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, Jennifer L.","contributorId":51812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32979,"text":"ofr0248 - 2002 - Source water identification and chemical typing for nitrogen at the Kissimmee River, Pool C, Florida — Preliminary assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T18:37:05.36277","indexId":"ofr0248","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-48","title":"Source water identification and chemical typing for nitrogen at the Kissimmee River, Pool C, Florida — Preliminary assessment","docAbstract":"As part of the South Florida Water Management District's Ground Water-Surface Water Interactions Study, a project was undertaken to identify the ages and sources of water in the area of Pool C, Kissimmee River, Florida. Twenty-two water samples were collected along two transects: at a remnant river oxbows (Site D) and in the dredged part of the channel (Site C). The samples were analyzed for concentrations of fluoride and strontium, and for isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Selected samples were analyzed for one or more additional isotopes (carbon-14, the ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86, tritium, and tritium-helium-3). Delta nitrogen-15 values for nitrate at Site C can be explained by soil nitrogen and fertilizer sources; at Site D soil nitrogen accounts for most values, although animal wastes may explain higher values. Some of the isotopic data seem to be contradictory: carbon-14 data apparently indicate that shallow ground water is younger at Site D than at Site C, whereas strontium-87/86 ratios lead to the opposite conclusion. More detailed analysis of major ions and nutrients for all sampling points, along with flow measurements, could allow more definitive interpretation of isotope data and provide additional insight into mixing of ground water and surface water at the sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0248","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002, Source water identification and chemical typing for nitrogen at the Kissimmee River, Pool C, Florida — Preliminary assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-48, iii, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0248.","productDescription":"iii, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3141,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02-048","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402704,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51405.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Kissimmee River, Pool C","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.243896484375,\n 27.352252938063845\n ],\n [\n -81.00494384765625,\n 27.352252938063845\n ],\n [\n -81.00494384765625,\n 27.49852672279832\n ],\n [\n -81.243896484375,\n 27.49852672279832\n ],\n [\n -81.243896484375,\n 27.352252938063845\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7789","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32981,"text":"ofr02124 - 2002 - Ground-water-quality data for Albany and surrounding areas, Southwest Georgia, 1951-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T15:45:12","indexId":"ofr02124","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-124","title":"Ground-water-quality data for Albany and surrounding areas, Southwest Georgia, 1951-99","docAbstract":"This report presents ground-water-quality data from the surficial, Upper Floridan, Claiborne, Clayton, and Upper Cretaceous aquifers in the Albany and surrounding areas of southwest Georgia. Water-quality data from about 186 wells in Baker, Calhoun, Dougherty, Lee, Mitchell, Terrell, and Worth Counties are presented for the period from 1951 through 1999. The data include field water-quality parameters collected during 1951-99, volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds collected during 1981-97, inorganic compounds collected during 1951-99, trace metals collected during 1964-99, radiochemicals collected during 1993-95, herbicides and insecticides collected during 1980-97, and recovery data for laboratory surrogate compounds (used for quality control and quality assurance for organic samples) collected during 1993-97. Ground-water quality data are presented in tables by data type and arranged by well number.\r\n\r\nIllustrations in this report contain information about study area location, well location, stratigraphy, and formation water-bearing properties. Ground-water-quality data are presented in text files and in a data base that includes geographic and tabular data. Data presented in this report provide a base with which to better define and interpret the quality of ground water in Albany, Ga., and surrounding areas. Although some of these data may have been published in previous reports associated with water-resources investigations, water-quality data are compiled as a useful resource.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02124","usgsCitation":"Warner, D., Easoz, J.A., and Priest, S., 2002, Ground-water-quality data for Albany and surrounding areas, Southwest Georgia, 1951-99: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-124, 1 CD-ROM : ill., maps (some col.) ; 4 3/4 in. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02124.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM : ill., maps (some col.) ; 4 3/4 in. ","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13457,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02-124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Baker County, Calhoun County, Dougherty County, Lee County, Mitchell County, Terrell County, Worth County","city":"Albany","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.5086,31.0785],[-84.5428,31.0789],[-84.5371,31.2562],[-84.6415,31.2588],[-84.6371,31.3319],[-84.6275,31.3316],[-84.6271,31.3412],[-84.6368,31.3411],[-84.6354,31.4338],[-84.7895,31.4364],[-84.7909,31.4551],[-84.8007,31.4609],[-84.8069,31.4731],[-84.7973,31.4737],[-84.7968,31.5002],[-84.807,31.5014],[-84.8073,31.4914],[-84.8197,31.4916],[-84.8198,31.519],[-84.8096,31.5192],[-84.8098,31.5306],[-84.8195,31.5309],[-84.8188,31.5478],[-84.8102,31.5479],[-84.8099,31.5566],[-84.8004,31.5641],[-84.8181,31.566],[-84.8182,31.5911],[-84.8279,31.5924],[-84.8276,31.6019],[-84.8179,31.6021],[-84.8172,31.6199],[-84.6564,31.6215],[-84.6557,31.6379],[-84.6493,31.638],[-84.6494,31.6435],[-84.6359,31.6437],[-84.6363,31.6378],[-84.6234,31.6375],[-84.6222,31.6284],[-84.6066,31.6282],[-84.6062,31.6377],[-84.5982,31.6379],[-84.5973,31.6214],[-84.5865,31.6211],[-84.5863,31.6376],[-84.5777,31.6372],[-84.5779,31.6213],[-84.5688,31.6209],[-84.5684,31.6287],[-84.5571,31.6284],[-84.557,31.6211],[-84.5468,31.6212],[-84.537,31.6442],[-84.5401,31.6656],[-84.535,31.6793],[-84.5693,31.7564],[-84.5631,31.7707],[-84.603,31.7719],[-84.6,31.9216],[-84.4532,31.9195],[-84.4533,31.9245],[-84.4452,31.9264],[-84.4438,31.9675],[-84.4212,31.9431],[-84.4038,31.9342],[-84.3955,31.9238],[-84.3846,31.9176],[-84.3746,31.9022],[-84.3423,31.8739],[-84.338,31.8735],[-84.3376,31.9163],[-83.9226,31.9119],[-83.9327,31.8972],[-83.9293,31.8876],[-83.9341,31.8812],[-83.9269,31.8644],[-83.9376,31.8561],[-83.9386,31.8456],[-83.9219,31.8476],[-83.8797,31.837],[-83.857,31.8362],[-83.8558,31.8198],[-83.8455,31.8194],[-83.8456,31.8281],[-83.8282,31.8104],[-83.8174,31.8123],[-83.799,31.8011],[-83.7967,31.6232],[-83.7074,31.6192],[-83.6992,31.6037],[-83.6841,31.5965],[-83.6771,31.6002],[-83.6706,31.5953],[-83.6726,31.5756],[-83.6672,31.5674],[-83.6618,31.5656],[-83.6533,31.5707],[-83.6495,31.568],[-83.6504,31.4845],[-83.6654,31.4848],[-83.6659,31.4734],[-83.6666,31.4342],[-83.6538,31.4338],[-83.654,31.3325],[-83.7135,31.3316],[-83.7139,31.3184],[-83.7589,31.319],[-83.759,31.3322],[-83.999,31.3349],[-84.0033,31.112],[-84.0134,31.1119],[-84.0138,31.1028],[-84.0031,31.1024],[-84.0039,31.0773],[-84.5086,31.0785]],[[-84.0149,31.657],[-84.0159,31.6542],[-84.0149,31.657]],[[-84.1445,31.4289],[-84.1445,31.4289]],[[-84.1513,31.4165],[-84.1513,31.4165]],[[-84.2001,31.3777],[-84.2001,31.3777]],[[-84.1989,31.3686],[-84.1989,31.3686]],[[-84.1977756302521,31.364340336134454],[-84.1982,31.3612],[-84.1977756302521,31.364340336134454]],[[-84.2014,31.3562],[-84.2014,31.3562]],[[-84.21222891566265,31.356188353413657],[-84.2148,31.3565],[-84.21222891566265,31.356188353413657]],[[-84.2552,31.336],[-84.2563,31.3382],[-84.2552,31.336]],[[-84.27725984251968,31.3294062992126],[-84.2797,31.3302],[-84.27725984251968,31.3294062992126]],[[-84.2813,31.3288],[-84.2813,31.3288]],[[-84.2834,31.3274],[-84.2834,31.3274]],[[-84.28784814814816,31.326816666666662],[-84.2909,31.3251],[-84.28784814814816,31.326816666666662]],[[-84.30497391304348,31.324043478260872],[-84.30497391304348,31.324043478260872]],[[-84.3143,31.3129],[-84.3143,31.3129]],[[-84.3190304347826,31.311673913043478],[-84.3218,31.3119],[-84.3190304347826,31.311673913043478]],[[-84.3223,31.3119],[-84.3223,31.3119]],[[-84.33592459016393,31.2928868852459],[-84.33592459016393,31.2928868852459]],[[-84.3406,31.2857],[-84.34107107438017,31.28221404958678],[-84.3406,31.2857]],[[-84.341,31.2775],[-84.341,31.2775]],[[-84.3526,31.2668],[-84.3526,31.2668]],[[-84.3693,31.2387],[-84.3719,31.2383],[-84.3693,31.2387]],[[-84.381,31.2345],[-84.3836,31.2336],[-84.381,31.2345]],[[-84.3937,31.2266],[-84.3937,31.2266]],[[-84.3963,31.2247],[-84.3963,31.2247]],[[-84.4113,31.1926],[-84.4133,31.188],[-84.4113,31.1926]],[[-84.4181,31.1856],[-84.4181,31.1856]],[[-84.46,31.1663],[-84.4643,31.1672],[-84.46,31.1663]],[[-84.467,31.1685],[-84.467,31.1685]],[[-84.4701,31.163],[-84.4727,31.1612],[-84.4701,31.163]],[[-84.4818,31.1569],[-84.4818,31.1569]],[[-84.5058,31.1251],[-84.5052,31.1224],[-84.5058,31.1251]],[[-84.5003,31.1179],[-84.5007,31.1137],[-84.5003,31.1179]],[[-84.5045,31.0867],[-84.5045,31.0867]],[[-84.5061,31.0844],[-84.5061,31.0844]],[[-84.3694,31.4364],[-84.3131,31.4362],[-84.3694,31.4364]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Baker\",\"state\":\"GA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648551","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, Debbie 0000-0002-5195-6657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-6657","contributorId":104106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Easoz, Jamie A.","contributorId":17663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Easoz","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Priest, Sherlyn","contributorId":23994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"Sherlyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32939,"text":"ofr02195 - 2002 - Progress on geoenvironmental models for selected mineral deposit types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-09T15:49:25","indexId":"ofr02195","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-195","title":"Progress on geoenvironmental models for selected mineral deposit types","docAbstract":"Since the beginning of economic geology as a subdiscipline of the geological sciences, economic geologists have tended to classify mineral deposits on the basis of geological, mineralogical, and geochemical criteria, in efforts to systematize our understanding of mineral deposits as an aid to exploration. These efforts have led to classifications based on commodity, geologic setting (Cox and Singer, 1986), inferred temperatures and pressures of ore formation (Lindgren, 1933), and genetic setting (Park and MacDiarmid, 1975; Jensen and Bateman, 1979). None of these classification schemes is mutually exclusive; instead, there is considerable overlap among all of these classifications. A natural outcome of efforts to classify mineral deposits is the development of “mineral deposit models.” A mineral deposit model is a systematically arranged body of information that describes some or all of the essential characteristics of a selected group of mineral deposits; it presents a concept within which essential attributes may be distinguished and from which extraneous, coincidental features may be recognized and excluded (Barton, 1993). Barton (1993) noted that the grouping of deposits on the basis of common characteristics forms the basis for a classification, but the specification of the characteristics required for belonging to the group is the basis for a model. Models range from purely descriptive to genetic. A genetic model is superior to a descriptive model because it provides a basis to distinguish essential from extraneous attributes, and it has flexibility to accommodate variability in sources, processes, and local controls. In general, a descriptive model is a necessary prerequisite to a genetic model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02195","usgsCitation":"2002, Progress on geoenvironmental models for selected mineral deposit types: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-195, 213 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02195.","productDescription":"213 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3102,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65df46","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762440,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762441,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32942,"text":"ofr02207 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): play maps and technically recoverable resource estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T15:02:46","indexId":"ofr02207","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-207","title":"U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): play maps and technically recoverable resource estimates","docAbstract":"This report provides a summary of the estimated volume of technically recoverable undiscovered oil and nonassociated gas resources for each of the 24 plays evaluated in the U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the NPRA (Bird and Houseknecht, 2002). It also provides a set of illustrations showing the stratigraphic and geographic location of each play. Additional details of this assessment will follow in later publications.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02207","usgsCitation":"Bird, K.J., and Houseknecht, D.W., 2002, U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): play maps and technically recoverable resource estimates: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-207, Report: 18 p.; Photo: 27.8 inches x 18.2 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02207.","productDescription":"Report: 18 p.; Photo: 27.8 inches x 18.2 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3112,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0207/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":164374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02207.png"},{"id":283752,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0207/images/cover_photo.jpg"},{"id":283750,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0207/pdf/of02-207.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.9500,68.0035 ], [ -159.9500,71.3851 ], [ -149.9414,71.3851 ], [ -149.9414,68.0035 ], [ -159.9500,68.0035 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613a2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32969,"text":"ofr01383 - 2002 - Methods to achieve accurate projection of regional and global raster databases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T13:56:58","indexId":"ofr01383","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-383","title":"Methods to achieve accurate projection of regional and global raster databases","docAbstract":"This research aims at building a decision support system (DSS) for selecting an optimum projection considering various factors, such as pixel size, areal extent, number of categories, spatial pattern of categories, resampling methods, and error correction methods. Specifically, this research will investigate three goals theoretically and empirically and, using the already developed empirical base of knowledge with these results, develop an expert system for map projection of raster data for regional and global database modeling. The three theoretical goals are as follows:
(1) The development of a dynamic projection that adjusts projection formulas for latitude on the basis of raster cell size to maintain equal-sized cells.
(2) The investigation of the relationships between the raster representation and the distortion of features, number of categories, and spatial pattern.
(3) The development of an error correction and resampling procedure that is based on error analysis of raster projection.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01383","usgsCitation":"Usery, E., Seong, J., Steinwand, D., and Finn, M., 2002, Methods to achieve accurate projection of regional and global raster databases: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-383, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01383.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0383/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60867,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0383/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cec1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seong, J.C.","contributorId":104109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seong","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steinwand, D.R.","contributorId":84806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finn, M.P.","contributorId":73246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":47392,"text":"ofr02138 - 2002 - Distribution of volatile organic compounds in sediments near Sutton Brook Disposal Area, Tewksbury, Massachusetts, May 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:40","indexId":"ofr02138","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-138","title":"Distribution of volatile organic compounds in sediments near Sutton Brook Disposal Area, Tewksbury, Massachusetts, May 2001","docAbstract":"Ground water at the Sutton Brook Disposal Area, a former municipal landfill in Tewksbury, Massachusetts, located adjacent to Sutton Brook, a tributary of the Shawsheen River, is contaminated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Results from the use of passive-vapor-diffusion samplers show vapor concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons as high as 500,000 parts per billion by volume in pore waters of streambed sediments along an approximate 2,000-foot reach of Sutton Brook where it flows between lobes of the former landfill. Petroleum hydrocarbons were also detected in the sediments on the eastern shore of Quarry Pond, which is south of the southern landfill lobe, with a maximum vapor concentration near 2,000 parts per billion by volume. Vapor concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediments of Sutton Brook vary by two to three orders-of-magitude over distances of 50 to 100 feet. Chlorinated hydrocarbons also were detected with passive-vapor-diffusion samplers, but generally at locations downstream of where petroleum hydrocarbons were detected, and mostly at vapor concentrations of less than 100 parts per billion by volume.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02138","usgsCitation":"Church, P.E., Lyford, F.P., and Clifford, S., 2002, Distribution of volatile organic compounds in sediments near Sutton Brook Disposal Area, Tewksbury, Massachusetts, May 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-138, iii, 16 p. : maps (some col.) ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02138.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p. : maps (some col.) ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3972,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr02138/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634a73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, P. E.","contributorId":39406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyford, F. P.","contributorId":30223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyford","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clifford, Scott","contributorId":63042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifford","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32938,"text":"ofr02183 - 2002 - Experiments in seismometer azimuth determination by comparing the sensor signal outputs with the signal output of an oriented sensor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T15:21:41","indexId":"ofr02183","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-183","title":"Experiments in seismometer azimuth determination by comparing the sensor signal outputs with the signal output of an oriented sensor","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02183","usgsCitation":"Holcomb, G.L., 2002, Experiments in seismometer azimuth determination by comparing the sensor signal outputs with the signal output of an oriented sensor: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-183, 205 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02183.","productDescription":"205 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3101,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0183/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8e23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holcomb, Gary L.","contributorId":55050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32965,"text":"ofr01123 - 2002 - Deep-towed chirp profiles of the Blake Ridge collapse structure collected on USGS Cruises 92023 and 95023 aboard the R/V Cape Hatteras in 1992 and 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T00:10:31.428478","indexId":"ofr01123","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-123","title":"Deep-towed chirp profiles of the Blake Ridge collapse structure collected on USGS Cruises 92023 and 95023 aboard the R/V Cape Hatteras in 1992 and 1995","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01123","usgsCitation":"Nealon, J.W., Dillon, W.P., Danforth, W.W., and O’Brien, T.F., 2002, Deep-towed chirp profiles of the Blake Ridge collapse structure collected on USGS Cruises 92023 and 95023 aboard the R/V Cape Hatteras in 1992 and 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-123, HTML Document: CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01123.","productDescription":"HTML Document: CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3131,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of01-123/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403574,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51899.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Blake Ridge collapse structure","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.9,\n 31.8\n ],\n [\n -75.4,\n 31.8\n ],\n [\n -75.4,\n 32.1\n ],\n [\n -75.9,\n 32.1\n ],\n [\n -75.9,\n 31.8\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67252e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nealon, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":12083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nealon","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, Thomas F. 0000-0003-0906-8450 tobrien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0906-8450","contributorId":4151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Thomas","email":"tobrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":32976,"text":"ofr0216 - 2002 - Data on occurrence of selected trace metals, organochlorines, and semivolatile organic compounds in edible fish tissues from Lake Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T17:49:04","indexId":"ofr0216","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-16","title":"Data on occurrence of selected trace metals, organochlorines, and semivolatile organic compounds in edible fish tissues from Lake Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, 1999","docAbstract":"A public-health assessment conducted for the Texas Department of Health and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry concluded that exposure to contaminants through the aquatic food chain is an indeterminate human-health hazard in Lake Worth, Fort Worth, Texas. In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force and in collaboration with the Texas Department of Health, collected samples of edible fish tissues from Lake Worth for analysis of selected trace metals, organochlorines, and semivolatile organic compounds to support a human-health risk assessment. Left-side, skin-off fillet samples were collected from 10 individuals each of channel catfish, common carp, freshwater drum (gaspergou), largemouth bass, and white crappie but only from five smallmouth buffalo. The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory analyzed the samples for 22 trace metals, 40 organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls, and 75 semivolatile organic compounds.","language":"English","publisher":" U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0216","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Air Force Aeronautical System Center, Environmental Management Directorate","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., 2002, Data on occurrence of selected trace metals, organochlorines, and semivolatile organic compounds in edible fish tissues from Lake Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-16, HTML Document; Report: iii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0216.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iii, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0216.JPG"},{"id":333161,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02-016/pdf/ofr02-016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":3138,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02-016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Fort Worth","otherGeospatial":"Lake Worth","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.6,\n 32.9\n ],\n [\n -97.6,\n 32.7\n ],\n [\n -97.3,\n 32.7\n ],\n [\n -97.3,\n 32.9\n ],\n [\n -97.6,\n 32.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c80d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J. Bruce","contributorId":53372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J. Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51176,"text":"ofr02206 - 2002 - Environmental atlas of the Lake Pontchartrain Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T19:21:19","indexId":"ofr02206","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-206","title":"Environmental atlas of the Lake Pontchartrain Basin","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02206","usgsCitation":"Beall, A., and Kindinger, J., 2002, Environmental atlas of the Lake Pontchartrain Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-206, illus., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02206.","productDescription":"illus.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4579,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":179308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667455","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Penland, Shea","contributorId":88401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749310,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Beall, Andrew","contributorId":45383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beall","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack","contributorId":107338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44282,"text":"ofr0278 - 2002 - Abstracts of the annual Planetary Geologic Mappers Meeting, June 18-19, 2001, Albuquerque, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T19:19:27","indexId":"ofr0278","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-78","title":"Abstracts of the annual Planetary Geologic Mappers Meeting, June 18-19, 2001, Albuquerque, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The annual Planetary Geologic Mappers Meeting serves two purposes. In addition to giving mappers the opportunity to exchange ideas, experiences, victories, and problems with others, presentations are reviewed by the Geologic Mapping Subcommittee (GeMS) to provide input to the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Mapping Program review panel’s consideration of new proposals and progress reports that include mapping tasks. Funded mappers bring both oral presentation materials (slides or viewgraphs) and map products to post for review by GeMS and fellow mappers. Additionally, the annual meetings typically feature optional field trips offering earth analogs and parallels to planetary mapping problems.
\nThe 2001 Mappers Meeting, June 18-19, was convened by Tim Parker, Dave Senske, and Ken Tanaka and was hosted by Larry Crumpler and Jayne Aubele of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Oral presentations were given in the Museum’s Honeywell Auditorium, and maps were posted in the Sandia Room. In addition to active mappers, guests included local science teachers who had successfully competed for the right to attend and listen to the reports. It was a unique pleasure for mappers to have the opportunity to interact with and provide information to teachers responding so enthusiastically to the meeting presentation.
\nOn Sunday, June 17, Larry and Jayne conducted an optional pre-meeting field trip. The flanks of Rio Grande Rift, east and west of Albuquerque and Valles Caldera north of town presented tectonic, volcanic, and sedimentary examples of the Rift and adjoining areas analogous to observed features on Mars and Venus. The arid but volcanically and tectonically active environment of New Mexico’s rift valley enables focus on features that appear morphologically young and spectacular in satellite images and digital relief models. The theme of the trip was to see what, at orbiter resolution, \"obvious\" geologic features look like at lander (outcrop) scales. Trips to the top of the rift-flanking mountains (Sandia Peak, 10,600 ft) and the Valles Caldera, as well as various active spring deposits highlighted the day.
\nAfter welcoming remarks from the host, Larry Crumpler, opening remarks by Tim Parker and Dave Senske and a report on mapping program status by Ken Tanaka, the mappers’ oral presentations began the morning of June 18, with a session on Venus Geologic Mapping. The afternoon continued with an exciting USGS Planetary GIS on the Web (PIGWAD) demonstration and ended with an open discussion of issues in planetary mapping. Posted maps of Venus quadrangles were viewed during the morning break.
\nTuesday’s Mars Geologic Mapping session began with a pep talk from Tim Parker encouraging mapping community input to the MER landing site selection committee and continued with Steve Saunders describing the potential contribution of Odyssey Mission data to the geologic mapping of Mars. A Mars map poster session was held during the morning break, and the meeting was adjourned mid-afternoon.
\nAfter the mappers meeting on Tuesday, attendants were treated to a \"Field trip to Mars.\" The Institute of Meteoritics at the University of New Mexico houses an outstanding collection of meteorites, including those that have been identified as originating from Mars. The Institute tour featured examples of most of the different lithologies exhibited by martian meteorites identified to date, as well as some of the analytical tests (scanning electron microscope) they are conducting on specimens from ALH84001.
\nWednesday, June 20, featured an optional post-meeting field trip to see a travertine quarry and nearby sites of travertine deposition, the Very Large Array near Socorro, and other volcanic features within the Rio Grande Rift.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0278","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., and Senske, D.A., 2002, Abstracts of the annual Planetary Geologic Mappers Meeting, June 18-19, 2001, Albuquerque, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-78, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0278.","productDescription":"27 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":173256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0278.jpg"},{"id":283406,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0078/pdf/of02-078.pdf"},{"id":3707,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0078/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Rift;Mars;Valles Caldera;Venus","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a38f1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Parker, Thomas J. tparker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Thomas","email":"tparker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":749308,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":229469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senske, David A.","contributorId":32975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senske","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32944,"text":"ofr02189 - 2002 - Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:09","indexId":"ofr02189","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-189","title":"Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences","docAbstract":"Data on rare earth (including yttrium) mines, deposits, and occurrences were compiled as part of an effort by the USGS and the University of Arizona Center for Mineral Resources to summarize current knowledge on the supply and demand outlook and related topics for this group of elements. Economic competition and environmental concerns are increasingly constraining the mining and processing of rare earths from the Mountain Pass mine in California. For many years, the deposit at Mountain Pass was the world's dominant source of rare earth elements and the United States was essentially self-sufficient. Starting approximately 10 years ago, the U.S. has become increasingly dependent (> 90 percent of separated rare earths) upon imports from China, now the dominant source of rare earths. A knowledge of the known economic and noneconomic sources of rare earths is basic to evaluating the outlook for rare earth supply and associated issues.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr02189","usgsCitation":"Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I., 2002, Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-189, Report: 174 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02189.","productDescription":"Report: 174 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11520,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-189/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -166.5,-41.1 ], [ -166.5,71 ], [ 175.86666666666667,71 ], [ 175.86666666666667,-41.1 ], [ -166.5,-41.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684cea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orris, Greta J. 0000-0002-2340-9955 greta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-9955","contributorId":3472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orris","given":"Greta","email":"greta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, Richard I. 0000-0002-1763-0813 rgrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":1193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"Richard","email":"rgrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32980,"text":"ofr02102 - 2002 - Water-quality monitoring and studies of the formation and fate of trihalomethanes during the third injection, storage and recovery test at Lancaster, Antelope Valley, California, March 1998 through April 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:17","indexId":"ofr02102","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-102","title":"Water-quality monitoring and studies of the formation and fate of trihalomethanes during the third injection, storage and recovery test at Lancaster, Antelope Valley, California, March 1998 through April 1999","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works and the Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency, conducted three cycles of injection, storage, and recovery tests to evaluate the feasibility of artificially recharging ground water in the Lancaster area of Antelope Valley, California. During the third cycle (March 1998 through April 1999), the tests included investigations of the formation and fate of trihalomethanes in the aquifer. Trihalomethanes are disinfection by-products formed by reaction between natural dissolved organic carbon that is present in water and chlorine that is added during the drinking-water-treatment process. This report includes a discussion of the design of the investigation; descriptions of the sampling, analytical, and experimental methods used in the investigation; and a presentation of the data collected.\r\n\r\nDuring the third cycle, 60 million gallons of chlorinated water was injected into the aquifer through well 7N/12W-27P2 in the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works well field in Lancaster between April 15 and June 16, 1998. One hundred fifty million gallons of water was extracted from the same well between June 30, 1998, and April 29, 1999. Water-quality samples were collected during the entire cycle from the well and from a nearby set of nested piezometers, and were analyzed for residual chlorine, dissolved organic carbon, trihalomethane, major anion, and dissolved solid concentrations; ultraviolet absorbance spectra; and a number of field water-quality parameters. A statistical analysis was done to evaluate the analytical precision of the residual chlorine, dissolved organic carbon, trihalomethane, and ultraviolet absorbance measurements on these samples. The formation of trihalomethanes in the injection water was examined in laboratory experiments: Trihalomethane concentrations in samples of injection water were monitored during a storage period, and trihalomethane formation potential in the presence of excess chlorine was measured. The role of mixing between injection water and ground water and the conservative or non-conservative behavior of trihalomethanes was studied by adding a conservative tracer, sulfur hexafluoride, to the injection water and monitoring its concentration in the extraction water. The potential for biodegradation of trihalomethanes by aquifer bacteria was assessed in laboratory experiments: Microcosms containing ground water or extraction water and sediment or concentrated bacteria were spiked with trihalomethanes, and the amount of trihalomethanes was monitored during an incubation period. The potential for sorption of trihalomethanes to aquifer sediments was assessed in laboratory experiments: Mixtures of sediment and water were spiked with trihalomethanes, and then the trihalomethane concentrations were measured after an equilibration period.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02102","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., Berghouse, J.K., Bergamaschi, B., Fujii, R., Goodwin, K.D., and Clark, J., 2002, Water-quality monitoring and studies of the formation and fate of trihalomethanes during the third injection, storage and recovery test at Lancaster, Antelope Valley, California, March 1998 through April 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-102, 48 p.; 8 illus.; 27 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02102.","productDescription":"48 p.; 8 illus.; 27 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3142,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr02102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5611","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berghouse, Joshua K.","contributorId":19990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berghouse","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goodwin, Kelly D.","contributorId":79934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clark, Jordan F.","contributorId":106177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jordan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":32947,"text":"ofr02144 - 2002 - Methods of installing United States National Seismographic Network (USNSN) stations -- a construction manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:16","indexId":"ofr02144","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-144","title":"Methods of installing United States National Seismographic Network (USNSN) stations -- a construction manual","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02144","usgsCitation":"McMillan, J.R., 2002, Methods of installing United States National Seismographic Network (USNSN) stations -- a construction manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-144, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02144.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3115,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62be5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMillan, John R.","contributorId":27905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMillan","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32934,"text":"ofr02171 - 2002 - User's guide to HYPOINVERSE-2000, a Fortran program to solve for earthquake locations and magnitudes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-07T10:45:40","indexId":"ofr02171","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-171","title":"User's guide to HYPOINVERSE-2000, a Fortran program to solve for earthquake locations and magnitudes","docAbstract":"Hypoinverse is a computer program that processes files of seismic station data for an earthquake (like p wave arrival times and seismogram amplitudes and durations) into earthquake locations and magnitudes. It is one of a long line of similar USGS programs including HYPOLAYR (Eaton, 1969), HYPO71 (Lee and Lahr, 1972), and HYPOELLIPSE (Lahr, 1980).
\nIf you are new to Hypoinverse, you may want to start by glancing at the section “SOME SIMPLE COMMAND SEQUENCES” to get a feel of some simpler sessions. This document is essentially an advanced user’s guide, and reading it sequentially will probably plow the reader into more detail than he/she needs. Every user must have a crust model, station list and phase data input files, and glancing at these sections is a good place to begin. The program has many options because it has grown over the years to meet the needs of one the largest seismic networks in the world, but small networks with just a few stations do use the program and can ignore most of the options and commands.
\nHistory and availability. Hypoinverse was originally written for the Eclipse minicomputer in 1978 (Klein, 1978). A revised version for VAX and Pro-350 computers (Klein, 1985) was later expanded to include multiple crustal models and other capabilities (Klein, 1989). This current report documents the expanded Y2000 version and it supercedes the earlier documents. It serves as a detailed user's guide to the current version running on unix and VAX-alpha computers, and to the version supplied with the Earthworm earthquake digitizing system. Fortran-77 source code (Sun and VAX compatible) and copies of this documentation is available via anonymous ftp from computers in Menlo Park. At present, the computer is swave.wr.usgs.gov and the directory is /ftp/pub/outgoing/klein/hyp2000. If you are running Hypoinverse on one of the Menlo Park EHZ or NCSN unix computers, the executable currently is ~klein/hyp2000/hyp2000.
\nNew features. The Y2000 version of Hypoinverse includes all of the previous capabilities, but adds Y2000 formats to those defined earlier. In most cases, the new formats add 2 digits to the year field to accommodate the century. Other fields are sometimes rearranged or expanded to accommodate a better field order. The Y2000 formats are invoked with the “200” command. When the Y2000 flag is turned on, all files are read and written in the new format and there is no mixing of format types in a single run. Some formats without a date field, like station files, have not changed. A separate program called 2000CONV has been written to convert old formats to new.
\nOther new features, like expanded station names, calculating amplitude magnitudes from a variety of digital seismometers, station history files, interactive earthquake processing, and locations from CUSP (Caltech USGS Seismic Processing) binary files have been added.
\nGeneral features. Hypoinverse will locate any number of events in an input file, which can be in one of several different formats. Any or all of printout, summary or archive output may be produced.
\nHypoinverse is driven by user commands. The various commands define input and output files, set adjustable parameters, and solve for locations of a file of earthquake data using the parameters and files currently set. It is both interactive and \"batch\" in that commands may be executed either from the keyboard or from a file. You execute the commands in a file by typing @filename at the Hypoinverse prompt. Users may either supply parameters on the command line, or omit them and are prompted interactively. The current parameter values are displayed and may be taken as defaults by pressing just the RETURN key after the prompt. This makes the program very easy to use, providing you can remember the names of the commands. Combining commands with and without their required parameters into a command file permits a variety of customized procedures such as automatic input of crustal model and station data, but prompting for a different phase file each time.
\nAll commands are 3 letters long and most require one or more parameters or file names. If they appear on a line with a command, character strings such as filenames must be enclosed in apostrophes (single quotes). Appendix 1 gives this and other free-format rules for supplying parameters, which are parsed in Fortran. When several parameters are required following a command, any of them may be omitted by replacing them with null fields (see appendix 1). A null field leaves that parameter unchanged from its current or default value. When you start HYPOINVERSE, default values are in effect for all parameters except file names.
\nHypoinverse is a complicated program with many features and options. Many of these \"advanced\" or seldom used features are documented here, but are more detailed than a typical user needs to read about when first starting with the program. I have put some of this material in smaller type so that a first time user can concentrate on the more important information.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02171","usgsCitation":"Klein, F.W., 2002, User's guide to HYPOINVERSE-2000, a Fortran program to solve for earthquake locations and magnitudes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-171, 123 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02171.","productDescription":"123 p.","numberOfPages":"123","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02171.jpg"},{"id":3097,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0171/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283467,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0171/pdf/of02-171.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603e5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Fred W. klein@usgs.gov","contributorId":4417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Fred","email":"klein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32941,"text":"ofr02203 - 2002 - Borehole velocity measurements at five sites that recorded the Cape Mendocino, California earthquake of 25 April, 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T14:44:55","indexId":"ofr02203","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-203","title":"Borehole velocity measurements at five sites that recorded the Cape Mendocino, California earthquake of 25 April, 1992","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), as part of an ongoing program to acquire seismic velocity and geologic data at locations that recorded strong-ground motions during earthquakes, has investigated five sites in the Fortuna, California region (Figure 1). We selected drill sites at strong-motion stations that recorded high accelerations (Table 1) from the Cape Mendocino earthquake (M 7.0) of 25 April 1992 (Oppenheimer et al., 1993). The boreholes were drilled to a nominal depth of 95 meters (310 ft) and cased with schedule 80 pvc-casing grouted in place at each location. S-wave and P-wave data were acquired at each site using a surface source and a borehole three-component geophone. This report contains the velocity models interpreted from the borehole data and gives reference to locations and peak accelerations at the selected strong-motion stations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02203","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, J., Tinsley, J., and Boore, D.M., 2002, Borehole velocity measurements at five sites that recorded the Cape Mendocino, California earthquake of 25 April, 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-203, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02203.","productDescription":"48 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3111,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":164373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60847,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0203/pdf/of02-203.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.40655,40.283417 ], [ -124.40655,40.345413 ], [ -124.266993,40.345413 ], [ -124.266993,40.283417 ], [ -124.40655,40.283417 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6029bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, James F.","contributorId":95880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinsley, John C. III jtinsley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"John C.","suffix":"III","email":"jtinsley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32940,"text":"ofr02196 - 2002 - Bedrock and soil geochemistry from Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T14:07:33","indexId":"ofr02196","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-196","title":"Bedrock and soil geochemistry from Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Bedrock, forest floor, and mineral soil sampling in Voyageurs National Park (VNP), Minnesota in 2000 and 2001 is part of a multidisciplinary project that includes the U. S. Geological Survey, National Park Service, University of Wisconsin – La Crosse, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. The joint project is examining the distribution of mercury in age-1 perch, lake water, bedrock and soils for eighteen watersheds in the interior of VNP. The purpose of the project was to establish the background and baseline geochemistry for bedrock and soil in the region, and to determine terrestrial mercury sources and sinks in VNP.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr02196","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Cannon, W.F., Dicken, C.L., and Pimley, S., 2002, Bedrock and soil geochemistry from Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-196, ii, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02196.","productDescription":"ii, 8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02196.JPG"},{"id":3103,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.15788269042969, 48.62519355056901 ], [ -93.15513610839844, 48.57524422229134 ], [ -93.14414978027344, 48.562976382535126 ], [ -93.1146240234375, 48.5493419587775 ], [ -93.11187744140625, 48.54616006450406 ], [ -93.11050415039062, 48.5152398224152 ], [ -93.14002990722656, 48.5152398224152 ], [ -93.14826965332031, 48.50978134908701 ], [ -93.14964294433594, 48.48111471624846 ], [ -93.09333801269531, 48.48202501720533 ], [ -93.09333801269531, 48.48930683675482 ], [ -93.08097839355469, 48.489761915762536 ], [ -93.07479858398438, 48.48794157522781 ], [ -93.07273864746094, 48.48430069812584 ], [ -93.0603790283203, 48.48521094190555 ], [ -93.05557250976562, 48.47974923418227 ], [ -93.06587219238281, 48.4765629664158 ], [ -93.07891845703125, 48.47428693834255 ], [ -93.08029174804688, 48.46609239183472 ], [ -93.05763244628906, 48.46427120178859 ], [ -93.05076599121094, 48.46290526636771 ], [ -93.05145263671875, 48.458807239544754 ], [ -93.05351257324217, 48.453798090798294 ], [ -93.05419921875, 48.45106561953216 ], [ -93.04458618164062, 48.447877550537136 ], [ -93.04183959960938, 48.436489955944154 ], [ -93.02742004394531, 48.434667703888834 ], [ -93.02604675292969, 48.44241182374619 ], [ -93.01300048828125, 48.44013426398058 ], [ -93.00613403320311, 48.43512327303003 ], [ -93.00407409667969, 48.432389796908886 ], [ -92.99652099609375, 48.42692240348919 ], [ -93.00338745117188, 48.424644149283594 ], [ -93.00270080566406, 48.410516693689175 ], [ -92.95669555664062, 48.40914931221878 ], [ -92.95326232910156, 48.398664832741375 ], [ -92.91275024414061, 48.40003249610685 ], [ -92.91343688964844, 48.4164415885222 ], [ -92.80288696289062, 48.41598585189281 ], [ -92.80288696289062, 48.42054303435203 ], [ -92.78572082519531, 48.42054303435203 ], [ -92.78434753417969, 48.40185599006367 ], [ -92.74589538574219, 48.4045911084346 ], [ -92.74658203125, 48.41370710746712 ], [ -92.72941589355469, 48.41370710746712 ], [ -92.72804260253906, 48.38817819201506 ], [ -92.6422119140625, 48.38909015961602 ], [ -92.63946533203124, 48.37677721805463 ], [ -92.62710571289062, 48.369935407913786 ], [ -92.61337280273438, 48.36354888898689 ], [ -92.59552001953125, 48.35670530140269 ], [ -92.59208679199219, 48.350773448467265 ], [ -92.59140014648438, 48.34255897353981 ], [ -92.57080078125, 48.322473571887066 ], [ -92.52479553222656, 48.32201699353493 ], [ -92.52479553222656, 48.306490897851745 ], [ -92.49046325683594, 48.30603417645622 ], [ -92.4835968017578, 48.29735569338565 ], [ -92.471923828125, 48.29278747807136 ], [ -92.45475769042969, 48.28913261153411 ], [ -92.449951171875, 48.32384328242262 ], [ -92.4664306640625, 48.34757908776668 ], [ -92.47947692871094, 48.37084770238363 ], [ -92.45475769042969, 48.40231185333918 ], [ -92.45681762695312, 48.41416286452279 ], [ -92.47673034667969, 48.41826449418743 ], [ -92.48016357421875, 48.424644149283594 ], [ -92.48153686523438, 48.428289306991815 ], [ -92.48977661132812, 48.43011178780492 ], [ -92.50694274902342, 48.44742209577057 ], [ -92.53509521484375, 48.449243890328724 ], [ -92.57148742675781, 48.44104530014126 ], [ -92.65525817871092, 48.436489955944154 ], [ -92.66349792480467, 48.44013426398058 ], [ -92.69027709960938, 48.44377831058805 ], [ -92.71224975585938, 48.4615392941869 ], [ -92.70881652832031, 48.469279317167164 ], [ -92.70881652832031, 48.472921272487824 ], [ -92.70057678222656, 48.48339043800986 ], [ -92.69920349121094, 48.49294735446588 ], [ -92.6868438720703, 48.49795263955065 ], [ -92.65869140625, 48.49704262447178 ], [ -92.6531982421875, 48.50068258677571 ], [ -92.64289855957031, 48.50068258677571 ], [ -92.63465881347656, 48.49977262070255 ], [ -92.625732421875, 48.50295743049266 ], [ -92.6319122314453, 48.50796172730254 ], [ -92.62847900390625, 48.510236244324055 ], [ -92.625732421875, 48.512510659255334 ], [ -92.62916564941406, 48.5147849720974 ], [ -92.62435913085936, 48.517514012751505 ], [ -92.62985229492188, 48.52297165304546 ], [ -92.63465881347656, 48.54252336892718 ], [ -92.66006469726562, 48.54661463307771 ], [ -92.72941589355469, 48.5402503014931 ], [ -92.8948974609375, 48.59568400838304 ], [ -92.90931701660156, 48.596138131960906 ], [ -92.92991638183594, 48.60658184761339 ], [ -92.94914245605469, 48.608397925562606 ], [ -92.9498291015625, 48.63018576693964 ], [ -92.95463562011719, 48.63200099590253 ], [ -92.98347473144531, 48.62428582180531 ], [ -93.08990478515625, 48.62791663890294 ], [ -93.15788269042969, 48.62519355056901 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63da72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dicken, Connie L. 0000-0002-1617-8132 cdicken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1617-8132","contributorId":57098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dicken","given":"Connie","email":"cdicken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pimley, Shana","contributorId":96318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pimley","given":"Shana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":32937,"text":"ofr02180 - 2002 - Evaluation of economically extractable coal resources in the Gillette coal field, Powder River basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T15:08:50","indexId":"ofr02180","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-180","title":"Evaluation of economically extractable coal resources in the Gillette coal field, Powder River basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02180","usgsCitation":"Ellis, M.S., Molnia, C.L., Osmonson, L.M., Ochs, A.M., Rohrbacher, T.J., Mercier, T.J., and Roberts, L.N., 2002, Evaluation of economically extractable coal resources in the Gillette coal field, Powder River basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-180, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02180.","productDescription":"48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3100,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fae09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, Margaret S. mellis@usgs.gov","contributorId":198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Margaret","email":"mellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molnia, Carol L.","contributorId":62238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osmonson, Lee M.","contributorId":33322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osmonson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":209473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ochs, Allan M.","contributorId":57513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ochs","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rohrbacher, Timothy J.","contributorId":20355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohrbacher","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mercier, Tracy J. 0000-0002-8232-525X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":79529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roberts, Laura N.R.","contributorId":79530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"N.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":32936,"text":"ofr02177 - 2002 - Magnetotelluric data along the Tangle Lakes profile, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-26T21:05:40.24783","indexId":"ofr02177","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-177","title":"Magnetotelluric data along the Tangle Lakes profile, Alaska","docAbstract":"The 89 km long Tangle Lakes profile of 14 magnetotelluric (MT) stations begins 4 km south of the confluence of Augustana Creek and the Delta River in south central Alaska. The northernmost station, TLM13, is located just south of the Denali Fault in the rugged Clearwater Mountains. The north-south profile crosses the Ampitheater Mountains northwest of the Tangle Lakes area and continues until it terminates in the flatlands south of the Alphabet Hills. The profile intersects the Denali Highway 32km west of Paxson.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr02177","usgsCitation":"Sampson, J.A., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2002, Magnetotelluric data along the Tangle Lakes profile, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-177, 144 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02177.","productDescription":"144 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405727,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51835.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3099,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tangle Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145.6333,\n 62.5947\n ],\n [\n -146.5833,\n 62.5947\n ],\n [\n -146.5833,\n 63.45\n ],\n [\n -145.6333,\n 63.45\n ],\n [\n -145.6333,\n 62.5947\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sampson, Jay A.","contributorId":13939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32935,"text":"ofr02174 - 2002 - Quality of economically extractable coal beds in the Gillette coal field as compared with other Tertiary coal beds in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T15:33:54","indexId":"ofr02174","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-174","title":"Quality of economically extractable coal beds in the Gillette coal field as compared with other Tertiary coal beds in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana","docAbstract":"The Powder River Basin, and specifically the Gillette coal field, contains large quantities of economically extractable coal resources. These coal resources have low total sulfur content and ash yield, and most of the resources are subbituminous in rank. A recent U.S Geological Survey study of economically extractable coal in the Gillette coal field focused on five coal beds, the Wyodak rider, Upper Wyodak, Canyon, Lower Wyodak-Werner, and Gates/Kennedy. This report compares the coal quality of these economically extractable coal beds to coal in the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone in the Powder River Basin and in the Gillette coal field (Flores and others, 1999) and other produced coal in the Gillette coal field (Glass, 2000). The Upper Wyodak, Canyon, and Lower Wyodak/Werner beds are within the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone. Compared with all coal in the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone, both throughout the Powder River Basin and just within the Gillette coal field; the thick, persistent Upper Wyodak coal bed in the Gillette coal field has higher mean gross calorific value (8,569 Btu/lb), lower mean ash yield (5.8 percent), and lower mean total sulfur content (0.46 percent).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02174","usgsCitation":"Ellis, M.S., 2002, Quality of economically extractable coal beds in the Gillette coal field as compared with other Tertiary coal beds in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-174, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02174.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3098,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0174/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db654f6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, Margaret S. mellis@usgs.gov","contributorId":198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Margaret","email":"mellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32932,"text":"ofr02149 - 2002 - Asbestos: Geology, Mineralogy, Mining, and Uses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"ofr02149","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-149","title":"Asbestos: Geology, Mineralogy, Mining, and Uses","docAbstract":"The term asbestos is a generic designation referring usually to six types of naturally occurring mineral fibers that are or have been commercially exploited. These fibers belong to two mineral groups: serpentines and amphiboles. The serpentine group contains a single asbestiform variety: chrysotile; five asbestiform varieties of amphiboles are known: anthophyllite asbestos, grunerite asbestos (amosite), riebeckite asbestos (crocidolite), tremolite asbestos, and actinolite asbestos. These fibrous minerals share several properties which qualify them as asbestiform fibers: they are found in bundles of fibers which can be easily separated from the host matrix or cleaved into thinner fibers; the fibers exhibit high tensile strengths, they show high length: diameter (aspect) ratios, from a minimum of 20 up to greater than 1000; they are sufficiently flexible to be spun; and macroscopically, they resemble organic fibers such as cellulose. Since asbestos fibers are all silicates, they exhibit several other common properties, such as incombustibility, thermal stability, resistance to biodegradation, chemical inertia toward most chemicals, and low electrical conductivity. \r\n\r\nThe term asbestos has traditionally been attributed only to those varieties that are commercially exploited. The industrial applications of asbestos fibers have now shifted almost exclusively to chrysotile. Two types of amphiboles, commonly designated as amosite and crocidolite are no longer mined. The other three amphibole varieties, anthophyllite asbestos, actinolite asbestos, and tremolite asbestos, have no significant industrial applications presently.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02149","usgsCitation":"Virta, R.L., 2002, Asbestos: Geology, Mineralogy, Mining, and Uses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-149, 35 p. : ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02149.","productDescription":"35 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3096,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-149/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672bbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Virta, Robert L. rvirta@usgs.gov","contributorId":395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Virta","given":"Robert","email":"rvirta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32933,"text":"ofr2002165 - 2002 - Molybdenum recycling in the United States in 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"ofr2002165","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-165","title":"Molybdenum recycling in the United States in 1998","docAbstract":"This report describes the flow of molybdenum in the United States in 1998 with emphasis on the extent to which molybdenum was recycled. Molybdenum was mostly recycled from products of molybdenum-bearing steels and superalloys, with some molybdenum products recovered specifically for their high molybdenum content. In 1998, 8,000 metric tons (t) of molybdenum was estimated to have been recycled, and the recycling rate was calculated to be 33 percent, with recycling efficiency at about 30 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002165","usgsCitation":"Blossom, J.W., 2002, Molybdenum recycling in the United States in 1998 (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-165, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002165.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9156,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699264","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blossom, John W.","contributorId":85238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blossom","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32943,"text":"ofr02225 - 2002 - Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California: 1979-2001","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":32943,"text":"ofr02225 - 2002 - Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California: 1979-2001","indexId":"ofr02225","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California: 1979-2001"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":97671,"text":"ofr20091119 - 2009 - Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California","indexId":"ofr20091119","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":97671,"text":"ofr20091119 - 2009 - Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California","indexId":"ofr20091119","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T15:30:55","indexId":"ofr02225","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-225","title":"Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California: 1979-2001","docAbstract":"My purpose is to make our creep data on San Francisco Bay region active faults available to the scientific research community. My student research assistants and I measured creep (aseismic slip) rates on these faults from 1979 until my retirement from the project in 2001. These data are further described in my final technical report as principal investigator, which summarizes results from 22 September 1979 through 28 February 2001 (Galehouse, 2001). We made over 2,600 creep measurements, about one-third in the ten years prior to the Loma Prieta earthquake (LPEQ) and two-thirds in the 11.4 years following it. The measurements are continuing to be made by members of the Geosciences Department at San Francisco State University (SFSU) under the direction of Karen Grove and John Caskey. A complete analysis of our results obtained on the Hayward fault is presented in Lienkaemper, Galehouse, and Simpson (2001). A formal report based on the entire San Francisco Bay region data set is in preparation.\n\nData sheets for each site along the fault are available for downloading in Excel format to facilitate analysis of the data. They are also available as tab-delimited raw data. The data include all regular measurement sites, SF–1 through SF–34, and the 20 SFSU and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) afterslip sites on the Hayward fault.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02225","usgsCitation":"Galehouse, J.S., 2002, Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California: 1979-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-225, Report: 94 p.; Haward Fault: 1 XLS file, 1 .GZ file; SF Bay: 1 XLS file, 1 SF .GZ file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02225.","productDescription":"Report: 94 p.; Haward Fault: 1 XLS file, 1 .GZ file; SF Bay: 1 XLS file, 1 SF .GZ file","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02225.gif"},{"id":3113,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0225/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283760,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0225/pdf/of02-225.pdf"},{"id":283761,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0225/data_files/HaywardFault.tar.gz"},{"id":283762,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0225/SFBayRegion.xls"},{"id":283763,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0225/data_files/SFBayRegion.tar.gz"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.9148,36.9192 ], [ -123.9148,39.557 ], [ -120.9814,39.557 ], [ -120.9814,36.9192 ], [ -123.9148,36.9192 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galehouse, Jon S.","contributorId":57894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galehouse","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}