Host population thresholds for invasion or persistence of infectious disease are core concepts of disease ecology, and underlie on-going and controversial disease control policies based on culling and vaccination. Empirical evidence for these thresholds in wildlife populations has been sparse, however, though recent studies have narrowed this gap. Here we review the theoretical bases for population thresholds for disease, revealing why they are difficult to measure and sometimes are not even expected, and identifying important facets of wildlife ecology left out of current theories. We discuss strengths and weaknesses of selected empirical studies that have reported disease thresholds for wildlife, identify recurring obstacles, and discuss implications of our imperfect understanding of wildlife thresholds for disease control policy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2005.07.004","usgsCitation":"Lloyd-Smith, J., Cross, P., Briggs, C., Daugherty, M., Getz, W., Latto, J., Sanchez, M., Smith, A., and Swei, A., 2005, Should we expect population thresholds for wildlife disease?: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 20, no. 9, p. 511-519, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.07.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"519","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268076,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.07.004"}],"volume":"20","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683df4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lloyd-Smith, James O.","contributorId":31354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd-Smith","given":"James O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cross, P.C.","contributorId":48141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, C.J.","contributorId":27015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daugherty, M.","contributorId":18723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daugherty","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Getz, W.M.","contributorId":7669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getz","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Latto, J.","contributorId":57021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latto","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sanchez, M.","contributorId":92210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, A.","contributorId":34876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Swei, A.","contributorId":25114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swei","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70028003,"text":"70028003 - 2005 - Stable sulfur isotope partitioning during simulated petroleum formation as determined by hydrous pyrolysis of Ghareb Limestone, Israel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028003","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable sulfur isotope partitioning during simulated petroleum formation as determined by hydrous pyrolysis of Ghareb Limestone, Israel","docAbstract":"Hydrous pyrolysis experiments at 200 to 365??C were carried out on a thermally immature organic-rich limestone containing Type-IIS kerogen from the Ghareb Limestone in North Negev, Israel. This work focuses on the thermal behavior of both organic and inorganic sulfur species and the partitioning of their stable sulfur isotopes among organic and inorganic phases generated during hydrous pyrolyses. Most of the sulfur in the rock (85%) is organic sulfur. The most dominant sulfur transformation is cleavage of organic-bound sulfur to form H2 S(gas). Up to 70% of this organic sulfur is released as H2S(gas) that is isotopically lighter than the sulfur in the kerogen. Organic sulfur is enriched by up to 2??? in 34S during thermal maturation compared with the initial ??34S values. The ??34S values of the three main organic fractions (kerogen, bitumen and expelled oil) are within 1??? of one another. No thermochemical sulfate reduction or sulfate formation was observed during the experiments. The early released sulfur reacted with available iron to form secondary pyrite and is the most 34S depleted phase, which is 21??? lighter than the bulk organic sulfur. The large isotopic fractionation for the early formed H2S is a result of the system not being in equilibrium. As partial pressure of H2S(gas) increases, retro reactions with the organic sulfur in the closed system may cause isotope exchange and isotopic homogenization. Part of the ??34S-enriched secondary pyrite decomposes above 300??C resulting in a corresponding decrease in the ??34S of the remaining pyrite. These results are relevant to interpreting thermal maturation processes and their effect on kerogen-oil-H2S-pyrite correlations. In particular, the use of pyrite-kerogen ??34S relations in reconstructing diagenetic conditions of thermally mature rocks is questionable because formation of secondary pyrite during thermal maturation can mask the isotopic signature and quantity of the original diagenetic pyrite. The main transformations of kerogen to bitumen and bitumen to oil can be recorded by using both sulfur content and ??34S of each phase including the H2S(gas). H2S generated in association with oil should be isotopically lighter or similar to oil. It is concluded that small isotopic differentiation obtained between organic and inorganic sulfur species suggests closed-system conditions. Conversely, open-system conditions may cause significant isotopic discrimination between the oil and its source kerogen. The magnitude of this discrimination is suggested to be highly dependent on the availability of iron in a source rock resulting in secondary formation of pyrite. Copyright ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2005.06.026","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Amrani, A., Lewan, M.D., and Aizenshtat, Z., 2005, Stable sulfur isotope partitioning during simulated petroleum formation as determined by hydrous pyrolysis of Ghareb Limestone, Israel: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 22, p. 5317-5331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.06.026.","startPage":"5317","endPage":"5331","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210440,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.06.026"},{"id":237357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b968ae4b08c986b31b58b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amrani, A.","contributorId":100985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amrani","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aizenshtat, Zeev","contributorId":21747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aizenshtat","given":"Zeev","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008625,"text":"1008625 - 2005 - Climate change and amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T11:44:18","indexId":"1008625","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":771,"text":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and amphibians","docAbstract":"Amphibian life histories are exceedingly sensitive to temperature and precipitation, and there is good evidence that recent climate change has already resulted in a shift to breeding earlier in the year for some species. There are also suggestions that the recent increase in the occurrence of El Niño events has caused declines of anurans in Central America and is linked to elevated mortality of amphibian embryos in the northwestern United States. However, evidence linking amphibian declines in Central America to climate relies solely on correlations, and the mechanisms underlying the declines are not understood. Connections between embryo mortality and declines in abundance have not been demonstrated. Analyses of existing data have generally failed to find a link between climate and amphibian declines. It is likely, however, that future climate change will cause further declines of some amphibian species. Reduced soil moisture could reduce prey species and eliminate habitat. Reduced snowfall and increased summer evaporation could have dramatic effects on the duration or occurrence of seasonal wetlands, which are primary habitat for many species of amphibians. Climate change may be a relatively minor cause of current amphibian declines, but it may be the biggest future challenge to the persistence of many species
","language":"English","publisher":"Museu de Zoologia","publisherLocation":"Barcelona","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., 2005, Climate change and amphibians: Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 28, no. 1, p. 59-67.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/toc/1578-665X/28/1"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667ff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027618,"text":"70027618 - 2005 - An astrobiological perspective on Meridiani Planum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027618","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An astrobiological perspective on Meridiani Planum","docAbstract":"Sedimentary rocks exposed in the Meridiani Planum region of Mars record aqueous and eolian deposition in ancient dune and interdune playa-like environments that were arid, acidic, and oxidizing. On Earth, microbial populations have repeatedly adapted to low pH and both episodic and chronic water limitation, suggesting that, to a first approximation, the Meridiani plain may have been habitable during at least part of the interval when deposition and early diagenesis took place. On the other hand, the environmental conditions inferred for Meridiani deposition would have posed a challenge for prebiotic chemical reactions thought to have played a role in the origin of life on Earth. Orbital observations suggest that the combination of sulfate minerals and hematite found in Meridiani rocks may be unusual on the martian surface; however, there is reason to believe that acidity, aridity, and oxidizing conditions were broadly distributed on ancient Mars. When these conditions were established and how much environmental heterogeneity existed on early Mars remain to be determined. Because sulfates and iron oxides can preserve detailed geochemical records of environmental history as well as chemical, textural and microfossil signatures of biological activity, Meridiani Planum is an attractive candidate for Mars sample return. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.045","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Knoll, A., Carr, M., Clark, B., Des Marais, D., Farmer, J., Fischer, W., Grotzinger, J., McLennan, S.M., Malin, M., Schroder, C., Squyres, S., Tosca, N., and Wdowiak, T., 2005, An astrobiological perspective on Meridiani Planum: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 240, no. 1, p. 179-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.045.","startPage":"179","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487556,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3308901","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210999,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.045"},{"id":238133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"240","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea1ce4b0c8380cd48639","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knoll, A.H.","contributorId":84885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoll","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, M.","contributorId":105845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, B.","contributorId":30224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Des Marais, D.J.","contributorId":84075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Des Marais","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farmer, J.D.","contributorId":79671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fischer, W.W.","contributorId":87747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grotzinger, J.P.","contributorId":76053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McLennan, S. M.","contributorId":96733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLennan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Malin, M.","contributorId":8636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schroder, C.","contributorId":67201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Squyres, S.","contributorId":74490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tosca, N.J.","contributorId":17354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosca","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wdowiak, T.","contributorId":81287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wdowiak","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":1008644,"text":"1008644 - 2005 - Movements of fluvial Bonneville cutthroat trout in the Thomas Fork of the Bear River, Idaho-Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T09:29:44","indexId":"1008644","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements of fluvial Bonneville cutthroat trout in the Thomas Fork of the Bear River, Idaho-Wyoming","docAbstract":"The majority of interior subspecies of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii have been extirpated from large rivers by anthropogenic activities that have fragmented habitats and introduced nonnative competitors. Selective pressures against migratory behaviors and main-stem river occupation, coupled with conservation strategies that isolate genetically pure populations above barriers, have restricted gene flow and prevented expression of the fluvial life history in many populations. Existing knowledge about the movements and home range requirements of fluvial cutthroat trout is, therefore, limited. Our objectives in this study were to (1) determine the extent of seasonal home ranges and mobility of Bonneville cutthroat trout O. c. utah (BCT) in the Thomas Fork and main-stem Bear River and (2) evaluate the role of a water diversion structure functioning as a seasonal migration barrier to fish movement. We implanted 55 BCT in the Thomas Fork of the Bear River, Idaho, with radio transmitters and located them bimonthly in 1999–2000 and weekly in 2000–2001. We found fish to be more mobile than previously reported. Individuals above the diversion barrier occupied substantially larger home ranges than those below the barrier (analysis of variance: P = 0.0003; median = 2,225 m above barrier; median = 500 m below barrier) throughout our study, and they moved more frequently (mean, 0.89 movements/contact; range, 0.57–1.00) from October 2000 through March 2001 than fish below the barrier (mean, 0.45 movements/contact; range, 0.00–1.00). During the spring of both years, we located radio-tagged fish in both upstream and neighboring tributaries as far as 86 km away from our study site. Our results document the existence of a fluvial component of BCT in the Bear River and its tributaries and suggest that successful efforts at conservation of these fish must focus on main-stem habitats and the maintenance of seasonal migration corridors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M04-078.1","usgsCitation":"Colyer, W., Kershner, J.L., and Hilderbrand, R., 2005, Movements of fluvial Bonneville cutthroat trout in the Thomas Fork of the Bear River, Idaho-Wyoming: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 25, p. 954-963, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-078.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"954","endPage":"963","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colyer, W.T.","contributorId":104451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colyer","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kershner, J. L.","contributorId":100322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hilderbrand, R.H.","contributorId":66643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilderbrand","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008315,"text":"1008315 - 2005 - Influence of water temperature on acetylcholinesterase activity in the pacific tree frog (Hyla regilla)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T15:43:25","indexId":"1008315","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of water temperature on acetylcholinesterase activity in the pacific tree frog (Hyla regilla)","docAbstract":"This investigation evaluated whether acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Pacific tree frogs (Hyla regilla) from different geographical locations was influenced by different temperatures during early aquatic life stages, independent of pesticide exposure. Tadpoles were collected from both a California coastal pond and a Sierra Nevada mountain range pond, USA. Groups of frogs from each location were raised in temperatures representative of either the Sierra Nevada (8°C) or the coastal (19°C) location. Metamorphs from both locations raised as tadpoles at 19°C had AChE activities of 42.3 and 38.7 nm/min/mg protein, while those raised as tadpoles at 8°C had activities of 26.9 and 28.2 nm/min/mg protein. A two-way analysis of variance revealed temperature to be the significant factor in determining AChE activity (F = 22.3, p < 0.001), although origin was not important (F = 0.09, p = 0.75). Interpretations regarding the influence of pesticides upon AChE activity in Pacific tree frogs must consider the influence of environmental temperature to enable cross-population comparisons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/04-508R.1","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.S., Schwarzbach, S.E., Henderson, J.D., Wilson, B.W., and Tjeerdema, R.S., 2005, Influence of water temperature on acetylcholinesterase activity in the pacific tree frog (Hyla regilla): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 2074-2077, https://doi.org/10.1897/04-508R.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2074","endPage":"2077","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db672026","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Catherine S.","contributorId":85922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarzbach, Steven E. steven_schwarzbach@usgs.gov","contributorId":1025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzbach","given":"Steven","email":"steven_schwarzbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, John D.","contributorId":94632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":317377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Barry W.","contributorId":59395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":317374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tjeerdema, Ronald S.","contributorId":65040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tjeerdema","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029561,"text":"70029561 - 2005 - Modeling duckweed growth in wastewater treatment systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029561","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2627,"text":"Livestock Research for Rural Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling duckweed growth in wastewater treatment systems","docAbstract":"Species of the genera Lemnaceae, or duckweeds, are floating aquatic plants that show great promise for both wastewater treatment and livestock feed production. Research conducted in the Southern High Plains of Texas has shown that Lemna obscura grew well in cattle feedlot runoff water and produced leaf tissue with a high protein content. A model or mathematical expression derived from duckweed growth data was used to fit data from experiments conducted in a greenhouse in Lubbock, Texas. The relationship between duckweed growth and the total nitrogen concentration in the mediium follows the Mitscherlich Function and is similar to that of other plants. Empirically derived model equations have successfully predicted the growth response of Lemna obscura.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Livestock Research for Rural Development","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01213784","usgsCitation":"Landesman, L., Parker, N., Fedler, C., and Konikoff, M., 2005, Modeling duckweed growth in wastewater treatment systems: Livestock Research for Rural Development, v. 17, no. 6.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bf1e4b0c8380cd6f903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landesman, L.","contributorId":13804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landesman","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fedler, C.B.","contributorId":49147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedler","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Konikoff, M.","contributorId":35111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikoff","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029086,"text":"70029086 - 2005 - Sources of variability of evapotranspiration in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:26:42","indexId":"70029086","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of variability of evapotranspiration in California","docAbstract":"The variability (1990–2002) of potential evapotranspiration estimates (ETo) and related meteorological variables from a set of stations from the California Irrigation Management System (CIMIS) is studied. Data from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and from the Department of Energy from 1950 to 2001 were used to validate the results. The objective is to determine the characteristics of climatological ETo and to identify factors controlling its variability (including associated atmospheric circulations). Daily ETo anomalies are strongly correlated with net radiation (Rn) anomalies, relative humidity (RH), and cloud cover, and less with average daily temperature (Tavg). The highest intraseasonal variability of ETo daily anomalies occurs during the spring, mainly caused by anomalies below the high ETo seasonal values during cloudy days. A characteristic circulation pattern is associated with anomalies of ETo and its driving meteorological inputs, Rn, RH, and Tavg, at daily to seasonal time scales. This circulation pattern is dominated by 700-hPa geopotential height (Z700) anomalies over a region off the west coast of North America, approximately between 32° and 44° latitude, referred to as the California Pressure Anomaly (CPA). High cloudiness and lower than normal ETo are associated with the low-height (pressure) phase of the CPA pattern. Higher than normal ETo anomalies are associated with clear skies maintained through anomalously high Z700 anomalies offshore of the North American coast. Spring CPA, cloudiness, maximum temperature (Tmax), pan evaporation (Epan), and ETo conditions have not trended significantly or consistently during the second half of the twentieth century in California. Because it is not known how cloud cover and humidity will respond to climate change, the response of ETo in California to increased greenhouse-gas concentrations is essentially unknown; however, to retain the levels of ETo in the current climate, a decline of Rn by about 6% would be required to compensate for a warming of +3°C.
The present study examines variations in the reference shear stress for bed load transport (τr) using coupled measurements of flow and bed load transport in 45 gravel‐bed streams and rivers. The study streams encompass a wide range in bank‐full discharge (1–2600 m3/s), average channel gradient (0.0003–0.05), and median surface grain size (0.027–0.21 m). A bed load transport relation was formed for each site by plotting individual values of the dimensionless transport rate W* versus the reach‐average dimensionless shear stress τ*. The reference dimensionless shear stress τ*r was then estimated by selecting the value of τ* corresponding to a reference transport rate of W* = 0.002. The results indicate that the discharge corresponding to τ*r averages 67% of the bank‐full discharge, with the variation independent of reach‐scale morphologic and sediment properties. However, values of τ*r increase systematically with average channel gradient, ranging from 0.025–0.035 at sites with slopes of 0.001–0.006 to values greater than 0.10 at sites with slopes greater than 0.02. A corresponding relation for the bank‐full dimensionless shear stress τ*bf, formulated with data from 159 sites in North America and England, mirrors the relation between τ*r and channel gradient, suggesting that the bank‐full channel geometry of gravel‐ and cobble‐bedded streams is adjusted to a relatively constant excess shear stress, τ*bf − τ*r, across a wide range of slopes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003692","usgsCitation":"Mueller, E.R., Pitlick, J., and Nelson, J.M., 2005, Variation in the reference Shields stress for bed load transport in gravel‐bed streams and rivers: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 4, Article W04006; 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003692.","productDescription":"Article W04006; 10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003692","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc169e4b08c986b32a56a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Erich R. 0000-0001-8202-154X emueller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-154X","contributorId":4930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Erich","email":"emueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitlick, John","contributorId":168765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitlick","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25358,"text":"University of Colorado, Geography Dept., Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":421126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027967,"text":"70027967 - 2005 - Habitat and sex differences in physiological condition of breeding Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:49:02","indexId":"70027967","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat and sex differences in physiological condition of breeding Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus)","docAbstract":"The Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus; here- after “flycatcher”) is a federally listed endangered species that breeds in densely vegetated riparian habitats dominated by native and exotic plants, including introduced monotypic saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima). Some workers have theorized that saltcedar is unsuitable habitat for the flycatcher, primarily because it generally supports a smaller and less diverse invertebrate community (the flycatcher's food base) than native habitats (e.g. Salix spp.). However, differences in insect communities between native and saltcedar habitats are not proof that saltcedar habitats are inferior. The only way to evaluate whether the habitats differ in dietary or energetic quality is to document actual food limitation or its manifestations. Measurements of an individual's body condition and metabolic state can serve as indicators of environmental stressors, such as food limitation and environmental extremes. We captured 130 flycatchers breeding in native and saltcedar habitats in Arizona and New Mexico and measured 12 variables of physiological condition. These variables included body mass, fat level, body condition index, hematocrit, plasma triglycerides, plasma free fatty acids and glycerol, plasma glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate, plasma uric acid, total leukocyte count, and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. We found substantial sex-based differences in the condition of male and female flycatchers. Ten of the 12 measures of physiological condition differed significantly between the sexes. In all cases where male and female condition differed (except mass), the differences suggest that males were in poorer condition than females. We found few habitat-based differences in flycatcher condition. Only 3 of the 12 physiological condition indices differed significantly between habitats. Our data show that, at least in some parts of the flycatcher's range, there is no evidence that flycatchers breeding in saltcedar habitats exhibit poorer nutritional condition or are suffering negative physiological affects.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1261:HASDIP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Owen, J., Sogge, M.K., and Kern, M., 2005, Habitat and sex differences in physiological condition of breeding Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus): The Auk, v. 122, no. 4, p. 1261-1270, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1261:HASDIP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1261","endPage":"1270","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1261:hasdip]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2ef5e4b0c8380cd5c97b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, J.C.","contributorId":84969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sogge, M. K. 0000-0002-8337-5689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":106434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kern, M.D.","contributorId":70177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029355,"text":"70029355 - 2005 - Paleoproterozoic high-sulfidation mineralization in the Tapajós gold province, Amazonian Craton, Brazil: geology, mineralogy, alunite argon age, and stable-isotope constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T13:06:07","indexId":"70029355","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoproterozoic high-sulfidation mineralization in the Tapajós gold province, Amazonian Craton, Brazil: geology, mineralogy, alunite argon age, and stable-isotope constraints","docAbstract":"The Brazilian Tapajós gold province contains the first evidence of high-sulfidation gold mineralization in the Amazonian Craton. The mineralization appears to be in large nested calderas. The Tapajós–Parima (or Ventuari–Tapajós) geological province consists of a metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary sequence formed during a 2.10 to 1.87 Ga ocean−continent orogeny. The high-sulfidation mineralization with magmatic-hydrothermal alunite is related to hydrothermal breccias hosted in a rhyolitic volcanic ring complex that contains granitic stocks ranging in age from 1.89 to 1.87 Ga. Cone-shaped hydrothermal breccias, which flare upward, contain vuggy silica and have an overlying brecciated cap of massive silica; the deposits are located in the uppermost part of a ring-structure volcanic cone. Drill cores of one of the hydrothermal breccias contain alunite, natroalunite, pyrophyllite, andalusite, quartz, rutile, diaspore, woodhouseite–svanbergite, kaolinite, and pyrite along with inclusions of enargite–luzonite, chalcopyrite, bornite, and covellite. The siliceous core of this alteration center is surrounded by advanced argillic and argillic alteration zones that grade outward into large areas of propylitically altered rocks with sericitic alteration assemblages at depth. Several occurrences and generations of alunite are observed. Alunite is disseminated in the advanced argillic haloes that envelop massive and vuggy silica or that underlie the brecciated silica cap. Coarse-grained alunite also occurs in branching veins and locally is partly replaced by a later generation of fine-grained alunite. Silicified hydrothermal breccias associated with the alunite contain an estimated reserve of 30 tonnes of gold in rock that grades up to 4.5 g t−1 Au. Seven alunite samples gave 40Ar/39Ar ages of 1.869 to 1.846 Ga, with various degrees of apparent minor Ar loss. Stable isotopic data require a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for the alunite, typical for high-sulfidation mineralization. The δ34S values of most samples of alunite range from 14.0‰ to 36.9‰. Sulfur isotopic alunite–pyrite and oxygen isotopic alunite SO4−OH temperatures range from 130 to 420 °C. The δDH2O and δ18OH2O values for alunite-forming hydrothermal fluids suggest a predominance of magmatic water, with a small meteoric contribution. A rare sample of supergene alunite has a δ34S value of 4.1‰ and an 40Ar/39Ar age of 51.3±0.1 Ma. Other than local foliation in the volcanic rocks and recrystallization of alunite near faults, the mineralization and associated alteration appears to have been remarkably undisturbed by later metamorphism and by supergene alteration. The Au mineralization was preserved because of burial by sediments and tuffs in taphrogenic basins that probably developed shortly after mineralization and were probably first exhumed at about 60 Ma. Because high-sulfidation mineralization forms at relatively shallow crustal levels, the discoveries in Tapajós province provide new perspectives for mineral exploration for the Amazonian and perhaps for other Precambrian cratons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.035","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Juliani, C., Rye, R.O., Nunes, C., Snee, L., Correa, R.H., Monteiro, L., Bettencourt, J.S., Neumann, R., and Neto, A.A., 2005, Paleoproterozoic high-sulfidation mineralization in the Tapajós gold province, Amazonian Craton, Brazil: geology, mineralogy, alunite argon age, and stable-isotope constraints: Chemical Geology, v. 215, no. 1-4 SPEC. ISS., p. 95-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.035.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"125","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487538,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.035","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210752,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.035"}],"volume":"215","issue":"1-4 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7440e4b0c8380cd77532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juliani, Caetano","contributorId":64878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juliani","given":"Caetano","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nunes, Carmen","contributorId":32723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nunes","given":"Carmen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snee, Lawrence W.","contributorId":81534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"Lawrence W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Correa, Rafael H.","contributorId":140551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Correa","given":"Rafael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Monteiro, Lena V.S.","contributorId":15395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monteiro","given":"Lena V.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bettencourt, Jorge S.","contributorId":97269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettencourt","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Neumann, Rainer","contributorId":7070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neumann","given":"Rainer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Neto, Arnaldo A.","contributorId":63604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neto","given":"Arnaldo","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70027375,"text":"70027375 - 2005 - Physiological characterization of a broad spectrum reductively dechlorinating consortium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70027375","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Physiological characterization of a broad spectrum reductively dechlorinating consortium","docAbstract":"A wetland sediment-derived microbial consortium (WBC-2) was developed by the US Geological Survey and propagated in vitro to large quantities by SiREM Laboratory for potential use in bioaugmentation applications. On the basis of bench-scale tests, the consortium could completely dechlorinate 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, cis- and trans-1,2-dichoroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and vinyl chloride in culture medium. Batch microcosms were carried out under anaerobic conditions in culture medium with neutral pH and with pH adjusted from acidic (pH 4, 5, and 6) to alkaline (pH 8 and 9). To evaluate oxygen sensitivity of WBC-2, an aliquot was removed from an anaerobic culture vessel and poured into smaller containers on the bench top where a series of oxygen exposures were applied to the culture by bubbling ambient air through the culture at a rate of ??? 100 mL/min. Chlorinated methanes tended to inhibit activity of a wide range of microorganisms. Although toxicity effects from CT addition were observed with WBC-2 in liquid culture at 3 mg/L concentration, WBC-2 in the columns could maintain degradation of CT and chloroform (CF) and of the chlorinated ethanes and ethylenes at CT and CF concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/L, respectively. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the Proceedings of the 8th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium (Baltimore, MD 6/6-9/2005).","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 8th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium","conferenceTitle":"8th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium","conferenceDate":"6 June 2005 through 9 June 2005","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","isbn":"9781574771527","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M., Majcher, E., Jones, E., Driedger, G., Dworatzek, S., and Graves, D., 2005, Physiological characterization of a broad spectrum reductively dechlorinating consortium, in Proceedings of the 8th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, v. 3, Baltimore, MD, 6 June 2005 through 9 June 2005, p. 1448-1449.","startPage":"1448","endPage":"1449","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b13e4b0c8380cd79240","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, M.M.","contributorId":29002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Majcher, E.","contributorId":95669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majcher","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, E.","contributorId":66049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Driedger, G.","contributorId":76926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dworatzek, S.","contributorId":21341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dworatzek","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Graves, D.","contributorId":15393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1008612,"text":"1008612 - 2005 - Changing numbers of spawning cutthroat trout in tributary streams of Yellowstone Lake and estimates of grizzly bears visiting streams from DNA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T09:35:36","indexId":"1008612","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing numbers of spawning cutthroat trout in tributary streams of Yellowstone Lake and estimates of grizzly bears visiting streams from DNA","docAbstract":"Spawning Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) provide a source of highly digestible energy for grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) that visit tributary streams to Yellowstone Lake during the spring and early summer. During 1985–87, research documented grizzly bears fishing on 61% of the 124 tributary streams to the lake. Using track measurements, it was estimated that a minimum of 44 grizzly bears fished those streams annually. During 1994, non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were discovered in Yellowstone Lake. Lake trout are efficient predators and have the potential to reduce the native cutthroat population and negatively impact terrestrial predators that use cutthroat trout as a food resource. In 1997, we began sampling a subset of streams (n = 25) from areas of Yellowstone Lake surveyed during the previous study to determine if changes in spawner numbers or bear use had occurred. Comparisons of peak numbers and duration suggested a considerable decline between study periods in streams in the West Thumb area of the lake. The apparent decline may be due to predation by lake trout. Indices of bear use also declined on West Thumb area streams. We used DNA from hair collected near spawning streams to estimate the minimum number of bears visiting the vicinity of spawning streams. Seventy-four individual bears were identified from 429 hair samples. The annual number of individuals detected ranged from 15 in 1997 to 33 in 2000. Seventy percent of genotypes identified were represented by more than 1 sample, but only 31% of bears were documented more than 1 year of the study. Sixty-two (84%) bears were only documented in 1 segment of the lake, whereas 12 (16%) were found in 2–3 lake segments. Twenty-seven bears were identified from hair collected at multiple streams. One bear was identified on 6 streams in 2 segments of the lake and during 3 years of the study. We used encounter histories derived from DNA and the Jolly-Seber procedure in Program MARK to produce annual estimates of grizzly bears visiting streams. Approximately 68 grizzly bears visited the vicinity of cutthroat trout spawning streams annually. Thus, approximately 14–21% of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) may have used this threatened food resource annually. Yellowstone National Park (YNP) is attempting to control the lake trout population in Yellowstone Lake; our results underscore the importance of that effort to grizzly bears.
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Physical relief influences regulated river systems, especially those that are altered, and have become partially reliant on aquatic primary production. We measured and modeled instantaneous solar flux in a topographically complex environment to determine where differences in daily, seasonal and annual solar insolation occurred in this river system. At a system-wide scale, topographic complexity generates a spatial and temporal mosaic of varying solar insolation. This solar variation is a predictable consequence of channel orientation, geomorphology, elevation angles and viewshed. Modeled estimates for clear conditions corresponded closely with observed measurements for both instantaneous photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD: ??mol m-2 s-1) and daily insolation levels (relative error 2.3%, CI ??0.45, S.D. 0.3, n = 29,813). Mean annual daily insolation levels system-wide were estimated to be 36 mol m-2 d -1 (17.5 S.D.), and seasonally varied on average from 13.4-57.4 mol m-2 d-1, for winter and summer, respectively. In comparison to identical areas lacking topographic effect (idealized plane), mean daily insolation levels were reduced by 22% during summer, and as much as 53% during winter. Depending on outlying topography, canyon bound regions having east-west (EW) orientations had higher seasonal variation, averaging from 8.1 to 61.4 mol m-2 d-1, for winter and summer, respectively. For EW orientations, 70% of mid-channel sites were obscured from direct incidence during part of the year; and of these sites, average diffuse light conditions persisted for 19.3% of the year (70.5 days), and extended upwards to 194 days. This predictive model has provided an initial quantitative step to estimate and determine the importance of autotrophic production for this ecosystem, as well as a broader application for other canyon systems. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.07.027","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Yard, M., Bennett, G., Mietz, S., Coggins, L., Stevens, L., Hueftle, S., and Blinn, D., 2005, Influence of topographic complexity on solar insolation estimates for the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, AZ: Ecological Modelling, v. 183, no. 2-3, p. 157-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.07.027.","startPage":"157","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210810,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.07.027"}],"volume":"183","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b91e4b0c8380cd62659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yard, M.D.","contributorId":25752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yard","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, G.E.","contributorId":41208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mietz, S.N.","contributorId":92039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mietz","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coggins, L.G. 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","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/05230505015","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Easton, R.M., Jones, J., Lenz, A., Ferrusquia-Villafranca, I., Mancini, E.A., Wardlaw, B.R., Edwards, L.E., and Pratt, B., 2005, North American Commission on stratigraphic nomenclature: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 89, no. 11, p. 1459-1464, https://doi.org/10.1306/05230505015.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1459","endPage":"1464","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a67dce4b0c8380cd734f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Easton, R. M.","contributorId":36323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Easton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, J.O.","contributorId":47158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lenz, A.C.","contributorId":8283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferrusquia-Villafranca, Ismael","contributorId":37529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrusquia-Villafranca","given":"Ismael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mancini, E. A.","contributorId":18114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mancini","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pratt, B.R.","contributorId":33523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1013397,"text":"1013397 - 2005 - Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of Arctic sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:47:47","indexId":"1013397","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of Arctic sea ice","docAbstract":"Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of Arctic sea ice are investigated using a new reverse chronology algorithm that tracks ice-covered pixels to their location and date of origin based on ice motion and concentration data. The Beaufort Gyre tends to harbor the oldest (>10 years old) sea ice in the western Arctic while direct ice advection pathways toward the Transpolar Drift Stream maintain relatively young (10 years old (10+ year age class) were observed during 1989-2003. Since the mid-1990s, losses to the 10+ year age class lacked compensation by recruitment due to a prior depletion of all mature (6-10 year) age classes. Survival of the 1994 and 1996-1998 sea ice generations reestablished most mature age classes, and thereby the potential to increase extent of the 10+ year age class during the mid-2000s.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005GL023976","issn":"0094-8276","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G., Douglas, D., and Platonov, N.G., 2005, Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of Arctic sea ice: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023976.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269148,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023976"}],"volume":"32","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee969","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belchansky, G. I.","contributorId":24301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belchansky","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Platonov, Nikita G.","contributorId":8791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platonov","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029095,"text":"70029095 - 2005 - Ecohydrological control of deep drainage in arid and semiarid regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:50:53","indexId":"70029095","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecohydrological control of deep drainage in arid and semiarid regions","docAbstract":"The amount and spatial distribution of deep drainage (downward movement of water across the bottom of the root zone) and groundwater recharge affect the quantity and quality of increasingly limited groundwater in arid and semiarid regions. We synthesize research from the fields of ecology and hydrology to address the issue of deep drainage in arid and semiarid regions. We start with a recently developed hydrological model that accurately simulates soil water potential and geochemical profiles measured in thick (>50 m), unconsolidated vadose zones. Model results indicate that, since the climate change that marked the onset of the Holocene period 10 000–15 000 years ago, there has been no deep drainage in vegetated interdrainage areas and that continuous, relatively low (<−1 MPa) soil water potentials have been maintained at depths of 2–3 m. A conceptual model consistent with these results proposes that the native, xeric‐shrub‐dominated, plant communities that gained dominance during the Holocene generated and maintained these conditions. We present three lines of ecological evidence that support the conceptual model. First, xeric shrubs have sufficiently deep rooting systems with low extraction limits to generate the modeled conditions. Second, the characteristic deep‐rooted soil–plant systems store sufficient water to effectively buffer deep soil from climatic fluctuations in these dry environments, allowing stable conditions to persist for long periods of time. And third, adaptations resulting in deep, low‐extraction‐limit rooting systems confer significant advantages to xeric shrubs in arid and semiarid environments. We then consider conditions in arid and semiarid regions in which the conceptual model may not apply, leading to the expectation that portions of many arid and semiarid watersheds supply some deep drainage. Further ecohydrologic research is required to elucidate critical climatic and edaphic thresholds, evaluate the role of important physiological processes (such as hydraulic redistribution), and evaluate the role of deep roots in terms of carbon costs, nutrient uptake, and whole‐plant development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/03-0568","usgsCitation":"Seyfried, M., Schwinning, S., Walvoord, M.A., Pockman, W., Newman, B., Jackson, R., and Phillips, F.M., 2005, Ecohydrological control of deep drainage in arid and semiarid regions: Ecology, v. 86, no. 2, p. 277-287, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0568.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"287","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a053de4b0c8380cd50d01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seyfried, M.S.","contributorId":100603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seyfried","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwinning, S.","contributorId":41207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwinning","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pockman, W. T.","contributorId":57260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pockman","given":"W. T.","affiliations":[{"id":7164,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":421308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newman, B.D.","contributorId":37115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, R.B.","contributorId":42174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Phillips, F. M.","contributorId":24493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1008606,"text":"1008606 - 2005 - Describing spatial pattern in stream networks: A practical approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T10:08:55","indexId":"1008606","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Describing spatial pattern in stream networks: A practical approach","docAbstract":"We used satellite transmitters to track the 2000–2003 spring migrations of adult female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta L., 1758) from California's Central Valley, USA. PTT-tagged Pintails departed during late February to mid-March, and 77%–87% stopped first in the region of south-central Oregon, extreme northwestern Nevada, and northeastern California (SONEC). Subsequently, most Pintails used migration strategies characterized by the length of stay in SONEC and subsequent destinations: (i) extended stay in SONEC, migrated late April to early May directly to Alaska over the Pacific Ocean (7%–23% annually); (ii) same timing as in i, but flew to Alaska along the Pacific Coast using stopovers (0%–28% annually); (iii) moderate period in SONEC, migrated late March to mid-April directly primarily to southern Alberta in Prairie Canada (17%–39% annually), with many moving to northern Canada or Alaska; or (iv) short period in SONEC, migrated early to late March to Prairie Canada via stopovers primarily in southern Idaho and western Montana (32%–50% annually), with some moving to northern Canada or Alaska. Pintails that bypassed SONEC used these same strategies or moved easterly. Pintails modified migration strategies relative to record cold temperatures and wetland abundance in the mid-continent prairie region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z05-125","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., Takekawa, J.Y., Fleskes, J., Orthmeyer, D., Casazza, M.L., and Perry, W., 2005, Spring migration of northern pintails from California's Central Valley wintering area tracked by satellite telemetry: Routes, timing, and destinations: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 83, no. 10, p. 1314-1332, https://doi.org/10.1139/z05-125.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1314","endPage":"1332","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e49e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleskes, J. P.","contributorId":98661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orthmeyer, D.L.","contributorId":84684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perry, W.M.","contributorId":15949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028031,"text":"70028031 - 2005 - Historical record of Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas salmonicida among sea-run Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Penobscot River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028031","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1123,"text":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical record of Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas salmonicida among sea-run Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Penobscot River","docAbstract":"Despite restoration efforts, only about 2,000 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) salmon have annually returned to New England Rivers and more than 71% of these fish migrate to the Penobscot River alone. This report provides a historical compilation on the prevalence's of both Yersinia ruckeri, cause of enteric redmouth disease, and Aeromonas salmonicida, cause of furunculosis, among mature sea-run Atlantic salmon that returned to the Penobscot River from 1976 to 2003. Aeromonas salmonicida was detected in 28.6% and Yersinia ruckeri was detected among 50% of the yearly returns. Consequently, Atlantic salmon that return to the river are potential reservoirs of infection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01080288","usgsCitation":"Cipriano, R.C., and Coll, J., 2005, Historical record of Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas salmonicida among sea-run Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Penobscot River: Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, v. 25, no. 6, p. 280-283.","startPage":"280","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a319ae4b0c8380cd5e079","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coll, J.","contributorId":11392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coll","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027897,"text":"70027897 - 2005 - Disparate effects of constant and annually-cycling daylength and water temperature on reproductive maturation of striped bass (Morone saxatilis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T08:26:02","indexId":"70027897","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disparate effects of constant and annually-cycling daylength and water temperature on reproductive maturation of striped bass (Morone saxatilis)","docAbstract":"Adult striped bass (Morone saxatilis) were exposed to various combinations of constant or anually-cycling daylength and water temperature. Constant conditions (15 h days, 18 °C) were those normally experienced at spawning and cycling conditions simulated natural changes at Chesapeake Bay latitude. Females exposed to constant long (15 h) days and cycling water temperature (TEMPERATURE group) had blood plasma levels of sex steroids (testosterone [T] and estradiol-17β [E2]) and vitellogenin (Vg), and profiles of oocyte growth, that were nearly identical to those of females held under a natural photothermal cycle (CONTROL group). Several fish from these two groups were induced to spawn fertile eggs. Females constantly exposed to warm water (18 °C), with or without a natural photoperiod cycle (PHOTOPERIOD and STATIC groups, respectively), had diminished circulating levels of gonadal steroid hormones and Vg, impaired deposition of yolk granules in their ooplasm, and decreased oocyte growth, and they underwent premature ovarian atresia. Males exposed to cycling water temperature (CONTROL and TEMPERATURE groups) spermiated synchronously during the natural breeding season, at which time they also had had high plasma androgen (T and 11-ketotestosterone [11-KT]) levels. The timing of spermiation was highly asynchronous among males in groups of fish held constantly at 18 °C (STATIC and PHOTOPERIOD groups) and this asynchrony was associated with diminished plasma androgen levels. Termination of spermiation by males exposed to cycling water temperature coincided with a sharp decline in levels of plasma androgens about a month after water temperature rose above 18 °C. In contrast, most males held constantly at 18 °C sustained intermediate levels of plasma androgens and spermiated until the end of the study in late July. The annual cycle of water temperature clearly plays a prominent role in the initiation, maintenance, and termination of the striped bass reproductive cycle. In females, a decrease in water temperature below values experienced at spawning appears to be required for vitellogenesis and oocyte growth to proceed normally. Constant exposure of males to spawning temperature disrupts synchronous spermiation but also delays testicular regression, which may be useful for spawning fish after the natural reproductive season.