Copiapite-group minerals of the general formula AR4(SO4)6(OH)2·nH2O, where A is predominantly Mg, Fe2+, or 0.67Al3+, R is predominantly Fe3+, and n is typically 20, are among several secondary hydrous Fe sulfates occurring in the inactive mine workings of the massive sulfide deposit at Iron Mountain, CA, a USEPA Superfund site that produces extremely acidic drainage. Samples of copiapite-group minerals, some with coexisting water, were collected from the Richmond mine. Approximately 200 mL of brownish pore water with a pH of −0.9 were extracted through centrifugation from a 10-L sample of moist copiapite-group minerals taken from pyritic muck piles. The pore water is extremely rich in ferric iron (Fe3+=149 g L−1, FeT=162 g L−1) and has a density of 1.52 g mL−1. The composition of the pore water is interpreted in the context of published phase relations in the Fe2O3–SO3–H2O system and previous work on the chemistry of extremely acid mine waters and associated minerals in the Richmond mine. Two distinct members of the copiapite mineral group were identified in the samples with coexisting water: (1) abundant magnesiocopiapite consisting of platy crystals 10 to 50 μm and (2) minor aluminocopiapite present as smaller platy crystals that form spheroidal aggregates. The average composition (n=5) of the magnesiocopiapite is (Mg0.90Fe2+0.17Zn0.02Cu0.01)∑1.10(Fe3+3.83Al0.09)∑3.92(SO4)6.00(OH)1.96·20H2O. Bulk compositions determined by digestion and wet-chemical analysis are consistent with the microanalytical results. These results suggest that magnesiocopiapite is the least soluble member of the copiapite group under the prevailing conditions. Micro-PIXE analysis indicates that the copiapite-group minerals in this sample sequester Zn (average 1420 ppm), with lesser amounts of Cu (average 270 ppm) and As (average 64 ppm).
Adult striped bass (Morone saxatilis) were exposed to various combinations of constant or anually-cycling daylength and water temperature. Constant conditions (15 h days, 18 °C) were those normally experienced at spawning and cycling conditions simulated natural changes at Chesapeake Bay latitude. Females exposed to constant long (15 h) days and cycling water temperature (TEMPERATURE group) had blood plasma levels of sex steroids (testosterone [T] and estradiol-17β [E2]) and vitellogenin (Vg), and profiles of oocyte growth, that were nearly identical to those of females held under a natural photothermal cycle (CONTROL group). Several fish from these two groups were induced to spawn fertile eggs. Females constantly exposed to warm water (18 °C), with or without a natural photoperiod cycle (PHOTOPERIOD and STATIC groups, respectively), had diminished circulating levels of gonadal steroid hormones and Vg, impaired deposition of yolk granules in their ooplasm, and decreased oocyte growth, and they underwent premature ovarian atresia. Males exposed to cycling water temperature (CONTROL and TEMPERATURE groups) spermiated synchronously during the natural breeding season, at which time they also had had high plasma androgen (T and 11-ketotestosterone [11-KT]) levels. The timing of spermiation was highly asynchronous among males in groups of fish held constantly at 18 °C (STATIC and PHOTOPERIOD groups) and this asynchrony was associated with diminished plasma androgen levels. Termination of spermiation by males exposed to cycling water temperature coincided with a sharp decline in levels of plasma androgens about a month after water temperature rose above 18 °C. In contrast, most males held constantly at 18 °C sustained intermediate levels of plasma androgens and spermiated until the end of the study in late July. The annual cycle of water temperature clearly plays a prominent role in the initiation, maintenance, and termination of the striped bass reproductive cycle. In females, a decrease in water temperature below values experienced at spawning appears to be required for vitellogenesis and oocyte growth to proceed normally. Constant exposure of males to spawning temperature disrupts synchronous spermiation but also delays testicular regression, which may be useful for spawning fish after the natural reproductive season.
The California chaparral community has a rich flora of species with different mechanisms for cuing germination to postfire conditions. Here we report further germination experiments that elucidate the response of several widespread shrub species whose germination response was not clear and include other species from the Sierra Nevada, which have not previously been included in germination studies. The shrubs Adenostoma fasciculatum and Eriodictyon crassifolium and the postfire annualMentzelia dispersa exhibited highly significant germination in response to smoke treatments, with some enhanced germination in response to heating as well. The shrubs Fremontodendron californicum and Malacothamnus fremontii were stimulated only by heat-shock treatments. Seeds buried in the soil for one year exhibited substantially higher germination for controls and most treatments. In the case of two postfire annuals, Mimulus bolanderi and M. gracilipes, germination of fresh seed was significantly greater with smoke or heating but after soil storage, over two-thirds of the control seeds germinated and treatment effects were not significant. These two annuals are generally restricted to postfire conditions and it is suggested that control germination of soil-stored seed may be a light-response (which was not tested here) as previously reported for another chaparral species in that genus.
","language":"English","publisher":"California Botanical Society","doi":"10.3120/0024-9637(2005)52[175:SGOSNP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., McGinnis, T.W., and Bollens, K.A., 2005, Seed germination of Sierra Nevada postfire chaparral species: Madroño, v. 52, no. 3, p. 175-181, https://doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637(2005)52[175:SGOSNP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"181","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/169118","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe901ae4b0824b2d14bd79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGinnis, Thomas W.","contributorId":87272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGinnis","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bollens, Kim A.","contributorId":174872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollens","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179753,"text":"70179753 - 2005 - Monitoring and assessment of juvenile steelhead on Toppenish National Wildlife Refuge. Annual report 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T12:01:33","indexId":"70179753","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Monitoring and assessment of juvenile steelhead on Toppenish National Wildlife Refuge. Annual report 2003","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Jezorek, I., and Connolly, P., 2005, Monitoring and assessment of juvenile steelhead on Toppenish National Wildlife Refuge. Annual report 2003.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Toppenish National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.970458984375,\n 46.20264638061019\n ],\n [\n -120.970458984375,\n 46.538082005463075\n ],\n [\n -119.893798828125,\n 46.538082005463075\n ],\n [\n -119.893798828125,\n 46.20264638061019\n ],\n [\n -120.970458984375,\n 46.20264638061019\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"587f3dbbe4b0d96de2564577","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jezorek, I.G.","contributorId":177887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jezorek","given":"I.G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029392,"text":"70029392 - 2005 - Home range and space use patterns of flathead catfish during the summer-fall period in two Missouri streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-21T17:16:01","indexId":"70029392","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Home range and space use patterns of flathead catfish during the summer-fall period in two Missouri streams","docAbstract":"Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris were radio-tracked in the Grand River and Cuivre River, Missouri, from late July until they moved to overwintering habitats in late October. Fish moved within a definable area, and although occasional long-distance movements occurred, the fish typically returned to the previously occupied area. Seasonal home range was calculated with the use of kernel density estimation, which can be interpreted as a probabilistic utilization distribution that documents the internal structure of the estimate by delineating portions of the range that was used a specified percentage of the time. A traditional linear range also was reported. Most flathead catfish (89%) had one 50% kernel-estimated core area, whereas 11% of the fish split their time between two core areas. Core areas were typically in the middle of the 90% kernel-estimated home range (58%), although several had core areas in upstream (26%) and downstream (16%) portions of the home range. Home-range size did not differ based on river, sex, or size and was highly variable among individuals. The median 95% kernel estimate was 1,085 m (range, 70– 69,090 m) for all fish. The median 50% kernel-estimated core area was 135 m (10–2,260 m). The median linear range was 3,510 m (150–50,400 m). Fish pairs with core areas in the same and neighboring pools had static joint space use values of up to 49% (area of intersection index), indicating substantial overlap and use of the same area. However, all fish pairs had low dynamic joint space use values (<0.07; coefficient of association), indicating that fish pairs were temporally segregated, rarely occurring in the same location at the same time.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/T04-064.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Vokoun, J.C., and Rabeni, C.F., 2005, Home range and space use patterns of flathead catfish during the summer-fall period in two Missouri streams: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 2, p. 509-517, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-064.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"517","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237772,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Cuivre River, Grand River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 39.28860847419942\n ],\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 39.51781418588603\n ],\n [\n -92.98278808593749,\n 39.51781418588603\n ],\n [\n -92.98278808593749,\n 39.28860847419942\n ],\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 39.28860847419942\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.10412597656249,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -91.10412597656249,\n 39.07037913108751\n ],\n [\n -90.55755615234375,\n 39.07037913108751\n ],\n [\n -90.55755615234375,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -91.10412597656249,\n 38.70694605159386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"134","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3202e4b0c8380cd5e44c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vokoun, Jason C.","contributorId":173912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vokoun","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179230,"text":"70179230 - 2005 - Work package 4 report: Broodfish testing for bacterial infections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T12:16:15","indexId":"70179230","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Work package 4 report: Broodfish testing for bacterial infections","docAbstract":"This report summarises current scientific information and experience obtained with various methods for testing of salmonid broodfish or spawn for bacterial kidney disease (BKD - Renibacterium salmoninarum infection) in order to prevent vertical transmission of the organism to the offspring. Assessment is also being performed for Flavobacterium psychrophilum infections causing rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) or bacterial coldwater disease (CWD), and for Piscirickettsia salmonis infection causing salmon rickettsial syndrome (SRS) in salmonid fish species. Methods for screening to document the absence of BKD in fish populations are well established. Some of them have also proven successful for testing individual fish from infected populations in order to avoid vertical transmission of the infectious agent. Several diagnostic methods for flavobacteriosis and piscirickettsiosis have also been established but none of them, as yet, has been validated for use in programmes to prevent vertical transmission of disease. Priority subjects for further research in order to improve the management and control of these vertically transmissible fish diseases are suggested.
","language":"English","publisher":"Veterinærmedisinsk Oppdragssenter AS","isbn":"82-91743-39-8","usgsCitation":"Michel, C., Elliott, D.G., Jansson, E., Urdaci, M., and Midtlyng, P.J., 2005, Work package 4 report: Broodfish testing for bacterial infections, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.eurl-fish.eu/-/media/Sites/EURL-FISH/english/activities/scientific%20reports/fisheggtrade-wp_4_bact_infect.ashx?la=da","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585cf4fce4b01224f329bcbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, Christian","contributorId":177635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michel","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jansson, Eva","contributorId":177636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jansson","given":"Eva","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Urdaci, Maria","contributorId":177638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Urdaci","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Midtlyng, Paul J.","contributorId":177639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Midtlyng","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029549,"text":"70029549 - 2005 - Factors influencing the sporulation and cyst formation of Aphanomyces invadans, etiological agent of ulcerative mycosis in Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-27T15:52:05.771678","indexId":"70029549","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2798,"text":"Mycologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Factors influencing the sporulation and cyst formation of Aphanomyces invadans, etiological agent of ulcerative mycosis in Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus","title":"Factors influencing the sporulation and cyst formation of Aphanomyces invadans, etiological agent of ulcerative mycosis in Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus","docAbstract":"Oomycete infections caused by Aphanomyces invadans occur in freshwater and estuarine fishes around the world. Along the east coast of the USA, skin ulcers caused by A. invadans are prevalent in Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus. From laboratory observations low salinities appear crucial to transmission of the pathogen. To better understand aspects of transmission, we characterized sporulation and cyst formation of secondary zoospores of two isolates of A. invadans at different salinities and temperatures. Sporulation occurred only at low salinities. At room temperature (ca. 20–22 C), using “pond water” augmented with artificial sea salts, the endemic strain WIC and the Thailand strain PA7 of A. invadans produced free-swimming secondary zoospores at salinities of 0, 1 and 2 psu (practical salinity unit= ‰), but not at 4 psu or higher. Secondary zoospores of another species, ATCC-62427 (Aphanomyces sp.), were observed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 psu but not at 0 and 12 psu. Secondary zoospores of all three isolates, especially WIC, were abundant and motile 1–2 d post-sporulation. Sporulation was temperature dependent and occurred over a relatively narrow range. No sporulation occurred at 4, 30 or 35 C for either WIC or PA7. For both strains zoospore production within 1–3 d after the initiation of sporulation was more prolific at 25 C than at 20 and 15 C. At 15 C production of zoospores was sustained over 11 d for WIC and 5 d for PA7. At room temperature single WIC secondary zoospores remained motile 12–18 h. Salinities exceeding 4 psu or vigorous shaking caused immediate cyst formation of WIC secondary zoospores. Exposure to menhaden tissue, but not tissues of other fishes to secondary zoospores (WIC), caused rapid (2 h) cyst formation. Cysts were capable of excysting when transferred to 1 psu water within 2–3 h of cyst formation. Cysts that had remained encysted in 6.5 psu for 24 h did not excyst when transferred to 1 psu water. Salinity and temperature requirements for sporulation indicate that juvenile menhaden must acquire infections during rain or in low salinity oligohaline waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15572536.2006.11832786","usgsCitation":"Kiryu, Y., Blazer, V., Vogelbein, W.K., Kator, H., and Shields, J.D., 2005, Factors influencing the sporulation and cyst formation of Aphanomyces invadans, etiological agent of ulcerative mycosis in Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus: Mycologia, v. 97, no. 3, p. 569-575, https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832786.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"575","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ecfe4b0c8380cd53636","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kiryu, Y.","contributorId":108060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiryu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":149414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":423237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogelbein, W. K.","contributorId":72745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vogelbein","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kator, H.","contributorId":90672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kator","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shields, J. D.","contributorId":95841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shields","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027315,"text":"70027315 - 2005 - Material contrast does not predict earthquake rupture propagation direction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70027315","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Material contrast does not predict earthquake rupture propagation direction","docAbstract":"Earthquakes often occur on faults that juxtapose different rocks. The result is rupture behavior that differs from that of an earthquake occurring on a fault in a homogeneous material. Previous 2D numerical simulations have studied simple cases of earthquake rupture propagation where there is a material contrast across a fault and have come to two different conclusions: 1) earthquake rupture propagation direction can be predicted from the material contrast, and 2) earthquake rupture propagation direction cannot be predicted from the material contrast. In this paper we provide observational evidence from 70 years of earthquakes at Parkfield, CA, and new 3D numerical simulations. Both the observations and the numerical simulations demonstrate that earthquake rupture propagation direction is unlikely to be predictable on the basis of a material contrast. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL023941","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., and Day, S., 2005, Material contrast does not predict earthquake rupture propagation direction: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 23, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023941.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477838,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl023941","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209035,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023941"},{"id":235205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5275e4b0c8380cd6c41d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, S.M.","contributorId":41425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027314,"text":"70027314 - 2005 - Evaporation, precipitation, and associated salinity changes at a humid, subtropical estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T15:48:01.69951","indexId":"70027314","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaporation, precipitation, and associated salinity changes at a humid, subtropical estuary","docAbstract":"The distilling effect of evaporation and the diluting effect of precipitation on salinity at two estuarine sites in the humid subtropical setting of the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, were evaluated based on daily evaporation computed with an energy-budget method and measured precipitation. Despite the larger magnitude of evaporation (about 1,58 mm yr−1) compared to precipitation (about 1,180 mm yr−1) between February 2002 and January 2004, the variability of monthly precipitation induced salinity changes was more than twice the variability of evaporation induced changes. Use of a constant, mean value of evaporation, along with measured values of daily precipitation, were sufficient to produce simulated salinity changes that contained little monthly (root-mean-square error = 0.33‰ mo−1 and 0.52‰ mo−1 at the two sites) or cumulative error (<1‰ yr−1) compared to simulations that used computed daily values of evaporation. This result indicates that measuring the temporal variability in evaporation may not be critical to simulation of salinity within the lagoon. Comparison of evaporation and precipitation induced salinity changes with measured salinity changes indicates that evaporation and precipitation explained only 4% of the changes in salinity within a flow-through area of the lagoon; surface water and ocean inflows probably accounted for most of the variability in salinity at this site. Evaporation and precipitation induced salinity changes explained 61% of the variability in salinity at a flow-restricted part of the lagoon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02696014","usgsCitation":"Sumner, D.M., and Belaineh, G., 2005, Evaporation, precipitation, and associated salinity changes at a humid, subtropical estuary: Estuaries, v. 28, no. 6, p. 844-855, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02696014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"844","endPage":"855","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Indian River Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 27.410785702577023\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 27.46928747369202\n ],\n [\n -80.606689453125,\n 28.34789944257093\n ],\n [\n -80.562744140625,\n 28.536274512989916\n ],\n [\n -80.595703125,\n 28.603814407841327\n ],\n [\n -80.7220458984375,\n 28.38173504322308\n ],\n [\n -80.474853515625,\n 27.591066424185087\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 27.410785702577023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d13e4b0c8380cd52deb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumner, D. M.","contributorId":100827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belaineh, G.","contributorId":100590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belaineh","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027313,"text":"70027313 - 2005 - Eolian deposits in the Neoproterozoic Big Bear Group, San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-19T06:57:45","indexId":"70027313","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eolian deposits in the Neoproterozoic Big Bear Group, San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA","docAbstract":"Strata interpreted to be eolian are recognized in the Neoproterozoic Big Bear Group in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California, USA. The strata consist of medium- to large-scale (30 cm to > 6 m) cross-stratified quartzite considered to be eolian dune deposits and interstratified thinly laminated quartzite that are problematically interpreted as either eolian translatent climbing ripple laminae, or as tidal-flat deposits. High index ripples and adhesion structures considered to be eolian are associated with the thinly laminated and cross-stratified strata. The eolian strata are in a succession that is characterized by flaser bedding, aqueous ripple marks, mudcracks, and interstratified small-scale cross-strata that are suggestive of a tidal environment containing local fluvial deposits. The eolian strata may have formed in a near-shore environment inland of a tidal flat. The Neoproterozoic Big Bear Group is unusual in the western United States and may represent a remnant of strata that were originally more widespread and part of the hypothetical Neoproterozoic supercontinent of Rodinia. The Big Bear Group perhaps is preserved only in blocks that were downdropped along Neoproterozoic extensional faults. The eolian deposits of the Big Bear Group may have been deposited during arid conditions that preceded worldwide glacial events in the late Neoproterozoic. Possibly similar pre-glacial arid events are recognized in northern Mexico, northeast Washington, Australia, and northwest Canada.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.012","issn":"00128252","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J., 2005, Eolian deposits in the Neoproterozoic Big Bear Group, San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 73, no. 1-4, p. 47-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.012.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209034,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.012"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Bernardino Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.03117370605467,\n 34.114647030728655\n ],\n [\n -116.72218322753906,\n 34.114647030728655\n ],\n [\n -116.72218322753906,\n 34.32132236979802\n ],\n [\n -117.03117370605467,\n 34.32132236979802\n ],\n [\n -117.03117370605467,\n 34.114647030728655\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09ffe4b0c8380cd5214b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":14383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027312,"text":"70027312 - 2005 - Field comparison of optical and clark cell dissolved-oxygen sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70027312","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Field comparison of optical and clark cell dissolved-oxygen sensors","docAbstract":"Three multi-parameter water-quality monitors equipped with either Clark cell type or optical type dissolved-oxygen sensors were deployed for 30 days in a brackish (salinity <10 parts per thousand) environment to determine the sensitivity of the sensors to biofouling. The dissolved-oxygen sensors compared periodically to a hand-held dissolved oxygen sensor, but were not serviced or cleaned during the deployment. One of the Clark cell sensors and the optical sensor performed similarly during the deployment. The remaining Clark cell sensor was not aged correctly prior to deployment and did not perform as well as the other sensors. All sensors experienced substantial biofouling that gradually degraded the accuracy of the dissolved-oxygen measurement during the last half of the deployment period. Copyright ASCE 2005.","largerWorkTitle":"World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of Global Climate Change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceTitle":"2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40792(173)312","isbn":"0784407924; 9780784407929","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J., Davies, W., and Garcia, L., 2005, Field comparison of optical and clark cell dissolved-oxygen sensors, in World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of Global Climate Change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Anchorage, AK, 15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005, https://doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)312.","startPage":"312","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209012,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)312"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fa7e4b0c8380cd53988","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, J.M.","contributorId":27473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davies, W.J.","contributorId":85223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, L.","contributorId":48047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027311,"text":"70027311 - 2005 - The use of discontinuities and functional groups to assess relative resilience in complex systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:19:05","indexId":"70027311","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of discontinuities and functional groups to assess relative resilience in complex systems","docAbstract":"It is evident when the resilience of a system has been exceeded and the system qualitatively changed. However, it is not clear how to measure resilience in a system prior to the demonstration that the capacity for resilient response has been exceeded. We argue that self-organizing human and natural systems are structured by a relatively small set of processes operating across scales in time and space. These structuring processes should generate a discontinuous distribution of structures and frequencies, where discontinuities mark the transition from one scale to another. Resilience is not driven by the identity of elements of a system, but rather by the functions those elements provide, and their distribution within and across scales. A self-organizing system that is resilient should maintain patterns of function within and across scales despite the turnover of specific elements (for example, species, cities). However, the loss of functions, or a decrease in functional representation at certain scales will decrease system resilience. It follows that some distributions of function should be more resilient than others. We propose that the determination of discontinuities, and the quantification of function both within and across scales, produce relative measures of resilience in ecological and other systems. We describe a set of methods to assess the relative resilience of a system based upon the determination of discontinuities and the quantification of the distribution of functions in relation to those discontinuities. ?? 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-005-0147-x","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.R., Gunderson, L., and Johnson, A., 2005, The use of discontinuities and functional groups to assess relative resilience in complex systems: Ecosystems, v. 8, no. 8, p. 958-966, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0147-x.","startPage":"958","endPage":"966","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209011,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0147-x"}],"volume":"8","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb165e4b08c986b325307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunderson, Lance","contributorId":30797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunderson","given":"Lance","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, A.R.","contributorId":72176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008113,"text":"1008113 - 2005 - Alien plant dynamics following fire in Mediterranean-climate California shrublands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T14:33:57.532542","indexId":"1008113","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alien plant dynamics following fire in Mediterranean-climate California shrublands","docAbstract":"Over 75 species of alien plants were recorded during the first five years after fire in southern California shrublands, most of which were European annuals. Both cover and richness of aliens varied between years and plant association. Alien cover was lowest in the first postfire year in all plant associations and remained low during succession in chaparral but increased in sage scrub. Alien cover and richness were significantly correlated with year (time since disturbance) and with precipitation in both coastal and interior sage scrub associations. Hypothesized factors determining alien dominance were tested with structural equation modeling. Models that included nitrogen deposition and distance from the coast were not significant, but with those variables removed we obtained a significant model that gave an R2 = 0.60 for the response variable of fifth year alien dominance. Factors directly affecting alien dominance were (1) woody canopy closure and (2) alien seed banks. Significant indirect effects were (3) fire intensity, (4) fire history, (5) prefire stand structure, (6) aridity, and (7) community type. According to this model the most critical factor influencing aliens is the rapid return of the shrub and subshrub canopy. Thus, in these communities a single functional type (woody plants) appears to the most critical element controlling alien invasion and persistence. Fire history is an important indirect factor because it affects both prefire stand structure and postfire alien seed banks. Despite being fire-prone ecosystems, these shrublands are not adapted to fire per se, but rather to a particular fire regime. Alterations in the fire regime produce a very different selective environment, and high fire frequency changes the selective regime to favor aliens. This study does not support the widely held belief that prescription burning is a viable management practice for controlling alien species on semiarid landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/04-1222","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., Baer-Keeley, M., and Fotheringham, C.J., 2005, Alien plant dynamics following fire in Mediterranean-climate California shrublands: Ecological Applications, v. 15, p. 2109-2125, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1222.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2109","endPage":"2125","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.20166015625,\n 32.685619853722\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 32.685619853722\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 34.65128519895413\n ],\n [\n -119.20166015625,\n 34.65128519895413\n ],\n [\n -119.20166015625,\n 32.685619853722\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baer-Keeley, M.","contributorId":7239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baer-Keeley","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fotheringham, C. J.","contributorId":63334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fotheringham","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008114,"text":"1008114 - 2005 - Factors affecting plant diversity during postfire recovery and succession of mediterranean-climate shrublands in California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-02T15:48:12.318916","indexId":"1008114","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting plant diversity during postfire recovery and succession of mediterranean-climate shrublands in California, USA","docAbstract":"Plant community diversity, measured as species richness, is typically highest in the early post-fire years in California shrublands. However, this generalization is overly simplistic and the present study demonstrates that diversity is determined by a complex of temporal and spatial effects. Ninety sites distributed across southern California were studied for 5 years after a series of fires. Characteristics of the disturbance event, in this case fire severity, can alter post-fire diversity, both decreasing and increasing diversity, depending on life form. Spatial variability in resource availability is an important factor explaining patterns of diversity, and there is a complex interaction between landscape features and life form. Temporal variability in resource availability affects diversity, and the diversity peak in the immediate post-fire year (or two) appears to be driven by factors different from subsequent diversity peaks. Early post-fire diversity is influenced by life-history specialization, illustrated by species that spend the bulk of their life cycle as a dormant seed bank, which is then triggered to germinate by fire. Resource fluctuations, precipitation in particular, may be associated with subsequent post-fire diversity peaks. These later peaks in diversity comprise a flora that is compositionally different from the immediate post-fire flora, and their presence may be due to mass effects from population expansion of local populations in adjacent burned areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00200.x","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Fotheringham, C.J., and Baer-Keeley, M., 2005, Factors affecting plant diversity during postfire recovery and succession of mediterranean-climate shrublands in California, USA: Diversity and Distributions, v. 11, p. 535-537, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00200.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"537","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f87d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fotheringham, C. J.","contributorId":63334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fotheringham","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baer-Keeley, Melanie","contributorId":27093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baer-Keeley","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70455,"text":"fs20053021 - 2005 - Taking the pulse of Colorado's Front Range: Developing regional indicators of environmental and quality of life condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-31T13:41:28","indexId":"fs20053021","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3021","title":"Taking the pulse of Colorado's Front Range: Developing regional indicators of environmental and quality of life condition","docAbstract":"Indicators are routinely used to report the status and trends of human health, economy, educational achievement, and quality of life. Some environmental indicators, such as for water and air quality, are routinely reported and used to inform personal, management, or policy decisions. Other environmental indicators, particularly those that do not relate directly to human well-being, have been harder to define, interpret, or use. These indicators may be just as useful and important in describing the ability to provide ecosystem good and services, or less tangible quality of life measures, but they may be suspect because of the quality of data or even the source of the information.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20053021","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., 2005, Taking the pulse of Colorado's Front Range: Developing regional indicators of environmental and quality of life condition: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3021, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053021.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3021.jpg"},{"id":320269,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008126,"text":"1008126 - 2005 - Bufo boreas halophilus (California toad) and Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog)-amplexus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:37","indexId":"1008126","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bufo boreas halophilus (California toad) and Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog)-amplexus","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M., Crayon, J., and Hothem, R.L., 2005, Bufo boreas halophilus (California toad) and Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog)-amplexus: Herpetological Review, v. 36.","productDescription":"p. 53","startPage":"53","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa41d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, M.R.","contributorId":18296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crayon, J.J.","contributorId":91810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crayon","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015315,"text":"1015315 - 2005 - Symposium on agency bargaining behavior in multi-party environmental negotiations: Part I","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-28T10:07:50","indexId":"1015315","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2061,"text":"International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Symposium on agency bargaining behavior in multi-party environmental negotiations: Part I","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Migratory birds face many changes to the landscapes they traverse and the habitats they use. Wind turbines and communications towers, which pose hazards to birds and bats in flight, are being erected or proposed across the United States and offshore. Human activities can also destroy or threaten habitats critical to birds during migratory passage, and climate change appears to be altering migratory patterns. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and other agencies are under increasing pressure to identify and evaluate movement patterns and habitats used during migration and other times.
\nFew tools for deciphering migratory travels exist, but radar-based studies of movements and habitat use patterns in songbirds, waterfowl, and bats hold promise. The U.S. system of over 150 Doppler weather radars provides continental coverage, similar to the scale of bird migration. Although data stored from weather radar represent perhaps the second largest biological data archive in the world, use of those data is currently limited to technically savvy biologists who can handle the obscure data formats. Complementary mobile radar units and thermal and acoustic monitoring are also used in site-specific studies. Efforts to advance bird conservation and management through the use of radar arose independently in several USFWS/USGS collaborations. Recently, this coalition of scientists and resource managers identified the need to work together more closely to foster radar-related research and software development.
\nU.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists at Fort Collins Science Center, National Wetlands Research Center, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, and Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, as well as USFWS Migratory Bird biologists across the country, are collaborating with university partners to develop a suite of products for managers. The goals are to identify migratory pathways and stopover sites for conservation, mitigation, and landscape planning; convey the importance of functional landscapes and unobstructed airspaces for migrating wildlife; enable use of radar by the wider biological, wind power, and related communities; and simplify the analysis of radar data. The long term focus is to use radar technologies to better understand movement patterns and habitat associations of migratory birds and other wildlife. Land managers and industry may use the knowledge and tools developed to optimize the siting of energy projects, other facilities, and migratory bird habitat projects.
\nThe complementary endeavors, not all of which are funded, concentrate on four fundamentals: (1) develop software, in collaboration with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) scientists, that enables biologists to access unfiltered weather data and integrate it into standard geographic information systems; (2) develop artificial intelligence-based filters that separate bird from nonbird radar echoes; (3) determine characteristics of bird migration in terms of altitude, speed and direction, daily movements, seasonality, and associations with habitats and landforms; and (4) examine specific movement patterns in relation to towers, wind generation facilities, and tall obstructions.
\nMany technical issues make this work difficult, including complex data structures, massive data sets, digital recognition of birds, large areas not covered by weather radar, and model validation; however, progress will only be furthered by tackling the challenge. The new coalition will meets its goals by: (1) facilitating a productive collaboration with NOAA, Department of the Interior bureaus, state wildlife agencies, universities, power companies, and other potential partners; (2) building and strengthening scientific capabilities within USGS; (3) addressing key migratory bird management issues; and (4) ensuring full funding for the collaborative effort.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051173","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Ruth, J.M., Barrow, W., Sojda, R.S., Dawson, D.K., Diehl, R.H., Manville, A., Green, M.T., Krueper, D.J., and Johnston, S., 2005, Advancing migratory bird conservation and management by using radar: An interagency collaboration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1173, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051173.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320238,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1173/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":192755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051173.PNG"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6981dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruth, Janet M. 0000-0003-1576-5957 janet_ruth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-5957","contributorId":1408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"Janet","email":"janet_ruth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":1988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sojda, Richard S. sojda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"Richard","email":"sojda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diehl, Robert H. 0000-0001-9141-1734 rhdiehl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-1734","contributorId":3396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Robert","email":"rhdiehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Manville, Albert","contributorId":65558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manville","given":"Albert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Green, Michael T.","contributorId":55097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krueper, David J.","contributorId":103752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueper","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnston, Scott","contributorId":86864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":1008479,"text":"1008479 - 2005 - The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Proceedings of a Symposium held in Norman, Oklahoma, USA, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T16:17:50","indexId":"1008479","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":697,"text":"Alytes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Proceedings of a Symposium held in Norman, Oklahoma, USA, 2004","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alytes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"2005, The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Proceedings of a Symposium held in Norman, Oklahoma, USA, 2004: Alytes, v. 22, no. 3-4, p. 165-167.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"167","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68347e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K.","contributorId":35698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505759,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008117,"text":"1008117 - 2005 - Parasitism, productivity, and population growth: response of Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) to cowbird (Molothrus spp.) control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T15:41:54","indexId":"1008117","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2965,"text":"Ornithological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parasitism, productivity, and population growth: response of Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) to cowbird (Molothrus spp.) control","docAbstract":"Cowbird (Molothrus spp.) control is a major focus of recovery-oriented management of two endangered riparian bird species,the Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus). During the past 20 years, annual trapping of cowbirds at Least Bell's Vireo and Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding sites has eliminated or reduced parasitism in comparison with pretrapping rates and, thereby, significantly increased seasonal productivity of nesting pairs. Enhanced productivity, in turn, has resulted in an 8-fold increase in numbers of Least Bell's Vireos; Southwestern Willow Flycatcher abundance, however, has changed little, and at some sites has declined despite cowbird control. Although generally successful by these short-term measures of host population response, cowbird control poses potential negative consequences for long-term recovery of endangered species. As currently employed, cowbird control lacks predetermined biological criteria to trigger an end to the control, making these species' dependence on human intervention open-ended. Prolonged reliance on cowbird control to manage endangered species can shift attention from identifying and managing other factors that limit populations--in particular, habitat availability. On the basis of our analysis of these long-term programs, we suggest that cowbird control be reserved for short-term crisis management and be replaced, when appropriate, by practices emphasizing restoration and maintenance of natural processes on which species depend. /// El manejo orientado hacia la recuperación de dos especies de aves ribereñas Vireo belli pusillus y Empidonax trailli extimus se ha focalizado principalmente en el control de los Molothrus spp parásitos. Durante los pasados 20 años, la captura anual de los Molothrus en las áreas de nidificación de Vireo belli pusillus y Empidonax trailli extimus ha eliminado o reducido el parasitismo en comparación con las tasas previas a la captura y, en consecuencia, ha incrementado significativamente la productividad estacional de las parejas reproductivas. Ese mejora en productividad, a su vez, ha resultado en que el número de Vireo belli pusillus se incrementara 8 veces. La abundancia de Empidonax trailli extimus en cambio, ha variado poco, e incluso en algunos sitios, se ha reducido a pesar del control de los Molothrus. Aunque aparentemente el control de Molothrus fue exitoso por los resultados obtenidos a corto plazo, el control de los Molothrus posee consecuencias potencialmente negativas para la recuperación a largo plazo de las especies en peligro. De la forma en que es actualmente aplicado, el control de los Molothrus carece de criterios biológicos predeterminados que permitan dejar de aplicarlo. Esto implica que las especies que se quiera proteger dependan eternamente de la intervención humana. El hecho de que que el manejo de las especies en peligro se base en la dependencia prolongada en el control de los Molothrus podría distraer la atención sobre la identificación y el manejo de otros factores que limitan dichas poblaciones-en particular, la disponibilidad de hábitat. Basándonos en nuestro análisis de estos programas a largo plazo, sugerimos que el control de Molothrus quede reservado para las crisis de manejo de corto plazo. Cuando fuera apropiado, es de esperar que dicho manejo sea reemplazado por prácticas enfatizadas hacia la restauración y el mantenimiento de los procesos naturales de los cuales esas especies en realidad dependen.
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\nFire affects a number of abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems, and had many economic and social ramifications. The full range of consequences, however, remains poorly understood.
\nTo implement sound fire management, managers require improved understanding of fire effects on public lands. Although the importance of fire to ecosystem function is widely recognized, wildfire science has not been fully integrated into management actions.
\nAn interdisciplinary approach is essential to integrate and evaluate tradeoffs among fire management policies and practices.
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