{"pageNumber":"2587","pageRowStart":"64650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70029041,"text":"70029041 - 2005 - Speciation of mercury and mode of transport from placer gold mine tailings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70029041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation of mercury and mode of transport from placer gold mine tailings","docAbstract":"Historic placer gold mining in the Clear Creek tributary to the Sacramento River (Redding, CA) has highly impacted the hydrology and ecology of an important salmonid spawning stream. Restoration of the watershed utilized dredge tailings contaminated with mercury (Hg) introduced during gold mining, posing the possibility of persistent Hg release to the surrounding environment, including the San Francisco Bay Delta. Column experiments have been performed to evaluate the extent of Hg transport under chemical conditions potentially similar to those in river restoration projects utilizing dredge tailings such as at Clear Creek. Physicochemical perturbations, in the form of shifts in column influent ionic strength and the presence of a low molecular weight organic acid, were applied to coarse and fine sand placer tailings containing 109-194 and 69-90 ng of Hg/g, respectively. Significant concentrations of mercury, up to 16 ??g/L, leach from these sediments in dissolved and particle-associated forms. Sequential chemical extractions (SCE) of these tailings indicate that elemental Hg initially introduced during gold mining has been transformed to readily soluble species, such as mercury oxides and chlorides (3-4%), intermediately extractable phases that likely include (in)organic sorption complexes and amalgams (75-87%), and fractions of highly insoluble forms such as mercury sulfides (6-20%; e.g., cinnabar and metacinnabar). Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopic analysis of colloids obtained from column effluent identified cinnabar particles as the dominant mobile mercury-bearing phase. The fraction of intermediately extractable Hg phases also likely includes mobile colloids to which Hg is adsorbed. ?? 2005 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es049113z","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Slowey, A., Rytuba, J.J., and Brown, G.E., 2005, Speciation of mercury and mode of transport from placer gold mine tailings: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1547-1554, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049113z.","startPage":"1547","endPage":"1554","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209751,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es049113z"},{"id":236453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94ece4b08c986b31acc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slowey, A.J.","contributorId":9445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slowey","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Gordon E. Jr.","contributorId":10166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Gordon","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027445,"text":"70027445 - 2005 - Application and evaluation of a stomach flushing technique for alligators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027445","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application and evaluation of a stomach flushing technique for alligators","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0018084X","usgsCitation":"Rice, A., Ross, J., Finger, A., and Owen, R., 2005, Application and evaluation of a stomach flushing technique for alligators: Herpetological Review, v. 36, no. 4, p. 400-401.","startPage":"400","endPage":"401","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec83e4b0c8380cd492f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, A.N.","contributorId":41638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, J.P.","contributorId":37519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finger, A.G.","contributorId":90929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Owen, R.","contributorId":90669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027902,"text":"70027902 - 2005 - Multifractal magnetic susceptibility distribution models of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Needle Creek Igneous Center of the Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-27T15:59:28.805108","indexId":"70027902","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2878,"text":"Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multifractal magnetic susceptibility distribution models of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Needle Creek Igneous Center of the Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p><span>Magnetic susceptibility was measured for 700 samples of drill core from thirteen drill holes in the porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit of the Stinkingwater mining district in the Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming. The magnetic susceptibility measurements, chemical analyses, and alteration class provided a database for study of magnetic susceptibility in these altered rocks. The distribution of the magnetic susceptibilities for all samples is multi-modal, with overlapping peaked distributions for samples in the propylitic and phyllic alteration class, a tail of higher susceptibilities for potassic alteration, and an approximately uniform distribution over a narrow range at the highest susceptibilities for unaltered rocks. Samples from all alteration and mineralization classes show susceptibilities across a wide range of values. Samples with secondary (supergene) alteration due to oxidation or enrichment show lower susceptibilities than primary (hypogene) alteration rock. Observed magnetic susceptibility variations and the monolithological character of the host rock suggest that the variations are due to varying degrees of alteration of blocks of rock between fractures that conducted hydrothermal fluids. Alteration of rock from the fractures inward progressively reduces the bulk magnetic susceptibility of the rock. The model introduced in this paper consists of a simulation of the fracture pattern and a simulation of the alteration of the rock between fractures. A multifractal model generated from multiplicative cascades with unequal ratios produces distributions statistically similar to the observed distributions. The reduction in susceptibility in the altered rocks was modelled as a diffusion process operating on the fracture distribution support. The average magnetic susceptibility was then computed for each block. For the purpose of comparing the model results with observation, the simulated magnetic susceptibilities were then averaged over the same interval as the measured data. Comparisons of the model and data from drillholes show good but not perfect agreement.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/npg-12-587-2005","usgsCitation":"Gettings, M.E., 2005, Multifractal magnetic susceptibility distribution models of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Needle Creek Igneous Center of the Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming: Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, v. 12, no. 5, p. 587-601, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-12-587-2005.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"601","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477934,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-12-587-2005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Absaroka Mountains, Needle Creek Igneous Center","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.654541015625,\n              44.045154472558046\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.42520141601561,\n              44.045154472558046\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.42520141601561,\n              43.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.654541015625,\n              43.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.654541015625,\n              44.045154472558046\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6026e4b0c8380cd71311","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gettings, Mark E. 0000-0002-2910-2321 mgetting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-2321","contributorId":602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"Mark","email":"mgetting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70029065,"text":"70029065 - 2005 - Timing and development of the Heise volcanic field, Snake River Plain, Idaho, western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70029065","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing and development of the Heise volcanic field, Snake River Plain, Idaho, western USA","docAbstract":"The Snake River Plain (SRP) developed over the last 16 Ma as a bimodal volcanic province in response to the southwest movement of the North American plate over a fixed melting anomaly. Volcanism along the SRP is dominated by eruptions of explosive high-silica rhyolites and represents some of the largest eruptions known. Basaltic eruptions represent the final stages of volcanism, forming a thin cap above voluminous rhyolitic deposits. Volcanism progressed, generally from west to east, along the plain episodically in successive volcanic fields comprised of nested caldera complexes with major caldera-forming eruptions within a particular field separated by ca. 0.5-1 Ma, similar to, and in continuation with, the present-day Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field. Passage of the North American plate over the melting anomaly at a particular point in time and space was accompanied by uplift, regional tectonism, massive explosive eruptions, and caldera subsidence, and followed by basaltic volcanism and general subsidence. The Heise volcan ic field in the eastern SRP, Idaho, represents an adjacent and slightly older field immediately to the southwest of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field. Five large-volume (>0.5 km3) rhyolitic ignimbrites constitute a time-stratigraphic framework of late Miocene to early Pliocene volcanism for the study region. Field relations and high-precision 40Ar/39Ar age determinations establish that four of these regional ignimbrites were erupted from the Heise volcanic field and form the framework of the Heise Group. These are the Blacktail Creek Tuff (6.62 ?? 0.03 Ma), Walcott Tuff (6.27 ?? 0.04 Ma), Conant Creek Tuff (5.51 ?? 0.13 Ma), and Kilgore Tuff (4.45 ?? 0.05 Ma; all errors reported at ?? 2??). The fifth widespread ignimbrite in the regions is the Arbon Valley Tuff Member of the Starlight Formation (10.21 ?? 0.03 Ma), which erupted from a caldera source outside of the Heise volcanic field. These results establish the Conant Creek Tuff as a distinct and widespread ignimbrite in the Heise volcanic field, eliminating former confusion resulting from previous discordant K/Ar and fission-track dates. New 40Ar/39Ar determinations, when combined wi th geochemical, lithologic geophysical, and field data, define the volcanic and tectonic history of the Heise volcanic field and surrounding areas. Volcanic units erupted from the Heise volcanic field also provide temporal control for tectonic events associated with late Cenozoic extension in the Snake Range and with uplift of the Teton Range, Wyoming. In the Snake Range, movement of large (???0.10 km3) slide blocks of Mississippian limestone exposed 50 km to the east of the Heise field occurred between 6.3 and 5.5 Ma and may have been catastrophically triggered by the caldera eruption of the 5.51 ?? 0.13-Ma Conant Creek Tuff. This slide block movement of ???300 vertical meters indicates that the Snake Range had significant relief by at least 5.5 Ma. In Jackson Hole, the distribution of outflow facies of the 4.45 ?? 0.05-Ma Kilgore caldera in the Heise volcanic field on the eastern SRP indicates that the northern Teton Range was not a significant topographic feature at this time. ?? 2005 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25519.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Morgan, L.A., and McIntosh, W.C., 2005, Timing and development of the Heise volcanic field, Snake River Plain, Idaho, western USA: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 3-4, p. 288-306, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25519.1.","startPage":"288","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210738,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25519.1"},{"id":237755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3e4e4b08c986b32604e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, L. A.","contributorId":16350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntosh, W. C.","contributorId":68039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntosh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027590,"text":"70027590 - 2005 - Monitoring eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens with TIR image data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-14T08:39:44","indexId":"70027590","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens with TIR image data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thermal infrared (TIR) data from the MASTER airborne imaging spectrometer were acquired over Mount St. Helens in Sept and Oct, 2004, before and after the onset of recent eruptive activity. Pre‐eruption data showed no measurable increase in surface temperatures before the first phreatic eruption on Oct 1. MASTER data acquired during the initial eruptive episode on Oct 14 showed maximum temperatures of ∼330°C and TIR data acquired concurrently from a Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera showed maximum temperatures ∼675°C, in narrow (∼1‐m) fractures of molten rock on a new resurgent dome. MASTER and FLIR thermal flux calculations indicated a radiative cooling rate of ∼714 J/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/s over the new dome, corresponding to a radiant power of ∼24 MW. MASTER data indicated the new dome was dacitic in composition, and digital elevation data derived from LIDAR acquired concurrently with MASTER showed that the dome growth correlated with the areas of elevated temperatures. Low SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations in the plume combined with sub‐optimal viewing conditions prohibited quantitative measurement of plume SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. The results demonstrate that airborne TIR data can provide information on the temperature of both the surface and plume and the composition of new lava during eruptive episodes. Given sufficient resources, the airborne instrumentation could be deployed rapidly to a newly‐awakening volcano and provide a means for remote volcano monitoring.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005GL024112","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Vaughan, R., Hook, S., Ramsey, M., Realmuto, V., and Schneider, D., 2005, Monitoring eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens with TIR image data: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 19, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024112.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl024112","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.34649658203124,\n              46.12274903582433\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.98669433593749,\n              46.12274903582433\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.98669433593749,\n              46.337447097476925\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34649658203124,\n              46.337447097476925\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34649658203124,\n              46.12274903582433\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5da5e4b0c8380cd704de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaughan, R.G.","contributorId":44738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughan","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hook, S.J.","contributorId":21711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsey, M.S.","contributorId":66475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Realmuto, V.J.","contributorId":60779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Realmuto","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schneider, D.J.","contributorId":12997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027409,"text":"70027409 - 2005 - Calibration of numerical models for small debris flows in Yosemite Valley, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-21T20:44:43","indexId":"70027409","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration of numerical models for small debris flows in Yosemite Valley, California, USA","docAbstract":"This study compares documented debris flow runout distances with numerical simulations in the Yosemite Valley of California, USA, where about 15% of historical events of slope instability can be classified as debris flows and debris slides (Wieczorek and Snyder, 2004). To model debris flows in the Yosemite Valley, we selected six streams with evidence of historical debris flows; three of the debris flow deposits have single channels, and the other three split their pattern in the fan area into two or more channels. From field observations all of the debris flows involved coarse material, with only very small clay content. We applied the one dimensional DAN (Dynamic ANalysis) model (Hungr, 1995) and the two-dimensional FLO2D model (O'Brien et al., 1993) to predict and compare the runout distance and the velocity of the debris flows observed in the study area. As a first step, we calibrated the parameters for the two softwares through the back analysis of three debris- flows channels using a trial-and-error procedure starting with values suggested in the literature. In the second step we applied the selected values to the other channels, in order to evaluate their predictive capabilities. After parameter calibration using three debris flows we obtained results similar to field observations We also obtained a good agreement between the two models for velocities. Both models are strongly influenced by topography: we used the 30 m cell size DTM available for the study area, that is probably not accurate enough for a highly detailed analysis, but it can be sufficient for a first screening. European Geosciences Union ?? 2005 Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-5-993-2005","issn":"15618633","usgsCitation":"Bertolo, P., and Wieczorek, G.F., 2005, Calibration of numerical models for small debris flows in Yosemite Valley, California, USA: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 5, no. 6, p. 993-1001, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-993-2005.","startPage":"993","endPage":"1001","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-993-2005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267919,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-993-2005"}],"volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f317e4b0c8380cd4b5c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bertolo, P.","contributorId":20539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertolo","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028231,"text":"70028231 - 2005 - A simple and effective radiometric correction method to improve landscape change detection across sensors and across time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-06T10:24:44","indexId":"70028231","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple and effective radiometric correction method to improve landscape change detection across sensors and across time","docAbstract":"<p>Satellite data offer unrivaled utility in monitoring and quantifying large scale land cover change over time. Radiometric consistency among collocated multi-temporal imagery is difficult to maintain, however, due to variations in sensor characteristics, atmospheric conditions, solar angle, and sensor view angle that can obscure surface change detection. To detect accurate landscape change using multi-temporal images, we developed a variation of the pseudoinvariant feature (PIF) normalization scheme: the temporally invariant cluster (TIC) method. Image data were acquired on June 9, 1990 (Landsat 4), June 20, 2000 (Landsat 7), and August 26, 2001 (Landsat 7) to analyze boreal forests near the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and reduced simple ratio (RSR). The temporally invariant cluster (TIC) centers were identified via a point density map of collocated pixel VIs from the base image and the target image, and a normalization regression line was created to intersect all TIC centers. Target image VI values were then recalculated using the regression function so that these two images could be compared using the resulting common radiometric scale. We found that EVI was very indicative of vegetation structure because of its sensitivity to shadowing effects and could thus be used to separate conifer forests from deciduous forests and grass/crop lands. Conversely, because NDVI reduced the radiometric influence of shadow, it did not allow for distinctions among these vegetation types. After normalization, correlations of NDVI and EVI with forest leaf area index (LAI) field measurements combined for 2000 and 2001 were significantly improved; the r 2 values in these regressions rose from 0.49 to 0.69 and from 0.46 to 0.61, respectively. An EVI \"cancellation effect\" where EVI was positively related to understory greenness but negatively related to forest canopy coverage was evident across a post fire chronosequence with normalized data. These findings indicate that the TIC method provides a simple, effective and repeatable method to create radiometrically comparable data sets for remote detection of landscape change. Compared to some previous relative radiometric normalization methods, this new method does not require high level programming and statistical skills, yet remains sensitive to landscape changes occurring over seasonal and inter-annual time scales. In addition, the TIC method maintains sensitivity to subtle changes in vegetation phenology and enables normalization even when invariant features are rare. While this normalization method allowed detection of a range of land use, land cover, and phenological/biophysical changes in the Siberian boreal forest region studied here, it is necessary to further examine images representing a wide variety of ecoregions to thoroughly evaluate the TIC method against other normalization schemes. ?? 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2005.05.021","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Chen, X., Vierling, L., and Deering, D., 2005, A simple and effective radiometric correction method to improve landscape change detection across sensors and across time: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 98, no. 1, p. 63-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.05.021.","startPage":"63","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210314,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.05.021"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e58be4b0c8380cd46df4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, X.","contributorId":76527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vierling, Lee","contributorId":17022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vierling","given":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deering, D.","contributorId":69352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deering","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028821,"text":"70028821 - 2005 - Crustal P-wave velocity structure from Altyn Tagh to Longmen mountains along the Taiwan-Altay geoscience transect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T14:01:38.612705","indexId":"70028821","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1234,"text":"Chinese Journal of Geophysics (Acta Geophysica Sinica)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal P-wave velocity structure from Altyn Tagh to Longmen mountains along the Taiwan-Altay geoscience transect","docAbstract":"<p><span>Based upon the seismic experiments along Geoscience Transect from the Altyn Tagh to the Longmen Mountains, the crustal P-wave velocity structure was derived to outline the characteristics of the crust in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau. The section shows a few significant features. The crustal thickness varies dramatically, and is consistent with the tectonic settings. The Moho boundary abruptly drops to 73km depth beneath the southern Altyn Tagh from 50km in the Tarim basin, then rises again to about 58km depth beneath the Qaidam basin. The Moho drops again to about 70km underneath the Songpan-Garzê Terrane, then rises stepwise to 60km near Longmen Mountains. To further southeast, the crust thins to 52km beneath the Sichuan basin in the southeast of Longmen Mountains. In the north of the Kunlun Fault, a low-velocity zone,which may be a layer of melted rocks due to high temperature and pressure in the depth,exists in the the bottom of the middle crust.The two depressions of the Moho correlate with the Qilian and Songpan-Garzê Terranes, implying that these two mountains have deep roots. According to our results, it is deduced that the thick crust of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau probably is a result of east-west and northwest-southeast crustal shortening since the Mesozoic during the collision of the Asian and Indian plates.</span></p>","language":"Chinese","publisher":"Chinese Geophysical Society","doi":"10.1002/cjg2.632","usgsCitation":"Wang, Y., Mooney, W.D., Han, G., Yuan, X., and Jiang, M., 2005, Crustal P-wave velocity structure from Altyn Tagh to Longmen mountains along the Taiwan-Altay geoscience transect: Chinese Journal of Geophysics (Acta Geophysica Sinica), v. 48, no. 1, p. 98-106, https://doi.org/10.1002/cjg2.632.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Taiwan-Altay geoscience transect","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              80.5517578125,\n              34.27083595165\n            ],\n            [\n              103.0078125,\n              34.27083595165\n            ],\n            [\n              103.0078125,\n              44.08758502824516\n            ],\n            [\n              80.5517578125,\n              44.08758502824516\n            ],\n            [\n              80.5517578125,\n              34.27083595165\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcd7e4b0c8380cd4e469","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Y.-X.","contributorId":13800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Y.-X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":419885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Han, G.-H.","contributorId":64010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"G.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yuan, X.-C.","contributorId":30018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"X.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jiang, M.","contributorId":103062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027904,"text":"70027904 - 2005 - Ordovician conodonts and stratigraphy of the ST. Peter sandstone and glen wood shale, central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027904","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1142,"text":"Bulletins of American Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ordovician conodonts and stratigraphy of the ST. Peter sandstone and glen wood shale, central United States","docAbstract":"The age of the St. Peter Sandstone in the central and northern Midcontinent has long been considered equivocal because of the general absence of biostratigraphically useful fossils. Conodonts recovered from the St. Peter Sandstone in Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Kansas for this study help place some age constraints on this renowned formation in its northern and western extent. Faunas from the lower St. Peter include Phragmodus flexuosus, Cahabagnathus sp., and Leptochirognathus sp., and a late Whiterockian (Chazyan) correlation is indicated. Juvenile or immature elements of P. flexuosus from these collections show morphologies trending toward P. cognitus and P. inflexus, and paedomorphic derivation of these latter species is proposed. Diverse assemblages of hyaline forms also occur in the St. Peter strata (Erismodus spp., Erraticodon sp., Curtognathus sp., Coleodus sp., Archeognathus sp., Stereoconus sp., others) along with various albid elements (Plectodina sp., Eoplacognathus sp., others). The overlying Glenwood Shale contains abundant conodonts dominated by Phragmodus cognitus, Erismodus sp., and Chirognathus duodactylus, and the fauna is interpreted as an early Mohawkian (Blackriveran) association. Certain thin shale units in the St. Peter-Glenwood succession represent condensed intervals, in part reflected by their exceptionally high conodont abundances. Some organic-rich phosphatic shale units in the lower St. Peter of western Iowa have produced equivalent yields of tens of thousands of conodonts per kilogram, and many Glenwood Shale samples yield thousands of conodonts per kilogram. Previous depositional models have proposed that the St. Peter is primarily a succession of littoral and nearshore facies forming a broadly diachronous transgressive sheet sand. However, broad-scale diachroneity cannot be demonstrated with available biostratigraphic control. The recognition of condensed marine shale units, phosphorites, ironstones, and pyritic hardgrounds in the western facies tract of the St. Peter Sandstone has necessitated a re-evaluation of previous regional models of St. Peter deposition. The St. Peter is interpreted to be a composite stratigraphic interval deposited during a succession of transgressive-regressive sedimentary cycles. Transgressive episodes in some cycles were marked by offshore sediment condensation or starvation within a stratified seaway.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletins of American Paleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00075779","usgsCitation":"Witzke, B., and Metzger, R., 2005, Ordovician conodonts and stratigraphy of the ST. Peter sandstone and glen wood shale, central United States: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 2005, no. 369, p. 53-91.","startPage":"53","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2005","issue":"369","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f5fe4b0c8380cd75a66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witzke, B.J.","contributorId":12976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metzger, R.A.","contributorId":103825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027827,"text":"70027827 - 2005 - Sub-seafloor acoustic characterization of seamounts near the Ogasawara Fracture Zone in the western Pacific using chirp (3-7 kHz) subbottom profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027827","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1370,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sub-seafloor acoustic characterization of seamounts near the Ogasawara Fracture Zone in the western Pacific using chirp (3-7 kHz) subbottom profiles","docAbstract":"A detailed analysis of chirp (3-7 kHz) subbottom profiles and bathymetry was performed on data collected from seamounts near the Ogasawara Fracture Zone (OFZ) in the western Pacific. The OFZ, which is a 150 km wide rift zone showing 600 km of right-lateral movement in a NW-SE direction, is unique among the fracture zones of the Pacific in that it includes many old seamounts (e.g., Magellan Seamounts and seamounts on Dutton Ridge). Sub-seafloor acoustic echoes on the seamounts are classified into nine specific types based on the nature and continuity of the echoes, subbottom structure, and morphology of the seafloor: (1) distinct echoes (types I-1, I-2, I-3), (2) indistinct echoes (types II-1, II-2, II-3), and (3) hyperbolic echoes (types III-1, III-2, III-3). Type I-2 pelagic sediments, characterized by thin and intermittent coverage, were probably deposited in topographically sheltered areas when bottom currents were strong, whereas type I-1 pelagic sediments accumulated during continuous and widespread sedimentation. Development of seamount flank rift zones in the OFZ may have been influenced by preexisting structures in the transform fracture zone at the time of volcanism, whereas those on Ita Mai Tai seamount in the Pigafetta Basin originated solely by edifice-building processes. Flank rift zones that formed by dike intrusions and eruptions played an important role in mass wasting. Mass-wasting processes included block faulting or block slides around the summit margin, sliding/slumping, debris flows, and turbidites, which may have been triggered by faulting, volcanism, dike injection, and weathering during various stages in the evolution of the seamounts. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2005.04.009","issn":"09670637","usgsCitation":"Lee, T., Hein, J., Lee, K., Moon, J., and Ko, Y., 2005, Sub-seafloor acoustic characterization of seamounts near the Ogasawara Fracture Zone in the western Pacific using chirp (3-7 kHz) subbottom profiles: Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 52, no. 10, p. 1932-1956, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2005.04.009.","startPage":"1932","endPage":"1956","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210919,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2005.04.009"},{"id":237999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9cf7e4b08c986b31d56d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, T.-G.","contributorId":80895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"T.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Kenneth","contributorId":61064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moon, J.-W.","contributorId":47968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moon","given":"J.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ko, Y.-T.","contributorId":103463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ko","given":"Y.-T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029066,"text":"70029066 - 2005 - Supergene destruction of a hydrothermal replacement alunite deposit at Big Rock Candy Mountain, Utah: Mineralogy, spectroscopic remote sensing, stable-isotope, and argon-age evidences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:31:32","indexId":"70029066","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supergene destruction of a hydrothermal replacement alunite deposit at Big Rock Candy Mountain, Utah: Mineralogy, spectroscopic remote sensing, stable-isotope, and argon-age evidences","docAbstract":"<p><span>Big Rock Candy Mountain is a prominent center of variegated altered volcanic rocks in west-central Utah. It consists of the eroded remnants of a hypogene alunite deposit that, at ∼21 Ma, replaced intermediate-composition lava flows. The alunite formed in steam-heated conditions above the upwelling limb of a convection cell that was one of at least six spaced at 3- to 4-km intervals around the margin of a monzonite stock. Big Rock Candy Mountain is horizontally zoned outward from an alunite core to respective kaolinite, dickite, and propylite envelopes. The altered rocks are also vertically zoned from a lower pyrite–propylite assemblage upward through assemblages successively dominated by hypogene alunite, jarosite, and hematite, to a flooded silica cap. This hydrothermal assemblage is undergoing natural destruction in a steep canyon downcut by the Sevier River in Marysvale Canyon. Integrated geological, mineralogical, spectroscopic remote sensing using AVIRIS data, Ar radiometric, and stable isotopic studies trace the hypogene origin and supergene destruction of the deposit and permit distinction of primary (hydrothermal) and secondary (weathering) processes. This destruction has led to the formation of widespread supergene gypsum in cross-cutting fractures and as surficial crusts, and to natrojarosite, that gives the mountain its buff coloration along ridges facing the canyon. A small spring, Lemonade Spring, with a pH of 2.6 and containing Ca, Mg, Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Cl, and SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, also occurs near the bottom of the canyon. The<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age (21.32±0.07 Ma) of the alunite is similar to that for other replacement alunites at Marysvale. However, the age spectrum contains evidence of a 6.6-Ma thermal event that can be related to the tectonic activity responsible for the uplift that led to the downcutting of Big Rock Candy Mountain by the Sevier River. This ∼6.6 Ma event also is present in the age spectrum of supergene natrojarosite forming today, and probably dates the beginning of supergene alteration at Big Rock Candy Mountain. The<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δ</i><sup>34</sup><span>S value (11.9‰) of alunite is similar to those for replacement alunite from other deposits in the Marysvale volcanic field. The<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δ</i><sup>34</sup><span>S values of natrojarosite (0.7‰ to −1.2‰) are similar to those for aqueous sulfate in Lemonade Spring, but are larger than those in pyrite (0.4‰ to −4.7‰). The<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δ</i><sup>34</sup><span>S and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>SO<sub>4</sub></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>values of gypsum show an excellent correlation, with values ranging from 15.2‰ to −5.2‰ and 7‰ to −8.2‰, respectively. The stable-isotope data indicate that the aqueous sulfate for gypsum is a mixture derived from the dissolution of hypogene gypsum and alunite, and from the supergene oxidation of pyrite. The aqueous sulfate for the natrojarosite, however, is derived largely from the supergene oxidation of pyrite, with a minor contribution from the dissolution of alunite and gypsum. The exceptional detailed spectral mapping capabilities of AVIRIS led to the recognition of a small amount of jarosite that is probably the top of the steam-heated system that produced the primary hypogene alteration at Big Rock Candy Mountain.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.055","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, C.G., Rye, R.O., Rockwell, B.W., Kunk, M.J., and Councell, T.B., 2005, Supergene destruction of a hydrothermal replacement alunite deposit at Big Rock Candy Mountain, Utah: Mineralogy, spectroscopic remote sensing, stable-isotope, and argon-age evidences: Chemical Geology, v. 215, no. 1-4, p. 317-337, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.055.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"337","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Big Rock Candy Mountain","volume":"215","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f57e4b08c986b31e4eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Charles G.","contributorId":85940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Councell, Terry B.","contributorId":32301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Councell","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027834,"text":"70027834 - 2005 - Yellowstone bison fetal development and phenology of parturition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T09:58:59","indexId":"70027834","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Yellowstone bison fetal development and phenology of parturition","docAbstract":"<p>Knowledge of Yellowstone bison (<i>Bison bison</i>) parturition patterns allows managers to refine risk assessments and manage to reduce the potential for transmission of brucellosis between bison and cattle. We used historical (1941) and contemporary (1989&ndash;2002) weights and morphometric measurements of Yellowstone bison fetuses to describe fetal growth and to predict timing and synchrony of parturition. Our method was supported by agreement between our predicted parturition pattern and observed birth dates for bison that were taken in to captivity while pregnant. The distribution of parturition dates in Yellowstone bison is generally right-skewed with a majority of births in April and May and few births in the following months. Predicted timing of parturition was consistently earlier for bison of Yellowstone's northern herd than central herd. The predicted median parturition date for northern herd bison in the historical period was 3 to 12 days earlier than for 2 years in the contemporary period, respectively. Median predicted birth dates and birthing synchrony differed within herds and years in the contemporary period. For a single year of paired data, the predicted median birth date for northern herd bison was 14 days earlier than for central herd bison. This difference is coincident with an earlier onset of spring plant growth on the northern range. Our findings permit refinement of the timing of separation between Yellowstone bison and cattle intended to reduce the probability of transmission of brucellosis from bison to cattle.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1716:YBFDAP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Gogan, P., Podruzny, K., Olexa, E., Pac, H., and Frey, K., 2005, Yellowstone bison fetal development and phenology of parturition: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 4, p. 1716-1730, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1716:YBFDAP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1716","endPage":"1730","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210987,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1716:YBFDAP]2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.346435546875,\n              44.11716972942086\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.346435546875,\n              45.222677199620094\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.79736328125,\n              45.222677199620094\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.79736328125,\n              44.11716972942086\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.346435546875,\n              44.11716972942086\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd218e4b08c986b32f649","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gogan, P.J.P.","contributorId":53337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogan","given":"P.J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Podruzny, K.M.","contributorId":54154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podruzny","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olexa, E.M.","contributorId":108063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olexa","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pac, H.I.","contributorId":98102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pac","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frey, K.L.","contributorId":95014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029060,"text":"70029060 - 2005 - Long-term changes in ground water chemistry at a phytoremediation demonstration site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T20:00:10.221587","indexId":"70029060","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term changes in ground water chemistry at a phytoremediation demonstration site","docAbstract":"<p><span>A field-scale demonstration project was conducted to evaluate the capability of eastern cottonwood trees (</span><i>Populus deltoides</i><span>) to attenuate trichloroethene (TCE) contamination of ground water. By the middle of the sixth growing season, trees planted where depth to water was &lt;3 m delivered enough dissolved organic carbon to the underlying aquifer to lower dissolved oxygen concentrations, to create iron-reducing conditions along the plume centerline and sulfate-reducing or methanogenic conditions in localized areas, and to initiate in situ reductive dechlorination of TCE. Apparent biodegradation rate constants for TCE along the centerline of the plume beneath the phytoremediation system increased from 0.0002/d to 0.02/d during the first six growing seasons. The corresponding increase in natural attenuation capacity of the aquifer along the plume centerline, from 0.0004/m to 0.024/m, is associated with a potential decrease in plume-stabilization distance from 9680 to 160 m. Demonstration results provide insight into the amount of vegetation and time that may be needed to achieve cleanup objectives at the field scale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0018.x","usgsCitation":"Eberts, S.M., Jones, S.A., Braun, C.L., and Harvey, G., 2005, Long-term changes in ground water chemistry at a phytoremediation demonstration site: Ground Water, v. 43, no. 2, p. 178-186, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0018.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a497ce4b0c8380cd68650","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. 0000-0001-5138-8293 smeberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5138-8293","contributorId":127844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Sonya A. 0000-0002-7462-8576 sajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-8576","contributorId":1690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Sonya","email":"sajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":421174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Gregory J","contributorId":191272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"Gregory J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027559,"text":"70027559 - 2005 - The watershed and river systems management program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70027559","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The watershed and river systems management program","docAbstract":"The Watershed and River System Management Program (WaRSMP), a joint effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), is focused on research and development of decision support systems and their application to achieve an equitable balance among diverse water resource management demands. Considerations include: (1) legal and political constraints; (2) stake holder and consensus-building; (3) sound technical knowledge; (4) flood control, consumptive use, and hydropower; (5) water transfers; (6) irrigation return flows and water quality; (7) recreation; (8) habitat for endangered species; (9) water supply and proration; (10) near-surface groundwater; and (11) water ownership, accounting, and rights. To address the interdisciplinary and multi-stake holder needs of real-time watershed management, WaRSMP has developed a decision support system toolbox. The USGS Object User Interface facilitates the coupling of Reclamation's RiverWare reservoir operations model with the USGS Modular Modeling and Precipitation Runoff Modeling Systems through a central database. This integration is accomplished through the use of Model and Data Management Interfaces. WaRSMP applications include Colorado River Main stem and Gunnison Basin, the Yakima Basin, the Middle Rio Grande Basin, the Truckee-Carson Basin, and the Umatilla Basin.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceTitle":"2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceDate":"19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA","language":"English","isbn":"0784407630","usgsCitation":"Markstrom, S., Frevert, D., and Leavesley, G., 2005, The watershed and river systems management program, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges, Williamsburg, VA, 19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005.","startPage":"437","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1d6e4b08c986b325442","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moglen G.E.","contributorId":128404,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Moglen G.E.","id":536618,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Markstrom, S.L.","contributorId":76807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frevert, D.","contributorId":24162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frevert","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027429,"text":"70027429 - 2005 - Modeling downstream fining in sand-bed rivers. II: Application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T15:39:18.338091","indexId":"70027429","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2339,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling downstream fining in sand-bed rivers. II: Application","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this paper the model presented in the companion paper, Wright and Parker (2005) is applied to a generic river reach typical of a large, sand-bed river flowing into the ocean in order to investigate the mechanisms controlling longitudinal profile development and downstream fining. Three mechanisms which drive downstream fining are studied: a delta prograding into standing water, sea-level rise, and tectonic subsidence. Various rates of sea-level rise (typical of the late Holocene) and tectonic subsidence are modeled in order to quantify their effects on the degree of profile concavity and downstream fining. Also, several other physical mechanisms which may affect fining are studied, including the relative importance of the suspended versus bed load, the effect of the loss of sediment overbank, and the influence of the delta bottom slope. Finally, sensitivity analysis is used to show that the grain-size distribution at the interface between the active layer and substrate has a significant effect on downstream fining.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00221680509500382","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., and Parker, G., 2005, Modeling downstream fining in sand-bed rivers. II: Application: Journal of Hydraulic Research, v. 43, no. 6, p. 621-631, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221680509500382.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"631","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477882,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.578.5544","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bf1e4b0c8380cd6f8fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, S.","contributorId":54384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027714,"text":"70027714 - 2005 - Steam injection pilot study in a contaminated fractured limestone (Maine, USA): Modeling and analysis of borehole radar reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T15:59:19","indexId":"70027714","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Steam injection pilot study in a contaminated fractured limestone (Maine, USA): Modeling and analysis of borehole radar reflection data","docAbstract":"Steam-enhanced remediation (SER) has been successfully used to remove DNAPL and LNAPL contaminants in porous media. Between August and November 2002, SER was tested in fractured limestone at the former Loring Air Force Base, in Maine, USA. During the SER investigation, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a series of borehole radar surveys to evaluate the effectiveness of radar methods for monitoring the movement of steam and heat through the fractured limestone. The data were collected before steam injection, 10 days after the beginning of injection, and at the end of injection. In this paper, reflection-mode borehole radar data from wells JBW-7816 and JBW-7817A are presented and discussed. Theoretical modeling was performed to predict the variation of fracture reflectivity owed to heating, to show displacement of water and to assess the effect of SER at the site. Analysis of the radar profile data indicates some variations resulting from heating (increase of continuity of reflectors, attenuation of deeper reflections) but no substantial variation of traveltimes. Spectral content analysis of several individual reflections surrounding the boreholes was used to investigate the replacement of water by steam in the fractures. Observed decrease in radar reflectivity was too small to be explained by a replacement of water by steam, except for two high-amplitude reflectors, which disappeared near the end of the injection; moreover, no change of polarity, consistent with steam replacing water, was observed. The decrease of amplitude was greater for reflectors near well JBW-7817A and is explained by a greater heating around this well.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"3rd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2005","conferenceDate":"May 3-5, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Delft, Netherlands","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/AGPR.2005.1487846","isbn":"9080970115; 9789080970113","usgsCitation":"Gregoire, C., Lane, J., and Joesten, P., 2005, Steam injection pilot study in a contaminated fractured limestone (Maine, USA): Modeling and analysis of borehole radar reflection data, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2005, v. 2005, Delft, Netherlands, May 3-5, 2005, p. 55-59, 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Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027718,"text":"70027718 - 2005 - Rain, winds and haze during the Huygens probe's descent to Titan's surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-11T08:39:53","indexId":"70027718","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rain, winds and haze during the Huygens probe's descent to Titan's surface","docAbstract":"<p>The irreversible conversion of methane into higher hydrocarbons in Titan's stratosphere implies a surface or subsurface methane reservoir. Recent measurements from the cameras aboard the Cassini orbiter fail to see a global reservoir, but the methane and smog in Titan's atmosphere impedes the search for hydrocarbons on the surface. Here we report spectra and high-resolution images obtained by the Huygens Probe Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer instrument in Titan's atmosphere. Although these images do not show liquid hydrocarbon pools on the surface, they do reveal the traces of once flowing liquid. Surprisingly like Earth, the brighter highland regions show complex systems draining into flat, dark lowlands. Images taken after landing are of a dry riverbed. The infrared reflectance spectrum measured for the surface is unlike any other in the Solar System; there is a red slope in the optical range that is consistent with an organic material such as tholins, and absorption from water ice is seen. However, a blue slope in the near-infrared suggests another, unknown constituent. The number density of haze particles increases by a factor of just a few from an altitude of 150 km to the surface, with no clear space below the tropopause. The methane relative humidity near the surface is 50 per cent.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Research","doi":"10.1038/nature04126","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Tomasko, M., Archinal, B., Becker, T., Bezard, B., Bushroe, M., Combes, M., Cook, D., Coustenis, A., De Bergh, C., Dafoe, L., Doose, L., Doute, S., Eibl, A., Engel, S., Gliem, F., Grieger, B., Holso, K., Howington-Kraus, E., Karkoschka, E., Keller, H., Kirk, R.L., Kramm, R., Kuppers, M., Lanagan, P., Lellouch, E., Lemmon, M., Lunine, J., McFarlane, E., Moores, J., Prout, G., Rizk, B., Rosiek, M., Rueffer, P., Schroder, S., Schmitt, B., See, C., Smith, P., Soderblom, L.A., Thomas, N., and West, R., 2005, Rain, winds and haze during the Huygens probe's descent to Titan's surface: Nature, v. 438, no. 7069, p. 765-778, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04126.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"778","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Titan","volume":"438","issue":"7069","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9449e4b0c8380cd812fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tomasko, M.G.","contributorId":94861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomasko","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archinal, B.","contributorId":75399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Becker, T.","contributorId":78125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bezard, B.","contributorId":75364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bezard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bushroe, M.","contributorId":86235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushroe","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Combes, M.","contributorId":66892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Combes","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cook, D.","contributorId":61774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coustenis, A.","contributorId":11398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coustenis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"De Bergh, C.","contributorId":58130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Bergh","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dafoe, L.E.","contributorId":86236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dafoe","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Doose, L.","contributorId":13067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doose","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Doute, S.","contributorId":62803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doute","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Eibl, A.","contributorId":84640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eibl","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Engel, S.","contributorId":105562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Gliem, F.","contributorId":86133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gliem","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Grieger, B.","contributorId":73081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grieger","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Holso, K.","contributorId":29706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holso","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Howington-Kraus, E.","contributorId":35452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howington-Kraus","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Karkoschka, E.","contributorId":35123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karkoschka","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Keller, H.U.","contributorId":84526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"H.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Kramm, R.","contributorId":78105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramm","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Kuppers, M.","contributorId":44775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuppers","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Lanagan, P.","contributorId":77436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanagan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Lellouch, E.","contributorId":14119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellouch","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Lemmon, M.","contributorId":65628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemmon","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Lunine, J.","contributorId":42335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunine","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"McFarlane, E.","contributorId":92066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarlane","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Moores, J.","contributorId":105611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moores","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Prout, G.M.","contributorId":73082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prout","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Rizk, B.","contributorId":77741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizk","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Rosiek, M.","contributorId":46679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiek","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Rueffer, P.","contributorId":94059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rueffer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Schroder, S.E.","contributorId":26590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Schmitt, B.","contributorId":21018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"See, C.","contributorId":74203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"See","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Smith, P.","contributorId":88519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"West, R.","contributorId":26996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40}]}}
,{"id":70027817,"text":"70027817 - 2005 - Foraging ecology of Caspian Terns in the Columbia River Estuary, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T15:10:02.665936","indexId":"70027817","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging ecology of Caspian Terns in the Columbia River Estuary, USA","docAbstract":"<div class=\"div0\"><div class=\"row ArticleContentRow\"><p id=\"ID0EF\" class=\"first\">Comparisons were made of the foraging ecology of Caspian Terns (<i><span class=\"genus-species\">Sterna caspia</span></i>) nesting on two islands in the Columbia River estuary using radio telemetry and observations of prey fed to chicks and mates at each colony. Early in the chick-rearing period, radio-tagged terns nesting at Rice Island (river km 34) foraged mostly in the freshwater zone of the estuary close to the colony, while terns nesting on East Sand Island (river km 8) foraged in the marine or estuarine mixing zones close to that colony. Late in the chick-rearing period, Rice Island terns moved more of their foraging to the two zones lower in the estuary, while East Sand Island terns continued to forage in these areas. Tern diets at each colony corresponded to the primary foraging zone (freshwater vs. marine/mixing) of radio-tagged individuals: Early in chick-rearing, Rice Island terns relied heavily on juvenile salmonids (<i><span class=\"genus-species\">Oncorhynchus</span></i><span>&nbsp;</span>spp., 71% of identified prey), but this declined late in chick-rearing (46%). East Sand Island terns relied less on salmonids (42% and 16%, early and late in chick-rearing), and instead utilized marine fishes such as Anchovy (<i><span class=\"genus-species\">Engraulis mordax</span></i>) and Herring (<i><span class=\"genus-species\">Clupea pallasi</span></i>). Throughout chick-rearing, Rice Island terns foraged farther from their colony (median distance: 12.3 km during early chick-rearing and 16.9 km during late chick-rearing) than did East Sand Island terns (9.6 and 7.7 km, respectively). The study leads to the conclusion that Caspian Terns are generalist foragers and make use of the most proximate available forage fish resources when raising young.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0280:FEOCTI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lyons, D., Roby, D.D., and Collis, K., 2005, Foraging ecology of Caspian Terns in the Columbia River Estuary, USA: Waterbirds, v. 28, no. 3, p. 280-291, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0280:FEOCTI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"280","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.15649414062499,\n              45.9587876403564\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              45.9587876403564\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              46.581518465658014\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.15649414062499,\n              46.581518465658014\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.15649414062499,\n              45.9587876403564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12fbe4b0c8380cd5448e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, Donald E.","contributorId":20119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Donald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collis, Ken","contributorId":149991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collis","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17879,"text":"Real Time Research, Inc., 231 SW Scalehouse Loop, Suite 101, Bend, OR 97702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":415351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029114,"text":"70029114 - 2005 - The inverse problem of refraction travel times, part II: Quantifying refraction nonuniqueness using a three-layer model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029114","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The inverse problem of refraction travel times, part II: Quantifying refraction nonuniqueness using a three-layer model","docAbstract":"This paper is the second of a set of two papers in which we study the inverse refraction problem. The first paper, \"Types of Geophysical Nonuniqueness through Minimization,\" studies and classifies the types of nonuniqueness that exist when solving inverse problems depending on the participation of a priori information required to obtain reliable solutions of inverse geophysical problems. In view of the classification developed, in this paper we study the type of nonuniqueness associated with the inverse refraction problem. An approach for obtaining a realistic solution to the inverse refraction problem is offered in a third paper that is in preparation. The nonuniqueness of the inverse refraction problem is examined by using a simple three-layer model. Like many other inverse geophysical problems, the inverse refraction problem does not have a unique solution. Conventionally, nonuniqueness is considered to be a result of insufficient data and/or error in the data, for any fixed number of model parameters. This study illustrates that even for overdetermined and error free data, nonlinear inverse refraction problems exhibit exact-data nonuniqueness, which further complicates the problem of nonuniqueness. By evaluating the nonuniqueness of the inverse refraction problem, this paper targets the improvement of refraction inversion algorithms, and as a result, the achievement of more realistic solutions. The nonuniqueness of the inverse refraction problem is examined initially by using a simple three-layer model. The observations and conclusions of the three-layer model nonuniqueness study are used to evaluate the nonuniqueness of more complicated n-layer models and multi-parameter cell models such as in refraction tomography. For any fixed number of model parameters, the inverse refraction problem exhibits continuous ranges of exact-data nonuniqueness. Such an unfavorable type of nonuniqueness can be uniquely solved only by providing abundant a priori information. Insufficient a priori information during the inversion is the reason why refraction methods often may not produce desired results or even fail. This work also demonstrates that the application of the smoothing constraints, typical when solving ill-posed inverse problems, has a dual and contradictory role when applied to the ill-posed inverse problem of refraction travel times. This observation indicates that smoothing constraints may play such a two-fold role when applied to other inverse problems. Other factors that contribute to inverse-refraction-problem nonuniqueness are also considered, including indeterminacy, statistical data-error distribution, numerical error and instability, finite data, and model parameters. ?? Birkha??user Verlag, Basel, 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-004-2616-0","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Ivanov, J., Miller, R., Xia, J., and Steeples, D., 2005, The inverse problem of refraction travel times, part II: Quantifying refraction nonuniqueness using a three-layer model: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 162, no. 3, p. 461-477, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-004-2616-0.","startPage":"461","endPage":"477","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210494,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-004-2616-0"},{"id":237430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"162","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad5fe4b08c986b323b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steeples, D.","contributorId":30422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeples","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027987,"text":"70027987 - 2005 - Hydratools, a MATLAB® based data processing package for Sontek Hydra data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T11:14:38","indexId":"70027987","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydratools, a MATLAB® based data processing package for Sontek Hydra data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a set of MATLAB tools to process and convert data collected by Sontek Hydra instruments to netCDF, which is a format used by the USGS to process and archive oceanographic time-series data. The USGS makes high-resolution current measurements within 1.5 meters of the bottom. These data are used in combination with other instrument data from sediment transport studies to develop sediment transport models. Instrument manufacturers provide software which outputs unique binary data formats. Multiple data formats are cumbersome. The USGS solution is to translate data streams into a common data format: netCDF. The Hydratools toolbox is written to create netCDF format files following EPIC conventions, complete with embedded metadata. Data are accepted from both the ADV and the PCADP. The toolbox will detect and remove bad data, substitute other sources of heading and tilt measurements if necessary, apply ambiguity corrections, calculate statistics, return information about data quality, and organize metadata. Standardized processing and archiving makes these data more easily and routinely accessible locally and over the Internet. In addition, documentation of the techniques used in the toolbox provides a baseline reference for others utilizing the data.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology","conferenceTitle":"IEEE/OES Eight working Conference on Current Measurement Technology: Experimental, Practical and Operational Current and Wave Monitoring Systems and Applications","conferenceDate":"28 June 2005 through 29 June 2005","conferenceLocation":"Southhampton","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/CCM.2005.1506360","usgsCitation":"Martini, M., Lightsom, F.L., Sherwood, C.R., Xu, J., Lacy, J., Ramsey, A., and Horwitz, R., 2005, Hydratools, a MATLAB® based data processing package for Sontek Hydra data, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology, Southhampton, 28 June 2005 through 29 June 2005, p. 147-151, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCM.2005.1506360.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"151","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32cbe4b0c8380cd5eaa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martini, M.","contributorId":24909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lightsom, F. L.","contributorId":36610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsom","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, J.","contributorId":25324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lacy, J.R.","contributorId":68508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ramsey, A.","contributorId":58077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Horwitz, R.","contributorId":60008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horwitz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70027721,"text":"70027721 - 2005 - FTIR absorption indices for thermal maturity in comparison with vitrinite reflectance R0 in type-II kerogens from Devonian black shales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027721","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"FTIR absorption indices for thermal maturity in comparison with vitrinite reflectance R0 in type-II kerogens from Devonian black shales","docAbstract":"FTIR absorbance signals in kerogens and macerals were evaluated as indices for thermal maturity. Two sets of naturally matured type-II kerogens from the New Albany Shale (Illinois Basin) and the Exshaw Formation (Western Canada Sedimentary Basin) and kerogens from hydrous pyrolysis artificial maturation of the New Albany Shale were characterized by FTIR. Good correlation was observed between the aromatic/aliphatic absorption ratio and vitrinite reflectance R 0. FTIR parameters are especially valuable for determining the degree of maturity of marine source rocks lacking vitrinite. With increasing maturity, FTIR spectra express four trends: (i) an increase in the absorption of aromatic bands, (ii) a decrease in the absorption of aliphatic bands, (iii) a loss of oxygenated groups (carbonyl and carboxyl), and (iv) an initial decrease in the CH2/CH3 ratio that is not apparent at higher maturity in naturally matured samples, but is observed throughout increasing R0 in artificially matured samples. The difference in the CH2/CH 3 ratio in samples from natural and artificial maturation at higher maturity indicates that short-term artificial maturation at high temperatures is not fully equivalent to slow geologic maturation at lower temperatures. With increasing R0, the (carboxyl + carbonyl)/aromatic carbon ratio generally decreases, except that kerogens from the Exshaw Formation and from hydrous pyrolysis experiments express an intermittent slight increase at medium maturity. FTIR-derived aromaticities correlate well with R0, although some uncertainty is due to the dependence of FTIR parameters on the maceral composition of kerogen whereas R0 is solely dependent on vitrinite. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.07.001","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Lis, G., Mastalerz, M., Schimmelmann, A., Lewan, M.D., and Stankiewicz, B., 2005, FTIR absorption indices for thermal maturity in comparison with vitrinite reflectance R0 in type-II kerogens from Devonian black shales: Organic Geochemistry, v. 36, no. 11, p. 1533-1552, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.07.001.","startPage":"1533","endPage":"1552","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.07.001"}],"volume":"36","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e83e4b0c8380cd534c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lis, G.P.","contributorId":94851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stankiewicz, B.A.","contributorId":83676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stankiewicz","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027900,"text":"70027900 - 2005 - U-Pb SHRIMP geochronology of zircon in garnet peridotite from the Sulu UHP terrane, China: Implications for mantle metasomatism and subduction-zone UHP metamorphism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027900","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb SHRIMP geochronology of zircon in garnet peridotite from the Sulu UHP terrane, China: Implications for mantle metasomatism and subduction-zone UHP metamorphism","docAbstract":"We studied the Zhimafang ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHP) peridotite from pre-pilot drill hole PP-1 of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling project in the Sulu UHP terrane, eastern China. The peridotite occurs as lens within quartofeldspathic gneiss, and has an assemblage of Ol + Opx + Cpx + Phl + Ti-clinohumite (Ti-Chu) + Grt (or chromite) ?? magnesite (Mgs). Zircons were separated from cores at depths of 152 m (C24, garnet lhezolite), 160 m (C27, strongly retrograded phlogopite-rich peridotite) and 225 m (C50, banded peridotite), and were dated by SHRIMP mass spectrometer. Isometric zircons without inherited cores contain inclusions of olivine (Fo91-92), enstatite (En91-92), Ti-clinohumite, diopside, phlogopite and apatite. The enstatite inclusions have low Al2O3 contents of only 0.04-0.13 wt.%, indicating a UHP metamorphic origin. The weighted mean 206Pb/238U zircon age for garnet lherzolite (C24) is 221 ?? 3 Ma, and a discordia lower intercept age for peridotite (C50) is 220 ?? 2 Ma. These ages are within error and represent the time of subduction-zone UHP metamorphism. A younger lower intercept age of 212 ?? 3 Ma for a foliated wehrlite (C27) was probably caused by Pb loss during retrograde metamorphism. The source of zirconium may be partially attributed to melt/fluid metasomatism within the mantle wedge. Geochronological and geochemical data confirm that the mantle-derived Zhimafang garnet peridotites (probably the most representative type of Sulu garnet peridotites) were tectonically inserted into a subducting crustal slab and subjected to in situ Triassic subduction-zone UHP metamorphism. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2005.07.003","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Zhang, R.Y., Yang, J., Wooden, J.L., Liou, J.G., and Li, T., 2005, U-Pb SHRIMP geochronology of zircon in garnet peridotite from the Sulu UHP terrane, China: Implications for mantle metasomatism and subduction-zone UHP metamorphism: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 237, no. 3-4, p. 729-743, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.07.003.","startPage":"729","endPage":"743","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210990,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.07.003"},{"id":238113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"237","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9bfe4b08c986b327d9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, R. Y.","contributorId":56435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, J.S.","contributorId":60844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liou, J. G.","contributorId":87687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liou","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, T.F.","contributorId":53592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":81474,"text":"81474 - 2005 - Lake Michigan wetlands: classification, concerns, and management opportunities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"81474","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Lake Michigan wetlands: classification, concerns, and management opportunities","docAbstract":"The wetlands that border Lake Michigan are an extremely important component of the lake ecosystem.  In this paper, I will review the status of wetland classifications used for Lake Michigan and the other Great Lakes, as well as the major management concerns and opportunities presented by Lake Michigan wetlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"State of Lake Michigan: Ecology, Health, and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society","publisherLocation":"New Delhi","isbn":"817898458X","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, D.A., 2005, Lake Michigan wetlands: classification, concerns, and management opportunities, chap. <i>of</i> State of Lake Michigan: Ecology, Health, and Management, p. 421-437.","productDescription":"p. 421-437","startPage":"421","endPage":"437","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4822e4b07f02db4e1ff0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Edsall, T.","contributorId":8792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504157,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munawar, M.","contributorId":79835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munawar","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504158,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70029050,"text":"70029050 - 2005 - Scat removal: A source of bias in feces-related studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T16:41:18.206331","indexId":"70029050","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scat removal: A source of bias in feces-related studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Consumption of feces (coprophagy) may alter findings of dietary studies and population estimates based on fecal analyses, but its magnitude is poorly understood. We investigated seasonal incidence of scat removal on Fort Riley, Kansas, from January through December 2000. We placed feces from captive bobcats (</span><i>Lynx rufus</i><span>), captive coyotes (</span><i>Canis latrans</i><span>), and free-ranging coyotes randomly on tracking stations in forest and prairie landscapes to determine rates of scat removal by local wildlife. Rates of removal of feces from captive bobcats, captive coyotes, and free-ranging coyotes varied from 7% during spring to 50% during summer. We identified opossums (</span><i>Didelphis virginiana</i><span>) as the most common species present at stations where scat removal occurred. Feces may be an important seasonal source of food for opossums and may provide seasonal dietary supplements for other species. Other factors responsible for disturbance of feces included a woodrat (</span><i>Neotoma floridana</i><span>) caching coyote feces, removal of captive coyote feces by free-ranging coyotes accompanied by deposition of fresh feces, a bobcat burying a captive bobcat sample and depositing fresh feces, and rain storms. Dietary studies based on fecal analyses could be biased by scat removal, assuming that contents in feces are representative of the proportion of foods consumed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[172:SRASOB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Livingston, T.R., Gipson, P.S., Ballard, W.B., Sanchez, D.M., and Krausman, P.R., 2005, Scat removal: A source of bias in feces-related studies: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 1, p. 172-178, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[172:SRASOB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Fort Riley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.8115234375,\n              39.031986028740086\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.7291259765625,\n              39.04478604850143\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.668701171875,\n              39.14710270770074\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.6796875,\n              39.208847057702286\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.84173583984374,\n              39.317300373271024\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.96533203125,\n              39.308800296002914\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.954345703125,\n              39.21523130910491\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.91314697265625,\n              39.18969082109678\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.84997558593749,\n              39.07037913108751\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8115234375,\n              39.031986028740086\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b872ee4b08c986b31635f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, T. R.","contributorId":19357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Livingston","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gipson, Philip S.","contributorId":71495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gipson","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballard, Warren B.","contributorId":172887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanchez, D. M.","contributorId":53146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanchez","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krausman, Paul R.","contributorId":31467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krausman","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027816,"text":"70027816 - 2005 - Digital elevation model of King Edward VII Peninsula, West Antarctica, from SAR interferometry and ICESat laser altimetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:58:26","indexId":"70027816","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1940,"text":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital elevation model of King Edward VII Peninsula, West Antarctica, from SAR interferometry and ICESat laser altimetry","docAbstract":"<p>We present a digital elevation model (DEM) of King Edward VII Peninsula, Sulzberger Bay, West Antarctica, developed using 12 European Remote Sensing (ERS) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scenes and 24 Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimetry profiles. We employ differential interferograms from the ERS tandem mission SAR scenes acquired in the austral fall of 1996, and four selected ICESat laser altimetry profiles acquired in the austral fall of 2004, as ground control points (GCPs) to construct an improved geocentric 60-m resolution DEM over the grounded ice region. We then extend the DEM to include two ice shelves using ICESat profiles via Kriging. Twenty additional ICESat profiles acquired in 2003-2004 are used to assess the accuracy of the DEM. After accounting for radar penetration depth and predicted surface changes, including effects due to ice mass balance, solid Earth tides, and glacial isostatic adjustment, in part to account for the eight-year data acquisition discrepancy, the resulting difference between the DEM and ICESat profiles is -0.57 ?? 5.88 m. After removing the discrepancy between the DEM and ICESat profiles for a final combined DEM using a bicubic spline, the overall difference is 0.05 ?? 1.35 m. ?? 2005 IEEE.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/LGRS.2005.853623","issn":"1545598X","usgsCitation":"Baek, S., Kwoun, O., Braun, A., Lu, Z., and Shum, C., 2005, Digital elevation model of King Edward VII Peninsula, West Antarctica, from SAR interferometry and ICESat laser altimetry: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, v. 2, no. 4, p. 413-417, https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2005.853623.","startPage":"413","endPage":"417","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211149,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2005.853623"}],"otherGeospatial":"King Edward VII Peninsula, Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -209.53125,\n              -79.23718500609334\n            ],\n            [\n              -209.53125,\n              -66.65297740055277\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.61328125,\n              -66.65297740055277\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.61328125,\n              -79.23718500609334\n            ],\n            [\n              -209.53125,\n              -79.23718500609334\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a014ee4b0c8380cd4fb76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baek, S.","contributorId":39557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baek","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwoun, Oh-Ig","contributorId":41945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwoun","given":"Oh-Ig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braun, Andreas","contributorId":80877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shum, C. K.","contributorId":85373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shum","given":"C. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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