In this paper a numerical modeling formulation is presented for simulation of the development of the longitudinal profile and bed sediment distribution in sand-bed rivers. The objective of the model application, which is presented in the companion paper (Wright and Parker, 2005), is to study the development of two characteristics of large, low-slope, sand-bed rivers: (1) a downstream decrease in bed slope (i.e. concave upward longitudinal profile) and (2) a downstream decrease in characteristic bed sediment diameter (e.g. the median bed surface size D 50). Three mechanisms that lead to an upward concave profile and downstream fining are included in the modeling formulation: (1) a delta prograding into standing water at the downstream boundary, (2) sea-level rise, and (3) tectonic subsidence. In the companion paper (Wright and Parker, 2005) the model is applied to simulate the development of the longitudinal profile and downstream fining in sand-bed rivers flowing into the ocean during the past 5000 years of relatively slow sea-level rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00221680509500381","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., and Parker, G., 2005, Modeling downstream fining in sand-bed rivers. I: Formulation: Journal of Hydraulic Research, v. 43, no. 6, p. 613-620, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221680509500381.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"620","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bf0e4b0c8380cd6f8f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, S.","contributorId":54384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027936,"text":"70027936 - 2005 - A method for quantifying bioavailable organic carbon in aquifer sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027936","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A method for quantifying bioavailable organic carbon in aquifer sediments","docAbstract":"The fact that naturally occurring microorganisms can biodegrade PCE and TCE allows the use of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as a remediation strategy at chlorinated solvent-contaminated sites. Research at numerous chlorinated solvent sites indicates an active dechlorinating microbial population coupled with an ample supply of organic carbon are conditions needed to sustain reductive dechlorination. A series of extraction experiments was used to compare the ability of the different extractants to remove organic carbon from aquifer sediments. The different extractants included pyrophosphate, sodium hydroxide, and polished water. Pyrophosphate served as a mild extractant that minimally alters the organic structure of the extracted material. Three concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1%) of pyrophosphate extracted 18.8, 24.9, and 30.8% of sediment organic carbon, respectively. Under alkali conditions (0.5 N NaOH), which provided the harshest extractant, 30.7% of the sediment organic carbon was recovered. Amorphous organic carbon, measured by potassium persulfate oxidization, consisted of 44.6% of the sediment organic carbon and served as a baseline control for maximum carbon removal. Conversely, highly purified water provided a minimal extraction control and extracted 5.7% of the sediment organic carbon. The removal of organic carbon was quantified by aqueous TOC in the extract and residual sediment organic carbon content. Characterization of the organic carbon extracts by compositional analysis prior and after exposure to the mixed culture might indicate the type organic carbon and functional groups used and/or generated by the organisms. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 8th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium (Baltimore, MD 6/6-9/2005).","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 8th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium","conferenceTitle":"8th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium","conferenceDate":"6 June 2005 through 9 June 2005","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","isbn":"9781574771527","usgsCitation":"Rectanus, H., Widdowson, M., Novak, J., and Chapelle, F., 2005, A method for quantifying bioavailable organic carbon in aquifer sediments, in Proceedings of the 8th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, v. 3, Baltimore, MD, 6 June 2005 through 9 June 2005.","startPage":"1183","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e457e4b0c8380cd465c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rectanus, H.V.","contributorId":14189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rectanus","given":"H.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Widdowson, M.","contributorId":9821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Novak, J.","contributorId":99766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novak","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapelle, F.","contributorId":103048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027935,"text":"70027935 - 2005 - Headwater riparian invertebrate communities associated with red alder and conifer wood and leaf litter in southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027935","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Headwater riparian invertebrate communities associated with red alder and conifer wood and leaf litter in southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"We examined how management of young upland forests in southeastern Alaska affect riparian invertebrate taxa richness, density, and biomass, in turn, potentially influencing food abundance for fish and wildlife. Southeastern Alaska forests are dominated by coniferous trees including Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), with mixed stands of red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn.). Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) is hypothesized to influence the productivity of young-growth conifer forests and through forest management may provide increased riparian invertebrate abundance. To compare and contrast invertebrate densities between coniferous and alder riparian habitats, leaf litter and wood debris (early and late decay classes) samples were collected along eleven headwater streams on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, during the summers of 2000 and 2001. Members of Acarina and Collembola were the most abundant taxa collected in leaf litter with alder litter having significantly higher mean taxa richness than conifer litter. Members of Acarina were the most abundant group collected on wood debris and alder wood had significantly higher mean taxa richness and biomass than conifer wood. Alder wood debris in more advanced decay stages had the highest mean taxa richness and biomass, compared to other wood types, while conifer late decay wood debris had the highest densities of invertebrates. The inclusion of alder in young-growth conifer forests can benefit forest ecosystems by enhancing taxa richness and biomass of riparian forest invertebrates. ?? 2005 by the Northwest Scientific Association. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"LeSage, C., Merritt, R., and Wipfli, M., 2005, Headwater riparian invertebrate communities associated with red alder and conifer wood and leaf litter in southeastern Alaska: Northwest Science, v. 79, no. 4, p. 218-232.","startPage":"218","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fd4e4b0c8380cd5d10b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeSage, C.M.","contributorId":102267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeSage","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merritt, R.W.","contributorId":30588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wipfli, M.S.","contributorId":51963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027932,"text":"70027932 - 2005 - Juvenile frogs compensate for small metamorph size with terrestrial growth: Overcoming the effects of larval density and insecticide exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T14:40:18.737287","indexId":"70027932","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Juvenile frogs compensate for small metamorph size with terrestrial growth: Overcoming the effects of larval density and insecticide exposure","docAbstract":"I reared four species of anurans (Rana sphenocephala [Southern Leopard Frog], Rana blairi [Plains Leopard Frog], Rana clamitans [Green Frog], and Bufo woodhousii [Woodhouse's Toad]) for seven to 12 months in small, outdoor terrestrial enclosures (1 × 2 m) to examine the consequences of larval competition (via density) and contaminant exposure (via the insecticide carbaryl). I added six Rana clamitans, eight Rana sphenocephala, eight Rana blairi, and 10 Bufo woodhousii to terrestrial enclosures shortly after metamorphosis and recaptured them during the following spring. All anurans from low-density ponds were significantly larger than those from high-density ponds, but these size differences did not significantly affect survival to or size at spring emergence. However, R. sphenocephala, R. blairi, and R. clamitans that survived to spring had been larger at metamorphosis on average than those that did not survive; in contrast, B. woodhousii that survived the winter were smaller at metamorphosis on average than those that did not survive. Carbaryl exposure affected mass at metamorphosis of R. clamitans and B. woodhousii that were added to enclosures, but this difference disappeared or did not increase by spring emergence. Overall, exposure to carbaryl during the larval period did not have any apparent effects on survival or growth during the terrestrial phase. In my study, anurans were able to offset small size at metamorphosis with terrestrial growth, although there was a trend of reduced overwinter survival for ranid species that metamorphosed at a smaller size.
Water availability on the continents is important for human health, economic activity, ecosystem function and geophysical processes. Because the saturation vapour pressure of water in air is highly sensitive to temperature, perturbations in the global water cycle are expected to accompany climate warming. Regional patterns of warming-induced changes in surface hydroclimate are complex and less certain than those in temperature, however, with both regional increases and decreases expected in precipitation and runoff. Here we show that an ensemble of 12 climate models exhibits qualitative and statistically significant skill in simulating observed regional patterns of twentieth-century multidecadal changes in streamflow. These models project 10–40% increases in runoff in eastern equatorial Africa, the La Plata basin and high-latitude North America and Eurasia, and 10–30% decreases in runoff in southern Africa, southern Europe, the Middle East and mid-latitude western North America by the year 2050. Such changes in sustainable water availability would have considerable regional-scale consequences for economies as well as ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature04312","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., Dunne, K., and Vecchia, A.V., 2005, Global pattern of trends in streamflow and water availability in a changing climate: Nature, v. 438, no. 7066, p. 347-350, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04312.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"350","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04312"},{"id":238005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"438","issue":"7066","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2953e4b0c8380cd5a870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, K.A.","contributorId":18920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vecchia, A. V.","contributorId":23533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027930,"text":"70027930 - 2005 - Use of decision support systems as a drought management tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027930","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of decision support systems as a drought management tool","docAbstract":"Droughts present a unique challenge to water managers throughout the world and the current drought in the western United States is taxing facilities to the limit. Coping with this severe drought requires state of the art decision support systems including efficient and accurate hydrologic process models, detailed hydrologic data bases and effective river systems management modeling frameworks. This paper will outline a system of models developed by the Bureau of Reclamation, the US Geological Survey, the University of Colorado and a number of other governmental and university partners. The application of the technology to drought management in several key western river basins will be discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceTitle":"2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceDate":"19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA","language":"English","isbn":"0784407630","usgsCitation":"Frevert, D., and Lins, H., 2005, Use of decision support systems as a drought management tool, in Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges, Williamsburg, VA, 19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005, p. 451-458.","startPage":"451","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbee0e4b08c986b32982a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moglen G.E.","contributorId":128404,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Moglen G.E.","id":536630,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Frevert, D.","contributorId":24162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frevert","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lins, H.","contributorId":30431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027929,"text":"70027929 - 2005 - Raccoon removal reduces sea turtle nest depredation in the Ten Thousand Islands of Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027929","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Raccoon removal reduces sea turtle nest depredation in the Ten Thousand Islands of Florida","docAbstract":"Predation by raccoons, Procyon lotor marinus (L.), is the primary cause of sea turtle nest loss in the Ten Thousand Islands archipelago. Four islands within Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge were surveyed for sea turtle nesting activity from 1991-95. Raccoons depredated 76-100% of nests on Panther Key from 1991-94, until 14 raccoons were removed in 1995 resulting in 0% depredation and 2 more were removed in 1996 resulting in 0% depredation. Raccoon removal may be an effective management option for increasing sea turtle nest survival on barrier islands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0469:RRRSTN]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15287092","usgsCitation":"Garmestani, A., and Percival, H., 2005, Raccoon removal reduces sea turtle nest depredation in the Ten Thousand Islands of Florida: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 4, no. 3, p. 469-472, https://doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0469:RRRSTN]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"469","endPage":"472","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210898,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0469:RRRSTN]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9376e4b0c8380cd80e2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garmestani, A.S.","contributorId":86882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garmestani","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Percival, H.F.","contributorId":31716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72702,"text":"ofr20051195 - 2005 - Regional economic effects of current and proposed management alternatives for Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T12:59:14","indexId":"ofr20051195","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1195","title":"Regional economic effects of current and proposed management alternatives for Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"The National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 requires all units of the National Wildlife Refuge System to be managed under a Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP). The CCP must describe the desired future conditions of a Refuge and provide long range guidance and management direction to achieve Refuge purposes. Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), located 27 miles northeast of Aberdeen, South Dakota, is in the process of developing a range of management goals, objectives, and strategies for the CCP. The CCP for Sand Lake NWR must contain an analysis of expected effects associated with current and proposed Refuge management strategies.
\nSpecial interest groups and local residents often criticize a change in Refuge management, especially if there is a perceived negative impact to the local economy. Having objective data on income and employment impacts may show that these economic fears are drastically overstated. Quite often, residents do not realize the extent of economic benefits a Refuge provides to a local community; yet at the same time overestimate the impact of negative changes. Spending associated with Refuge recreational activities such as wildlife viewing and hunting can generate considerable tourism activity for the regional economy. Refuge personnel typically spend considerable amounts of money purchasing supplies in the local lumber and hardware stores, repairing equipment and purchasing fuel at the local service stations, as well as reside and spend their salaries in the community.
\nThe purpose of this study was to provide the economic analysis needed for the Sand Lake NWR CCP by evaluating the regional economic impacts associated with the Sand Lake NWR Draft CCP management strategies. For Refuge CCP planning, an economic impact analysis describes how current (No Action Alternative) and proposed management activities (alternatives) affect the local economy. This type of analysis provides two critical pieces of information: (1) it illustrates a refuge’s contribution to the local community; and (2) it can help in determining whether local economic effects are or are not a real concern in choosing among management alternatives.
\nSand Lake NWR is currently managed to improve and maintain habitat for nesting and resting waterfowl and other migratory birds, such as diving and puddle ducks, geese, grebes, herons, egrets, gulls, and terns. There are three alternatives evaluated in the draft CCP. Alternative 1, the No Action alternative, would continue Refuge management at current levels and would not involve extensive restoration of cropland, grassland, and wetland habitat or improvements to roads, interpretive, and administrative facilities. No new funding or staff levels would occur and programs would follow the same direction, emphasis, and intensity as they do at present. Alternative 2 would maximize the biological potential of the refuge for species of grassland-nesting birds. This would be accomplished through intense management of upland habitat for nesting migratory birds, minimal management for resident species, and minimization of public use that may interfere with migratory bird production. The third alternative takes an integrated approach, with management practices that would serve to maximize the biological potential of Sand Lake for migratory birds.
\nThis report first provides a description of the local community and economy near the Refuge. An analysis of current and proposed management strategies that could affect the local economy is then presented. The Refuge management activities of economic concern in this analysis are Refuge personnel staffing and Refuge spending within the local community, and spending in the local community by Refuge visitors.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051195","usgsCitation":"Koontz, L., and Lambert, H., 2005, Regional economic effects of current and proposed management alternatives for Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1195, iii, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051195.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051195.PNG"},{"id":320264,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":285903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambert, Heather","contributorId":23640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Heather","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027928,"text":"70027928 - 2005 - Outstanding issues for new geothermal resource assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027928","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Outstanding issues for new geothermal resource assessments","docAbstract":"A critical question for the future energy policy of the United States is the extent to which geothermal resources can contribute to an ever-increasing demand for electricity. Electric power production from geothermal sources exceeds that from wind and solar combined, yet the installed capacity falls far short of the geothermal resource base characterized in past assessments, even though the estimated size of the resource in six assessments completed in the past 35 years varies by thousands of Megawatts-electrical (MWe). The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) is working closely with the Department of Energy's (DOE) Geothermal Research Program and other geothermal organizations on a three-year effort to produce an updated assessment of available geothermal resources. The new assessment will introduce significant changes in the models for geothermal energy recovery factors, estimates of reservoir permeability, limits to temperatures and depths for electric power production, and include the potential impact of evolving Enhanced (or Engineered) Geothermal Systems (EGS) technology.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council 2005 Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"25 September 2005 through 28 September 2005","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","issn":"01935933","usgsCitation":"Williams, C., and Reed, M., 2005, Outstanding issues for new geothermal resource assessments, in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 29, Reno, NV, 25 September 2005 through 28 September 2005, p. 315-320.","startPage":"315","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a71c9e4b0c8380cd76768","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, C.F. 0000-0003-2196-5496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":20401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":415820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, M.J.","contributorId":35308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027927,"text":"70027927 - 2005 - Some geometric constraints on ring-width trend","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:27:30","indexId":"70027927","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3650,"text":"Tree-Ring Research","onlineIssn":"2162-4585","printIssn":"1536-1098","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some geometric constraints on ring-width trend","docAbstract":"Simulations of tree rings from trees of undisturbed forest sites are used to describe natural, long-term width trends. Ring-width trends of canopy-sized white oak are simulated from regressions of BAI(ring area) data of real trees. Examples are given of a tree from a typical re-growth forest in Illinois and of a more slowly growing tree from an old-growth forest in Kentucky. The long-term width trend was simulated as being toward constant ring width regardless of growth rate of the tree. Conditions by which either increasing or decreasing ring-width trends could be simulated from the same linear BAI trend are examined. I conclude that curvilinear width trends, either increasing or decreasing, represent width adjustments to changes in growth rate (BAI trend) after which the width trend stabilizes to a near-constant value. Interpretation of ring-width trends of trees from undisturbed stands may be useful in assessing stand disturbance history.
","language":"English","publisher":"Tree-Ring Society","doi":"10.3959/1536-1098-61.2.73","usgsCitation":"Phipps, R.L., 2005, Some geometric constraints on ring-width trend: Tree-Ring Research, v. 61, no. 2, p. 73-76, https://doi.org/10.3959/1536-1098-61.2.73.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"76","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477735,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262639","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92ade4b08c986b31a05a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phipps, Richard L.","contributorId":52122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phipps","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027925,"text":"70027925 - 2005 - Forms and accumulation of soil P in natural and recently restored peatlands - Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027925","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forms and accumulation of soil P in natural and recently restored peatlands - Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Forms, amounts, and accumulation of soil phosphorus (P) were measured in natural and recently restored marshes surrounding Upper Klamath Lake located in south-central Oregon, USA to determine rates of P accumulation in natural marshes and to assess changes in P pools caused by long-term drainage in recently restored marshes. Soil cores were collected from three natural marshes and radiometrically dated to determine recent (l37Cs-based) and long-term (210Pb-based) rates of peat accretion and P accumulation. A second set of soil cores collected from the three natural marshes and from three recently restored marshes was analyzed using a modification of the Hedley procedure to determine the forms and amounts of soil P. Total P in the recently restored marshes (222 to 311 ??g cm-3) was 2-3 times greater than in the natural marshes (103 to 117 ??g cm-3), primarily due to greater bulk density caused by soil subsidence, a consequence of long-term marsh drainage. Occluded Fe- and Al-bound Pi, calcium-bound Pi and residual P were 4 times, 22 times, and 5 times greater, respectively, in the recently restored marshes. More than 67% of the P pool in both the natural and recently restored marshes was present in recalcitrant forms (humic-acid P o and residual P) that provide long-term P storage in peat. Phosphorus accumulation in the natural marshes averaged 0.45 g m-2 yr-1 (137Cs) and 0.40 g m-2 yr-1 (210Pb), providing a benchmark for optimizing P sequestration in the recently restored marshes. Effective P sequestration in the recently restored marshes, however, will depend on re-establishing equilibrium between the P-enriched soils and the P concentration of floodwaters and a hydrologie regime similar to the natural marshes. ?? 2005, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0594:FAAOSP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Graham, S., Craft, C., McCormick, P., and Aldous, A., 2005, Forms and accumulation of soil P in natural and recently restored peatlands - Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA: Wetlands, v. 25, no. 3, p. 594-606, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0594:FAAOSP]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"594","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211258,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0594:FAAOSP]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a135be4b0c8380cd54626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, S.A.","contributorId":82494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craft, C.B.","contributorId":7077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craft","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, P.V.","contributorId":93272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aldous, A.","contributorId":105517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldous","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027924,"text":"70027924 - 2005 - Mountain plover population responses to black-tailed prairie dogs in Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027924","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mountain plover population responses to black-tailed prairie dogs in Montana","docAbstract":"We studied a local population of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) in southern Phillips County, Montana, USA, from 1995 to 2000 to estimate annual rates of recruitment rate (f) and population change (??). We used Pradel models, and we modeled ?? as a constant across years, as a linear time trend, as year-specific, and with an additive effect of area occupied by prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). We modeled recruitment rate (f) as a function of area occupied by prairie dogs with the remaining model structure identical to the best model used to estimate ??. Our results indicated a strong negative effect of area occupied by prairie dogs on both ?? (slope coefficient on a log scale was -0.11; 95% CI was -0.17, -0.05) and f (slope coefficient on a logit scale was -0.23; 95% CI was -0.36, -0.10). We also found good evidence for a negative time trend on ??; this model had substantial weight (wi = 0.31), and the slope coefficient on the linear trend on a log scale was -0.10 (95% CI was -0.15, -0.05). Yearly estimates of ?? were >1 in all years except 1999, indicating that the population initially increased and then stabilized in the last year of the study. We found weak evidence for year-specific estimates of ??; the best model with year-specific estimates had a low weight (wi = 0.02), although the pattern of yearly estimates of ?? closely matched those estimated with a linear time trend. In southern Phillips County, the population trend of mountain plovers closely matched the trend in the area occupied by black-tailed prairie dogs. Black-tailed prairie dogs declined sharply in the mid-1990s in response to an outbreak of sylvatic plague, but their numbers have steadily increased since 1996 in concert with increases in plovers. The results of this study (1) increase our understanding of the dynamics of this population and how they relate to the area occupied by prairie dogs, and (2) will be useful for planning plover conservation in a prairie dog ecosystem.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1546:MPPRTB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Dinsmore, S., White, G.C., and Knopf, F., 2005, Mountain plover population responses to black-tailed prairie dogs in Montana: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 4, p. 1546-1553, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1546:MPPRTB]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1546","endPage":"1553","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211237,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1546:MPPRTB]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5eb6e4b0c8380cd70c0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinsmore, S.J.","contributorId":85114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinsmore","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027923,"text":"70027923 - 2005 - Upper-crustal structure of the inner Continental Borderland near Long Beach, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027923","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper-crustal structure of the inner Continental Borderland near Long Beach, California","docAbstract":"A new P-wave velocity/structural model for the inner Continental Borderland (ICB) region was developed for the area near Long Beach, California. It combines controlled-source seismic reflection and refraction data collected during the 1994 Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), multichannel seismic reflection data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (1998-2000), and nearshore borehole stratigraphy. Based on lateral velocity contrasts and stratigraphic variation determined from borehole data, we are able to locate major faults such as the Cabrillo, Palos Verdes, THUMS-Huntington Beach, and Newport Inglewood fault zones, along with minor faults such as the slope fault, Avalon knoll, and several other yet unnamed faults. Catalog seismicity (1975-2002) plotted on our preferred velocity/structural model shows recent seismicity is located on 16 out of our 24 faults, providing evidence for continuing concern with respect to the existing seismic-hazard estimates. Forward modeling of P-wave arrival times on the LARSE line 1 resulted in a four-layer model that better resolves the stratigraphy and geologic structures of the ICB and also provides tighter constraints on the upper-crustal velocity structure than previous modeling of the LARSE data. There is a correlation between the structural horizons identified in the reflection data with the velocity interfaces determined from forward modeling of refraction data. The strongest correlation is between the base of velocity layer 1 of the refraction model and the base of the planar sediment beneath the shelf and slope determined by the reflection model. Layers 2 and 3 of the velocity model loosely correlate with the diffractive crust layer, locally interpreted as Catalina Schist.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120040051","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Baher, S., Fuis, G., Sliter, R., and Normark, W.R., 2005, Upper-crustal structure of the inner Continental Borderland near Long Beach, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 5, p. 1957-1969, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040051.","startPage":"1957","endPage":"1969","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211236,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040051"},{"id":238477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd62e4b08c986b328fcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baher, S.","contributorId":36710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baher","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuis, G. 0000-0002-3078-1544","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":41142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sliter, R.","contributorId":66311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027922,"text":"70027922 - 2005 - Statistical analysis of water-quality data containing multiple detection limits: S-language software for regression on order statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027922","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical analysis of water-quality data containing multiple detection limits: S-language software for regression on order statistics","docAbstract":"Trace contaminants in water, including metals and organics, often are measured at sufficiently low concentrations to be reported only as values below the instrument detection limit. Interpretation of these \"less thans\" is complicated when multiple detection limits occur. Statistical methods for multiply censored, or multiple-detection limit, datasets have been developed for medical and industrial statistics, and can be employed to estimate summary statistics or model the distributions of trace-level environmental data. We describe S-language-based software tools that perform robust linear regression on order statistics (ROS). The ROS method has been evaluated as one of the most reliable procedures for developing summary statistics of multiply censored data. It is applicable to any dataset that has 0 to 80% of its values censored. These tools are a part of a software library, or add-on package, for the R environment for statistical computing. This library can be used to generate ROS models and associated summary statistics, plot modeled distributions, and predict exceedance probabilities of water-quality standards. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2005.03.012","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Lee, L., and Helsel, D., 2005, Statistical analysis of water-quality data containing multiple detection limits: S-language software for regression on order statistics: Computers & Geosciences, v. 31, no. 10, p. 1241-1248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.03.012.","startPage":"1241","endPage":"1248","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211211,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.03.012"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9717e4b08c986b31b894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, L.","contributorId":77730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helsel, D.","contributorId":94492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027921,"text":"70027921 - 2005 - Geochemistry and jasper beds from the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: origin of proximal and distal siliceous exhalites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T10:02:55","indexId":"70027921","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and jasper beds from the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: origin of proximal and distal siliceous exhalites","docAbstract":"Stratiform beds of jasper (hematitic chert), composed essentially of SiO2 (69–95 wt %) and Fe2O3 (3–25 wt %), can be traced several kilometers along strike in the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway. These siliceous beds are closely associated with volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits and are interpreted as sea-floor gels that were deposited by fallout from hydrothermal plumes in silica-rich seawater, in which plume-derived Fe oxyhydroxide particles promoted flocculation and rapid settling of large (~200 μm) colloidal particles of silica-iron oxyhydroxide.
Concentrations of chalcophile elements in the jasper beds are at the parts per million level implying that sulfide particle fallout was insignificant and that the Si-Fe gel-forming plumes were mainly derived from intermediate- (100°–250°C) to high-temperature (>250°C) white smoker-type vents with high Fe/S ratios. The interpreted setting is similar to that of the Lau basin, where high-temperature (280°–334°C) white smoker venting alternates or overlaps with sulfide mound-forming black smoker venting. Ratios of Al, Sc, Th, Hf, and REE to iron are very low and show that the detrital input was <0.1 percent of the bulk jasper. Most jasper beds are enriched in U, V, P, and Mo relative to the North American Shale Composite, reflecting a predominantly seawater source, whereas REE distribution patterns (positive Eu and negative Ce anomalies) reflect variable mixing of hydrothermal solutions with oxic seawater at dilution ratios of ~102 to 104.
Trace element variations in the gel precursor to the jasper are thought to have been controlled by coprecipitation and/or adsorption by Fe oxyhydroxide particles that formed by the oxidation of hydrothermal Fe2+ within the variably seawater-diluted hydrothermal plume(s). Thick jasper layers near the Høydal VMS orebody show distinct positive As/Fe and Sb/Fe anomalies that are attributed to near-vent rapid settling of Si-Fe particles derived from As- and Sb-rich hydrothermal fluids prior to extensive mixing with seawater in the buoyant plume. Particles that formed later in the highly diluted nonbuoyant plume formed relatively As and Sb poor distal jasper. The large particle sizes and accordingly high settling rates of the particles, together with mass-balance calculations based on modern vent field data, suggest that individual meter-thick jasper beds formed within a plume lifetime of 200 years or less. The lack of thick jasper beds near the Løkken VMS orebody, which is larger than the Høydal orebody by more than two orders of magnitude, probably reflects a shift to anoxic conditions during Løkken mineralization. This environment limited oxidation of iron in the hydrothermal plume and formation of the ferric oxyhydroxides necessary for the flocculation of silica and sea-floor deposition of the gel precursor of the jasper beds.
Distal pyritic and iron-poor cherts are more common than jasper in ancient VMS-hosting sequences. The origin of these other types of siliceous exhalite is enigmatic but at least in some cases involved sulfidation, reduction to magnetite, or dissolution of the original ferric iron in precursor Si-rich gels, either by hydrothermal or diagenetic processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/100.8.1511","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Grenne, T., and Slack, J.F., 2005, Geochemistry and jasper beds from the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: origin of proximal and distal siliceous exhalites: Economic Geology, v. 100, no. 8, p. 1511-1527, https://doi.org/10.2113/100.8.1511.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1511","endPage":"1527","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211210,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/100.8.1511"}],"volume":"100","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16d6e4b0c8380cd5529e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grenne, Tor","contributorId":7460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grenne","given":"Tor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35509,"text":"Geological Survey of Norway","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":415801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027920,"text":"70027920 - 2005 - Post-precipitation bias in band-tailed pigeon surveys conducted at mineral sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:35:41","indexId":"70027920","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-precipitation bias in band-tailed pigeon surveys conducted at mineral sites","docAbstract":"Many animal surveys to estimate populations or index trends include protocol prohibiting counts during rain but fail to address effects of rainfall preceding the count. Prior research on Pacific Coast band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata monilis) documented declines in use of mineral sites during rainfall. We hypothesized that prior precipitation was associated with a short-term increase in use of mineral sites following rain. We conducted weekly counts of band-tailed pigeons at 19 Pacific Northwest mineral sites in 2001 and 20 sites in 2002. Results from regression analysis indicated higher counts ???2 days after rain (11.31??5.00% [x????SE]) compared to ???3 days. Individual index counts conducted ???2 days after rain were biased high, resulting in reduced ability to accurately estimate population trends. Models of band-tailed pigeon visitation rates throughout the summer showed increased mineral-site counts during both June and August migration periods, relative to the July breeding period. Our research supported previous studies recommending that mineral-site counts used to index the band-tailed pigeon population be conducted during July. We further recommend conducting counts >3 days after rain to avoid weather-related bias in index estimation. The design of other population sampling strategies that rely on annual counts should consider the influence of aberrant weather not only coincident with but also preceding surveys if weather patterns are thought to influence behavior or detection probability of target species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1047:PBIBPS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Overton, C., Schmitz, R., and Casazza, M.L., 2005, Post-precipitation bias in band-tailed pigeon surveys conducted at mineral sites: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 3, p. 1047-1054, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1047:PBIBPS]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1047","endPage":"1054","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1047:PBIBPS]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e6ce4b0c8380cd7a530","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Overton, C.T.","contributorId":36482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitz, R.A.","contributorId":101447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitz","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027916,"text":"70027916 - 2005 - Seismicity and tilt associated with the 2003 Anatahan eruption sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T08:42:49","indexId":"70027916","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity and tilt associated with the 2003 Anatahan eruption sequence","docAbstract":"On May 10, 2003, the first historical eruption of Anatahan volcano in the western Pacific Mariana Islands was fortuitously recorded by a broadband seismograph installed on the island only 4 days prior to the eruption. This station, located 7 km WNW of the active crater, together with another broadband seismograph on Sarigan Island 45 km to the north, continued to operate throughout the 2-month period of major eruptive activity in May and June and throughout the majority of the following year. In June 2003, the Saipan Emergency Management Office and the US Geological Survey installed two telemetered high-gain short-period seismic stations to monitor the activity in real-time. The only earthquakes detected in the 4-day period from the initial seismograph installation until 6 h prior to the eruption occurred approximately 20 km to the northeast of the island on May 8. The first volcano-tectonic (VT) event located near the volcano occurred at 01:53 GMT on May 10. The number of events per hour then increased dramatically and a period of about 80 discrete earthquakes per hour commenced at about 06:20 GMT, immediately prior to the estimated eruption time of 07:30 from the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center. A long-period tilt signal recorded on the horizontal components of the broadband seismograph, indicating upward movement of the crater region, also commenced at about 06:20. Inflation continued until 09:30, when the direction of tilt reversed. Deflation continued until 17:50, coinciding with a reduction in the number of VT events. The larger VT events were located with a linearized least-squares location algorithm. Magnitudes of located VT events on May 10 ranged from 2.0 to 3.2, but a period of larger VT events were recorded on May 11, with the largest M 4.2. After about 36 h of intense earthquake activity, the number of discrete VT events declined and was replaced by nearly continuous volcanic tremor for the next 6 weeks. Differing types of very long-period events may suggest complex non-destructive magmatic source mechanisms, persisting dominantly throughout the first 10 days of the initial eruption. Visual reports indicate that a small craggy dome extruded sometime between May 20 and June 5. From analogy with other volcanic dome extrusions, we believe the dome probably extruded just as the tremor amplitude decreased dramatically about May 24. This dome was then destroyed between June 13 and 14. Reduced displacement of the co-eruption tremor is estimated as approximately 40-80 cm2, suggesting an eruption with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of about 3. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.008","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Pozgay, S., White, R., Wiens, D., Shore, P., Sauter, A., and Kaipat, J., 2005, Seismicity and tilt associated with the 2003 Anatahan eruption sequence: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 146, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 60-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.008.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.008","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Northern Mariana Islands","otherGeospatial":"Anatahan volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 145.6182861328125,\n 16.32672912425378\n ],\n [\n 145.74188232421875,\n 16.32672912425378\n ],\n [\n 145.74188232421875,\n 16.36889775921193\n ],\n [\n 145.6182861328125,\n 16.36889775921193\n ],\n [\n 145.6182861328125,\n 16.32672912425378\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"146","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b91e4b08c986b317926","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pozgay, S.H.","contributorId":103466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pozgay","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, R.A.","contributorId":21953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiens, D.A.","contributorId":94802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shore, P.J.","contributorId":60845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shore","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sauter, A.W.","contributorId":30433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauter","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kaipat, J.L.","contributorId":68960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaipat","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027914,"text":"70027914 - 2005 - Large-scale 3D subsurface conductivity imaging using full-wave forward modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027914","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Large-scale 3D subsurface conductivity imaging using full-wave forward modeling","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest)","conferenceTitle":"2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI Meeting","conferenceDate":"3 July 2005 through 8 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/APS.2005.1551521","issn":"15223965","isbn":"0780388836; 9780780388833","usgsCitation":"Wang, G., Chew, W., Cui, T., Wright, D., and Smith, D., 2005, Large-scale 3D subsurface conductivity imaging using full-wave forward modeling, in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest), v. 1 B, Washington, DC, 3 July 2005 through 8 July 2005, p. 202-205, https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2005.1551521.","startPage":"202","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211127,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/APS.2005.1551521"}],"volume":"1 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4490e4b0c8380cd66bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, G.L.","contributorId":96458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chew, W.C.","contributorId":19730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cui, T.J.","contributorId":72552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cui","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, D.V.","contributorId":31143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027911,"text":"70027911 - 2005 - Catchment disturbance and stream metabolism: Patterns in ecosystem respiration and gross primary production along a gradient of upland soil and vegetation disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027911","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Catchment disturbance and stream metabolism: Patterns in ecosystem respiration and gross primary production along a gradient of upland soil and vegetation disturbance","docAbstract":"Catchment characteristics determine the inputs of sediments and nutrients to streams. As a result, natural or anthropogenic disturbance of upland soil and vegetation can affect instream processes. The Fort Benning Military Installation (near Columbus, Georgia) exhibits a wide range of upland disturbance levels because of spatial variability in the intensity of military training. This gradient of disturbance was used to investigate the effect of upland soil and vegetation disturbance on rates of stream metabolism (ecosystem respiration rate [ER] and gross primary production rate [GPP]). Stream metabolism was measured using an open-system, single-station approach. All streams were net heterotrophic during all seasons. ER was highest in winter and spring and lowest in summer and autumn. ER was negatively correlated with catchment disturbance level in winter, spring, and summer, but not in autumn. ER was positively correlated with abundance of coarse woody debris, but not significantly related to % benthic organic matter. GPP was low in all streams and generally not significantly correlated with disturbance level. Our results suggest that the generally intact riparian zones of these streams were not sufficient to protect them from the effect of upland disturbance, and they emphasize the role of the entire catchment in determining stream structure and function. ?? 2005 by The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/0887-3593(2005)024\\[0538:CDASMP\\]2.0.CO;2","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Houser, J., Mulholland, P.J., and Maloney, K., 2005, Catchment disturbance and stream metabolism: Patterns in ecosystem respiration and gross primary production along a gradient of upland soil and vegetation disturbance: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 24, no. 3, p. 538-552, https://doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2005)024\\[0538:CDASMP\\]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"538","endPage":"552","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211105,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2005)024\\[0538:CDASMP\\]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3cde4b0c8380cd4b984","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houser, J.N.","contributorId":91603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulholland, P. J.","contributorId":89081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maloney, K.O. 0000-0003-2304-0745","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":105414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"K.O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":415763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027908,"text":"70027908 - 2005 - American Fisheries Society 136th Annual Meeting Lake Placid, NY 10-14 September, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027908","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"American Fisheries Society 136th Annual Meeting Lake Placid, NY 10-14 September, 2006","docAbstract":"The New York Chapter of the American Fisheries Society and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation invite you to experience the beauty of New York's famous Adirondack Park as the American Fisheries Society (AFS) convenes its 136th Annual Meeting in the legendary Olympic Village of Lake Placid, NY, 10-14 September 2006. Our meeting theme \"Fish in the Balance\" will explore the interrelation between fish, aquatic habitats, and man, highlighting the challenges facing aquatic resource professionals and the methods that have been employed to resolve conflicts between those that use or have an interest in our aquatic resources. As fragile as it is beautiful, the Adirondack Region is the perfect location to explore this theme. Bordered by Mirror Lake and its namesake, Lake Placid, the Village of Lake Placid has small town charm, but all of the conveniences that a big city would provide. Whether its reliving the magic of the 1980 hockey team's \"Miracle on Ice\" at the Lake Placid Olympic Center, getting a panoramic view of the Adirondack high peaks from the top of the 90 meter ski jumps, fishing or kayaking in adjacent Mirror Lake, hiking a mountain trail, or enjoying a quiet dinner or shopping excursion in the various shops and restaurants that line Main Street, Lake Placid has something for everyone.","largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","language":"English","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Einhouse, D., Walsh, M.G., Keeler, S., and Long, J., 2005, American Fisheries Society 136th Annual Meeting Lake Placid, NY 10-14 September, 2006, in Fisheries, v. 30, no. 9, p. 30-31.","startPage":"30","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9b0e4b0c8380cd483b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Einhouse, D.","contributorId":61125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Einhouse","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, M. G.","contributorId":72172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeler, S.","contributorId":99364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeler","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Long, J.M.","contributorId":88944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027907,"text":"70027907 - 2005 - Ichthyophonus in Puget Sound rockfish from the San Juan Islands archipelago and Puget Sound, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-05T15:24:49","indexId":"70027907","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ichthyophonus in Puget Sound rockfish from the San Juan Islands archipelago and Puget Sound, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"In vitro explant cultures identified Ichthyophonus in 10.9% of 302 Puget Sound rockfish Sebastes emphaeus sampled from five sites in the San Juan Islands archipelago and Puget Sound, Washington, in 2003. None of the infected fish exhibited visible lesions and only a single fish was histologically positive. Significantly more females were infected (12.4%) than males (6.8%), and while infected males were only detected at two of the five sites, infected females were identified at all sites, with no significant differences in infection prevalence. Genomic sequences of Ichthyophonus isolates obtained from Puget Sound rockfish, Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, and Yukon River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were identical in both the A and B regions of the small subunit 18S ribosomal DNA but were different from Ichthyophonus sequences previously isolated from four different species of rockfish from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Ichthyophonus in Puget Sound rockfish may not have been previously detected because the infection is subclinical in this species and earlier investigators did not utilize in vitro techniques for diagnosis of ichthyophoniasis. However, since clinical ichthyophoniasis has recently been identified in several other species of northeast Pacific rockfishes, it is hypothesized that this either is an emerging disease resulting from changing marine conditions or the result of introduction by infected southern species that appear during periodic El Nin??o events. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/H04-041.1","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Halos, D., Hart, S., Hershberger, P., and Kocan, R., 2005, Ichthyophonus in Puget Sound rockfish from the San Juan Islands archipelago and Puget Sound, Washington, USA: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 17, no. 3, p. 222-227, https://doi.org/10.1577/H04-041.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"227","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211059,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/H04-041.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washiginton","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.97409057617188,\n 48.600225060468915\n ],\n [\n -122.89443969726564,\n 48.58387536252086\n ],\n [\n -122.95761108398439,\n 48.53661318127798\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 48.539341045937974\n ],\n [\n -123.04000854492188,\n 48.570700924954586\n ],\n [\n -123.02146911621094,\n 48.58660067957586\n ],\n [\n -122.98027038574219,\n 48.5979545854516\n ],\n [\n -122.97409057617188,\n 48.600225060468915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.09768676757814,\n 48.49567757122468\n ],\n [\n -123.12103271484375,\n 48.47701815977784\n ],\n [\n -123.0853271484375,\n 48.4633605822591\n ],\n [\n -123.06747436523438,\n 48.48612116934906\n ],\n [\n -123.08738708496094,\n 48.493402400802104\n ],\n [\n -123.09768676757814,\n 48.49567757122468\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3801e4b0c8380cd61371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halos, D.","contributorId":19767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halos","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, S.A.","contributorId":18569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hershberger, P.","contributorId":64826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kocan, R.","contributorId":95665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027906,"text":"70027906 - 2005 - Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027906","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and implications","docAbstract":"Kelps and other fleshy macroalgae - dominant reef-inhabiting organisms in cool - seasmay have radiated extensively following late Cenozoic polar cooling, thus triggering a chain of evolutionary change in the trophic ecology of nearshore temperate ecosystems. We explore this hypothesis through an analysis of body size in the abalones (Gastropoda; Haliotidae), a widely distributed group in modern oceans that displays a broad range of body sizes and contains fossil representatives from the late Cretaceous (60-75 Ma). Geographic analysis of maximum shell length in living abalones showed that small-bodied species, while most common in the Tropics, have a cosmopolitan distribution, whereas large-bodied species occur exclusively in cold-water ecosystems dominated by kelps and other macroalgae. The phylogeography of body size evolution in extant abalones was assessed by constructing a molecular phylogeny in a mix of large and small species obtained from different regions of the world. This analysis demonstrates that small body size is the plesiomorphic state and largeness has likely arisen at least twice. Finally, we compiled data on shell length from the fossil record to determine how (slowly or suddenly) and when large body size arose in the abalones. These data indicate that large body size appears suddenly at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Our findings support the view that fleshy-algal dominated ecosystems radiated rapidly in the coastal oceans with the onset of the most recent glacial age. We conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of this change. ?? 2005 The Paleontological Society. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0591:EOLBSI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00948373","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., Lindberg, D.R., and Wray, C., 2005, Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and implications: Paleobiology, v. 31, no. 4, p. 591-606, https://doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0591:EOLBSI]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"591","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211058,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0591:EOLBSI]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d82e4b0c8380cd53070","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, D. R.","contributorId":64181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wray, C.","contributorId":9061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027905,"text":"70027905 - 2005 - Impact of geochemical stressors on shallow groundwater quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027905","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of geochemical stressors on shallow groundwater quality","docAbstract":"Groundwater monitoring wells (about 70 wells) were extensively installed in 28 sites surrounding Lake Texoma, located on the border of Oklahoma and Texas, to assess the impact of geochemical stressors to shallow groundwater quality. The monitoring wells were classified into three groups (residential area, agricultural area, and oil field area) depending on their land uses. During a 2-year period from 1999 to 2001 the monitoring wells were sampled every 3 months on a seasonal basis. Water quality assay consisted of 25 parameters including field parameters, nutrients, major ions, and trace elements. Occurrence and level of inorganics in groundwater samples were related to the land use and temporal change. Groundwater of the agricultural area showed lower levels of ferrous iron and nitrate than the residential area. The summer season data revealed more distinct differences in inorganic profiles of the two land use groundwater samples. There is a possible trend that nitrate concentrations in groundwater increased as the proportions of cultivated area increased. Water-soluble ferrous iron occurred primarily in water samples with a low dissolved oxygen concentration and/or a negative redox potential. The presence of brine waste in shallow groundwater was detected by chloride and conductivity in oil field area. Dissolved trace metals and volatile organic carbons were not in a form of concentration to be stressors. This study showed that the quality of shallow ground water could be related to regional geochemical stressors surrounding the lake. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.072","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"An, Y., Kampbell, D., Jeong, S., Jewell, K., and Masoner, J., 2005, Impact of geochemical stressors on shallow groundwater quality: Science of the Total Environment, v. 348, no. 1-3, p. 257-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.072.","startPage":"257","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211034,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.072"},{"id":238183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"348","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38bde4b0c8380cd6168d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"An, Y.-J.","contributorId":31184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"An","given":"Y.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kampbell, D.H.","contributorId":58823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kampbell","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeong, S.-W.","contributorId":58833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeong","given":"S.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jewell, K.P.","contributorId":65648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewell","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Masoner, J.R.","contributorId":15690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027899,"text":"70027899 - 2005 - Differential parental care by adult Mountain Plovers, Charadrius montanus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-10T20:49:46.956386","indexId":"70027899","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Differential parental care by adult Mountain Plovers, Charadrius montanus","title":"Differential parental care by adult Mountain Plovers, Charadrius montanus","docAbstract":"We studied chick survival of the Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) in Montana and found that chicks tended by females had higher survival rates than chicks tended by males, and that chick survival generally increased during the nesting season. Differences in chick survival were most pronounced early in the nesting season, and may be related to a larger sample of nests during this period. When compared to information about the nest survival of male- and female-tended plover nests, our chick data suggest a trade-off for adult plovers between the egg and chick phases of reproduction. Because Mountain Plover pairs have clutches at two nests at two different locations and show differential success between the sexes during the egg and chick phases, we offer that the Mountain Plover breeding system favours optimizing annual recruitment in a dynamic ecologic setting driven by annually unpredictable drought, grazing, and predation pressures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v119i4.183","usgsCitation":"Dinsmore, S., and Knopf, F., 2005, Differential parental care by adult Mountain Plovers, Charadrius montanus: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 119, no. 4, p. 532-536, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v119i4.183.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"532","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477785,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v119i4.183","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00fce4b0c8380cd4fa22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinsmore, Stephen J.","contributorId":61718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinsmore","given":"Stephen J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":30549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":415718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027898,"text":"70027898 - 2005 - Effect of ferric oxyhydroxide grain coatings on the transport of bacteriophage PRD1 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in saturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T07:55:39","indexId":"70027898","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of ferric oxyhydroxide grain coatings on the transport of bacteriophage PRD1 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in saturated porous media","docAbstract":"To test the effect of geochemical heterogeneity on microorganism transport in saturated porous media, we measured the removal of two microorganisms, the bacteriophage PRD1 and oocysts of the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, in flow-through columns of quartz sand coated by different amounts of a ferric oxyhydroxide. The experiments were conducted over ranges of ferric oxyhydroxide coating fraction of λ = 0−0.12 for PRD1 and from λ = 0−0.32 for the oocysts at pH 5.6−5.8 and 10-4 M ionic strength. To determine the effect of pH on the transport of the oocysts, experiments were also conducted over a pH range of 5.7−10.0 at a coating fraction of λ = 0.04. Collision (attachment) efficiencies increased as the fraction of ferric oxyhydroxide coated quartz sand increased, from α = 0.0071 to 0.13 over λ = 0−0.12 for PRD1 and from α = 0.059 to 0.75 over λ = 0−0.32 for the oocysts. Increasing the pH from 5.7 to 10.0 resulted in a decrease in the oocyst collision efficiency as the pH exceeded the expected point of zero charge of the ferric oxyhydroxide coatings. The collision efficiencies correlated very well with the fraction of quartz sand coated by the ferric oxyhydroxide for PRD1 but not as well for the oocysts.