Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter, sage-grouse) and free-roaming horses (Equus caballus) co-occur within large portions of sagebrush ecosystems within the Great Basin of western North America. In recent decades, sage-grouse populations have declined substantially while concomitant free-roaming horse populations have increased drastically. Although multiple studies have reported free-roaming horses adversely impacting native ungulate species, direct interactions between free-roaming horses and sage-grouse have not been documented previously. We compiled sage-grouse lek count data and associated ungulate observations during spring of 2010 and 2013–2018. We used Bayesian multinomial logistic models to examine the response of breeding male sage-grouse to the presence of native (i.e. mule deer, pronghorn) and non-native (i.e. cattle, free-roaming horses) ungulates on active sage-grouse leks (traditional breeding grounds). We found sage-grouse were approximately five times more likely to be present on active leks concurrent with native ungulates compared to non-native ungulates. Of the four different ungulate species, sage-grouse were least likely to be at active leks when free-roaming horses were present. Our results indicate that free-roaming horse presence at lek sites negatively influences sage-grouse lekking activity. Because sage-grouse population growth is sensitive to breeding success, disruption of leks by free-roaming horses could reduce breeding opportunities and limit breeding areas within sage-grouse habitat.
The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has the potential to influence the distribution and abundance of grasslands in many agricultural landscapes, and thereby provide habitat for grassland-dependent wildlife. Greater prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) are a grassland-dependent species with large area requirements and have been used as an indicator of grassland ecosystem function; they are also a species of conservation concern across much of their range. Greater prairie-chicken populations respond to the amount and configuration of grasslands and wetlands in agriculturally dominated landscapes, which in turn can be influenced by the CRP; however, CRP enrollments and enrollment caps have declined from previous highs. Therefore, prioritizing CRP reenrollments and new enrollments to achieve the greatest benefit for grassland-dependent wildlife seems prudent. We used models relating either lek density or the number of males at leks to CRP enrollments and the resulting landscape structure to predict changes in greater prairie-chicken abundance related to changes in CRP enrollments. We simulated 3 land-cover scenarios: expiration of existing CRP enrollments, random, small-parcel (4,040 m2) addition of CRP grasslands, and strategic, large-parcel (80,000 m2) addition of CRP grasslands. Large-parcel additions were the average enrollment size in northwestern Minnesota, USA, within the context of a regional prairie restoration plan. In our simulations of CRP enrollment expirations, the abundance of greater prairie-chickens declined when grassland landscape contiguity declined with loss of CRP enrollments. Simulations of strategic CRP enrollment with large parcels to increase grassland contiguity more often increased greater prairie-chicken abundance than random additions of the same area in small parcels that did not increase grassland contiguity. In some cases, CRP enrollments had no or a negative predicted change in greater prairie-chicken abundance because they provided insufficient grassland contiguity on the landscape, or increased cover-type fragmentation. Predicted greater prairie-chicken abundance increased under large-parcel and small-parcel scenarios of addition of CRP grassland; the greatest increases were associated with large-parcel additions. We suggest that strategic application of the CRP to improve grassland contiguity can benefit greater prairie-chicken populations more than an opportunistic approach lacking consideration of the larger landscape context. Strategic implementation of the CRP can benefit greater prairie-chicken populations in northwestern Minnesota, and likely elsewhere in landscapes where grassland continuity may be a limiting factor.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21960","usgsCitation":"Adkins, K., Roy, C.L., Wright, R.G., and Andersen, D.E., 2021, Simulating strategic implementation of the CRP to increase Greater prairie-chicken abundance: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 85, no. 1, p. 27-40, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21960.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-114569","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.05322265625,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -94.81201171875,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -94.81201171875,\n 48.472921272487824\n ],\n [\n -97.05322265625,\n 48.472921272487824\n ],\n [\n -97.05322265625,\n 45.98169518512228\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adkins, Kalysta","contributorId":274612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adkins","given":"Kalysta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, Charlotte L.","contributorId":274613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"Charlotte","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Robert G.","contributorId":274614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":199408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David","email":"dea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70230082,"text":"70230082 - 2021 - Volcano geodesy: A critical tool for assessing the state of volcanoes and their potential for hazardous eruptive activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T14:33:49.793563","indexId":"70230082","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-02T09:27:40","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Volcano geodesy: A critical tool for assessing the state of volcanoes and their potential for hazardous eruptive activity","docAbstract":"Since the beginning of the 20th century, volcano geodesy has evolved from time- and personnel-intensive methods for collecting discrete measurements to automated and/or remote tools that provide data with exceptional spatiotemporal resolution. By acknowledging and overcoming limitations related to data collection and interpretation, geodesy becomes a powerful tool for forecasting the onset and tracking the evolution of volcanic eruptions. In addition, geodetic data can be used for novel applications, such as mapping surface and topographic change due to the emplacement of volcanic deposits, detecting volcanic plumes, and constraining the properties of magmatic systems. These collective capabilities provide critical support for understanding magmatic processes at erupting volcanoes, while also offering important baseline data in advance of potential volcanic unrest. Future developments in volcano geodesy will involve not just new technology, but also advanced modeling and automated analysis methods that will provide a new understanding of the volcanic activity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forecasting and planning for volcanic hazards, risks, and disasters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-818082-2.00003-2","usgsCitation":"Poland, M., and de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, E., 2021, Volcano geodesy: A critical tool for assessing the state of volcanoes and their potential for hazardous eruptive activity, chap. 3 of Forecasting and planning for volcanic hazards, risks, and disasters, p. 75-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818082-2.00003-2.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"115","ipdsId":"IP-108637","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael 0000-0001-5240-6123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":49920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, Elske 0000-0003-2527-4932","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2527-4932","contributorId":217967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen","given":"Elske","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39727,"text":"KNMI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70219446,"text":"70219446 - 2021 - Harnessing landscape genomics to identify future climate resilient genotypes in a desert annual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-07T11:43:48.856539","indexId":"70219446","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-02T06:38:15","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Harnessing landscape genomics to identify future climate resilient genotypes in a desert annual","docAbstract":"Local adaptation features critically in shaping species responses to changing environments, complicating efforts to revegetate degraded areas. Rapid climate change poses an additional challenge that could reduce fitness of even locally sourced seeds in restoration. Predictive restoration strategies that apply seeds with favourable adaptations to future climate may promote long‐term resilience. Landscape genomics is increasingly used to assess spatial patterns in local adaption and may represent a cost‐efficient approach for identifying future‐adapted genotypes. To demonstrate such an approach, we genotyped 760 plants from 64 Mojave Desert populations of the desert annual Plantago ovata. Genome scans on 5,960 SNPs identified 184 potentially adaptive loci related to climate and satellite vegetation metrics. Causal modelling indicated that variation in potentially adaptive loci was not confounded by isolation by distance or isolation by habitat resistance. A generalized dissimilarity model (GDM) attributed spatial turnover in potentially adaptive loci to temperature, precipitation and NDVI amplitude, a measure of vegetation green‐up potential. By integrating a species distribution model (SDM), we find evidence that summer maximum temperature may both constrain the range of P. ovata and drive adaptive divergence in populations exposed to higher temperatures. Within the species’ current range, warm‐adapted genotypes are predicted to experience a fivefold expansion in climate niche by midcentury and could harbour key adaptations to cope with future climate. We recommend eight seed transfer zones and project each zone into its relative position in future climate. Prioritizing seed collection efforts on genotypes with expanding future habitat represents a promising strategy for restoration practitioners to address rapidly changing climates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mec.15672","usgsCitation":"Shryock, D., Washburn, L.K., DeFalco, L., and Esque, T., 2021, Harnessing landscape genomics to identify future climate resilient genotypes in a desert annual: Molecular Ecology, v. 30, no. 3, p. 698-717, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15672.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"698","endPage":"717","ipdsId":"IP-112517","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92XN5OW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genetic and Habitat Data for Plantago ovata in the Mojave Desert"},{"id":384894,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.30126953125,\n 36.27970720524017\n ],\n [\n -116.90551757812499,\n 35.191766965947394\n ],\n [\n -116.46606445312499,\n 34.352506668675936\n ],\n [\n -114.9609375,\n 34.05265942137599\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -113.543701171875,\n 35.505400093441324\n ],\n [\n -116.30126953125,\n 36.27970720524017\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shryock, Daniel F. 0000-0003-0330-9815 dshryock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0330-9815","contributorId":208659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shryock","given":"Daniel F.","email":"dshryock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Washburn, Loraine K","contributorId":256960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Washburn","given":"Loraine","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":51917,"text":"Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeFalco, Lesley A. 0000-0002-7542-9261","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-9261","contributorId":208658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"Lesley A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esque, Todd 0000-0002-4166-6234 tesque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":195896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220860,"text":"70220860 - 2021 - Evaluating the effects of downscaled climate projections on groundwater storage and simulated base-flow contribution to the North Fork Red River and Lake Altus, southwest Oklahoma (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T11:59:40.427832","indexId":"70220860","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-01T07:25:15","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the effects of downscaled climate projections on groundwater storage and simulated base-flow contribution to the North Fork Red River and Lake Altus, southwest Oklahoma (USA)","docAbstract":"Potential effects of projected climate variability on base flow and groundwater storage in the North Fork Red River aquifer, Oklahoma (USA), were estimated using downscaled climate model data coupled with a numerical groundwater-flow model. The North Fork Red River aquifer discharges groundwater to the North Fork Red River, which provides inflow to Lake Altus. To approximate future conditions, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 climate data were downscaled to the watershed and a time-series of scaling factors were developed and interpolated for three climate scenarios (central tendency, warmer and drier, and less warm and wetter) representing future climate conditions for the period 2045–2074. These scaling factors were then applied to a soil-water-balance model to produce groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration estimates. A MODFLOW groundwater-flow model of the North Fork Red River aquifer used the scaled recharge and evapotranspiration data to estimate changes in base flow and water-surface elevation of Lake Altus. Compared to a baseline scenario, the mean percent change in annual base flow during 2045–2074 was −10.8 and −15.9% for the central tendency and warmer/drier scenarios, respectively; the mean percent change in annual base flow for the less-warm/wetter scenario was +15.7%. The mean annual percent change in groundwater storage for the central tendency, warmer/drier, and less-warm/wetter climate scenarios and the baseline are −2.7, −3.2, and +3.0%, respectively. The range of outcomes from the climate scenarios may be influenced by variability in the downscaled climate data for precipitation more than for temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-020-02230-x","usgsCitation":"Labriola, L., Ellis, J., Gangopadhyay, S., Pruitt, T., Kirstetter, P., and Hong, Y., 2021, Evaluating the effects of downscaled climate projections on groundwater storage and simulated base-flow contribution to the North Fork Red River and Lake Altus, southwest Oklahoma (USA): Hydrogeology Journal, v. 28, no. 8, p. 2903-2916, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02230-x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2903","endPage":"2916","ipdsId":"IP-111529","costCenters":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91DWW91","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model used in simulations of selected climate scenarios of groundwater availability in the North Fork Red River aquifer, southwestern Oklahoma"},{"id":385978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -94.37255859375,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -94.37255859375,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 33.706062655101206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Labriola, L.G. 0000-0002-5096-2940","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5096-2940","contributorId":216625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labriola","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, J.H. 0000-0001-7161-3136 jellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7161-3136","contributorId":196287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"J.H.","email":"jellis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu 0000-0003-3864-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3864-8251","contributorId":173439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gangopadhyay","given":"Subhrendu","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pruitt, Tom","contributorId":257612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pruitt","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirstetter, Pierre","contributorId":258774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirstetter","given":"Pierre","affiliations":[{"id":52282,"text":"School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hong, Yang","contributorId":258775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hong","given":"Yang","affiliations":[{"id":52282,"text":"School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70217576,"text":"70217576 - 2021 - Direct and indirect effects of a keystone engineer on a shrubland-prairie food web","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T12:42:33.008","indexId":"70217576","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-01T07:11:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct and indirect effects of a keystone engineer on a shrubland-prairie food web","docAbstract":"Keystone engineers are critical drivers of biodiversity throughout ecosystems worldwide. Within the North American Great Plains, the black‐tailed prairie dog is an imperiled ecosystem engineer and keystone species with well‐documented impacts on the flora and fauna of rangeland systems. However, because this species affects ecosystem structure and function in myriad ways (i.e., as a consumer, a prey resource, and a disturbance vector), it is unclear which effects are most impactful for any given prairie dog associate. We applied structural equation models (SEM) to disentangle direct and indirect effects of prairie dogs on multiple trophic levels (vegetation, arthropods, and birds) in the Thunder Basin National Grassland. Arthropods did not show any direct response to prairie dog occupation, but multiple bird species and vegetation parameters were directly affected. Surprisingly, the direct impact of prairie dogs on colony‐associated avifauna (Horned Lark [Eremophila alpestris] and Mountain Plover [Charadrius montanus]) had greater support than a mediated effect via vegetation structure, indicating that prairie dog disturbance may be greater than the sum of its parts in terms of impacts on localized vegetation structure. Overall, our models point to a combination of direct and indirect impacts of prairie dogs on associated vegetation, arthropods, and avifauna. The variation in these impacts highlights the importance of examining the various impacts of keystone engineers, as well as highlighting the diverse ways that black‐tailed prairie dogs are critical for the conservation of associated species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.3195","usgsCitation":"Duchardt, C.J., Porensky, L.M., and Pearse, I.S., 2021, Direct and indirect effects of a keystone engineer on a shrubland-prairie food web: Ecology, v. 102, no. 1, e03195, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3195.","productDescription":"e03195, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118463","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GI27PX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on prairie dogs, plants, arthropod biomass, and birds for Thunder Basin, Wyoming in 2017"},{"id":382485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Thunder Basin National Grassland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.787353515625,\n 43.07691312608711\n ],\n [\n -104.183349609375,\n 43.07691312608711\n ],\n [\n -104.183349609375,\n 44.166444664458595\n ],\n [\n -105.787353515625,\n 44.166444664458595\n ],\n [\n -105.787353515625,\n 43.07691312608711\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duchardt, Courtney J. 0000-0003-4563-0199","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4563-0199","contributorId":239754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duchardt","given":"Courtney","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":48000,"text":"U Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porensky, Lauren M. 0000-0001-6883-2442","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-2442","contributorId":239755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porensky","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":216680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70222937,"text":"70222937 - 2021 - Select techniques for detecting and quantifying seepage from unlined canals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-10T15:51:00.827832","indexId":"70222937","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-30T10:39:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7504,"text":"Final Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"ST-2020-19144-01","title":"Select techniques for detecting and quantifying seepage from unlined canals","docAbstract":"Canal seepage losses affect the ability of water conveyance structures to maximize efficiency and can be a precursor to canal failure. Identification and quantification of canal seepage out of unlined canals is a complex interaction affected by geology, canal stage, operations, embankment geometry, siltation, animal burrows, structures, and other physical characteristics. Seepage out of unlined canals can be coarsely estimated using a mass balance-type approach (water in minus water out with the difference assumed to be a combination of seepage and evapotranspiration). More sophisticated methods are used in some instances but are typically limited efforts aimed at quantifying seepage in a specific location.
Seepage is generally broken out into two categories: diffuse and concentrated (or focused) seepage. Diffuse seepage is where the seepage discharges relatively constant over a given area, whereas concentrated (point discharge source) seepage discharges along preferentially focused areas. Diffuse seepage typically occurs in homogeneous conditions where the amount of water flowing into the subsurface is controlled by soil permeability and canal stage. Conversely, concentrated seepage occurs in areas of heterogeneous conditions where water flows into bedrock fractures, rodent burrows or other pre-existing discrete flow-paths. Concentrated seepage can also develop in the advent of sudden or excessive increases in hydraulic gradient which can lead to heaving, cracking, and development of backward erosion piping flow-paths. Concentrated and diffuse seepage can lead to seeps, in this case, a surface expression of water fed by irrigation water on canal embankment or at distal regions away from the canal.
This report focuses on work funded by the Research and Development Office from Fiscal Year 2016 through 2021 and the references provided pertain primarily to those efforts. This report also provides a generalized framework for how and when to investigate seepage out of an unlined canal based on the type of seepage, level of understanding about the seepage locations, geology, and knowledge of the subsurface conditions. The various methods used to locate seeps and quantify canal seepage are discussed in further detail, with references provided for the reader.
The following seepage investigation scenarios are discussed within the report:
1. Idealized workflow insensitive to time with highest quality data required
2. General workflow sensitive to time with highest quality data required
3. General workflow insensitive to time with lowest cost items preceding more costly techniques
4. Newly developed concentrated seep(s), concern about consequences (time sensitive)
5. Newly developed or rapidly increasing diffuse seepage, concern about consequences (time sensitive)
6. Existing concentrated seep(s), limited concern about consequences, poor geologic understanding
7. Existing concentrated seep(s), limited concern about consequences, good geologic understanding
8. Existing diffuse seepage, limited concern about consequences, poor geologic understanding
9. Existing diffuse seepage, limited concern about consequences, good geologic understanding
A workflow is given for each scenario which details recommended steps and the order in which those steps should be taken to maximize efficiency and data quality. The various seepage investigation techniques and estimated costs are discussed in more detail later in this report.
The next step is to take the data collected from the various methods and incorporate them into canal operations models to optimize deliveries. This step could also include the development of 3D seepage models to better understand the larger-scale groundwater-surface water interactions and how they are affected by the water delivery system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Lindenbach, E.J., Kang, J.B., Rittgers, J.B., and Naranjo, R.C., 2021, Select techniques for detecting and quantifying seepage from unlined canals: Final Report ST-2020-19144-01, viii, 75 p.","productDescription":"viii, 75 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122681","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":387793,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usbr.gov/research/projects/download_product.cfm?id=2955"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindenbach, Evan J.","contributorId":263642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindenbach","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kang, Jong Beom","contributorId":263643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kang","given":"Jong","email":"","middleInitial":"Beom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rittgers, Justin B.","contributorId":263644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rittgers","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naranjo, Ramon C. 0000-0003-4469-6831 rnaranjo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4469-6831","contributorId":3391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naranjo","given":"Ramon","email":"rnaranjo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220134,"text":"70220134 - 2021 - Moderate susceptibility to subcutaneous plague (Yersinia pestis) challenge in vaccine-treated and untreated Sonoran deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis) and northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T16:03:19.959223","indexId":"70220134","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-29T06:54:23","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Moderate susceptibility to subcutaneous plague (Yersinia pestis) challenge in vaccine-treated and untreated Sonoran Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis) and Northern Grasshopper Mice (Onychomys leucogaster)","title":"Moderate susceptibility to subcutaneous plague (Yersinia pestis) challenge in vaccine-treated and untreated Sonoran deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis) and northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster)","docAbstract":"The variable response of wild mice to Yersinia pestis infection, the causative agent of plague, has generated much speculation concerning their role in the ecology of this potentially lethal disease. Researchers have questioned the means by which Y. pestis is maintained in nature and also sought methods for managing the disease. Here we assessed the efficacy of a new tool, the sylvatic plague vaccine (SPV), in wild-caught northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) and commercially acquired Sonoran deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis). More than 40% of the animals survived a subcutaneous Y. pestis challenge of 175,000 colony forming units (over 30,000 times the white mouse 50% lethal dose) in both vaccine-treated and control groups. Our results indicate that SPV distribution is unlikely to protect adult mice from plague infection in field settings and corroborate the heterogeneous response to Y. pestis infection in mice reported by others.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-20-00122","usgsCitation":"Bron, G., Smith, S., Williamson, J.L., Tripp, D.W., and Rocke, T.E., 2021, Moderate susceptibility to subcutaneous plague (Yersinia pestis) challenge in vaccine-treated and untreated Sonoran deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis) and northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 57, no. 3, p. 632-636, https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-20-00122.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"632","endPage":"636","ipdsId":"IP-122718","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bron, Gebbiena","contributorId":170006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bron","given":"Gebbiena","affiliations":[{"id":25647,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of 4 Pathobiological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Susan 0000-0001-6478-5028 susansmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-5028","contributorId":139497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Susan","email":"susansmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":814558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williamson, Judy L. 0000-0001-7110-1632 jwilliamson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7110-1632","contributorId":3647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Judy","email":"jwilliamson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tripp, Daniel W.","contributorId":17910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tripp","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13449,"text":"Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70216786,"text":"70216786 - 2021 - Elucidating controls on cyanobacteria bloom timing and intensity via Bayesian mechanistic modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-07T15:10:38.473531","indexId":"70216786","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-24T09:08:22","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elucidating controls on cyanobacteria bloom timing and intensity via Bayesian mechanistic modeling","docAbstract":"The adverse impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing worldwide. Lake Erie is a North American Great Lake highly affected by cultural eutrophication and summer cyanobacterial HABs. While phosphorus loading is a known driver of bloom size, more nuanced yet crucial questions remain. For example, it is unclear what mechanisms are primarily responsible for initiating cyanobacterial dominance and subsequent biomass accumulation. To address these questions, we develop a mechanistic model describing June–October dynamics of chlorophyll a, nitrogen, and phosphorus near the Maumee River outlet, where blooms typically initiate and are most severe. We calibrate the model to a new, geostatistically-derived dataset of daily water quality spanning 2008–2017. A Bayesian framework enables us to embed prior knowledge on system characteristics and test alternative model formulations. Overall, the best model formulation explains 42% of the variability in chlorophyll a and 83% of nitrogen, and better captures bloom timing than previous models. Our results, supported by cross validation, show that onset of the major midsummer bloom is associated with about a month of water temperatures above 20 °C (occurring 19 July to 6 August), consistent with when cyanobacteria dominance is usually reported. Decreased phytoplankton loss rate is the main factor enabling biomass accumulation, consistent with reduced zooplankton grazing on cyanobacteria. The model also shows that phosphorus limitation is most severe in August, and nitrogen limitation tends to occur in early autumn. Our results highlight the role of temperature in regulating bloom initiation and subsequent loss rates, and suggest that a 2 °C increase could lead to blooms that start about 10 days earlier and grow 23% more intense.
The mechanisms causing invasive species impact are rarely empirically tested, limiting our ability to understand and predict subsequent changes in invaded plant communities. Invader disruption of native mutualistic interactions is a mechanism expected to have negative effects on native plant species. Specifically, disruption of native plant‐fungal mutualisms may provide non‐mycorrhizal plant invaders an advantage over mycorrhizal native plants. Invasive Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) produces secondary chemicals toxic to soil microorganisms including mycorrhizal fungi, and is known to induce physiological stress and reduce population growth rates of native forest understory plant species. Here, we report on a 11‐yr manipulative field experiment in replicated forest plots testing if the effects of removal of garlic mustard on the plant community support the mutualism disruption hypothesis within the entire understory herbaceous community. We compare community responses for two functional groups: the mycorrhizal vs. the non‐mycorrhizal plant communities. Our results show that garlic mustard weeding alters the community composition, decreases community evenness, and increases the abundance of understory herbs that associate with mycorrhizal fungi. Conversely, garlic mustard has no significant effects on the non‐mycorrhizal plant community. Consistent with the mutualism disruption hypothesis, our results demonstrate that allelochemical producing invaders modify the plant community by disproportionately impacting mycorrhizal plant species. We also demonstrate the importance of incorporating causal mechanisms of biological invasion to elucidate patterns and predict community‐level responses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.3201","usgsCitation":"Roche, M., Pearse, I., Bialic-Murphy, L., Kivlin, S.N., Sofaer, H., and Kalisz, S., 2021, Negative effects of an allelopathic invader on AM fungal plant species drive community‐level responses: Ecology, v. 102, no. 1, e03201, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3201.","productDescription":"e03201, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118543","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VP7BFU","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on the impacts of garlic mustard from a weeding experiment in Pennsylvania 2006-2016"},{"id":436662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VP7BFU","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on the impacts of garlic mustard from a weeding experiment in Pennsylvania 2006-2016"},{"id":382484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roche, Morgan 0000-0002-2276-3944","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2276-3944","contributorId":248273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roche","given":"Morgan","affiliations":[{"id":49844,"text":"U Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":211154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia 0000-0001-6046-8316","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6046-8316","contributorId":248274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bialic-Murphy","given":"Lalasia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49844,"text":"U Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kivlin, Stephanie N 0000-0003-2442-7773","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2442-7773","contributorId":248275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kivlin","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"N","affiliations":[{"id":49844,"text":"U Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sofaer, Helen R. 0000-0002-9450-5223","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-5223","contributorId":216681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sofaer","given":"Helen","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalisz, Susan 0000-0002-1761-5752","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-5752","contributorId":248276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalisz","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49844,"text":"U Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70223267,"text":"70223267 - 2021 - Leveraging deep learning in global 24/7 real-time earthquake monitoring at the National Earthquake Information Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T16:05:23.41401","indexId":"70223267","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-23T11:01:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leveraging deep learning in global 24/7 real-time earthquake monitoring at the National Earthquake Information Center","docAbstract":"Machine‐learning algorithms continue to show promise in their application to seismic processing. The U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) is exploring the adoption of these tools to aid in simultaneous local, regional, and global real‐time earthquake monitoring. As a first step, we describe a simple framework to incorporate deep‐learning tools into NEIC operations. Automatic seismic arrival detections made from standard picking methods (e.g., short‐term average/long‐term average [STA/LTA]) are fed to trained neural network models to improve automatic seismic‐arrival (pick) timing and estimate seismic‐arrival phase type and source‐station distances. These additional data are used to improve the capabilities of the NEIC associator. We compile a dataset of 1.3 million seismic‐phase arrivals that represent a globally distributed set of source‐station paths covering a range of phase types, magnitudes, and source distances. We train three separate convolutional neural network models to predict arrival time onset, phase type, and distance. We validate the performance of the trained networks on a subset of our existing dataset and further extend validation by exploring the model performance when applied to NEIC automatic pick data feeds. We show that the information provided by these models can be useful in downstream event processing, specifically in seismic‐phase association, resulting in reduced false associations and improved location estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220200178","usgsCitation":"Yeck, W.L., Patton, J., Ross, Z.E., Hayes, G., Guy, M.M., Ambruz, N., Shelly, D.R., Benz, H.M., and Earle, P.S., 2021, Leveraging deep learning in global 24/7 real-time earthquake monitoring at the National Earthquake Information Center: Seismological Research Letters, v. 92, no. 1, p. 4469-480, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200178.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4469","endPage":"480","ipdsId":"IP-120508","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OHF4WL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Waveform Data and Metadata used to National Earthquake Information Center Deep-Learning Models"},{"id":436664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ICQPUR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"neic-machine-learning"},{"id":388157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yeck, William L. 0000-0002-2801-8873 wyeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-8873","contributorId":147558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeck","given":"William","email":"wyeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patton, John 0000-0003-0142-5118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0142-5118","contributorId":218681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, Zachary E.","contributorId":196001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":821550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guy, Michelle M. 0000-0003-3450-4656 mguy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3450-4656","contributorId":173432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Michelle","email":"mguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ambruz, Nicholas 0000-0002-3660-3546","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3660-3546","contributorId":218684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambruz","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Earle, Paul S. 0000-0002-3500-017X pearle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3500-017X","contributorId":173551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"Paul","email":"pearle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70214567,"text":"70214567 - 2021 - Net-spinning caddisfly distribution in large regulated rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T21:34:43.821143","indexId":"70214567","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-20T09:11:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Net-spinning caddisfly distribution in large regulated rivers","docAbstract":"Lake Tahoe, a large freshwater lake of the eastern Sierra Nevada in California and Nevada, has 63 tributaries that are sources of nutrients and sediment to the lake. The Tahoe watershed is relatively small, and the surface area of the lake occupies about 38% of the watershed area (1313 km2). Only about 6% of the watershed is urbanized or residential land, and as part of a plan to maintain water clarity, wastewater is exported out of the basin. The lake's clarity has been diminishing due to algae and fine sediment, prompting development of management plans. Much of the annual discharge and nutrient load to the lake results from snowmelt in the spring and summer months. To understand the relative importance of land use, climate, forest management, and other factors affecting trends in nutrient stream concentrations and loads, a Weighted Regression on Time Discharge and Season (WRTDS) model simulated these trends over a time frame of >25 years (mid-1970s to 2017). All studied locations generally show nitrate concentration and load trending down. Ammonium concentration and load initially trended down then increased continuously after 2005. Some locations show initially decreasing orthophosphate trends, followed by small significant increases in concentration and loads starting around 2000 to 2005. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus and suspended sediment mostly trended downward. Overall, the trends in various forms of nitrogen were observed at most sites irrespective of the degree of development and indicate a change in ecological conditions is affecting the nitrogen cycle throughout the watershed, most likely attributable to forest aggradation and fire suppression. Ratios of bioavailable nitrogen in the form of nitrate and ammonium to orthophosphate have also trended downward during the period of record suggesting a shift of these streams from phosphorus limited to nitrogen limited.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141815","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., Morway, E.D., Alvarez, N.L., Hutchins, J., Rosen, M.R., and Coats, R., 2021, Trends in nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment concentrations and loads in streams draining to Lake Tahoe, California, Nevada, USA: Science of the Total Environment (STOTEN), v. 752, 141815, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141815.","productDescription":"141815, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-116547","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98T2HNM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Discharge, nutrient, and suspended sediment data for selected streams in the Lake Tahoe watershed"},{"id":436670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98T2HNM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Discharge, nutrient, and suspended sediment data for selected streams in the Lake Tahoe watershed"},{"id":378607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70214032/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.27282714843749,\n 38.807610542357594\n ],\n [\n -119.80865478515625,\n 38.807610542357594\n ],\n [\n -119.80865478515625,\n 39.31942523123949\n ],\n [\n -120.27282714843749,\n 39.31942523123949\n ],\n [\n -120.27282714843749,\n 38.807610542357594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"752","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morway, Eric D. 0000-0002-8553-6140 emorway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-6140","contributorId":4320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morway","given":"Eric","email":"emorway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvarez, Nancy L. 0000-0001-8037-1001 nalvarez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8037-1001","contributorId":206530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Nancy","email":"nalvarez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutchins, Juliet 0000-0001-7385-4160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-4160","contributorId":240999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutchins","given":"Juliet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37762,"text":"California State University, Sacramento","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coats, Robert 0000-0002-0402-032X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0402-032X","contributorId":241000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coats","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48187,"text":"Hydroikos Ltd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70214978,"text":"70214978 - 2021 - Hydrocarbons to carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules: A continuum model to describe biodegradation of petroleum-derived dissolved organic matter in contaminated groundwater plumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-05T12:45:51.418963","indexId":"70214978","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-19T07:35:25","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2331,"text":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrocarbons to carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules: A continuum model to describe biodegradation of petroleum-derived dissolved organic matter in contaminated groundwater plumes","docAbstract":"Relationships between dissolved organic matter (DOM) reactivity and chemical composition in a groundwater plume containing petroleum-derived DOM (DOMHC) were examined by quantitative and qualitative measurements to determine the source and chemical composition of the compounds that persist downgradient. Samples were collected from a transect down the core of the plume in the direction of groundwater flow. An exponential decrease in dissolved organic carbon concentration resulting from biodegradation along the transect correlated with a continuous shift in fluorescent DOMHC from shorter to longer wavelengths. Moreover, ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry showed a shift from low molecular weight (MW) aliphatic, reduced compounds to high MW, unsaturated (alicyclic/aromatic), high oxygen compounds that are consistent with carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules. The degree of condensed aromaticity increased downgradient, indicating that compounds with larger, conjugated aromatic core structures were less susceptible to biodegradation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed a decrease in alkyl (particularly methyl) and an increase in aromatic/olefinic structural motifs. Collectively, data obtained from the combination of these complementary analytical techniques indicated that changes in the DOMHC composition of a groundwater plume are gradual, as relatively low molecular weight (MW), reduced, aliphatic compounds from the oil source were selectively degraded and high MW, alicyclic/aromatic, oxidized compounds persisted.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a potentially powerful tool for use in conservation and resource management, including for tracking the recolonization dynamics of fish populations. We used eDNA to assess the effectiveness of dam removal to restore fish passage on the Elwha River in Washington State (USA). Using a suite of 11 species‐specific eDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, we showed that most targeted anadromous species (five Pacific Salmon species and Pacific Lamprey) were able to pass upstream of both former dam sites. Multiscale occupancy modeling showed that the timing and spatial extent of recolonization differed among species during the four years of post‐dam removal monitoring. More abundant species like Chinook Salmon and Coho Salmon migrated farther into the upper portions of the watershed than less abundant species like Pink Salmon and Chum Salmon. Sampling also allowed assessment of potamodromous fish species. Bull Trout and Rainbow Trout, ubiquitous species in the watershed, were detected at all sampling locations. Environmental DNA from Brook Trout, a non‐native species isolated between the dams prior to dam removal, was detected downstream of Elwha dam but rarely upstream of the Glines Canyon Dam suggested that the species has not expanded its range appreciably in the watershed following dam removal. We found that eDNA was an effective tool to assess the response of fish populations to large‐scale dam removal on the Elwha River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/edn3.134","usgsCitation":"Duda, J.J., Hoy, M.S., Chase, D.M., Pess, G.R., Brenkman, S.J., McHenry, M.M., and Ostberg, C.O., 2021, Environmental DNA is an effective tool to track recolonizing migratory fish following large‐scale dam removal: Environmental DNA, v. 3, no. 1, p. 121-141, https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.134.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"141","ipdsId":"IP-117988","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.134","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96R5Q0M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an Effective Tool to Track Recolonizing Migratory Fish Following Large-Scale Dam Removal, field data"},{"id":382487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":148954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoy, Marshal S. 0000-0003-2828-9697","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-9697","contributorId":220730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"Marshal","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, Dorothy M. 0000-0002-7759-2687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7759-2687","contributorId":203926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pess, George R.","contributorId":13501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pess","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brenkman, Samuel J.","contributorId":138941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenkman","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12587,"text":"Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McHenry, Michael M","contributorId":239726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McHenry","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":16823,"text":"Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ostberg, Carl O. 0000-0003-1479-8458","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-8458","contributorId":220731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"Carl","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70215617,"text":"70215617 - 2021 - Genetic diversity, population structure, and historical demography of a highly vagile and human‐impacted seabird in the Pacific Ocean: The red‐tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T21:04:27.61783","indexId":"70215617","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-16T09:04:16","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetic diversity, population structure, and historical demography of a highly vagile and human‐impacted seabird in the Pacific Ocean: The red‐tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda","title":"Genetic diversity, population structure, and historical demography of a highly vagile and human‐impacted seabird in the Pacific Ocean: The red‐tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda","docAbstract":"This review evaluates the importance of plants and associated biological processes in determining the vulnerability of coastal wetlands to sea-level rise. Coastal wetlands occur across a broad sedimentary continuum from minerogenic to biogenic, providing an opportunity to examine the relative importance of biological processes in wetland resilience to sea-level rise. We explore how plants influence sediment accretion, elevation capital (vertical position in the tidal frame), and compaction or erosion of deposited material. We focus on salt marsh and mangrove wetlands, which occupy a similar physiographic niche and display similar physical and biological controls on resilience to sea-level rise. In both habitats, plants stabilize emergent mudflats and help sustain the wetland position in the tidal frame relative to ocean height through both surface and subsurface process controls on soil elevation. Plants influence soil elevations by modifying (1) mineral sediment deposition and retention, (2) organic matter contributions to soil volume, and (3) resistance to compaction and erosion. Recognition of the importance of plants in coastal wetland resilience to sea-level rise is key to accurate predictions about the future fate of salt marshes and mangrove forests and for development of effective management and restoration plans.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-020-00834-w","usgsCitation":"Cahoon, D.R., McKee, K.L., and James Morris, 2021, How plants influence resilience of salt marsh and mangrove wetlands to sea-level rise: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 44, p. 883-898, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00834-w.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"883","endPage":"898","ipdsId":"IP-118213","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Karen L. 0000-0001-7042-670X mckeek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","email":"mckeek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"James Morris","contributorId":240798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James Morris","affiliations":[{"id":37804,"text":"University of South Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70218228,"text":"70218228 - 2021 - Latitudinal patterns of alien plant invasions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-19T18:17:36.387653","indexId":"70218228","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-10T12:16:02","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latitudinal patterns of alien plant invasions","docAbstract":"Latitudinal patterns of biodiversity have long been a central topic in ecology and evolutionary biology. However, while most previous studies have focused on native species, little effort has been devoted to latitudinal patterns of plant invasions (with a few exceptions based on data from sparse locations). Using the most up‐to‐date worldwide native and alien plant distribution data from 801 regions (including islands), we compared invasion levels (i.e. alien richness/total richness) in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and across continental regions and islands around the globe. Results from quantile regressions using B‐splines to model nonlinearity showed (1) declining richness with increasing latitude, although the highest alien richness occurs at around 40 degrees in both hemispheres, (2) decreasing invasion levels towards higher latitudes on islands but a unimodal pattern in invasion level in continental regions in each hemisphere, (3) significantly higher invasion levels on islands than in continental regions and (4) a greater variability in invasion levels on islands at low latitudes than on high‐latitude islands. In continental regions, only the mid‐latitudes had high variability with both low and high invasion levels. Our findings identified latitudes with invasion hotspots where management is urgently needed, and latitudes with many areas of low invasions but high conservation potential where prevention of future invasions should be the priority.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jbi.13943","usgsCitation":"Guo, Q., Cade, B.S., Dawson, W., Essl, F., Kreft, H., Pergl, J., van Kleunen, M., Weigelt, P., Winter, M., and Pyšek, P., 2021, Latitudinal patterns of alien plant invasions: Journal of Biogeography, v. 48, no. 2, p. 253-262, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13943.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"262","ipdsId":"IP-119112","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13943","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Qinfeng","contributorId":214263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Qinfeng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Wayne","contributorId":193105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Wayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Essl, Franz","contributorId":167872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Essl","given":"Franz","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24846,"text":"Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kreft, Holger","contributorId":193108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kreft","given":"Holger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pergl, Jan","contributorId":193109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pergl","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"van Kleunen, Mark","contributorId":193107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Kleunen","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weigelt, Patrick","contributorId":193111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weigelt","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Winter, Marten","contributorId":178720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Marten","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pyšek, Petr","contributorId":251754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pyšek","given":"Petr","affiliations":[{"id":17790,"text":"Czech Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70219208,"text":"70219208 - 2021 - Assessing the ecological risks of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Current state‐of‐the science and a proposed path forward","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-01T11:26:50.678979","indexId":"70219208","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-08T06:56:05","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the ecological risks of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Current state‐of‐the science and a proposed path forward","docAbstract":"Per‐ and poly‐fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) encompass a large, heterogenous group of chemicals of potential concern to human health and the environment. Based on information for a few relatively well‐understood PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate, there is ample basis to suspect that at least a subset can be considered persistent, bioaccumulative, and/or toxic. However, data suitable for determining risks in either prospective or retrospective assessments are lacking for the majority of PFAS. In August 2019, the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry sponsored a workshop that focused on the state‐of‐the‐science supporting risk assessment of PFAS. The present review summarizes discussions concerning the ecotoxicology and ecological risks of PFAS. First, we summarize currently available information relevant to problem formulation/prioritization, exposure, and hazard/effects of PFAS in the context of regulatory and ecological risk assessment activities from around the world. We then describe critical gaps and uncertainties relative to ecological risk assessments for PFAS and propose approaches to address these needs. Recommendations include the development of more comprehensive monitoring programs to support exposure assessment, an emphasis on research to support the formulation of predictive models for bioaccumulation, and the development of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods to efficiently assess biological effects for potentially sensitive species/endpoints. Addressing needs associated with assessing the ecological risk of PFAS will require cross‐disciplinary approaches that employ both conventional and new methods in an integrated, resource‐effective manner.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.4869","usgsCitation":"Ankley, G., Cureton, P., Hoke, R.A., Houde, M., Kumar, A., Kurias, J., Lanno, R.P., McCarthy, C., Newsted, J.L., Salice, C.J., Sample, B.E., Sepúlveda, M., Steevens, J.A., and Valsecchi, S., 2021, Assessing the ecological risks of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Current state‐of‐the science and a proposed path forward: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 40, no. 3, p. 564-605, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4869.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"564","endPage":"605","ipdsId":"IP-119653","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4869","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ankley, Gerald T.","contributorId":177970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ankley","given":"Gerald T.","affiliations":[{"id":13485,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cureton, Philippa","contributorId":256766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cureton","given":"Philippa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51852,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Risk Assessment Division, Gatineau, QC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoke, Robert A.","contributorId":170022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoke","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Houde, Magali","contributorId":218112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houde","given":"Magali","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kumar, Anupama","contributorId":168793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Anupama","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25361,"text":"CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide, South Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kurias, Jessy","contributorId":256767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kurias","given":"Jessy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51852,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Risk Assessment Division, Gatineau, QC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lanno, Roman P.","contributorId":218116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanno","given":"Roman","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCarthy, Chris","contributorId":256768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51853,"text":"Jacobs Engineering Inc., Boston, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Newsted, John L.","contributorId":175333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newsted","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Salice, Christopher J.","contributorId":143761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salice","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sample, Bradley E.","contributorId":245821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sample","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":49335,"text":"Ecological Risk, Inc. 15036 Magno Ct., Rancho Murieta, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sepúlveda, Maria S.","contributorId":256769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepúlveda","given":"Maria S.","affiliations":[{"id":51854,"text":"Purdue University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Layette, IN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Steevens, Jeffery A. 0000-0003-3946-1229","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-1229","contributorId":207511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steevens","given":"Jeffery","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Valsecchi, Sara","contributorId":256770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valsecchi","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51856,"text":"IRSA-CNR Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Brugherio, MB, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70228551,"text":"70228551 - 2021 - Estimating abundance of an unmarked, low-density species using camera traps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T14:40:43.538737","indexId":"70228551","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-03T08:31:38","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating abundance of an unmarked, low-density species using camera traps","docAbstract":"Estimating abundance of wildlife populations can be challenging and costly, especially for species that are difficult to detect and that live at low densities, such as cougars (Puma concolor). Remote, motion-sensitive cameras are a relatively efficient monitoring tool, but most abundance estimation techniques using remote cameras rely on some or all of the population being uniquely identifiable. Recently developed methods estimate abundance from encounter rates with remote cameras and do not require identifiable individuals. We used 2 methods, the time-to-event and space-to-event models, to estimate the density of 2 cougar populations in Idaho, USA, over 3 winters from 2016–2019. We concurrently estimated cougar density using the random encounter model (REM), an existing camera-based method for unmarked populations, and genetic spatial capture recapture (SCR), an established method for monitoring cougar populations. In surveys for which we successfully estimated density using the SCR model, the time-to-event estimates were more precise and showed comparable variation between survey years. The space-to-event estimates were less precise than the SCR estimates and were more variable between survey years. Compared to REM, time-to-event was more precise and consistent, and space-to-event was less precise and consistent. Low sample sizes made the space-to-event and SCR models inconsistent from survey to survey, and non-random camera placement may have biased both of the camera-based estimators high. We show that camera-based estimators can perform comparably to existing methods for estimating abundance in unmarked species that live at low densities. With the time- and space-to-event models, managers could use remote cameras to monitor populations of multiple species at broader spatial and temporal scales than existing methods allow.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21950","usgsCitation":"Loonam, K.E., Ausband, D., Lukacs, P., Mitchell, M.S., and Robinson, H., 2021, Estimating abundance of an unmarked, low-density species using camera traps: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 85, no. 1, p. 87-96, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21950.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"96","ipdsId":"IP-117334","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loonam, Kenneth E.","contributorId":276117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loonam","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":48645,"text":"umt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ausband, David E.","contributorId":276111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ausband","given":"David E.","affiliations":[{"id":56023,"text":"idfg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lukacs, Paul M.","contributorId":276112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lukacs","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":48645,"text":"umt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robinson, Hugh S.","contributorId":276113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Hugh S.","affiliations":[{"id":48645,"text":"umt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70213078,"text":"70213078 - 2021 - Resolving species boundaries in the critically imperiled freshwater mussel species, Fusconaia mitchelli (Bivalvia: Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T16:46:05.336074","indexId":"70213078","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-02T10:03:27","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6485,"text":"Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Resolving species boundaries in the critically imperiled freshwater mussel species, Fusconaia mitchelli (Bivalvia: Unionidae)","title":"Resolving species boundaries in the critically imperiled freshwater mussel species, Fusconaia mitchelli (Bivalvia: Unionidae)","docAbstract":"Species are a fundamental unit of biology, and defining accurate species boundaries is integral to effective conservation and management of imperiled taxa. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) are among the most imperiled groups of organisms in North America, yet species boundaries remain uncertain for many taxa. The False Spike, Fusconaia mitchelli (Simpson in Dall, 1895), is a freshwater mussel considered to be endemic to central Texas (Brazos, Colorado, and Guadalupe drainages). Recent research revealed significant intraspecific genetic variation between geographically separated populations of F. mitchelli, which could be indicative of speciation; however, small sample sizes for several of the populations precluded formal taxonomic revision. Here, we increase taxon sampling and use multilocus DNA sequence data and traditional morphometrics to re‐evaluate species boundaries in F. mitchelli. We sequenced three loci: the protein‐coding mitochondrial DNA genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and NADH dehydrogenase 1, and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 1. Phylogenetic analyses depicted deep genetic divergence between F. mitchelli in the Guadalupe and those in the Brazos and Colorado drainages, which was further supported by available biogeographic information. Morphometric analyses and coalescent‐based species delimitation models integrating both DNA sequence and morphological data provided strong support for the divergence observed between the two geographically isolated clades of F. mitchelli. Based on these results, we revise taxonomy accordingly by elevating the junior synonym Fusconaia iheringi (Wright, 1898) to represent the Brazos and Colorado populations and restrict the distribution of F. mitchelli to the Guadalupe River drainage. Our findings may impact pending management decisions to protect F. mitchelli under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jzs.12412","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.H., Johnson, N., Havlik, K., Doyle, R.D., and Randklev, C.R., 2021, Resolving species boundaries in the critically imperiled freshwater mussel species, Fusconaia mitchelli (Bivalvia: Unionidae): Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, v. 59, no. 1, p. 60-77, https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12412.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"77","ipdsId":"IP-114078","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Y7K5CD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Molecular and morphological data to resolve species boundaries in the critically imperiled freshwater mussel species, Fusconaia mitchelli"},{"id":378265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Chase H. 0000-0002-1499-0311","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1499-0311","contributorId":225140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Chase","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13716,"text":"Baylor University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nathan 0000-0001-5167-1988","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-1988","contributorId":205384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nathan","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Havlik, Kaitlyn","contributorId":239935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Havlik","given":"Kaitlyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13716,"text":"Baylor University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doyle, Robert D.","contributorId":239937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doyle","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13716,"text":"Baylor University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Randklev, Charles R.","contributorId":202530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randklev","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36313,"text":"Texas A&M","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70223224,"text":"70223224 - 2021 - Profiling lunar dust dissolution in aqueous environments: The design concept","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-18T12:42:15.472873","indexId":"70223224","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-02T07:40:51","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":626,"text":"Acta Astronautica","printIssn":"0094-5765","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Profiling lunar dust dissolution in aqueous environments: The design concept","docAbstract":"Published studies and internal NASA reports indicate that when native lunar dust is suspended in an aqueous solution a variety of metal and other ions are released. This release has implications for future lunar missions, ranging from effects on mission hardware, effects on life support systems, possible direct effects on human health, and effects on research experiments such as plant growth experiments, space biology experiments and any activities that may involve the use of water sourced from the lunar poles. Furthermore, such contaminants could become concentrated or chemically altered to a more hazardous form during a variety of lunar mission activities, including everything from space suit cleaning to lunar industrial materials extraction. The exact profile of the release of ions from lunar dust and the nature of the partially dissolved particles has not been explored. Any model of this dissolution must be based on an understanding of the unique micromorphology of lunar dust, including its glassy nature, agglutinate features, high surface area and the presence of small deposits of elemental iron (nanophase iron) located near the surface of the grain particles. Dust has a very high surface area available for interaction with water. For this reason, on first exposure to water, an immediate pulsed release of ions could occur, with more prolonged release taking place over months or years. The few studies that have been conducted previously have been limited in both the time scales examined and in the selection of ions that were measured. The proposed investigation is a comprehensive materials science investigation, using the most modern analytical tools to catalogue all metals given off from lunar dust in various aqueous solutions and their time profiles of release from the very short term to the very long term. The product of the proposed study will be a comprehensive database determined from NASA curated samples collected from the Apollo landing sites that can be applied to research in both living systems and non-living systems on the moon. The methods developed in the proposed study will also establish standards for analysis of lunar dust samples returned from future manned missions (Artemis and others) and future robotic missions. The knowledge gained from this basic materials science investigation will have broad impact on the design of engineered human safety and health systems.
Many coastal-dependent species have undergone large-scale population declines due to impacts from habitat loss, including American oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus). Islands along the Big Bend region of Florida’s Gulf Coast provide important nesting habitat for oystercatchers, but reproductive success here is low and habitat degradation and loss are a major concern. To determine rates and characteristics of habitat loss, we quantified changes in island sizes within two major breeding areas of the Big Bend: the Barge Canal spoil islands and natural islands at Cedar Key. We digitized aerial photographs from the past ~ 40 years, measured area and shoreline retreat of nesting islands, and identified trends over time by fitting linear mixed effects models. The total area of the ten Barge Canal spoil islands decreased by 55% between 1979 and 2016. At Cedar Key, the total area of the six islands measured decreased by 39% between 1974 and 2016, 85% of which occurred after 1995, indicating an increase in erosion rates correlated with oyster reef declines. Changes in available nesting habitat varied between the Barge Canal and Cedar Key islands due to differences in physical attributes; however, all islands significantly decreased in size over time. Given the long life and high site fidelity of American oystercatchers, these islands may currently be acting as an ecological trap for this species. Climate change, sea-level rise, and loss of oyster reefs are likely to continue to drive oystercatcher habitat loss throughout their range; thus, creation and restoration of oyster reefs and nesting islands will become increasingly important.
Landsat 9 is currently undergoing testing at the integrated observatory level in preparation for launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base in 2021. Landsat 9 will replace Landsat 7 in orbit, 8 days out of phase with Landsat 8. Landsat 9 is largely a copy of Landsat 8 in terms of instrumentation, with an Operational Land Imager (OLI), model #2 and a Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), model #2. The TIRS-2 is more significantly changed from TIRS with increased redundancy, as well as changes to the telescope baffling to improve stray light control and a revised scene select mirror encoder mechanism. Data quality of the Landsat 9 instruments is comparable to, or better than the Landsat 8 ones, with an increase to 14 bits of data transmitted and more detailed pre-launch characterization for OLI-2, and with more detailed characterization of the TIRS-2 pre-launch, in addition to the improved stray light control. The performance of the two instruments is summarized and compared to that of the Landsat 8 instruments.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings volume 11501, Earth observing systems XXV","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.2569748","usgsCitation":"Markham, B., Jenstrom, D., Pszcolka, S., Dulski, V., Hair, J., Joel McCorkel, Kvaran, G., Thome, K., Montanaro, M., Pedelty, J., Anderson, C., Choate, M., Barsi, J., Kaita, E., and Miller, J., 2021, Landsat 9 mission update and status, in Proceedings volume 11501, Earth observing systems XXV, 115010O, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2569748.","productDescription":"115010O, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121748","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markham, Brian","contributorId":251770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markham","given":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenstrom, Del","contributorId":251771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenstrom","given":"Del","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pszcolka, Steven","contributorId":251772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pszcolka","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dulski, Vicki","contributorId":251773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dulski","given":"Vicki","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hair, Jason","contributorId":251774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hair","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Joel McCorkel","contributorId":251775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joel McCorkel","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kvaran, Geir","contributorId":251776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kvaran","given":"Geir","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50396,"text":"Ball Aerospace","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thome, Kurtis","contributorId":251777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thome","given":"Kurtis","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Montanaro, Matthew","contributorId":251778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montanaro","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":32390,"text":"Rochester Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pedelty, Jeffery","contributorId":251779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedelty","given":"Jeffery","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Anderson, Cody 0000-0001-5612-1889 chanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-1889","contributorId":195521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Cody","email":"chanderson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Choate, Michael J. 0000-0002-8101-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-4994","contributorId":251780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Barsi, Julia","contributorId":251781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barsi","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50397,"text":"SSAI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Kaita, Ed","contributorId":251782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaita","given":"Ed","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50397,"text":"SSAI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Miller, Jeffery","contributorId":251783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Jeffery","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50397,"text":"SSAI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70213185,"text":"70213185 - 2021 - Complexity of groundwater age mixing near a seawater intrusion zone based on multiple tracers and Bayesian inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-14T14:32:51.944624","indexId":"70213185","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-25T09:27:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complexity of groundwater age mixing near a seawater intrusion zone based on multiple tracers and Bayesian inference","docAbstract":"Aquifer flow systems near seawater interfaces can be complicated by density-driven flows and the formation of stagnation zones, which inevitably introduces uncertainty into groundwater age-dating. While age-dating has proved effective to understand the seawater intrusion and aquifer salinization process in coastal aquifers, further efforts are needed to propagate model and data uncertainty to the uncertainty associated with the inferred age distributions. This study was performed in a coastal aquifer located close to the Yellow Sea, South Korea, where there is a decreasing trend of groundwater levels due to recent heavy exploitation, raising a warning of induced seawater intrusion. We inferred the groundwater age distributions in wells around the intrusion zone and estimated the uncertainty associated with the inference based on multiple age tracers including 3H, tritiogenic 3He, radiogenic 4He, CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 using Bayesian inference. We examined various models representing the age distributions including traditional parametric Lumped Parameter Models (LPMs) and two non-parametric “shape-free” models. The results showed that the mean ages at the study site ranged from 10.9 to 522.5 y. Complex, multimodal distributions of ages occurred near a seawater intrusion area and upland recharge zones, implying converging paths of a wide range of different ages in those regions. In particular, the age distributions estimated near the seawater intrusion interface were characterized by heavy-tailed mixing structures with elevated concentrations of 4He. This likely indicates density-driven upward flow at the seawater intrusion interface, forcing old groundwater rich in 4He into the shallow aquifer. The Bayesian inference estimated large uncertainties particularly for the old age distributions, which was attributed partly to the gradual accumulation of 4He in groundwater. The Bayesian inference improved understanding of flow dynamics at a complex seawater interface and identified opportunities to further reduce uncertainty of old water age estimates that characterize upwelling groundwater near the interface.