{"pageNumber":"259","pageRowStart":"6450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10462,"records":[{"id":70029660,"text":"70029660 - 2005 - Widespread detection of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide in U.S. streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:46:10.989349","indexId":"70029660","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Widespread detection of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl-<i>m</i>-toluamide in U.S. streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds","title":"Widespread detection of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide in U.S. streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds","docAbstract":"<p>One of the most frequently detected organic chemicals in a nationwide study concerning the effects of wastewater on stream water quality conducted in the year 2000 was the widely used insect repellant <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl-<i>m</i>-toluamide (DEET). It was detected at levels of 0.02 &mu;g/L or greater in 73% of the stream sites sampled, with the selection of sampling sites being biased toward streams thought to be subject to wastewater contamination (i.e., downstream from intense urbanization and livestock production). Although DEET frequently was detected at all sites, the median concentration was low (0.05 &mu;g/L). The highest concentrations of DEET were found in streams from the urban areas (maximum concentration, 1.1 &mu;g/L). The results of the present study suggest that the movement of DEET to streams through wastewater-treatment systems is an important mechanism that might lead to the exposure of aquatic organisms to this chemical.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1897/04-297R.1","usgsCitation":"Sandstrom, M.W., Kolpin, D., Thurman, E., and Zaugg, S., 2005, Widespread detection of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide in U.S. streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 5, p. 1029-1034, https://doi.org/10.1897/04-297R.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1029","endPage":"1034","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zaugg, S.D.","contributorId":82811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029659,"text":"70029659 - 2005 - Predicted sex ratio of juvenile Kemp's Ridley sea turtles captured near Steinhatchee, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T11:05:56","indexId":"70029659","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicted sex ratio of juvenile Kemp's Ridley sea turtles captured near Steinhatchee, Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Kemp's Ridley (</span><i>Lepidochelys kempii</i><span>) is one of the most endangered sea turtles in the world, and it possesses temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). Sex ratios produced under TSD can vary widely and can affect the reproductive ecology of a population. Therefore, sex ratios produced from TSD are of ecological and conservation interest. The current study validated and utilized a testosterone radioimmunoassay (RIA) to examine the sex ratio of juvenile Kemp's Ridleys inhabiting the waters near Steinhatchee, Florida. Testosterone levels were measured in blood samples collected from juvenile Kemp's Ridleys captured over a three-year period. Results of this study indicate that a significant female bias (approximately 3.7:1) occurs in the aggregation of juvenile Kemp's Ridleys inhabiting the waters near Steinhatchee.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/CE-03-089R1","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Geis, A., Barichivich, W., Wibbels, T., Coyne, M., Landry, A., and Owens, D., 2005, Predicted sex ratio of juvenile Kemp's Ridley sea turtles captured near Steinhatchee, Florida: Copeia, no. 2, p. 393-398, https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-03-089R1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"398","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8199e4b0c8380cd7b604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geis, A.A.","contributorId":17575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barichivich, W.J. 0000-0003-1103-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":91435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wibbels, T.","contributorId":18721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wibbels","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coyne, M.","contributorId":15569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coyne","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landry, A.M. Jr.","contributorId":19121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landry","given":"A.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Owens, D.","contributorId":29368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029657,"text":"70029657 - 2005 - Incorporating seepage losses into the unsteady streamflow equations for simulating intermittent flow along mountain front streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T08:05:57","indexId":"70029657","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating seepage losses into the unsteady streamflow equations for simulating intermittent flow along mountain front streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>Seepage losses along numerous mountain front streams that discharge intermittently onto alluvial fans and piedmont alluvial plains are an important source of groundwater in the Basin and Range Province of the Western United States. Determining the distribution of seepage loss along mountain front streams is important when assessing groundwater resources of the region. Seepage loss along a mountain front stream in northern Nevada was evaluated using a one‐dimensional unsteady streamflow model. Seepage loss was incorporated into the spatial derivatives of the streamflow equations. Because seepage loss from streams is dependent on stream depth, wetted perimeter, and streambed properties, a two‐dimensional variably saturated flow model was used to develop a series of relations between seepage loss and stream depth for each reach. This method works when streams are separated from groundwater by variably saturated sediment. Two periods of intermittent flow were simulated to evaluate the modeling approach. The model reproduced measured flow and seepage losses along the channel. Seepage loss in the spring of 2000 was limited to the upper reaches on the alluvial plain and totaled 196,000 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>, whereas 64% of the seepage loss in the spring of 2004 occurred at the base of the alluvial plain and totaled 273,000 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>. A greater seepage loss at the base of the piedmont alluvial plain is attributed to increased streambed hydraulic conductivity caused by less armoring of the channel. The modeling approach provides a method for quantifying and distributing seepage loss along mountain front streams that cross alluvial fans or piedmont alluvial plains.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003677","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Niswonger, R., Prudic, D.E., Pohll, G., and Constantz, J., 2005, Incorporating seepage losses into the unsteady streamflow equations for simulating intermittent flow along mountain front streams: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 6, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003677.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486798,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003677","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39eae4b0c8380cd61aa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niswonger, R.G.","contributorId":103393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pohll, G.","contributorId":25362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohll","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Constantz, J.","contributorId":29953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029628,"text":"70029628 - 2005 - Rural cases of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis and the normalized difference vegetation index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029628","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3675,"text":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rural cases of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis and the normalized difference vegetation index","docAbstract":"Data from an outbreak (August to October, 2002) of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalomyelitis in a population of horses located in northern Indiana was scanned for clusters in time and space. One significant (p = 0.04) cluster of case premises was detected, occurring between September 4 and 10 in the south-west part of the study area (85.70??N, 45.50??W). It included 10 case premises (3.67 case premises expected) within a radius of 2264 m. Image data were acquired by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor onboard a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar-orbiting satellite. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated from visible and near-infrared data of daily observations, which were composited to produce a weekly-1km2 resolution raster image product. During the epidemic, a significant (p<0.01) decrease (0.025 per week) in estimated NDVI was observed at all case and control premise sites. The median estimated NDVI (0.659) for case premises within the cluster identified was significantly (p<0.01) greater than the median estimated NDVI for other case (0.571) and control (0.596) premises during the same period. The difference in median estimated NDVI for case premises within this cluster, compared to cases not included in this cluster, was greatest (5.3% and 5.1%, respectively) at 1 and 5 weeks preceding occurrence of the cluster. The NDVI may be useful for identifying foci of WNV transmission. ?? Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2005.5.181","issn":"15303667","usgsCitation":"Ward, M., Ramsay, B., and Gallo, K., 2005, Rural cases of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis and the normalized difference vegetation index: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, v. 5, no. 2, p. 181-188, https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2005.5.181.","startPage":"181","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210545,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2005.5.181"},{"id":237500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaedde4b0c8380cd87273","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, M.P.","contributorId":15815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsay, B.H.","contributorId":64443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsay","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gallo, K. 0000-0001-9162-5011 kgallo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9162-5011","contributorId":44655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"K.","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029624,"text":"70029624 - 2005 - The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029624","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors","docAbstract":"The complete sequences of Takifugu Toll-like receptor (TLR) loci and gene predictions from many draft genomes enable comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis. Strong selective pressure for recognition of and response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns has maintained a largely unchanging TLR recognition in all vertebrates. There are six major families of vertebrate TLRs. This repertoire is distinct from that of invertebrates. TLRs within a family recognize a general class of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Most vertebrates have exactly one gene ortholog for each TLR family. The family including TLR1 has more species-specific adaptations than other families. A major family including TLR11 is represented in humans only by a pseudogene. Coincidental evolution plays a minor role in TLR evolution. The sequencing phase of this study produced finished genomic sequences for the 12 Takifugu rubripes TLRs. In addition, we have produced > 70 gene models, including sequences from the opossum, chicken, frog, dog, sea urchin, and sea squirt. ?? 2005 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0502272102","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Roach, J., Glusman, G., Rowen, L., Kaur, A., Purcell, M.K., Smith, K., Hood, L., and Aderem, A., 2005, The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 102, no. 27, p. 9577-9582, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0502272102.","startPage":"9577","endPage":"9582","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477796,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1172252","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0502272102"},{"id":237427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babe8e4b08c986b323164","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roach, J.C.","contributorId":19362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glusman, G.","contributorId":82519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glusman","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowen, L.","contributorId":82915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowen","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaur, A.","contributorId":35532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaur","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Purcell, M. K.","contributorId":78464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, K.D.","contributorId":64003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hood, L.E.","contributorId":30026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aderem, A.","contributorId":41645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aderem","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70029616,"text":"70029616 - 2005 - Speciation and transport of newly deposited mercury in a boreal forest wetland: A stable mercury isotope approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T07:27:04","indexId":"70029616","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation and transport of newly deposited mercury in a boreal forest wetland: A stable mercury isotope approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>As part of the Mercury Experiment to Assess Atmospheric Loadings in Canada and the United States (METAALICUS) the fate and transport of contemporary mercury (Hg) deposition in a boreal wetland was investigated using an experimentally applied stable mercury isotope. We applied high purity (99.2% ± 0.1)&nbsp;</span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg(II) to a wetland plot to determine if (1) the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg was detectable above the pool of native Hg, (2) the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg migrated vertically and/or horizontally in peat and pore waters, and (3) the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg was converted to methylmercury (MeHg) in situ. The<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg was easily detected by ICP/MS in both solid peat and pore waters. Over 3 months, the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg migrated vertically downward in excess of 15 cm below the water table and traveled several meters horizontally beyond the experimental plot to the lake margin along the dominant vector of groundwater flow. Importantly, at one location, 6% of aqueous<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg was detected as Me</span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg after only 1 day. These results indicate that new inorganic Hg in atmospheric deposition can be readily methylated and transported lakeward by shallow groundwater flow, confirming the important role of wetlands as contributors of Hg to aquatic ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003219","usgsCitation":"Branfireun, B., Krabbenhoft, D., Hintelmann, H., Hunt, R.J., Hurley, J., and Rudd, J., 2005, Speciation and transport of newly deposited mercury in a boreal forest wetland: A stable mercury isotope approach: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 6, W06016; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003219.","productDescription":"W06016; 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477884,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003219","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94eae4b08c986b31acb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Branfireun, B.A.","contributorId":92843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branfireun","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hintelmann, H.","contributorId":64423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hintelmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rudd, J.W.M.","contributorId":45487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudd","given":"J.W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031333,"text":"70031333 - 2005 - A simulation of the hydrothermal response to the Chesapeake Bay bolide impact","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70031333","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1765,"text":"Geofluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simulation of the hydrothermal response to the Chesapeake Bay bolide impact","docAbstract":"Groundwater more saline than seawater has been discovered in the tsunami breccia of the Chesapeake Bay impact Crater. One hypothesis for the origin of this brine is that it may be a liquid residual following steam separation in a hydrothermal system that evolved following the impact. Initial scoping calculations have demonstrated that it is feasible such a residual brine could have remained in the crater for the 35 million years since impact. Numerical simulations have been conducted using the code HYDROTHERM to test whether or not conditions were suitable in the millennia following the impact for the development of a steam phase in the hydrothermal system. Hydraulic and thermal parameters were estimated for the bedrock underlying the crater and the tsunami breccia that fills the crater. Simulations at three different breccia permeabilities suggest that the type of hydrothermal system that might have developed would have been very sensitive to the permeability. A relatively low breccia permeability (1 ?? 10-16 m2) results in a system partitioned into a shallow water phase and a deeper superheated steam phase. A moderate breccia permeability (1 ?? 10-15 m2 ) results in a system with regionally extensive multiphase conditions. A relatively high breccia permeability (1 ?? 10-14 m2 ) results in a system dominated by warm-water convection cells. The permeability of the crater breccia could have had any of these values at given depths and times during the hydrothermal system evolution as the sediments compacted. The simulations were not able to take into account transient permeability conditions, or equations of state that account for the salt content of seawater. Results suggest, however, that it is likely that steam conditions existed at some time in the system following impact, providing additional evidence that is consistent with a hydrothermal origin for the crater brine. ?? Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geofluids","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-8123.2005.00110.x","issn":"14688115","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W., 2005, A simulation of the hydrothermal response to the Chesapeake Bay bolide impact: Geofluids, v. 5, no. 3, p. 185-201, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2005.00110.x.","startPage":"185","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212257,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2005.00110.x"},{"id":239718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e596e4b0c8380cd46e58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70029569,"text":"70029569 - 2005 - Atmospheric dry deposition in the vicinity of the Salton Sea, California - I: Air pollution and deposition in a desert environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029569","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric dry deposition in the vicinity of the Salton Sea, California - I: Air pollution and deposition in a desert environment","docAbstract":"Air pollutant concentrations and atmospheric dry deposition were monitored seasonally at the Salton Sea, southern California. Measurements of ozone (O 3), nitric acid vapor (HNO3), ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2) were performed using passive samplers. Deposition rates of NO 3-, NH4+, Cl-, SO 42-, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ to creosote bush branches and nylon filters as surrogate surfaces were determined for one-week long exposure periods. Maximum O3 values were recorded in spring with 24-h average values of 108.8 ??g m-3. Concentrations of NO and NO2 were low and within ranges of the non-urban areas in California (0.4-5.6 and 3.3-16.2 ??g m-3 ranges, respectively). Concentrations of HNO3 (2.0-6.7 ??g m-3) and NH 3 (6.4-15.7 ??g m-3) were elevated and above the levels typical for remote locations in California. Deposition rates of Cl-, SO42-, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ were related to the influence of sea spray or to suspended soil particles, and no strong enrichments caused by ions originated by human activities were detected. Dry deposition rates of NO3- and NH4+ were similar to values registered in areas where symptoms of nitrogen saturation and changes in species composition have been described. Deposition of nitrogenous compounds might be contributing to eutrophication processes at the Salton Sea. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.016","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Alonso, R., Bytnerowicz, A., and Boarman, W., 2005, Atmospheric dry deposition in the vicinity of the Salton Sea, California - I: Air pollution and deposition in a desert environment: Atmospheric Environment, v. 39, no. 26, p. 4671-4679, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.016.","startPage":"4671","endPage":"4679","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210684,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.016"},{"id":237679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec1e4b0c8380cd49f21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alonso, R.","contributorId":74190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alonso","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bytnerowicz, A.","contributorId":30027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bytnerowicz","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boarman, W.I.","contributorId":73523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029562,"text":"70029562 - 2005 - The distribution of phosphorus in Popes Creek, VA, and in the Pocomoke River, MD: Two watersheds with different land management practices in the Chesapeake Bay Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029562","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution of phosphorus in Popes Creek, VA, and in the Pocomoke River, MD: Two watersheds with different land management practices in the Chesapeake Bay Basin","docAbstract":"This paper compares phosphorus (P) concentrations in sediments from two watersheds, one with, and one without, intensive animal agriculture. The watersheds are in the coastal plain of the Chesapeake Bay and have similar physiographic characteristics. Agriculture in the Pocomoke River, MD, watershed supplied 2.7 percent of all broiler chickens produced in the USA in 1997. Poultry litter is an abundant, local source of manure for crops. Broiler chickens are not produced in the Popes Creek, VA, watershed and poultry manure is, therefore, not a major source of fertilizer. The largest concentrations of P in sediment samples are found in floodplain and main-stem bottom sediment in both watersheds. Concentrations of total P and P extracted with 1N HCl are significantly larger in main-stem bottom sediments from the Pocomoke River than in main-stem bottom sediments from Popes Creek. Larger concentrations of P are associated with what are potentially redox sensitive iron oxyhydroxides in sediment samples from the Pocomoke River watershed than are associated with what are potentially redox sensitive iron oxyhydroxides in sediment samples from the Popes Creek watershed. Data for P and iron (Fe) concentrations in sediments from the Popes Creek watershed provide a numerical framework (baseline) with which to compare P and Fe concentrations in sediment from the Pocomoke River watershed. ?? Springer 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11270-005-3024-5","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Simon, N., Bricker, O., Newell, W., McCoy, J., and Morawe, R., 2005, The distribution of phosphorus in Popes Creek, VA, and in the Pocomoke River, MD: Two watersheds with different land management practices in the Chesapeake Bay Basin: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 164, no. 1-4, p. 189-204, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-3024-5.","startPage":"189","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210629,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-3024-5"},{"id":237606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baad9e4b08c986b322a56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, N.S.","contributorId":103272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bricker, O.P.","contributorId":33717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"O.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newell, W.","contributorId":78535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCoy, J.","contributorId":16626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morawe, R.","contributorId":96077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morawe","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029557,"text":"70029557 - 2005 - Catch rates relative to angler party size with implications for monitoring angler success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029557","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Catch rates relative to angler party size with implications for monitoring angler success","docAbstract":"Angler catch rates often are used to monitor angler success, assess the need for additional management actions, and evaluate the effectiveness of management practices. Potential linkages between catch rate and angler party size were examined to assess how party size might affect the use of catch rate as an index of angler success in recreational fisheries. Data representing 22,355 completed interviews conducted at access points in lakes and reservoirs throughout Mississippi during 1987-2003 were analyzed. Total party catch was not proportional to total party effort; thus, catch rate decreased as party size increased. Depending on the taxa targeted, the average catch rate per angler decreased 40-50% between parties of one and parties of two, although subsequent decreases were less substantial. Because party size accounted for a considerable portion of the variability in catch rate over time and space, failure to remove this variability weakens the manager's ability to detect differences or changes in catch rates. Therefore, the use of catch rates to monitor fisheries may be inappropriate unless party size is taken into account. Party size may influence the angler's ability to catch fish through a variety of processes, including partitioning a limited number of catchable fish among members of a party and party composition. When catch rates are used to estimate total catch rather than to index angler success, party size is not a concern.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T04-171.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L., 2005, Catch rates relative to angler party size with implications for monitoring angler success: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 4, p. 1005-1010, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-171.1.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1010","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210570,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T04-171.1"}],"volume":"134","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3cbe4b0c8380cd4b979","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":58406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70029548,"text":"70029548 - 2005 - Time-dependent earthquake probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029548","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-dependent earthquake probabilities","docAbstract":"We have attempted to provide a careful examination of a class of approaches for estimating the conditional probability of failure of a single large earthquake, particularly approaches that account for static stress perturbations to tectonic loading as in the approaches of Stein et al. (1997) and Hardebeck (2004). We have loading as in the framework based on a simple, generalized rate change formulation and applied it to these two approaches to show how they relate to one another. We also have attempted to show the connection between models of seismicity rate changes applied to (1) populations of independent faults as in background and aftershock seismicity and (2) changes in estimates of the conditional probability of failures of different members of a the notion of failure rate corresponds to successive failures of different members of a population of faults. The latter application requires specification of some probability distribution (density function of PDF) that describes some population of potential recurrence times. This PDF may reflect our imperfect knowledge of when past earthquakes have occurred on a fault (epistemic uncertainty), the true natural variability in failure times, or some combination of both. We suggest two end-member conceptual single-fault models that may explain natural variability in recurrence times and suggest how they might be distinguished observationally. When viewed deterministically, these single-fault patch models differ significantly in their physical attributes, and when faults are immature, they differ in their responses to stress perturbations. Estimates of conditional failure probabilities effectively integrate over a range of possible deterministic fault models, usually with ranges that correspond to mature faults. Thus conditional failure probability estimates usually should not differ significantly for these models. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003405","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., Belardinelli, M., Cocco, M., and Reasenberg, P., 2005, Time-dependent earthquake probabilities: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 5, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003405.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210461,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003405"},{"id":237385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3b9e4b08c986b325f84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belardinelli, M.E.","contributorId":107464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belardinelli","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cocco, M.","contributorId":70128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cocco","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reasenberg, P.","contributorId":22913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029545,"text":"70029545 - 2005 - Assembling an ignimbrite: Compositionally defined eruptive packages in the 1912 Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes ignimbrite, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-02T11:10:44","indexId":"70029545","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assembling an ignimbrite: Compositionally defined eruptive packages in the 1912 Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes ignimbrite, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 1912 Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) ignimbrite was constructed from 9 compositionally distinct, sequentially emplaced packages, each with distinct proportions of rhyolite (R), dacite (D), and andesite (A) pumices that permit us to map package boundaries and flow paths from vent to distal extents. Changing pumice proportions and interbedding relationships link ignimbrite formation to coeval fall deposition during the first ∼16 h (Episode I) of the eruption. Pumice compositional proportions in the ignimbrite were estimated by counts on ≥100 lapilli at multiple levels in vertical sections wherever accessible and more widely over most of the ignimbrite surface in the VTTS. The initial, 100% rhyolite ignimbrite package (equivalent to regional fall Layer A and occupying ∼3.5 h) was followed by packages with increasing proportions of andesite, then dacite, emplaced over ∼12.5 h and equivalent to regional fall Layers B1-B3. Coeval fall deposits are locally intercalated with the ignimbrite and show parallel changes in R:D (rhyolite:dacite) proportions, but lack significant amounts of andesite. Andesite was thus dominantly a low-fountaining component in the eruption column and is preferentially represented in packages filling the VTTS north of the vent. The most extensive packages (3 and 4) occur in B1 and early B2 times where flow mobility and volume were optimized; earlier all-rhyolite flows (Package 1) were highly energetic but less voluminous, while later packages (5-9) were both less voluminous and emplaced at lower velocities. Package boundaries are expressed as one or more of the following: sharp color changes corresponding to compositional variations; persistent finer-grained basal parts of flow units; compaction swales filled by later packages; erosional channels cut by the flows that fill them; lobate accumulations of one package; and (mostly south of the vent) intercalated fall deposit layers. Clear flow-unit boundaries are best developed between ignimbrite of non-successive packages, indicating time breaks of tens of minutes to hours. Less well-defined stratification may represent rapidly emplaced successive flow units but often changes over short distances and indicates variations in localized depositional conditions.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25621.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Fierstein, J., and Wilson, C.J., 2005, Assembling an ignimbrite: Compositionally defined eruptive packages in the 1912 Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes ignimbrite, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 7-8, p. 1094-1107, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25621.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1094","endPage":"1107","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210849,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25621.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.7586669921875,\n              58.33184616335256\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35491943359375,\n              58.33184616335256\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35491943359375,\n              58.51234832198017\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.7586669921875,\n              58.51234832198017\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.7586669921875,\n              58.33184616335256\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edc5e4b0c8380cd499c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fierstein, J.","contributorId":67666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, C. J. N.","contributorId":22096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029543,"text":"70029543 - 2005 - Arsenic-bearing pyrite and marcasite in the Fire Clay coal bed, Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, eastern Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029543","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic-bearing pyrite and marcasite in the Fire Clay coal bed, Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, eastern Kentucky","docAbstract":"Arsenic concentrations determined on 11 lithotype samples from the Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Group Fire Clay coal bed, Leslie County, KY, range from 1 to 418 ppm (whole coal basis). The 11 lithotype samples, which vary in thickness from 4 to 18 cm, were sampled from a continuous 1.38 m channel sample, and were selected based on megascopic appearance (vitrain-rich versus attrital-rich). A lithotype that contains 418 ppm As is located near the top of the coal bed and is composed of 10.5 cm of bright clarain bands containing fusain that, within short distances, grade laterally into Fe sulfide bands. To determine the mode of occurrence of As in this lithotype, the coal was examined with scanning electron microscopy and analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Massive, framboidal, cell filling, cell-wall replacement, and radiating forms of Fe sulfide were observed in the high As lithotype; many of the radiating Fe sulfide forms, and one of the cell-wall replacements contained As. Examination of the grains with optical light microscopy shows that the majority of radiating morphologies are pyrite, the remainder are marcasite. Selected Fe sulfide grains were also analyzed by electron microprobe microscopy. Arsenic concentrations within individual grains range from 0.0 wt.% to approximately 3.5 wt.%. On the basis of morphology, these Fe sulfides are presumed to be of syngenetic origin and would probably be removed from the coal during physical coal cleaning, thus eliminating a potential source of As from the coal combustion process. However, because the grains are radiating and have high surface area, dissolution and release of As could occur if the pyrite is oxidized in refuse ponds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.003","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Ruppert, L., Hower, J., and Eble, C., 2005, Arsenic-bearing pyrite and marcasite in the Fire Clay coal bed, Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, eastern Kentucky: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 63, no. 1-2 SPEC. ISS., p. 27-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.003.","startPage":"27","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210822,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.003"},{"id":237856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1-2 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eda2e4b0c8380cd498fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029537,"text":"70029537 - 2005 - Compositional maps of Saturn's moon Phoebe from imaging spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029537","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional maps of Saturn's moon Phoebe from imaging spectroscopy","docAbstract":"The origin of Phoebe, which is the outermost large satellite of Saturn, is of particular interest because its inclined, retrograde orbit suggests that it was gravitationally captured by Saturn, having accreted outside the region of the solar nebula in which Saturn formed. By contrast, Saturn's regular satellites (with prograde, low-inclination, circular orbits) probably accreted within the sub-nebula in which Saturn itself formed. Here we report imaging spectroscopy of Phoebe resulting from the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft encounter on 11 June 2004. We mapped ferrous-iron-bearing minerals, bound water, trapped CO2, probable phyllosilicates, organics, nitriles and cyanide compounds. Detection of these compounds on Phoebe makes it one of the most compositionally diverse objects yet observed in our Solar System. It is likely that Phoebe's surface contains primitive materials from the outer Solar System, indicating a surface of cometary origin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature03558","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Brown, R.H., Jaumann, R., Cruikshank, D.P., Nelson, R., Buratti, B.J., McCord, T.B., Lunine, J., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Coradini, A., Formisano, V., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., Mennella, V., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Hoefen, T., Curchin, J.M., Hansen, G., Hibbits, K., and Matz, K., 2005, Compositional maps of Saturn's moon Phoebe from imaging spectroscopy: Nature, v. 435, no. 7038, p. 66-69, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03558.","startPage":"66","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210735,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03558"},{"id":237750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"435","issue":"7038","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f938e4b0c8380cd4d4e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lunine, J.","contributorId":42335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunine","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bibring, J.-P.","contributorId":86083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibring","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Langevin, Y.","contributorId":24900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Matson, D. L.","contributorId":59940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Mennella, V.","contributorId":88522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mennella","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Hoefen, T.M. 0000-0002-3083-5987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":18143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Curchin, J. M.","contributorId":37145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curchin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Hansen, G.","contributorId":30938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Hibbits, K.","contributorId":95240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbits","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Matz, K.-D.","contributorId":10596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matz","given":"K.-D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}}
,{"id":70029522,"text":"70029522 - 2005 - Response of seismicity to Coulomb stress triggers and shadows of the 1999 Mw=7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029522","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of seismicity to Coulomb stress triggers and shadows of the 1999 Mw=7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","docAbstract":"The correlation between static Coulomb stress increases and aftershocks has thus far provided the strongest evidence that stress changes promote seismicity, a correlation that the Chi-Chi earthquake well exhibits. Several studies have deepened the argument by resolving stress changes on aftershock focal mechanisms, which removes the assumption that the aftershocks are optimally oriented for failure. Here one compares the percentage of planes on which failure is promoted after the main shock relative to the percentage beforehand. For Chi-Chi we find a 28% increase for thrust and an 18% increase for strike-slip mechanisms, commensurate with increases reported for other large main shocks. However, perhaps the chief criticism of static stress triggering is the difficulty in observing predicted seismicity rate decreases in the stress shadows, or sites of Coulomb stress decrease. Detection of sustained drops in seismicity rate demands a long catalog with a low magnitude of completeness and a high seismicity rate, conditions that are met at Chi-Chi. We find four lobes with statistically significant seismicity rate declines of 40-90% for 50 months, and they coincide with the stress shadows calculated for strike-slip faults, the dominant faulting mechanism. The rate drops are evident in uniform cell calculations, 100-month time series, and by visual inspection of the M ??? 3 seismicity. An additional reason why detection of such declines has proven so rare emerges from this study: there is a widespread increase in seismicity rate during the first 3 months after Chi-Chi, and perhaps many other main shocks, that might be associated with a different mechanism. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003389","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ma, K., Chan, C., and Stein, R., 2005, Response of seismicity to Coulomb stress triggers and shadows of the 1999 Mw=7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 5, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003389.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210566,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003389"}],"volume":"110","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa67e4b0c8380cd862f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ma, K.-F.","contributorId":85371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"K.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chan, C.-H.","contributorId":18565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"C.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029510,"text":"70029510 - 2005 - Identifying spawning behavior in Pacific halibut (<i>Hippoglossus stenolepis</i>) using electronic tags","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T09:58:58","indexId":"70029510","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying spawning behavior in Pacific halibut (<i>Hippoglossus stenolepis</i>) using electronic tags","docAbstract":"<p>Identifying spawning behavior in Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis, is particularly challenging because they occupy a deep, remote environment during the spawning season. To identify spawning events, a method is needed in which direct observation by humans is not employed. Spawning behavior of seven other flatfish, species has been directly observed in their natural environment by investigators using SCUBA. All of these flatfish species display almost identical spawning behavior that follows a routine. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that this spawning behavior occurs in other flatfish species, including Pacific halibut. As part of a larger study, we recaptured two Pacific halibut on which Pop-up Archival Transmitting (PAT) tags had been attached during the winter spawning season. Because the tags were physically retrieved, we were able to collect minute-by-minute depth records for 135 and 155 days. We used these depth data to tentatively identify spawning events. On seven separate occasions between 20 January 2001 and 9 February 2001, one fish displayed a conspicuous routine only seen during the spawning season of Pacific halibut and the routine parallels the actions of other spawning flatfish directly observed by humans using SCUBA. Therefore, we propose this routine represents spawning behavior in Pacific halibut. The second tagged fish did not display the conspicuous routine, thus challenging the assumption that Pacific halibut are annual spawners. PAT tags may prove to be a useful tool for identifying spawning events of Pacific halibut, and that knowledge may be used for improved management in the future.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10641-005-3216-2","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Seitz, A., Norcross, B.L., Wilson, D., and Nielsen, J., 2005, Identifying spawning behavior in Pacific halibut (<i>Hippoglossus stenolepis</i>) using electronic tags: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 73, no. 4, p. 445-451, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-005-3216-2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"451","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210872,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-005-3216-2"}],"volume":"73","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3858e4b0c8380cd61534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seitz, A.C.","contributorId":71756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seitz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norcross, Brenda L.","contributorId":21497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norcross","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":423049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, D.","contributorId":30353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029506,"text":"70029506 - 2005 - Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California: Animations built on earthquake stress transfer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029506","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California: Animations built on earthquake stress transfer","docAbstract":"We develop a forecast model to reproduce the distibution of main shocks, aftershocks and surrounding seismicity observed during 1986-200 in a 300 ?? 310 km area centered on the 1992 M = 7.3 Landers earthquake. To parse the catalog into frames with equal numbers of aftershocks, we animate seismicity in log time increments that lengthen after each main shock; this reveals aftershock zone migration, expansion, and densification. We implement a rate/state algorithm that incorporates the static stress transferred by each M ??? 6 shock and then evolves. Coulomb stress changes amplify the background seismicity, so small stress changes produce large changes in seismicity rate in areas of high background seismicity. Similarly, seismicity rate declines in the stress shadows are evident only in areas with previously high seismicity rates. Thus a key constituent of the model is the background seismicity rate, which we smooth from 1981 to 1986 seismicity. The mean correlation coefficient between observed and predicted M ??? 1.4 shocks (the minimum magnitude of completeness) is 0.52 for 1986-2003 and 0.63 for 1992-2003; a control standard aftershock model yields 0.54 and 0.52 for the same periods. Four M ??? 6.0 shocks struck during the test period; three are located at sites where the expected seismicity rate falls above the 92 percentile, and one is located above the 75 percentile. The model thus reproduces much, but certainly not all, of the observed spatial and temporal seismicity, from which we infer that the decaying effect of stress transferred by successive main shocks influences seismicity for decades. Finally, we offer a M ??? 5 earthquake forecast for 2005-2015, assigning probabilities to 324 10 ?? 10 km cells.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003415","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., Stein, R., Richards-Dinger, K., and Bozkurt, S., 2005, Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California: Animations built on earthquake stress transfer: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 5, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003415.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477944,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003415","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210820,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003415"}],"volume":"110","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a131ce4b0c8380cd54512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, S.","contributorId":102228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards-Dinger, K.","contributorId":37125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards-Dinger","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bozkurt, S.B.","contributorId":14188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bozkurt","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029504,"text":"70029504 - 2005 - LogCauchy, log-sech and lognormal distributions of species abundances in forest communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029504","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"LogCauchy, log-sech and lognormal distributions of species abundances in forest communities","docAbstract":"Species-abundance (SA) pattern is one of the most fundamental aspects of biological community structure, providing important information regarding species richness, species-area relation and succession. To better describe the SA distribution (SAD) in a community, based on the widely used lognormal (LN) distribution model with exp(-x2) roll-off on Preston's octave scale, this study proposed two additional models, logCauchy (LC) and log-sech (LS), respectively with roll-offs of simple x-2 and e-x. The estimation of the theoretical total number of species in the whole community, S*, including very rare species not yet collected in sample, was derived from the left-truncation of each distribution. We fitted these three models by Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear regression and measured the model fit to the data using coefficient of determination of regression, parameters' t-test and distribution's Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test. Examining the SA data from six forest communities (five in lower subtropics and one in tropics), we found that: (1) on a log scale, all three models that are bell-shaped and left-truncated statistically adequately fitted the observed SADs, and the LC and LS did better than the LN; (2) from each model and for each community the S* values estimated by the integral and summation methods were almost equal, allowing us to estimate S* using a simple integral formula and to estimate its asymptotic confidence internals by regression of a transformed model containing it; (3) following the order of LC, LS, and LN, the fitted distributions became lower in the peak, less concave in the side, and shorter in the tail, and overall the LC tended to overestimate, the LN tended to underestimate, while the LS was intermediate but slightly tended to underestimate, the observed SADs (particularly the number of common species in the right tail); (4) the six communities had some similar structural properties such as following similar distribution models, having a common modal octave and a similar proportion of common species. We suggested that what follows the LN distribution should follow (or better follow) the LC and LS, and that the LC, LS and LN distributions represent a \"sequential distribution set\" in which one can find a best fit to the observed SAD. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.10.011","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Yin, Z., Peng, S., Ren, H., Guo, Q., and Chen, Z., 2005, LogCauchy, log-sech and lognormal distributions of species abundances in forest communities: Ecological Modelling, v. 184, no. 2-4, p. 329-340, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.10.011.","startPage":"329","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210793,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.10.011"},{"id":237819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"184","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4945e4b0c8380cd68498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Z.-Y.","contributorId":8278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Z.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peng, S.-L.","contributorId":85762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"S.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ren, H.","contributorId":45273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, Z.-H.","contributorId":57261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Z.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029498,"text":"70029498 - 2005 - Trends in hydrophobic organic contaminants in urban and reference lake sediments across the United States, 1970-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029498","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in hydrophobic organic contaminants in urban and reference lake sediments across the United States, 1970-2001","docAbstract":"A shift in national policy toward stronger environmental protection began in the United States in about 1970. Conversely, urban land use, population, energy consumption, and vehicle use have increased greatly since then. To assess the effects of these changes on water quality, the U.S. Geological Survey used sediment cores to reconstruct water-quality histories for38 urban and reference lakes across the United States. Cores were age-dated, and concentration profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorinated hydrocarbons were tested statistically. Significant trends in total DDT, p,p???-DDE, and total PCBs were all downward. Trends in chlordane were split evenly between upward and downward, and trends in PAHs were mostly upward. Significant trends did not occur in about one-half of cases tested. Concentrations of p,p???-DDE, p,p???-DDD, and PCBs were about one-half as likely to exceed the probable effect concentration (PEC), a sediment quality guideline, in sediments deposited in the 1990s as in 1965-1975, whereas PAHs were twice as likely to exceed the PEC in the more recently deposited sediments. Concentrations of all contaminants evaluated correlated strongly with urban land use. Upward trends in PAH concentrations, the strong association of PAH with urban settings, and rapid urbanization occurring in the United States suggest that PAHs could surpass chlorinated hydrocarbons in the threat they pose to aquatic biota in urban streams and lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0503175","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., and Mahler, B., 2005, Trends in hydrophobic organic contaminants in urban and reference lake sediments across the United States, 1970-2001: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 15, p. 5567-5574, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0503175.","startPage":"5567","endPage":"5574","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210732,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0503175"},{"id":237747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7eae4b08c986b327574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029492,"text":"70029492 - 2005 - A frictional population model of seismicity rate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029492","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A frictional population model of seismicity rate change","docAbstract":"We study models of seismicity rate changes caused by the application of a static stress perturbation to a population of faults and discuss our results with respect to the model proposed by Dieterich (1994). These models assume distribution of nucleation sites (e.g., faults) obeying rate-state frictional relations that fail at constant rate under tectonic loading alone, and predicts a positive static stress step at time to will cause an immediate increased seismicity rate that decays according to Omori's law. We show one way in which the Dieterich model may be constructed from simple general idead, illustratted using numerically computed synthetic seismicity and mathematical formulation. We show that seismicity rate change predicted by these models (1) depend on the particular relationship between the clock-advanced failure and fault maturity, (2) are largest for the faults closest to failure at to, (3) depend strongly on which state evolution law faults obey, and (4) are insensitive to some types of population hetrogeneity. We also find that if individual faults fail repeatedly and populations are finite, at timescales much longer than typical aftershock durations, quiescence follows at seismicity rate increase regardless of the specific frictional relations. For the examined models the quiescence duration is comparable to the ratio of stress change to stressing rate ????/??,which occurs after a time comparable to the average recurrence interval of the individual faults in the population and repeats in the absence of any new load may pertubations; this simple model may partly explain observations of repeated clustering of earthquakes. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003404","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., Reasenberg, P., Cocco, M., and Belardinelli, M., 2005, A frictional population model of seismicity rate change: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 5, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003404.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210627,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003404"},{"id":237603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3e4e4b0c8380cd462a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reasenberg, P.","contributorId":22913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cocco, M.","contributorId":70128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cocco","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belardinelli, M.E.","contributorId":107464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belardinelli","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029491,"text":"70029491 - 2005 - Ongoing hydrothermal heat loss from the 1912 ash-flow sheet, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-03T12:11:30","indexId":"70029491","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ongoing hydrothermal heat loss from the 1912 ash-flow sheet, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The June 1912 eruption of Novarupta filled nearby glacial valleys on the Alaska Peninsula with ash-flow tuff (ignimbrite), and post-eruption observations of thousands of steaming fumaroles led to the name ‘Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes’ (VTTS). By the late 1980s most fumarolic activity had ceased, but the discovery of thermal springs in mid-valley in 1987 suggested continued cooling of the ash-flow sheet. Data collected at the mid-valley springs between 1987 and 2001 show a statistically significant correlation between maximum observed chloride (Cl) concentration and temperature. These data also show a statistically significant decline in the maximum Cl concentration. The observed variation in stream chemistry across the sheet strongly implies that most solutes, including Cl, originate within the area of the VTTS occupied by the 1912 deposits. Numerous measurements of Cl flux in the Ukak River just below the ash-flow sheet suggest an ongoing heat loss of ∼250 MW. This represents one of the largest hydrothermal heat discharges in North America. Other hydrothermal discharges of comparable magnitude are related to heat obtained from silicic magma bodies at depth, and are quasi-steady on a multidecadal time scale. However, the VTTS hydrothermal flux is not obviously related to a magma body and is clearly declining. Available data provide reasonable boundary and initial conditions for simple transient modeling. Both an analytical, conduction-only model and a numerical model predict large rates of heat loss from the sheet 90 years after deposition.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.003","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Hogeweg, N., Keith, T.E., Colvard, E., and Ingebritsen, S.E., 2005, Ongoing hydrothermal heat loss from the 1912 ash-flow sheet, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 143, no. 4, p. 279-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210626,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.003"},{"id":237602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.49911499023438,\n              58.25389494584044\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.03494262695312,\n              58.25389494584044\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.03494262695312,\n              58.394515431160926\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.49911499023438,\n              58.394515431160926\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.49911499023438,\n              58.25389494584044\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"143","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e3fe4b0c8380cd7555e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogeweg, N.","contributorId":14187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogeweg","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, T. E. C.","contributorId":11681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colvard, E.M.","contributorId":83553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvard","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029490,"text":"70029490 - 2005 - Longer-term effects of selective thinning on microarthropod communities in a late-successional coniferous forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-09T20:37:28.06054","indexId":"70029490","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1536,"text":"Environmental Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longer-term effects of selective thinning on microarthropod communities in a late-successional coniferous forest","docAbstract":"<p><span>Microarthropod densities within late-successional coniferous forests thinned 16–41 yr before sampling were compared with adjacent unthinned stands to identify longer term effects of thinning on this community. Soil and forest floor layers were sampled separately on eight paired sites. Within the forest floor oribatid, mesostigmatid, and to a marginal extent, prostigmatid mites, were reduced in thinned stands compared with unthinned stands. No differences were found for Collembola in the forest floor or for any mite suborder within the soil. Family level examination of mesostigmatid and prostigmatid mites revealed significant differences between stand types for both horizons. At the species level, thinning influenced numerous oribatid mites and Collembola. For oribatid mites, significant or marginally significant differences were found for seven of 15 common species in the forest floor and five of 16 common species in soil. Collembola were affected less, with differences found for one of 11 common species in the forest floor and three of 13 common species in soil. Multivariate analysis of variance and ordination indicated that forest thinning had little influence on the composition of oribatid mite and collembolan communities within either the forest floor or soil. Differences in microclimate or in the accumulation of organic matter on the forest floor were likely most responsible for the observed patterns of abundance. Considering the role that microarthropods play in nutrient cycling, determining the functional response of a wide range of taxa to thinning may be important to effective ecosystem management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1603/0046-225X-34.3.646","usgsCitation":"Peck, R., and Niwa, C.G., 2005, Longer-term effects of selective thinning on microarthropod communities in a late-successional coniferous forest: Environmental Entomology, v. 34, no. 3, p. 646-655, https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-34.3.646.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"655","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225x-34.3.646","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Medford Resource Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.61566162109375,\n              42.05745022024682\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.38151550292969,\n              42.05745022024682\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.38151550292969,\n              42.24173542549948\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.61566162109375,\n              42.24173542549948\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.61566162109375,\n              42.05745022024682\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49b6e4b0c8380cd6881a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peck, Robert W. 0000-0002-8739-9493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-9493","contributorId":193088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peck","given":"Robert W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niwa, C. G.","contributorId":34315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niwa","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029482,"text":"70029482 - 2005 - River nutrient loads and catchment size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029482","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River nutrient loads and catchment size","docAbstract":"We have used a total of 496 sample sites to calibrate a simple regression model for calculating dissolved inorganic nutrient fluxes via runoff to the ocean. The regression uses the logarithms of runoff and human population as the independent variables and estimates the logarithms of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus loading with R 2 values near 0.8. This predictive capability is about the same as has been derived for total nutrient loading with process-based models requiring more detailed information on independent variables. We conclude that population and runoff are robust proxies for the more detailed application, landscape modification, and in-stream processing estimated by more process-based models. The regression model has then been applied to a demonstration data set of 1353 river catchments draining to the sea from the North American continent south of the Canadian border. The geographic extents of these basins were extracted from a 1-km digital elevation model for North America, and both runoff and population were estimated for each basin. Most of the basins (72% of the total) are smaller than 103 km2, and both runoff and population density are higher and more variable among small basins than among larger ones.While total load to the ocean can probably be adequately estimated from large systems only, analysis of the geographic distribution of nutrient loading requires consideration of the small basins, which can exhibit significant hydrologic and demographic heterogeneity between systems over their range even within the same geographic region. High-resolution regional and local analysis is necessary for environmental assessment and management. ?? Springer 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-004-6320-z","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.V., Swaney, D., Buddemeier, R., Scarsbrook, M., Weatherhead, M., Humborg, C., Eriksson, H., and Hannerz, F., 2005, River nutrient loads and catchment size: Biogeochemistry, v. 75, no. 1, p. 83-107, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-6320-z.","startPage":"83","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210511,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-6320-z"},{"id":237451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadb4e4b0c8380cd86f60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S. V.","contributorId":89284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swaney, D.P.","contributorId":68956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swaney","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scarsbrook, M.R.","contributorId":16212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scarsbrook","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weatherhead, M.A.","contributorId":55198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weatherhead","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Humborg, Christoph","contributorId":43964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humborg","given":"Christoph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eriksson, H.","contributorId":67280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eriksson","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hannerz, F.","contributorId":53154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannerz","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70029480,"text":"70029480 - 2005 - Solute transport and storage mechanisms in wetlands of the Everglades, south Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:52:48","indexId":"70029480","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute transport and storage mechanisms in wetlands of the Everglades, south Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>Solute transport and storage processes in wetlands play an important role in biogeochemical cycling and in wetland water quality functions. In the wetlands of the Everglades, there are few data or guidelines to characterize transport through the heterogeneous flow environment. Our goal was to conduct a tracer study to help quantify solute exchange between the relatively fast flowing water in the open part of the water column and much more slowly moving water in thick floating vegetation and in the pore water of the underlying peat. We performed a tracer experiment that consisted of a constant‐rate injection of a sodium bromide (NaBr) solution for 22 hours into a 3 m wide, open‐ended flume channel in Everglades National Park. Arrival of the bromide tracer was monitored at an array of surface water and subsurface samplers for 48 hours at a distance of 6.8 m downstream of the injection. A one‐dimensional transport model was used in combination with an optimization code to identify the values of transport parameters that best explained the tracer observations. Parameters included dimensions and mass transfer coefficients describing exchange with both short (hours) and longer (tens of hours) storage zones as well as the average rates of advection and longitudinal dispersion in the open part of the water column (referred to as the “main flow zone”). Comparison with a more detailed set of tracer measurements tested how well the model's storage zones approximated the average characteristics of tracer movement into and out of the layer of thick floating vegetation and the pore water in the underlying peat. The rate at which the relatively fast moving water in the open water column was exchanged with slowly moving water in the layer of floating vegetation and in sediment pore water amounted to 50 and 3% h</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, respectively. Storage processes decreased the depth‐averaged velocity of surface water by 50% relative to the water velocity in the open part of the water column. As a result, flow measurements made with other methods that only work in the open part of the water column (e.g., acoustic Doppler) would have overestimated the true depth‐averaged velocity by a factor of 2. We hypothesize that solute exchange and storage in zones of floating vegetation and peat pore water increase contact time of solutes with biogeochemically active surfaces in this heterogeneous wetland environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003507","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J.W., Saiers, J.E., and Newlin, J.T., 2005, Solute transport and storage mechanisms in wetlands of the Everglades, south Florida: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 5, Article W05009; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003507.","productDescription":"Article W05009; 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477753,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003507","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9254e4b08c986b319e4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saiers, James E.","contributorId":191842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saiers","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newlin, Jessica T.","contributorId":87214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newlin","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028030,"text":"70028030 - 2005 - Diagenesis and late-stage porosity development in the Pennsylvanian Strawn Formation, Val Verde basin, Texas, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T13:57:46.520547","indexId":"70028030","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":606,"text":"AAPG Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenesis and late-stage porosity development in the Pennsylvanian Strawn Formation, Val Verde basin, Texas, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Strawn Formation in the Trans-Pecos area of Texas was deposited during relative tectonic quiescence that prevailed before rapid infilling of the Val Verde Basin. It represents one of a series of backstepping carbonate ramps formed on the craton side of this foreland basin. Strawn Formation carbonate rocks in three cores - Conoco Anna McClung #3-1, Alex Mitchell S2-1R, and Creek Ranch #10-1 - show several shallowing-up ward sequences, each a few meters thick. The Creek Ranch core displays the deepest-water characteristics of the three cores; the lower part of this core is dominated by graded bedding. The Mitchell and McClung cores contain skeletal-rich carbonates. Both of these cores display characteristics of shallow-water bank or lagoonal environments. All three cores have approximately the same diagenetic history. Primary fluid inclusions indicate early porosity-occluding interparticle and mold-filling calcite precipitated from water with a narrow range of salinities. Modal salinities are that of seawater, but slightly lesser salinities (indicating mixing of seawater and meteoric water) and slightly greater salinities (indicating evaporative concentration of seawater) are also indicated. The influence of meteoric groundwater can be detected by stable-isotope analyses of the early cements at stratigraphic levels that correlate to the tops of the major shallowing-upward depositional sequences. However, subaerial exposure surfaces are not demonstrated in these cores but were likely to be present updip. Most porosity is cement-reduced vugs, dissolution-enlarged (and cement-reduced) molds (> 1/16 mm, < 4 mm), and fractures. Minor intraparticle, intercrystalline, and shelter porosity is also present. Reservoir porosity is caused by fracturing and a late-stage dissolution event. Dissolution in the Creek Ranch core is not as pronounced as in the other cores because of a dearth of skeletal material. Porous zones in the McClung and Mitchell cores are associated with open fractures spatially, which commonly interconnect with nearby molds and vugs. This complex porosity system occurred after stylolitization, as evidenced by \"cuticles\" of insoluble styloliticresidue thatbridge across small dissolution-enlarged fractures. Porosity detected by wireline logs therefore is mostly effective porosity. The open-fracture network may have been caused by thrusting of the Strawn Formation, most likely in Permian time. Late-stage cement reduction of porosity occurs in two stages-first by calcite spar, then saddle dolomite. These cements are unevenly distributed. Both of these cements contain primary oil-filled fluid inclusions. Homogenization temperatures of primary aqueous fluid inclusions in saddle dolomites indicate that the Strawn Formation has been subjected to a temperature of at least 136??C (roughly 45??C over present formation temperature), which correlates to a vitrinite reflectance equivalent of 1.22%. Homogenization temperatures, in conjunction with oxygen isotope compositions, indicate that fracture-filling calcite spars and the later saddle dolomites precipitated from isotopically positive fluids, which were probably connate waters that had undergone extensive rock-water interaction. These observations suggest that thrusting of carbonate shelf strata, in a proximal foreland setting, was responsible for creation of latestage fracture porosity. In turn, tectonic expulsion of undersaturated, heated, connate water into the Strawn Formation enhanced the porosity. As this expulsed water cooled, it reached saturation with respect to calcite and dolomite, and these cements partly filled the available porosity. These processes of reservoir creation might be expected in other proximal foreland settings.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Permo-carboniferous carbonate platforms and reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/pec.03.78.0333","usgsCitation":"Newell, K.D., Goldstein, R., and Burdick, C.J., 2005, Diagenesis and late-stage porosity development in the Pennsylvanian Strawn Formation, Val Verde basin, Texas, U.S.A: AAPG Memoir, v. 48, p. 333-350, https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.03.78.0333.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"350","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Val Verde basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.458740234375,\n              30.07860131571654\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.316162109375,\n              29.008140362978157\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.755859375,\n              29.036960648558267\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.54711914062499,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.085205078125,\n              30.996445897426373\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.810302734375,\n              30.770159115784214\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.854248046875,\n              30.259067203213018\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.458740234375,\n              30.07860131571654\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0094e4b0c8380cd4f7d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, K. David","contributorId":76074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldstein, R.H.","contributorId":18908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burdick, C. J.","contributorId":76124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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