{"pageNumber":"2593","pageRowStart":"64800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70029089,"text":"70029089 - 2005 - Processing of strong-motion accelerograms: Needs, options and consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029089","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processing of strong-motion accelerograms: Needs, options and consequences","docAbstract":"Recordings from strong-motion accelerographs are of fundamental importance in earthquake engineering, forming the basis for all characterizations of ground shaking employed for seismic design. The recordings, particularly those from analog instruments, invariably contain noise that can mask and distort the ground-motion signal at both high and low frequencies. For any application of recorded accelerograms in engineering seismology or earthquake engineering, it is important to identify the presence of this noise in the digitized time-history and its influence on the parameters that are to be derived from the records. If the parameters of interest are affected by noise then appropriate processing needs to be applied to the records, although it must be accepted from the outset that it is generally not possible to recover the actual ground motion over a wide range of frequencies. There are many schemes available for processing strong-motion data and it is important to be aware of the merits and pitfalls associated with each option. Equally important is to appreciate the effects of the procedures on the records in order to avoid errors in the interpretation and use of the results. Options for processing strong-motion accelerograms are presented, discussed and evaluated from the perspective of engineering application. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.10.007","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., and Bommer, J., 2005, Processing of strong-motion accelerograms: Needs, options and consequences: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 25, no. 2, p. 93-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.10.007.","startPage":"93","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210605,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.10.007"},{"id":237579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dc2e4b0c8380cd7edee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bommer, J.J.","contributorId":34316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bommer","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016396,"text":"1016396 - 2005 - Assessing mercury exposure and effects to American dippers in headwater streams near mining sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-09T20:27:46.8287","indexId":"1016396","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing mercury exposure and effects to American dippers in headwater streams near mining sites","docAbstract":"

To evaluate mercury (Hg) exposure and possible adverse effects of Hg on American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) reproduction, we collected eggs and nestling feathers and the larval/nymph form of three Orders of aquatic macroinvertebrates (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera = EPT) important in their diet from three major headwater tributaries of the upper Willamette River, Oregon in 2002. The Coast Fork Willamette River is contaminated with Hg due to historical cinnabar (HgS) mining at the Black Butte Mine; the Row River is affected by past gold-mining operations located within the Bohemia Mining District, where Hg was used in the amalgamation process to recover gold; and the Middle Fork Willamette River is the reference area with no known mining. Methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations (geometric mean) in composite EPT larvae (111.9 ng/g dry weight [dw] or 19.8 ng/g wet weight [ww]), dipper eggs (38.5 ng/g ww) and nestling feathers (1158 ng/g ww) collected from the Coast Fork Willamette were significantly higher than MeHg concentrations in EPT and dipper samples from other streams. Total mercury (THg) concentrations in surface sediments along the same Hg-impacted streams were investigated by others in 1999 (Row River tributaries) and 2002 (Coast Fork). The reported sediment THg concentrations paralleled our biological findings. Dipper breeding territories at higher elevations had fewer second clutches; however, dipper reproductive success along all streams (including the lower elevation and most Hg-contaminated Coast Fork), was judged excellent compared to other studies reviewed. Furthermore, MeHg concentrations in EPT samples from this study were well below dietary concentrations in other aquatic bird species, such as loons and ducks, reported to cause Hg-related reproductive problems. Our data suggest that either dipper feathers or EPT composites used to project MeHg concentrations in dipper feathers (with biomagnification factor of 10–20×) may be used, but with caution, to screen headwater streams for potential Hg-related effects on dippers. When actual feather concentrations or projected feather concentrations are equal to or lower than concentrations reported for the Coast Fork, dippers are expected to reproduce well (assuming adequate prey and suitable nest sites). When Hg concentrations are substantially higher, more detailed investigations may be required. Birds feeding almost exclusively on fish (e.g., osprey [Pandion haliaetus]) and usually found further downstream from the headwaters would not be adequately represented by dippers given the higher MeHg concentrations in fish resulting from biomagnification, compared to lower trophic level invertebrates.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-005-0023-7","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Kaiser, J.L., Packard, H.A., Grove, R.A., and Taft, M.R., 2005, Assessing mercury exposure and effects to American dippers in headwater streams near mining sites: Ecotoxicology, v. 14, no. 7, p. 709-725, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-005-0023-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"725","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.20617675781251,\n 43.43098253248489\n ],\n [\n -122.12951660156249,\n 43.43098253248489\n ],\n [\n -122.12951660156249,\n 43.967121395851485\n ],\n [\n -123.20617675781251,\n 43.967121395851485\n ],\n [\n -123.20617675781251,\n 43.43098253248489\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaiser, James L.","contributorId":57033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Packard, Heidi A.","contributorId":31727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packard","given":"Heidi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taft, Mike R.","contributorId":17959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taft","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1016397,"text":"1016397 - 2005 - Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T14:47:06","indexId":"1016397","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in western North America","docAbstract":"

An increase in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has been posited to be a potential factor in the decline of some amphibian population. This hypothesis has received support from laboratory and field experiments showing that current levels of UV-B can cause embryo mortality in some species, but little research has addressed whether UV-B is influencing the distribution of amphibian populations. We compared patterns of amphibian presence to site-specific estimates of UV-B dose at 683 ponds and lakes in Glacier, Olympic, and Sequoia–Kings Canyon National Parks. All three parks are located in western North America, a region with a concentration of documented amphibian declines. Site-specific daily UV-B dose was estimated using modeled and field-collected data to incorporate the effects of elevation, landscape, and water-column dissolved organic carbon. Of the eight species we examined (Ambystoma gracile, Ambystoma macrodactylum, Bufo boreas, Pseudacris regilla, Rana cascadae, Rana leuteiventris, Rana muscosa, Taricha granulosa), two species (T. granulosa and A. macrodactylum) had quadratic relationships with UV-B that could have resulted from negative UV-B effects. Both species were most likely to occur at moderate UV-B levels. Ambystoma macrodactylum showed this pattern only in Glacier National Park. Occurrence of A. macrodactylum increased as UV-B increased in Olympic National Park despite UV-B levels similar to those recorded in Glacier. We also found marginal support for a negative association with UV-B for P. regilla in one of the two parks where it occurred. We did not find evidence of a negative UV-B effect for any other species. Much more work is still needed to determine whether UV-B, either alone or in concert with other factors, is causing widespread population losses in amphibians.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1007/s10021-003-0033-3","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., Hossack, B., Knapp, R., Corn, P., Diamond, S.A., Trenham, P., and Fagre, D., 2005, Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in western North America: Ecosystems, v. 8, no. 5, p. 488-500, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0033-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"500","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Montana, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park, Olympic National Park, Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.98193359375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -118.564453125,\n 36.155617833818525\n ],\n [\n -118.27880859375001,\n 35.29943548054545\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -117.5537109375,\n 37.17782559332976\n ],\n [\n -118.85009765625,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -119.55322265624999,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -118.98193359375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.31030273437499,\n 48.151428143221224\n ],\n [\n -123.12377929687499,\n 48.011975126709956\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 47.71715357016648\n ],\n [\n -123.101806640625,\n 47.27177506640826\n ],\n [\n -123.98071289062499,\n 47.27177506640826\n ],\n [\n -124.31030273437499,\n 48.151428143221224\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.4500732421875,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -113.521728515625,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -113.2965087890625,\n 48.636538782610465\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 48.29781249243716\n ],\n [\n -112.69775390625,\n 48.00094957553023\n ],\n [\n -112.6483154296875,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -112.35717773437499,\n 47.19344533938295\n ],\n [\n -112.6483154296875,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -113.36242675781249,\n 47.08882558740757\n ],\n [\n -114.0435791015625,\n 47.14489748555398\n ],\n [\n -113.99414062499999,\n 47.99359789867388\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 48.40732607972984\n ],\n [\n -114.89501953124999,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -114.4500732421875,\n 48.980216985374994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f2eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, B. R.","contributorId":10756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knapp, R.A.","contributorId":87510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diamond, S. A.","contributorId":41382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamond","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Trenham, P.C.","contributorId":13197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trenham","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":2002817,"text":"2002817 - 2005 - High priority needs for range-wide monitoring of North American landbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T16:06:43","indexId":"2002817","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":407,"text":"Partners in Flight Technical Series","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"2","title":"High priority needs for range-wide monitoring of North American landbirds","docAbstract":"This document is an extension of work done for the Partners in Flight North American Landbird Conservation Plan (Rich et al. 2004). The Continental Plan reviewed conservation status of the 448 native landbird species that regularly breed in the United States and Canada. Two groups of species were identified as having high conservation importance: the PIF Watch List, made up of species for which there is conservation concern, and Stewardship Spices that are particularly characteristic of regional avifaunas. In addition, continental scale monitoring needs were identified for all species. Here we extend the monitoring needs aspect of the Plan, providing additional detail and suggesting the best means of filling the gaps in broad-scale, long-term trend monitoring. This analysis and report was compiled by the Partners in Flight (PIF) Science Committee as a contribution to current work by the North American Bird Conservation Initiative to assess the status of bird population monitoring in North America and to make recommendations for improvements.","language":"English","publisher":"Partners in Flight","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Dunn, E.H., Altman, B., Bart, J., Beardmore, C., Berlanga, H., Blancher, P., Butcher, G., Demarest, D., Dettmers, R., Hunter, W., Inigo-Elias, E.E., Panjabi, A., Pashley, D., Ralph, C., Rich, T., Rosenberg, K., Rustay, C., Ruth, J.M., and Will, T., 2005, High priority needs for range-wide monitoring of North American landbirds: Partners in Flight Technical Series 2, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350255,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.partnersinflight.org/resources/pif-tech-series/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c072","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunn, Erica H.","contributorId":35841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Altman, B.L.","contributorId":49078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altman","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bart, J.","contributorId":76272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beardmore, C.J.","contributorId":70882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beardmore","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berlanga, H.","contributorId":47057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlanga","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blancher, P.J.","contributorId":58730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blancher","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Butcher, G.S.","contributorId":94759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butcher","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Demarest, D.W.","contributorId":7805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demarest","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dettmers, R.","contributorId":19658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettmers","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hunter, W.C.","contributorId":22769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Inigo-Elias, Eduardo 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T.D.","contributorId":16124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rich","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rosenberg, K.V.","contributorId":8198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"K.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Rustay, C.M.","contributorId":106607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rustay","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Ruth, J. 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Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280–320-nm wavelengths) doses were estimated for 1024 wetlands in six national parks: Acadia (Acadia), Glacier (Glacier), Great Smoky Mountains (Smoky), Olympic (Olympic), Rocky Mountain (Rocky), and Sequoia/Kings Canyon (Sequoia). Estimates were made using ground-based UV-B data (Brewer spectrophotometers), solar radiation models, GIS tools, field characterization of vegetative features, and quantification of DOC concentration and spectral absorbance. UV-B dose estimates were made for the summer solstice, at a depth of 1 cm in each wetland. The mean dose across all wetlands and parks was 19.3 W-h m−2 (range of 3.4–32.1 W-h m−2). The mean dose was lowest in Acadia (13.7 W-h m−2) and highest in Rocky (24.4 W-h m−2). Doses were significantly different among all parks. These wetland doses correspond to UV-B flux of 125.0 μW cm−2 (range 21.4–194.7 μW cm−2) based on a day length, averaged among all parks, of 15.5 h. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a key determinant of water-column UV-B flux, ranged from 0.6 (analytical detection limit) to 36.7 mg C L−1 over all wetlands and parks, and reduced potential maximal UV-B doses at 1-cm depth by 1%–87 %. DOC concentration, as well as its effect on dose, was lowest in Sequoia and highest in Acadia (DOC was equivalent in Acadia, Glacier, and Rocky). Landscape reduction of potential maximal UV-B doses ranged from zero to 77% and was lowest in Sequoia. These regional differences in UV-B wetland dose illustrate the importance of considering all aspects of exposure in evaluating the potential impact of UV-B on aquatic organisms.

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D.","contributorId":46060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Breen, B.","contributorId":15169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dentenbeck, N.E.","contributorId":72773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dentenbeck","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tonnessen, K.","contributorId":77903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnessen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":1016384,"text":"1016384 - 2005 - Riparian communities associated with Pacific Northwest headwater streams: Assemblages, processes, and uniqueness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-25T15:58:55.076141","indexId":"1016384","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian communities associated with Pacific Northwest headwater streams: Assemblages, processes, and uniqueness","docAbstract":"

Riparian areas of large streams provide important habitat to many species and control many instream processes — but is the same true for the margins of small streams? This review considers riparian areas alongside small streams in forested, mountainous areas of the Pacific Northwest and asks if there are fundamental ecological differences from larger streams and from other regions and if there are consequences for management from any differences. In the moist forests along many small streams of the Pacific Northwest, the contrast between the streamside and upslope forest is not as strong as that found in drier regions. Small streams typically lack floodplains, and the riparian area is often constrained by the hillslope. Nevertheless, riparian-associated organisms, some unique to headwater areas, are found along small streams. Disturbance of hillslopes and stream channels and microclimatic effects of streams on the riparian area provide great heterogeneity in processes and diversity of habitats. The tight coupling of the terrestrial riparian area with the aquatic system results from the closed canopy and high edge-to-area ratio for small streams. Riparian areas of the temperate, conifer dominated forests of the Pacific Northwest provide a unique environment. Forest management guidelines for small streams vary widely, and there has been little evaluation of the local or downstream consequences of forest practices along small streams.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03778.x","usgsCitation":"Richardson, J.S., Naiman, R.J., Swanson, F., and Hibbs, D.E., 2005, Riparian communities associated with Pacific Northwest headwater streams: Assemblages, processes, and uniqueness: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 41, no. 4, p. 935-957, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03778.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"935","endPage":"957","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":401054,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03778.x"},{"id":134479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689e16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, John S.","contributorId":172517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naiman, Robert J.","contributorId":51147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naiman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Frederick J.","contributorId":224692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swanson","given":"Frederick J.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":324141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hibbs, David E.","contributorId":76587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbs","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1016381,"text":"1016381 - 2005 - Assessing uncertainty in ecological systems using global sensitivity analyses: A case example of simulated wolf reintroduction effects on elk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T15:13:57.872742","indexId":"1016381","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing uncertainty in ecological systems using global sensitivity analyses: A case example of simulated wolf reintroduction effects on elk","docAbstract":"

Often landmark conservation decisions are made despite an incomplete knowledge of system behavior and inexact predictions of how complex ecosystems will respond to management actions. For example, predicting the feasibility and likely effects of restoring top-level carnivores such as the gray wolf (Canis lupus) to North American wilderness areas is hampered by incomplete knowledge of the predator-prey system processes and properties. In such cases, global sensitivity measures, such as Sobol’ indices, allow one to quantify the effect of these uncertainties on model predictions. Sobol’ indices are calculated by decomposing the variance in model predictions (due to parameter uncertainty) into main effects of model parameters and their higher order interactions. Model parameters with large sensitivity indices can then be identified for further study in order to improve predictive capabilities. Here, we illustrate the use of Sobol’ sensitivity indices to examine the effect of parameter uncertainty on the predicted decline of elk (Cervus elaphus) population sizes following a hypothetical reintroduction of wolves to Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. The strength of density dependence acting on survival of adult elk and magnitude of predation were the most influential factors controlling elk population size following a simulated wolf reintroduction. In particular, the form of density dependence in natural survival rates and the per-capita predation rate together accounted for over 90% of variation in simulated elk population trends. Additional research on wolf predation rates on elk and natural compensations in prey populations is needed to reliably predict the outcome of predator–prey system behavior following wolf reintroductions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.042","usgsCitation":"Fieberg, J., and Jenkins, K.J., 2005, Assessing uncertainty in ecological systems using global sensitivity analyses: A case example of simulated wolf reintroduction effects on elk: Ecological Modelling, v. 187, p. 259-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.042.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"187","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6729f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fieberg, J.","contributorId":106070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fieberg","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2002807,"text":"2002807 - 2005 - Black Carp: Biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T10:33:25","indexId":"2002807","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":410,"text":"Special Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"32","title":"Black Carp: Biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish","docAbstract":"

This book is a detailed risk assessment and biological synopsis of the black carp, a large mollusk-eating cyprinid fish native to eastern Asia. A great deal of controversy surrounds the presence of this foreign fish in the United States. Most of those associated with the aquaculture industry view black carp as an important tool in controlling.

\n

Major subjects addressed are (1) taxonomy, description, and distinguishing characteristics of the species; (2) native distribution; (3) biology and natural history, with emphasis on diet and reproduction; (4) history of the species in world aquaculture; (5) history of introduction within and outside the United States; (6) use as a biological control control agent, including a review of digenetic trematodes and snail-borne parasites of special concern and methods used for control; (7) alternatives to the use of black carp; (8) environmental tolerance and potential geographic range; and (9) risks associated with its introduction. The book also includes substantial information on the other Chinese carp species, including bighead carp, silver carp, and grass carp.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Nico, L., Williams, J., and Jelks, H., 2005, Black Carp: Biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish: Special Publication 32, 337 pp.","productDescription":"337 pp.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":198122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/shop/x51032xm"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db611fbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jelks, H.L. 0000-0002-0672-6297","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-6297","contributorId":12000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelks","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016376,"text":"1016376 - 2005 - Monitoring temporal change in riparian vegetation of Great Basin National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T14:01:06","indexId":"1016376","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring temporal change in riparian vegetation of Great Basin National Park","docAbstract":"

Disturbance in riparian areas of semiarid ecosystems involves complex interactions of pulsed hydrologic flows, herbivory, fire, climatic effects, and anthropogenic influences. We resampled riparian vegetation within ten 10-m × 100-m plots that were initially sampled in 1992 in 4 watersheds of the Snake Range, east central Nevada. Our finding of significantly lower coverage of grasses, forbs, and shrubs within plots in 2001 compared with 1992 was not consistent with the management decision to remove livestock grazing from the watersheds in 1999. Change over time in cover of life-forms or bare ground was not predicted by scat counts within plots in 2001. Cover results were also not well explained by variability between the 2 sampling periods in either density of native herbivores or annual precipitation. In contrast, Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) exhibited reduced abundance at all but the highest-elevation plot in which it occurred in 1992, and the magnitude of change in abundance was strongly predicted by plot elevation. Abundance of white fir (Abies concolor) individuals increased while aspen (Populus tremuloides) individuals decreased at 4 of 5 sites where they were sympatric, and changes in abundance in the 2 species were negatively correlated across those sites. Utility of monitoring data to detect change over time and contribute to adaptive management will vary with sample size, observer bias, use of repeatable or published methods, and precision of measurements, among other factors.

","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, Utah","usgsCitation":"Beever, E.A., Pyke, D.A., Chambers, J., Landau, F., and Smith, S., 2005, Monitoring temporal change in riparian vegetation of Great Basin National Park: Western North American Naturalist, v. 65, no. 3, p. 382-402.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"382","endPage":"402","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14857,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://fresc.usgs.gov/products/papers/1389_Beever.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"1180.000000000000000"}],"country":"United 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chambers, Jeanne C.","contributorId":75889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jeanne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landau, 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have typically focused on either a landscapea??s capacity for richness (equilibrium models), or on the processes that regulate competitive exclusion, and thus allow species to coexist (nonequilibrium models). Here, we review the concepts and purposes of a hierarchical, multiscale model of the controls of plant diversity that incorporates the equilibrium model of climatic favorability at macroscales, nonequilibrium models of competition at microscales, and a mixed model emphasizing environmental heterogeneity at mesoscales.\r\n\r\nWe evaluate the conceptual model using published data from three spatially nested datasets: (1) a macroscale analysis of ecoregions in the continental and western U.S.; (2) a mesoscale study in California; and (3) a microscale study in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon and California. At the macroscale (areas from 3889 km2 to 638,300 km2), climate (actual evaporation) was a strong predictor of tree diversity (R2 = 0.80), as predicted by the conceptual model, but area was a better predictor for vascular plant diversity overall (R2 = 0.38), which suggests different types of plants differ in their sensitivity to climatic controls. At mesoscales (areas from 1111 km2 to 15,833 km2 ), climate was still an important predictor of richness (R2 = 0.52), but, as expected, topographic heterogeneity explained an important share of the variance (R2 = 0.19), showed positive correlations with diversity of trees, shrubs, and annual and perennial herbs, and was the primary predictor of shrub and annual plant species richness. At microscales (0.1 ha plots), spatial patterns of diversity showed a clear unimodal pattern along a climatea??driven productivity gradient and a negative relationship with soil fertility. The strong decline in understory and total diversity at the most productive sites suggests that competitive controls, as predicted, can override climatic controls at this scale.\r\n\r\nWe conclude that this hierarchical, multiscale model provides a sound basis to understand and analyze plant species diversity. Specifically, future research should employ the principles in this paper to explore climatic controls on species richness of different life forms, better quantify environmental heterogeneity in landscapes, and analyze how these largea??scale factors interact with local nonequilibrium dynamics to maintain plant diversity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quarterly Review of Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sarr, D., Hibbs, D., and Huston, M., 2005, A hierarchical perspective of plant diversity: The Quarterly Review of Biology, v. 80, no. 2, p. 187-212.","productDescription":"p. 187-212","startPage":"187","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarr, Daniel","contributorId":71148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarr","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hibbs, D.E.","contributorId":12435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbs","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huston, M.","contributorId":58612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huston","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2000154,"text":"2000154 - 2005 - Planning for bird conservation: a tale of two models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-22T08:07:42","indexId":"2000154","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"GTR-PSW-191","title":"Planning for bird conservation: a tale of two models","docAbstract":"Planning for bird conservation has become increasingly reliant on remote sensing, geographical information systems, and, especially, models used to predict the occurrence of bird species as well as their density and demographics. We address the role of such tools by contrasting two models used in bird conservation. One, the Mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos) productivity model, is very detailed, mechanistic, and based on an enormous body of research. The Mallard model has been extensively used with success to guide management efforts for Mallards and certain other species of ducks. The other model, the concept of Bird Conservation Areas, is more simple, less mechanistic, and less well-grounded in research. This concept proposes that large patches of suitable habitat in a proper landscape will be adequate to maintain populations of birds. The Bird Conservation Area concept recently has been evaluated in the northern tallgrass prairie, where its fundamental assumptions have been found not to hold consistently. We argue that a more comprehensive understanding of the biology of individual species, and how they respond to habitat features, will be essential before we can use remotely sensed information and geographic information system products with confidence.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird conservation implementation and integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","publisherLocation":"Albany, CA","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., and Winter, M., 2005, Planning for bird conservation: a tale of two models: General Technical Report GTR-PSW-191, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1205","endPage":"1212","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11921,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr191/psw_gtr191_1205-1212_johnson.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winter, Maiken","contributorId":174790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Maiken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016414,"text":"1016414 - 2005 - The value of agricultural wetlands as invertebrate resources for wintering shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:23:20","indexId":"1016414","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The value of agricultural wetlands as invertebrate resources for wintering shorebirds","docAbstract":"

Agricultural landscapes have received little recognition for the food resources they provide to wintering waterbirds. In the Willamette Valley of Oregon, modest yet significant populations of wintering shorebirds (Charadriiformes) regularly use hundreds of dispersed wetlands on agricultural lands. Benthic invertebrates are a critical resource for the survival of overwintering shorebirds, yet the abundance of invertebrate resources in agricultural wetlands such as these has not been quantified. To evaluate the importance of agricultural wetlands to a population of wintering shorebirds, the density, biomass, and general community composition of invertebrates available to birds were quantified at a sample of Willamette Valley sites during a wet (1999–2000) and a dry winter (2000–2001). Invertebrate densities ranged among wetlands from 173 to 1925 (mean ± S.E.: 936 ± 106) individuals/m2 in the wet winter, and from 214 to 3484 (1028 ± 155) individuals/m2 in the dry winter. Total invertebrate estimated biomass among wetlands ranged from 35 to 652 (mean ± S.E.: 364 ± 35) mg/m2 in the wet winter, and from 85 to 1405 (437 ± 62) mg/m2 in the dry winter. These estimates for food abundance were comparable to that observed in some other important freshwater wintering regions in North America.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2005.04.012","usgsCitation":"Taft, O.W., and Haig, S.M., 2005, The value of agricultural wetlands as invertebrate resources for wintering shorebirds: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 110, no. 3-4, p. 249-256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.04.012.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb23e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taft, Oriane W.","contributorId":34883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taft","given":"Oriane","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016368,"text":"1016368 - 2005 - Observations of Interspecific amplexus between western North American ranid frogs and the introduced American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and an hypothesis concerning breeding interference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-03T15:40:45.542067","indexId":"1016368","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of Interspecific amplexus between western North American ranid frogs and the introduced American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and an hypothesis concerning breeding interference","docAbstract":"

Introduced American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) come in contact with native amphibians on four continents and are well established in lowlands of western North America. To date, research on the effects of introduced bullfrogs on native frogs has focused on competition and predation, and is based largely on larval interactions. We present observations of interspecific amplexus between bullfrogs and two native ranid frogs (R. aurora and R. pretiosa) from six sites across the Pacific Northwest that imply that this interaction is more widespread than currently recognized. Our observations indicate that R. catesbeiana juveniles and subadults in this region are of appropriate size to elicit marked amplectic responses from males of both native species. Our literature review suggests that greater opportunity may exist for pairings between R. catesbeiana and native R. aurora or R. pretiosa than among syntopic native ranids in western North America. We hypothesize that interspecific amplexus with introduced R. catesbeiana could result in reproductive interference with negative demographic consequences in native ranid populations that have been reduced or altered by other stressors.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0126:OOIABW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pearl, C., Hayes, M., Haycock, R., Engler, J.D., and Bowerman, J., 2005, Observations of Interspecific amplexus between western North American ranid frogs and the introduced American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and an hypothesis concerning breeding interference: American Midland Naturalist, v. 154, no. 1, p. 126-134, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0126:OOIABW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69653a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":84316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, M.P.","contributorId":56174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haycock, Russ","contributorId":22735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haycock","given":"Russ","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engler, Joseph D.","contributorId":69943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engler","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowerman, Jay","contributorId":57024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowerman","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1016367,"text":"1016367 - 2005 - Evidence of decline for Bufo boreas and Rana luteiventris in and around the northern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:41","indexId":"1016367","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":697,"text":"Alytes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of decline for Bufo boreas and Rana luteiventris in and around the northern Great Basin","docAbstract":"A method is described for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds in tissue samples. Cleanup by hexane-aceto-nitrile partitioning and Florisil column chromatography are performed on samples before oxidative treatment to convert DDE to DCBP. PCB components are then determined semi-quantitatively by TLC. No prior separation of PCB from chlorinated pesticides is required. The lower limit of sensitivity is 0.2 ?g.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alytes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wente, W., Adams, M.J., and Pearl, C., 2005, Evidence of decline for Bufo boreas and Rana luteiventris in and around the northern Great Basin: Alytes, v. 22, no. 3-4, p. 95-108.","productDescription":"p. 95-108","startPage":"95","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af1e4b07f02db6917a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wente, W.","contributorId":12425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wente","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":84316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016362,"text":"1016362 - 2005 - Population size and trend of Yellow-billed Loons in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T15:25:29.623858","indexId":"1016362","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population size and trend of Yellow-billed Loons in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"

The Yellow-billed Loon (Gavia adamsii) is of conservation concern due to its restricted range, small population size, specific habitat requirements, and perceived threats to its breeding and wintering habitat. Within the U.S., this species breeds almost entirely within the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska, nearly all of which is open, or proposed to be opened, for oil development. Rigorous estimates of Yellow-billed Loon population size and trend are lacking but essential for informed conservation. We used two annual aerial waterfowl surveys, conducted 1986–2003 and 1992–2003, to estimate population size and trend on northern Alaskan breeding grounds. In estimating population trend, we used mixed-effects regression models to reduce bias and sampling error associated with improvement in observer skill and annual effects of spring phenology. The estimated population trend on Alaskan breeding grounds since 1986 was near 0 with an estimated annual change of−0.9% (95% CI of−3.6% to +1.8%). The estimated population size, averaged over the past 12 years and adjusted by a correction factor based on an intensive, lake-circling, aerial survey method, was 2221 individuals (95% CI of 1206–3235) in early June and 3369 individuals (95% CI of 1910–4828) in late June. Based on estimates from other studies of the proportion of loons nesting in a given year, it is likely that <1000 nesting pairs inhabit northern Alaska in most years. The highest concentration of Yellow-billed Loons occurred between the Meade and Ikpikpuk Rivers; and across all of northern Alaska, 53% of recorded sightings occurred within 12% of the area.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/107.2.289","usgsCitation":"Earnst, S.L., Stehn, R., Platte, R., Larned, W.W., and Mallek, E.J., 2005, Population size and trend of Yellow-billed Loons in northern Alaska: Condor, v. 107, p. 289-304, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.2.289.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 68.6885206018014\n ],\n [\n -141.416015625,\n 68.6885206018014\n ],\n [\n -141.416015625,\n 71.24435551310674\n ],\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 71.24435551310674\n ],\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 68.6885206018014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earnst, Susan L. susan_earnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":4446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"Susan","email":"susan_earnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehn, Robert A","contributorId":216354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehn","given":"Robert A","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":324082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Platte, Robert","contributorId":105680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platte","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larned, William W.","contributorId":75206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larned","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mallek, Edward J.","contributorId":103964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallek","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1016359,"text":"1016359 - 2005 - Available nitrogen: A time-based study of manipulated resource islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T19:47:39","indexId":"1016359","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Available nitrogen: A time-based study of manipulated resource islands","docAbstract":"

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of available nitrogen are critical determinants of the distribution and abundance of plants and animals in ecosystems. Evidence for the resource island theory suggests that soils below tree and shrub canopies contain higher amounts of resources, including available nitrogen, than are present in interspace areas. Disturbances, such as prescribed fire and tree removal, are common management practices in shrub-woodland ecosystems, but it is not known if these practices affect resource islands. We examined temporal variation in resource islands of available nitrogen and their retention after fire and woody plant removal. From August 1997 to October 1998, soil nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) were measured monthly from canopy and interspace plots within four juniper-sagebrush sites along a precipitation gradient in central Oregon, USA. At each site, soil samples were collected from untreated plots, plots in which woody plants were removed, and those treated with prescribed fire in fall 1997. In burned treatments, canopy concentrations were significantly higher than interspace concentrations throughout the measurement period. Canopy NO3− and NH4+ concentrations were significantly higher on burned vs. unburned treatments for four months after fire. After woody plant removal, NO3− and NH4+ concentrations did not differ from the controls. Untreated control areas had higher NO3− and NH4+ concentrations under juniper canopies for nearly all months. Wetter sites had smaller differences between canopy and interspace concentrations through time than did the two drier sites. In relation to NO3− and NH4+ in this ecosystem, resource islands appear to be more ephemeral in wetter sites, and more pronounced following fire disturbances than in controls or those treated by woody plant removal.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11104-004-1306-0","usgsCitation":"Stubbs, M.M., and Pyke, D.A., 2005, Available nitrogen: A time-based study of manipulated resource islands: Plant and Soil, v. 270, no. 1, p. 123-133, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-1306-0.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"270","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656bba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stubbs, Michelle M.","contributorId":15165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stubbs","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016470,"text":"1016470 - 2005 - The role of fire in shaping avian communities in sagebrush ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:40","indexId":"1016470","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of fire in shaping avian communities in sagebrush ecosystems","docAbstract":"Four experiments were conducted to examine the riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid and choline requirements of young Bobwhite quail. Quail fed purified diets deficient in either riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid or choline grew poorly and high mortality occurred by 5 weeks of age. Under the conditions of these experiments, it was found that: (1) young quail require approximately 3.8 mg. riboflavin/kg. diet for satisfactory growth and survival; (2) no more than 31 mg. niacin/kg. diet are required for normal growth and survival of young quail; (3) the requirement for pantothenic acid is higher than has previously been reported, quail in these studies requiring 12.6 mg. pantothenic acid/kg. feed for growth and survival; and (4) the requirement for choline for reducing mortality is approximately 1000 mg./kg., while the amount necessary for normal growth of young quail is no greater than 1500 mg./kg. when the diet contains ample amounts of methionine. Quail fed a niacin-deficient diet developed stiff, shortened feathers and an erythema about the head; those receiving a riboflavin-deficient ration developed enlarged hocks and bowed legs, as did quail fed diets low or devoid of choline. Aside from slow growth, poor feathering was the only other indication that a deficient diet was being fed when quail were placed on a basal ration without pantothenic acid for five weeks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Holmes, A., Knick, S.T., and Miller, R., 2005, The role of fire in shaping avian communities in sagebrush ecosystems: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 30, p. 63-75.","productDescription":"p.63-75","startPage":"63","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c8e4b07f02db541d52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Aaron","contributorId":48144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R.F.","contributorId":83882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016353,"text":"1016353 - 2005 - A complete species census and evidence for regional declines in piping plovers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T14:23:59.91057","indexId":"1016353","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A complete species census and evidence for regional declines in piping plovers","docAbstract":"

Complete population estimates for widely distributed species are rarely possible. However, for the third time in 10 years, an International Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) Breeding and Winter Census was conducted throughout the species range in 2001. Nearly 1,400 participants from 32 U.S. states and Puerto Rico; 9 Canadian provinces; St. Pierre and Miquelon, France; Cuba; and the Bahamas visited 2,244 sites covering 11,836 km of shoreline habitat. During the winter census, 2,389 piping plovers were observed at 33.5% of potentially occupied sites (n = 352). Of these, 56.8% had ≤ 10 birds present. The breeding census recorded 5,945 adults at 777 of 1,892 sites surveyed. More than 80% of sites with piping plovers present had ≤ 10 birds. Results indicated an 8.4% increase from 1991 but only a 0.2% increase since 1996. Regional trends suggest that since 1991, number of breeding birds increased on the Atlantic Coast by 78% (2,920 birds; 12.4% increase since 1996) and by 80% in the Great Lakes (72 birds; 50% increase since 1996). However, plovers declined 15% (2,953 birds; 10% decline since 1996) in Prairie Canada/U.S. northern Great Plains. Subregional trends since 1991 reflect a 32.4% decline in Prairie Canada (972 birds; 42.4% decline since 1996), a 2.5% decline in the U.S. northern Great Plains (1,981 birds; 24% increase since 1996), 5.5% decline in eastern Canada (481 birds; 14% increase since 1996), although a 66.2% increase on the U.S. Atlantic Coast (2,430 birds; 12% since 1996). While numbers were down in much of the U.S. northern Great Plains since 1996, an increase (460%, 1,048 birds; 67.7% increase since 1991) was detected on the Missouri River. Results from 3 complete species census efforts provide essential data for conservation planning and assessment and illustrate the utility of global censuses for species of concern.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069%3C0160:ACSCAE%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Haig, S.M., Ferland, C.L., Cuthbert, F.J., Dingledine, J., Goossen, J.P., Hecht, A., and McPhillips, N., 2005, A complete species census and evidence for regional declines in piping plovers: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 1, p. 160-173, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069%3C0160:ACSCAE%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd49a8e4b0b290850ef50c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferland, C. L.","contributorId":102842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferland","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuthbert, Francesca J.","contributorId":267171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cuthbert","given":"Francesca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dingledine, J.","contributorId":43728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dingledine","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goossen, J. P.","contributorId":32890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goossen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hecht, A.","contributorId":99525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hecht","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McPhillips, N.","contributorId":67478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McPhillips","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1016349,"text":"1016349 - 2005 - Short-term responses of desert soil and vegetation to removal of feral burros and domestic cattle (California)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T16:03:49","indexId":"1016349","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term responses of desert soil and vegetation to removal of feral burros and domestic cattle (California)","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","usgsCitation":"Beever, E.A., and Pyke, D.A., 2005, Short-term responses of desert soil and vegetation to removal of feral burros and domestic cattle (California): Ecological Restoration, v. 23, no. 4, p. 279-280.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"280","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3edd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194196,"text":"70194196 - 2005 - Environmental stresses and skeletal deformities in fish from the Willamette River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T10:38:29","indexId":"70194196","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental stresses and skeletal deformities in fish from the Willamette River, Oregon","docAbstract":"

The Willamette River, one of 14 American Heritage Rivers, flows through the most densely populated and agriculturally productive region of Oregon. Previous biological monitoring of the Willamette River detected elevated frequencies of skeletal deformities in fish from certain areas of the lower (Newberg pool [NP], rivermile [RM] 26−55) and middle (Wheatland Ferry [WF], RM 72−74) river, relative to those in the upper river (Corvallis [CV], RM 125−138). The objective of this study was to determine the likely cause of these skeletal deformities. In 2002 and 2003, deformity loads in Willamette River fishes were 2−3 times greater at the NP and WF locations than at the CV location. There were some differences in water quality parameters between the NP and CV sites, but they did not readily explain the difference in deformity loads. Concentrations of bioavailable metals were below detection limits (0.6−1 μg/L). Concentrations of bioavailable polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides were generally below 0.25 ng/L. Concentrations of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were generally less than 5 ng/L. Concentrations of most persistent organic pollutants were below detection limits in ovary/oocyte tissue samples and sediments, and those that were detected were not significantly different among sites. Bioassay of Willamette River water extracts provided no evidence that unidentified compounds or the complex mixture of compounds present in the extracts could induce skeletal deformities in cyprinid fish. However, metacercariae of a digenean trematode were directly associated with a large percentage of deformities detected in two Willamette River fishes, and similar deformities were reproduced in laboratory fathead minnows exposed to cercariae extracted from Willamette River snails. Thus, the weight of evidence suggests that parasitic infection, not chemical contaminants, was the primary cause of skeletal deformities observed in Willamette River fish.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es048570c","usgsCitation":"Villeneuve, D.L., Curtis, L.R., Jenkins, J., Warner, K.E., Tilton, F., Kent, M., Watral, V.G., Cunningham, M.E., Markle, D.F., Sethajintanin, D., Krissanakriangkrai, O., Johnson, E.R., and Grove, R., 2005, Environmental stresses and skeletal deformities in fish from the Willamette River, Oregon: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 10, p. 3495-3506, https://doi.org/10.1021/es048570c.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3495","endPage":"3506","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","volume":"39","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a611697e4b06e28e9c258ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villeneuve, Daniel L.","contributorId":32091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villeneuve","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13485,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curtis, Lawrence R.","contributorId":118469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curtis","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenkins, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":98279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warner, Kara E.","contributorId":177381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warner","given":"Kara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tilton, Fred","contributorId":89534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tilton","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kent, Michael L.","contributorId":108420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watral, Virginia G.","contributorId":55240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watral","given":"Virginia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cunningham, Michael E.","contributorId":61465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Markle, Douglas F.","contributorId":14530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markle","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sethajintanin, Doolalai","contributorId":77884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sethajintanin","given":"Doolalai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Krissanakriangkrai, Oraphin","contributorId":29267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krissanakriangkrai","given":"Oraphin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Johnson, Eugene R.","contributorId":54400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Grove, Robert","contributorId":172512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":1016386,"text":"1016386 - 2005 - The influence of forest management on headwater stream amphibians at multiple spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T15:05:46.926121","indexId":"1016386","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of forest management on headwater stream amphibians at multiple spatial scales","docAbstract":"

Understanding how habitat structure at multiple spatial scales influences vertebrates can facilitate development of effective conservation strategies, but until recently most studies have focused on habitat relationships only at fine or intermediate scales. In particular, patterns of amphibian occurrence across broad spatial scales are not well studied, despite recent concerns over regional and global declines. We examined habitat relationships of larval and neotenic Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus), larval and adult Pacific tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei) (hereafter “tailed frogs”), and torrent salamanders (Rhyacotriton spp.) at three spatial scales (2-m sample unit, intermediate, and drainage). In 1998 and 1999, we captured 1568 amphibians in 702 sample units in 16 randomly chosen drainages in the Oregon Coast Range. We examined species–habitat associations at each spatial scale using an information-theoretic approach of analysis to rank sets of logistic regression models developed a priori. At the 2-m sample unit scale, all groups were negatively associated with proportion of small substrate and positively associated with stream width or elevation. At the intermediate scale, Pacific giant salamanders, adult tailed frogs, and torrent salamanders were positively associated with presence of a 46-m band of forested habitat on each side of the stream, and larval tailed frogs were positively associated with presence of forest >105 years old. Aspect was important for Pacific giant salamanders and larval tailed frogs at the intermediate scale. At the drainage scale, all groups except torrent salamanders were positively associated with proportion of stream length having forested bands >46 m in width, but further analysis suggests narrower bands may provide adequate protection for some groups. Population- and community-level responses at broad spatial scales may be reflected in species-level responses at fine spatial scales, and our results suggest that geophysical and ecological characteristics, as well as measures of instream habitat, can be used together to prioritize conservation emphasis areas for stream amphibians in managed landscapes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/03-5195","usgsCitation":"Stoddard, M., and Hayes, J.P., 2005, The influence of forest management on headwater stream amphibians at multiple spatial scales: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 3, p. 811-823, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5195.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"823","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoddard, M.","contributorId":53354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoddard","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, J. P.","contributorId":42565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016375,"text":"1016375 - 2005 - Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). Chytridiomycosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T19:34:33","indexId":"1016375","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). Chytridiomycosis","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Pearl, C., and Green, D.E., 2005, Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). Chytridiomycosis: Herpetological Review, v. 36, no. 6, p. 305-306.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"306","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649585","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":84316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, D. E. 0000-0002-7663-1832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-1832","contributorId":58971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016413,"text":"1016413 - 2005 - Microclimate and nest-site selection in Micronesian Kingfishers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T15:34:36","indexId":"1016413","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microclimate and nest-site selection in Micronesian Kingfishers","docAbstract":"We studied the relationship between microclimate and nest-site selection in the Pohnpei Micronesian Kingfisher (Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii) which excavates nest cavities from the mudlike nest structures of arboreal termites (Nasutitermes sp.) or termitaria. Mean daily high temperatures at termitaria were cooler and daily low temperatures were warmer than at random sites in the forest. Results also indicate that termitaria provided insulation from temperature extremes, and that temperatures inside termitaria were within the thermoneutral zone of Micronesian Kingfishers more often than those outside. No differences were identified in temperatures at sites where nest termitaria and nonnest termitaria occurred or among the insulation properties of used and unused termitaria. These results suggest that although termitaria provide insulation from thermal extremes and a metabolically less stressful microclimate, king-fishers did not select from among available termitaria based on their thermal properties. Our findings are relevant to conservation efforts for the critically endangered Guam Micronesian Kingfisher (T. c. cinnamominus) which is extinct in the wild and exists only as a captive population. Captive breeding facilities should provide aviaries with daily ambient temperatures ranging from 22.06 A?C to 28.05 A?C to reduce microclimate-associated metabolic stress and to replicate microclimates used by wild Micronesian Kingfishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1353/psc.2005.0045","usgsCitation":"Kesler, D.C., and Haig, S.M., 2005, Microclimate and nest-site selection in Micronesian Kingfishers: Pacific Science, v. 59, no. 4, p. 499-508, https://doi.org/10.1353/psc.2005.0045.","productDescription":"p. 499-508","startPage":"499","endPage":"508","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269779,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psc.2005.0045"}],"volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628e6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kesler, Dylan C.","contributorId":14358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kesler","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6769,"text":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":324216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016303,"text":"1016303 - 2005 - Sonoran Desert winter annuals affected by density of red brome and soil nitrogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-03T15:45:05.011034","indexId":"1016303","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sonoran Desert winter annuals affected by density of red brome and soil nitrogen","docAbstract":"

Red brome [Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens (L.) Husn.] is a Mediterranean winter annual grass that has invaded Southwestern USA deserts. This study evaluated interactions among 13 Sonoran Desert annual species at four densities of red brome from 0 to the equivalent of 1200 plants m−2. We examined these interactions at low (3 μg) and high (537 μg NO3− g soil−1) nitrogen (N) to evaluate the relative effects of soil N level on survival and growth of native annuals and red brome. Red brome did not affect emergence or survival of native annuals, but significantly reduced growth of natives, raising concerns about effects of this exotic grass on the fecundity of these species. Differences in growth of red brome and of the three dominant non nitrogen-fixing native annuals at the two levels of soil N were similar. Total species biomass of red brome was reduced by 83% at low, compared to high, N levels, whereas that of the three native species was reduced by from 42 to 95%. Mean individual biomass of red brome was reduced by 87% at low, compared to high, N levels, whereas that of the three native species was reduced by from 72 to 89%.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2005)153[0095:SDWAAB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Salo, L.F., McPherson, G.R., and Williams, D.G., 2005, Sonoran Desert winter annuals affected by density of red brome and soil nitrogen: American Midland Naturalist, v. 153, no. 1, p. 95-109, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2005)153[0095:SDWAAB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"153","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5451d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salo, L. F.","contributorId":104453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salo","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McPherson, G. R.","contributorId":73559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McPherson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, D. G.","contributorId":68276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180880,"text":"70180880 - 2005 - Vegetation changes over 12 years in ungrazed and grazed Conservation Reserve Program Grasslands in the central and southern plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T14:15:23","indexId":"70180880","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Vegetation changes over 12 years in ungrazed and grazed Conservation Reserve Program Grasslands in the central and southern plains","docAbstract":"

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) established under the 1985 Food Security Act has the fundamental objectives of jointly providing economic support to segments of the agricultural community and conservation of natural resources (Osborn, 1997; Heard and others, 2000). Although soil loss on highly erodable lands was the principal natural resource conservation issue addressed in the 1985 CRP, improving water quality and wildlife habitat both became important considerations as the program evolved (Farmer and others, 1988). For example, Best and others (1997) found that production of young birds on CRP fields in the Midwest was ≥15 times the production on row-crop fields because of improved habitat. The increasing importance of wildlife habitat is reflected in continuing refinement of the Environmental Benefits Index (EBI) used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to quantify the potential benefits of enrolling lands in CRP (Osborn, 1997; Ribaudo and others, 2001). The refinements reflect input furnished by federal, state, and non-government organizations seeking greater wildlife habitat quality on CRP lands (Roseberry and David, 1994; Hughes and others, 1995; Millenbah and others, 1996; Patterson and Best, 1996; Rodgers, 1999; Allen and others, 2001).

Refinement in the EBI has changed the types of grasses planted on newly enrolled land. In early CRP signups (1 through 11), 71% of new grassland acres were planted to introduced grasses and legumes [Conservation Practice (CP) 1] while 29% of the acres were planted to native grasses (CP2) (Osborn and others, 1992). By the 27th signup in July 2004, over 34.8 million acres (14 million ha) were enrolled in the CRP. More than 73% of these lands were planted to various mixtures of introduced (CP1) or native (CP2) grasses for a minimal contract period of 10 years (USDA, 2004). Continuation of grass plantings under the 2002 Farm Bill may result in CRP lands furnishing grass dominated cover for 20 or more consecutive years.

The species of grass established in seeded grasslands can have a major influence on the potential quality of wildlife habitat where vegetation is maintained over a multi-year period. Different species of grass may have comparable abilities to alleviate soil erosion but furnish dissimilar qualities of wildlife habitat (fig. 1). For example, smooth brome, an introduced cool-season grass (grass species and scientific names are presented in table 1), is highly valued for its erosion control and forage attributes (Casler and Carlson, 1995). Switchgrass, a native warm-season grass, also is valued for its soil and water conservation qualities (Moser and Vogel, 1995) but provides greater benefits for some species of wildlife (Clubine, 1995). The quality of nesting and winter cover for ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) furnished by smooth brome on northeastern Colorado CRP lands is inferior to that provided by the taller, more robust switchgrass (Allen, 1994). Characteristics of the agricultural landscape surrounding individual CRP fields also play a role in the wildlife habitat potential of CRP plantings (Weber and others, 2002; Nusser and others, 2004).

of native and seeded grasslands change in response to the presence (and absence) of physical disturbances such as fire, grazing, tillage, and haying (Hobbs and Huenneke, 1992; Millenbah and others, 1996; Allen and others, 2001; Renfrew and Ribic, 2001; Swengel and Swengel, 2001). The perpetuation of diversity in species composition and vegetation structure following disturbance sustains desirable habitat for a variety of grassland-dependent wildlife (Hall and Willig, 1994; Barnes and others, 1995; King and Savidge, 1995; Granfors and others, 1996; Herkert and others, 1996; Kurzejeski, 1996; Patterson and Best, 1996; Klute and others, 1997). Undisturbed grasslands have lower grass and forb species diversity, greater amounts of dead plant material, decreased as well as seasonally delayed productivity, and diminished structural diversity of vegetation (Peet and others, 1975; Rice and Parenti, 1978; Butler and Briske, 1988; Campa and Winterstein, 1992). Recommendations for the timing of disturbance to increase grass and forb species diversity range from 3 to 8 years following establishment of seeded grasslands in the northern Great Plains and Midwest (Duebbert and others, 1981; Higgens, 1987; Millenbah and others, 1996). The management interval, however, is affected by climatic conditions, soils, grass species, and management history of the individual stand.

We quantified changes in vegetation structure and species composition across the typical 10-year contract period in undisturbed southern and central Great Plains CRP fields (fig. 2) planted to introduced and native grasses. In addition, we compared changes in vegetation in fields grazed during the emergency release of 1996 by comparing conditions prior to grazing and two and four years post grazing relative to changes in similar fields that were not grazed. Documentation of long-term changes in vegetation structure and composition for fields planted to common grass seed mixtures across a wide range of environmental conditions provides information to improve long-term wildlife habitat potential, guide program administration, and define management practices that yield economic benefits to operators while still meeting wildlife and conservation objectives. Emergency grazing provisions of the CRP are controversial. Although grazing can alter vegetative characteristics and reduce habitat quality in the short-term (Temple and others, 1999), periodic disturbance may be necessary to maintain habitat quality, and more information is needed assessing long-term effects of emergency grazing on vegetative structure and species composition. 

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Conservation Reserve Program: Planting for the future. Proceedings of a National Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado, June 6-9, 2004 (Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5145)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Cade, B.S., Vandever, M.W., Allen, A.W., and Terrell, J.W., 2005, Vegetation changes over 12 years in ungrazed and grazed Conservation Reserve Program Grasslands in the central and southern plains, in The Conservation Reserve Program: Planting for the future. Proceedings of a National Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado, June 6-9, 2004 (Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5145), p. 106-119.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5145/report.pdf#page=121"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58999945e4b0efcedb71a0b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandever, Mark W. vandeverm@usgs.gov","contributorId":3004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandever","given":"Mark","email":"vandeverm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Terrell, James W. 0000-0001-5394-5663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-5663","contributorId":92726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}