Populations of brook trout in streams of Shenandoah National Park were reduced drastically early in the past decade by a succession of unusually severe droughts and floods. The drying of stream beds, predation, and scouring were principal factors in the loss of fish. The park was closed to fishing in 1954 and 1955 to protect survivors.
The small numbers of survivors quickly repopulated the streams after drought conditions abated. The stocking of hatchery-reared fingerling trout in selected waters failed to augment the recovery of populations. Survival and growth of young, wild trout were especially good. Their redistribution through miles of previously dry streams was rapid. The park was opened again to fishing in 1956 under regulations which restrict the take but afford an increase in sporting opportunity. Two streams were placed under fishing-for-fun-only regulations in 1961.
The welfare of the trout populations is dependent mostly on the weather cycle . Fish may be abundant in wet years but very scarc e in dry ones. Thus, the stream must be managed a s marginal for trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Lennon, R.E., 1961, The trout fishery in Shenandoah National Park: Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 395, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lennon, Robert E.","contributorId":14341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lennon","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185597,"text":"70185597 - 1961 - Philosophy of water development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-24T11:49:37","indexId":"70185597","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5333,"text":"Professional Engineer","printIssn":"0033-0051","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Philosophy of water development","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Society of Professional Engineers","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., and Hendricks, E.L., 1961, Philosophy of water development: Professional Engineer, v. 10, no. 9, p. 4-10.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d6304de4b05ec79913114d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendricks, E. L.","contributorId":50126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2980,"text":"wsp1526 - 1961 - Hydraulic and hydrologic aspects of flood-plain planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T20:29:05.829629","indexId":"wsp1526","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1526","title":"Hydraulic and hydrologic aspects of flood-plain planning","docAbstract":"The valid incentives compelling occupation of the flood plain, up to and eve n into the stream channel, undoubtedly have contributed greatly to the development of the country. But the result has been a heritage of flood disaster, suffering, and enormous costs. Flood destruction awakened a consciousness toward reduction and elimination of flood hazards, originally manifested in the protection of existing developments. More recently, increased knowledge of the problem has shown the impracticability of permitting development that requires costly flood protect/on. The idea of flood zoning, or flood-plain planning, has received greater impetus as a result of this realization. This study shows how hydraulic and hydrologic data concerning the flood regimen of a stream can be used in appraising its flood potential and the risk inherent in occupation of its flood plain. The approach involves the study of flood magnitudes as recorded or computed; flood frequencies based1 on experience shown by many years of gaging-station record; use of existing or computed stagedischarge relations and flood profiles; and, where required, the preparation of flood-zone maps to show the areas inundated by floods of several magnitudes and frequencies. The planner can delineate areas subject to inundation by floods o* specific recurrence intervals for three conditions: (a) for the immediate vicinity of a gaging station; (b) for a gaged stream at a considerable distance from a gaging station; and (c) for an ungaged stream. The average depth for a flood of specific frequency can be estimated on the basis of simple measurements of area of drainage basin, width of channel, and slope of streambed. This simplified approach should be useful in the initial stages of flood-plain planning. Brief discussions are included on various types of flood hazards, the effects of urbanization on flood runoff, and zoning considerations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1526","usgsCitation":"Wiitala, S., Jetter, K., and Sommerville, A.J., 1961, Hydraulic and hydrologic aspects of flood-plain planning: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1526, Report: v, 69 p.; 4 Plates: 34.50 x 18.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1526.","productDescription":"Report: v, 69 p.; 4 Plates: 34.50 x 18.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415379,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24449.htm"},{"id":247262,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1526/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247261,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1526/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1526/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29736,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1526/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247264,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1526/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247263,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1526/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Carnegie","otherGeospatial":"Chartiers Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.0714,\n 40.4206\n ],\n [\n -80.1194,\n 40.4206\n ],\n [\n -80.1194,\n 40.3189\n ],\n [\n -80.0714,\n 40.3189\n ],\n [\n -80.0714,\n 40.4206\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a33c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiitala, S.W.","contributorId":41806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiitala","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jetter, K.R.","contributorId":23126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jetter","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sommerville, Alan J.","contributorId":64640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommerville","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175565,"text":"70175565 - 1961 - Records of wells, water levels, and chemical quality of ground water in the French Prairie-Mission Bottom area, northern Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T10:52:34","indexId":"70175565","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":115,"text":"Ground Water Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Records of wells, water levels, and chemical quality of ground water in the French Prairie-Mission Bottom area, northern Willamette Valley, Oregon","docAbstract":"An investigation of the ground-water resources of the northern Willamette Valley was begun in 1960 as a cooperative program between the Ground Water Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, and the Oregon State Engineer. The northern Willamette Valley area is one of the fastest growing areas of ground-water use within the state. The purpose of the investigation is to obtain an understanding of the availability, movement, and chemical quality of the ground-water resources of the area. This information is needed to attain an optimum development of the ground-water resources of the area and to aid in the prevention of problems of overdevelopment and pollution. The first phase of the program was the collection of well records, water level records, and chemical quality data in the central part of this area, which is known as the French Prairie-Mission Bottom area. The records collected in this phase of the study are essential in the preparation of an interpretive report describing the occurrence and movement of ground-water in the French Prairie-Mission Bottom area. These records, which will not be included in the interpretive report that is being prepared at this time, are being made available in this publication to aid in the location and the development of the ground-water resources of the area, and to serve as a supplement to the forthcoming interpretive report.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Price, D., 1961, Records of wells, water levels, and chemical quality of ground water in the French Prairie-Mission Bottom area, northern Willamette Valley, Oregon: Ground Water Report.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58b57e4b03bcb0104bc5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Don","contributorId":30608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174095,"text":"70174095 - 1961 - Geology and ground-water resources of Clayton County, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T13:18:13.21876","indexId":"70174095","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":148,"text":"Water Supply Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Clayton County, Iowa","docAbstract":"Clayton County includes 784 square miles in northeastern Iowa and in 1960 had a population of 21, 962. For the most part, the county is a dissected upland that is drained mainly by the southeastward flowing Turkey River and its principal tributary, the Volga River. The Turkey River empties into the Mississippi River, which flows southward along the eastern border of the county. The climate is humid continental, and the average annual precipitation is 33.01 inches. The economy of the county is based on farming and the raising of livestock. The natural resources of the county include soil, water, rock, sand, and timber.
","language":"English","publisher":"State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Des Moines, IA","usgsCitation":"Steinhilber, W.L., Van Eck, O.J., and Feulner, A., 1961, Geology and ground-water resources of Clayton County, Iowa: Water Supply Bulletin 7, xi, 142 p.","productDescription":"xi, 142 p.","numberOfPages":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493175,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70174095/IGS_wsb_7.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":324470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Clayton County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.604,43.0816],[-91.4892,43.0817],[-91.37,43.0807],[-91.2546,43.0802],[-91.1944,43.08],[-91.178,43.0798],[-91.1777,43.0732],[-91.1782,43.0655],[-91.1776,43.0584],[-91.1766,43.0506],[-91.1756,43.0415],[-91.1716,43.0291],[-91.1677,43.0192],[-91.1624,43.0071],[-91.1589,42.9989],[-91.1579,42.9966],[-91.1566,42.9934],[-91.1563,42.9894],[-91.1568,42.9839],[-91.1585,42.9784],[-91.1566,42.9747],[-91.1559,42.9739],[-91.152,42.9695],[-91.1506,42.9678],[-91.1464,42.9609],[-91.1455,42.9518],[-91.1457,42.9445],[-91.1454,42.9395],[-91.1453,42.9372],[-91.1438,42.9268],[-91.1445,42.9168],[-91.1444,42.9104],[-91.1411,42.905],[-91.1372,42.9007],[-91.1311,42.8965],[-91.1218,42.8927],[-91.1132,42.8885],[-91.1047,42.8824],[-91.0999,42.875],[-91.0995,42.874],[-91.0971,42.8678],[-91.0944,42.8596],[-91.0924,42.8542],[-91.0908,42.8498],[-91.089,42.8462],[-91.086,42.8443],[-91.0847,42.8437],[-91.0823,42.8424],[-91.0796,42.8398],[-91.0775,42.8373],[-91.0776,42.8339],[-91.0781,42.8294],[-91.078,42.8214],[-91.0776,42.8103],[-91.0763,42.8],[-91.0735,42.7913],[-91.0713,42.7826],[-91.0696,42.7771],[-91.0688,42.7736],[-91.0667,42.7698],[-91.0649,42.767],[-91.0629,42.7645],[-91.062,42.762],[-91.0621,42.7591],[-91.0634,42.7561],[-91.0639,42.7545],[-91.0638,42.754],[-91.0632,42.7523],[-91.0613,42.75],[-91.0587,42.7487],[-91.0582,42.7485],[-91.0563,42.7478],[-91.0549,42.746],[-91.0549,42.7446],[-91.0543,42.7428],[-91.0517,42.7397],[-91.0492,42.7383],[-91.0467,42.7379],[-91.0447,42.7376],[-91.0417,42.7375],[-91.0392,42.7375],[-91.0354,42.7371],[-91.0323,42.7358],[-91.0305,42.7341],[-91.03,42.7314],[-91.0301,42.7291],[-91.0283,42.7263],[-91.0264,42.7249],[-91.0259,42.7245],[-91.0226,42.7227],[-91.0182,42.7205],[-91.0075,42.7161],[-90.998,42.7121],[-90.9903,42.7074],[-90.9841,42.7036],[-90.98,42.6995],[-90.9734,42.6956],[-90.9677,42.6929],[-90.9601,42.6898],[-90.9542,42.6872],[-90.9482,42.6858],[-90.9413,42.685],[-90.9382,42.685],[-90.9332,42.6856],[-90.9276,42.6856],[-90.9226,42.6843],[-90.9169,42.6821],[-90.9108,42.68],[-90.9065,42.6785],[-90.8985,42.6761],[-90.896,42.6753],[-90.8962,42.6697],[-90.8978,42.6447],[-91.0181,42.6452],[-91.1334,42.6451],[-91.2519,42.6445],[-91.3691,42.6437],[-91.4876,42.6442],[-91.606,42.6437],[-91.6055,42.731],[-91.605,42.8169],[-91.6045,42.9056],[-91.6046,42.9915],[-91.604,43.0816]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Clayton\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57724e30e4b07657d1a81983","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steinhilber, W. L.","contributorId":79456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinhilber","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Eck, O. J.","contributorId":172476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Eck","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feulner, A.J.","contributorId":70796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feulner","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010751,"text":"70010751 - 1961 - Aqua de Ney, California, a spring of unique chemical character","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-16T17:46:55.379168","indexId":"70010751","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aqua de Ney, California, a spring of unique chemical character","docAbstract":"The chemistry of water of Aqua de Ney, a cold spring of unusual character located in Siskiyou County, Calif., has been re-examined as part of a study of the relation of water chemistry to rock environment. The water has a pH of 11ยท6 and a silica content of 4000 parts per million (p.p.m.), the highest values known to occur in natural ground waters.
The rocks exposed nearby consist of two volcanic sequences, one predominantly basaltic in composition, the other highly siliceous. Neither these rocks nor the sedimentary and igneous rocks presumed to underlie the area at depth seem to offer explanation of the unusual mineralization which includes 240 p.p.m. of boron, 1000 p.p.m. of sulphide (as H2S), and 148 p.p.m. of ammonia nitrogen (as NH4) in a water that is predominantly sodium chloride and sodium carbonate in character.
By analogy, it is assumed that water from Aqua de Ney is the product of an initial mixture of connate sea water with a calcium magnesium sulphate water. It is postulated that ion exchange has increased the content of sodium and reduced that of calcium and magnesium, and that sulphate reduction has brought about the high alkalinity, high pH, and high content of sulphide. The large silica value is explained as the result of solution of silica by water having the high pH observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(61)90107-7","usgsCitation":"Feth, J.H., Rogers, S.M., and Roberson, C.E., 1961, Aqua de Ney, California, a spring of unique chemical character: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 22, no. 2-4, p. 75-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(61)90107-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"86","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Siskiyou County","otherGeospatial":"Aqua de Ney Spring","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.32119798660277,\n 41.26464643600054\n ],\n [\n -122.29740142822266,\n 41.26464643600054\n ],\n [\n -122.29740142822266,\n 41.26977529310511\n ],\n [\n -122.32119798660277,\n 41.26977529310511\n ],\n [\n -122.32119798660277,\n 41.26464643600054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed03e4b0c8380cd49589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feth, J. H.","contributorId":50495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feth","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, S. M.","contributorId":101637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberson, C. E.","contributorId":40190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000080,"text":"1000080 - 1961 - A back-pack shocker for collecting lamprey ammocoetes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-22T15:58:55","indexId":"1000080","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A back-pack shocker for collecting lamprey ammocoetes","docAbstract":"IN 1958, THE BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES began to use specific larvicides for sea lamprey control in streams tributary to the Great Lakes. The successful application of larvicides required treatment of all areas of the streams infested by sea lamprey ammocoetes. Intensive surveys were needed to determine distribution of the larvae. The use of electrical methods to determinelarval distribution has been described (Stauffer and Hansen 1958). A light portable shocker was needed for these surveys because of the difficulty of access to some of the watersheds tributary to Lake Superior.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1961)23[87:ABSFCL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Braem, R.A., and Ebel, W.J., 1961, A back-pack shocker for collecting lamprey ammocoetes: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 23, no. 2, p. 87-91, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1961)23[87:ABSFCL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"p. 87-91","startPage":"87","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266266,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1961)23[87:ABSFCL]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b13b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braem, Robert A.","contributorId":34858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braem","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebel, Wesley J.","contributorId":88307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190790,"text":"70190790 - 1961 - Records and water-level measurements of selected wells and chemical analysis of ground water, East Shore area, Davis, Weber, and Box Elder Counties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:52:08","indexId":"70190790","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5497,"text":"Utah Basic-Data Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Records and water-level measurements of selected wells and chemical analysis of ground water, East Shore area, Davis, Weber, and Box Elder Counties","docAbstract":"This report is intended to serve two purposes: (1) to make available to the public basic ground-water data useful in planning and studying development of water resources and (2) to supplement an interpretive report that will be published later.
Records were collected during the period 1935-61 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer as a part of the investigation of the ground-water resources of the East Shore area in Davis, Weber, and southern Box Elder Counties, Utah. During the period 1952-61 additional records were collected by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The interpretive material will be published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah State Engineer as a report entitled \"Groundwater conditions in the East Shore area, Utah, 1953-61,\" by Ralph E. Smith.
This report is most useful in predicting conditions likely to be found in areas that are being considered as well sites. The person considering the new well can spot the proposed site on plate 1 and examine the records of nearby wells as shown on the tables and figures. From table 1 he can note (1) the depth and diameter of wells in the vicinity and the yield of some of those wells, and (2) the depth to water or the feet of water pressure in wells in the vicinity; from table 2 and figure 2 he may note the historic fluctuations and trends of water levels in the vicinity; and from tables 3 and l he may note the chemical quality of the water from wells in the vicinity and the use made of this water. If the reader decides from his examination that conditions are favorable, he may place an application to drill a well with the State Engineer. If the State Engineer believes unappropriated water is available, the application may be approved after minimum statutory requirements have been satisfied.
The report is also useful when planning large-scale developments of water supply. This and other uses of the report will be helped by use of the interpretive report upon its release.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer's Office","usgsCitation":"Smith, R., 1961, Records and water-level measurements of selected wells and chemical analysis of ground water, East Shore area, Davis, Weber, and Box Elder Counties: Utah Basic-Data Report 1, 35 p.","productDescription":"35 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345751,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-020&Title=Basic+Data+Report+1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bb953ce4b091459a578240","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Ralph E.","contributorId":178301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Ralph E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70195891,"text":"70195891 - 1961 - Geology and ground water resources of the Drake area, McHenry County, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T13:19:25","indexId":"70195891","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5646,"text":"North Dakota Ground Water Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"31","title":"Geology and ground water resources of the Drake area, McHenry County, North Dakota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"North Dakota State Water Conservation Commission","usgsCitation":"Adolphson, D.G., 1961, Geology and ground water resources of the Drake area, McHenry County, North Dakota: North Dakota Ground Water Studies 31, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff63fee4b0da30c1bfdf92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adolphson, D. G.","contributorId":106081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adolphson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2763,"text":"wsp1527 - 1961 - Floods in the Skagit River basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T19:13:29.601078","indexId":"wsp1527","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1527","title":"Floods in the Skagit River basin, Washington","docAbstract":"According to Indian tradition, floods of unusually great magnitude harassed the Skagit River basin about 1815 and 1856. The heights of these floods were not recorded at the time; so they are called historical floods. Since the arrival of white men about 1863, a number of large and damaging floods have been witnessed and recorded. \r\n\r\nData concerning and verifying the early floods, including those of 1815 and 1856, were collected prior to 1923 by James E. Stewart. He talked with many of the early settlers in the valley who had listened to Indians tell about the terrible floods. Some of these settlers had referenced the maximum stages of floods they had witnessed by cutting notches at or measuring to high-water marks on trees. In order to verify flood stages Stewart spent many weeks finding and levelling to high-water marks such as drift deposits, sand layers in coves, and silt in the bark of certain types of trees. \r\n\r\nGaging stations have been in operation at various locations on the Skagit River and its tributaries since 1909, so recorded peak stages are available at certain sites for floods occurring since that date. All peak discharge data available for both historical and recorded floods have been listed in this report. The types of floods as to winter and summer, the duration of peaks, and the effect of reservoirs are discussed. \r\n\r\nIn 1899 Sterling Dam was constructed at the head of Gages Slough near Sedro Woolley. This was the beginning of major diking in the lower reaches of the Skagit River. Maps included in the report show the location of most of the dike failures that have occurred during the last 73 years and the area probably inundated by major floods. The damage resulting from certain floods is briefly discussed. \r\n\r\nThe report is concluded with a brief discussion of the U.S. Geological Survey method of computing flood-frequency curves as applied to the Skagit River basin. The treatment of single-station records and a means of combining these records for expressing regional significance are exemplified. Historical data are used in the development of both the single-station and the regional curves.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1527","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.E., and Bodhaine, G.L., 1961, Floods in the Skagit River basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1527, Report: v, 66 p.; 2 Plates: 14.34 x 13.76 inches and 14.00 x 17.22 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1527.","productDescription":"Report: v, 66 p.; 2 Plates: 14.34 x 13.76 inches and 14.00 x 17.22 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":29197,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1527/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29196,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1527/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109965,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24703.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24703"},{"id":29198,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1527/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1527/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Skagit River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5,\n 49.283\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -120.667,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -120.667,\n 49.283\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 49.283\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e07df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, James E.","contributorId":13955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodhaine, George Lawrence","contributorId":89508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodhaine","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045414,"text":"wdrCO611 - 1961 - Surface water records of Colorado, 1961","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-22T14:44:25","indexId":"wdrCO611","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CO-61-1","title":"Surface water records of Colorado, 1961","docAbstract":"The surface-water records for the 1961 water year for gaging stations and miscellaneous sites within the State of Colorado are given in this report. 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Odell.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/wdrCO611","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of of Colorado and other agencies","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, W.R., 1961, Surface water records of Colorado, 1961: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CO-61-1, xii, 326 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCO611.","productDescription":"xii, 326 p.","numberOfPages":"344","temporalStart":"1960-10-01","temporalEnd":"1961-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272539,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1961/co-61/report.pdf"},{"id":270917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1961/co-61/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.000,37.0000 ], [ -109.000,41.0000 ], [ -102.000,41.0000 ], [ -102.000,37.0000 ], [ -109.000,37.0000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d216de4b0411d430a8a35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division","contributorId":102359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"U.S. Geological Survey","given":"Water","email":"","middleInitial":"Resources Division","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12,"text":"wsp1319 - 1961 - Compilation of records of surface waters of Hawaii through June 1950","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T19:08:26.036486","indexId":"wsp1319","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1319","title":"Compilation of records of surface waters of Hawaii through June 1950","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1319","usgsCitation":"Wells, J.V., 1961, Compilation of records of surface waters of Hawaii through June 1950: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1319, Report: v, 316 p.; 5 Plates: 28.00 x 23.29 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1319.","productDescription":"Report: v, 316 p.; 5 Plates: 28.00 x 23.29 inches or 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