{"pageNumber":"2597","pageRowStart":"64900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70029183,"text":"70029183 - 2005 - Probabilistic liquefaction triggering based on the cone penetration test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70029183","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Probabilistic liquefaction triggering based on the cone penetration test","docAbstract":"Performance-based earthquake engineering requires a probabilistic treatment of potential failure modes in order to accurately quantify the overall stability of the system. This paper is a summary of the application portions of the probabilistic liquefaction triggering correlations proposed recently proposed by Moss and co-workers. To enable probabilistic treatment of liquefaction triggering, the variables comprising the seismic load and the liquefaction resistance were treated as inherently uncertain. Supporting data from an extensive Cone Penetration Test (CPT)-based liquefaction case history database were used to develop a probabilistic correlation. The methods used to measure the uncertainty of the load and resistance variables, how the interactions of these variables were treated using Bayesian updating, and how reliability analysis was applied to produce curves of equal probability of liquefaction are presented. The normalization for effective overburden stress, the magnitude correlated duration weighting factor, and the non-linear shear mass participation factor used are also discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical Special Publication","conferenceTitle":"Geo-Frontiers 2005","conferenceDate":"24 January 2005 through 26 January 2005","conferenceLocation":"Austin, TX","language":"English","issn":"08950563","usgsCitation":"Moss, R., Seed, R., Kayen, R.E., Stewart, J., and Tokimatsu, K., 2005, Probabilistic liquefaction triggering based on the cone penetration test, <i>in</i> Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 130-142, Austin, TX, 24 January 2005 through 26 January 2005, p. 1227-1239.","startPage":"1227","endPage":"1239","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"130-142","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c91e4b0c8380cd7e772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moss, R.E.S.","contributorId":71362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"R.E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seed, R.B.","contributorId":34691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seed","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, R. E.","contributorId":14424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, J.P.","contributorId":33514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tokimatsu, K.","contributorId":85756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokimatsu","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029296,"text":"70029296 - 2005 - Survival of Western Sandpiper broods on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T09:51:23","indexId":"70029296","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of Western Sandpiper broods on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The rate of chick growth in high-latitude breeding shorebirds is rapid, but little is known about the effect of chick mass, growth, and brood movements on subsequent brood survival. To address these topics, we monitored chick growth patterns, daily brood movements, and survival of Western Sandpipers (<i>Calidris mauri</i>) on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. We assessed the effect of chick age, mass, and hatch date on brood survival using Program MARK. We mapped brood locations daily, and compared brood movement patterns between successful and unsuccessful broods. Younger chicks survived at lower rates and moved shorter distances than older chicks. The overall probability of one or more chicks from a brood surviving to 15 days of age was 0.73 ± 0.05 SE. Brood survival declined seasonally, and broods with heavier chicks survived at higher rates than those with lighter chicks. On average, successful broods fledged 1.7 ± 0.1 SE chicks. Rate of chick growth was intermediate between those of high arctic and temperate-breeding shorebirds, and chick mass at hatching declined seasonally. Western Sandpiper brood survival was lowest when chicks were young, spatially clumped, and unable to maintain homeothermy, probably because young chicks were more vulnerable to both complete depredation events and extreme weather. Our data suggest that larger, older chicks are able to avoid predators by being spatially dispersed and highly mobile; thermal independence, achieved after approximately day five, enables chicks to better endure prolonged periods of cold and low food availability.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0597:SOWSBO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ruthrauff, D.R., and McCaffery, B.J., 2005, Survival of Western Sandpiper broods on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Condor, v. 107, no. 3, p. 597-604, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0597:SOWSBO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"597","endPage":"604","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0597:sowsbo]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2c3e4b08c986b31f942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCaffery, Brian J.","contributorId":37617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffery","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70194225,"text":"70194225 - 2005 - The relationship between habitat characteristics and demographic performance of northern spotted owls in southern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T13:17:40","indexId":"70194225","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between habitat characteristics and demographic performance of northern spotted owls in southern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>We used data from Northern Spotted Owl (<i>Strix occidentalis caurina</i>) territories to model the effects of habitat (particularly intermediate-aged forest stand types), climate, and nonhabitat covariates (i.e., age, sex) on owl reproductive rate and apparent survival in southwestern Oregon. Our best model for reproductive rate included an interaction between a cyclic, annual time trend and male breeding experience, with higher reproductive rates in even years compared to odd, particularly for males with previous breeding experience. Reproductive rate was also negatively related to the amount of winter precipitation and positively related to the proportion of old-growth forest near the owl territory center. Apparent survival was not associated with age, sex, climate or any of the intermediate-aged forest types, but was positively associated with the proportion of older forest near the territory center in a pseudothreshold pattern. The quadratic structure of the proportion of nonhabitat farther from the nest or primary roost site was also part of our best survival model. Survival decreased dramatically when the amount of nonhabitat exceeded ∼50%. Habitat fitness potential estimates (λ̂<sub><i>h</i></sub>) for 97 owl territories ranged from 0.29–1.09, with a mean of 0.86 ± 0.02. Owl territories with habitat fitness potentials &lt;1.0 were generally characterized by &lt;40%–50% old forest habitat near the territory center. Our results indicate that both apparent survival and reproductive rate are positively associated with older forest types close to the nest or primary roost site. We found no support for either a positive or negative direct effect of intermediate-aged forests on either survival or reproductive rate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/7824.1","usgsCitation":"Dugger, K.M., Wagner, F., Anthony, R., and Olson, G.S., 2005, The relationship between habitat characteristics and demographic performance of northern spotted owls in southern Oregon: The Condor, v. 107, no. 4, p. 863-878, https://doi.org/10.1650/7824.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"863","endPage":"878","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/7824.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"107","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a611696e4b06e28e9c258e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":36037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Frank","contributorId":68663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, Robert G.","contributorId":61324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, Gail S.","contributorId":19884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029291,"text":"70029291 - 2005 - p,p'-DDE depresses the immune competence of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) leukocytes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-04T09:01:01","indexId":"70029291","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1653,"text":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<i>p,p'</i>-DDE depresses the immune competence of chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) leukocytes","title":"p,p'-DDE depresses the immune competence of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) leukocytes","docAbstract":"<p><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>&prime;-DDE, the main metabolite of DDT, is still detected in aquatic environments throughout the world. Here, the effects and mechanisms by which&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>&prime;-DDE exposure might affect the immune system of chinook salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>) was studied. Isolated salmon splenic and pronephric leukocytes were incubated with different concentrations of&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>&prime;-DDE, and cell viability, induction of apoptosis, and mitogenic responses were measured by flow cytometry and Alamar Blue assay.&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>&prime;-DDE significantly reduced cell viability and proliferation and increased apoptosis. The effect of&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>&prime;-DDE on pronephric leukocytes was more severe than on splenic leukocytes, likely because pronephric leukocytes had a higher proportion of granulocytes, cells that appear more sensitive to&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>&prime;-DDE. The effect of&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>&prime;-DDE on leukocytes appeared to vary between developmental stages or seasonal differences. The mitogenic response of leukocytes of chinook salmon exposed to&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>&prime;-DDE in vivo exhibited a biphasic dose&ndash;response relationship. Only leukocytes isolated from salmon treated with 59 ppm&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>&prime;-DDE had a significantly lower percentage of Ig+ blasting cells than controls, although the response was biphasic. These results support the theory that exposure to chemical contaminants could lead to an increase in disease susceptibility and mortality of fish due to immune suppression.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2004.11.005","issn":"10504648","usgsCitation":"Misumi, I., Vella, A.T., Leong, J.C., Nakanishi, T., and Schreck, C.B., 2005, p,p'-DDE depresses the immune competence of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) leukocytes: Fish and Shellfish Immunology, v. 19, no. 2, p. 97-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2004.11.005.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"114","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210863,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2004.11.005"},{"id":237912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd34ce4b08c986b32fcc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Misumi, Ichiro","contributorId":103073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misumi","given":"Ichiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vella, Anthony T.","contributorId":40413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vella","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leong, Jo-Ann C.","contributorId":96135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leong","given":"Jo-Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nakanishi, Teruyuki","contributorId":18964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakanishi","given":"Teruyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029288,"text":"70029288 - 2005 - The composition of coexisting jarosite-group minerals and water from the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:22:55","indexId":"70029288","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The composition of coexisting jarosite-group minerals and water from the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Jarosite-group minerals accumulate in the form of stalactites and fine-grained mud on massive pyrite in the D drift of the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California. Water samples were collected by placing beakers under the dripping stalactites and by extracting pore water from the mud using a centrifuge. The water is rich in Fe</span><sup>3+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>, with a pH of approximately 2.1, which is significantly higher than the extremely acidic waters found elsewhere in the mine. Electron-microprobe analysis and X-ray mapping indicate that the small crystals (&lt;10 μm in diameter) are compositionally zoned with respect to Na and K, and include hydronium jarosite corresponding to the formula (H</span><sub>3</sub><span>O)</span><sub>0.6</sub><span>K</span><sub>0.3</sub><span>Na</span><sub>0.1</sub><span>Fe</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3+</sup><span>(SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>)</span><sub>2</sub><span>(OH)</span><sub>6</sub><span>. The proton-microprobe analyses indicate that the jarosite-group minerals contain significant amounts of As, Pb and Zn, and minor levels of Bi, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn and Sr. Speciation modeling indicates that the drip waters are supersaturated with respect to jarosite-group minerals. The expected range in composition of jarosite-group solid-solution in equilibrium with the pore water extracted from the mud was found to be consistent with the observed range in composition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Associaion of Canada","doi":"10.2113/gscanmin.43.4.1225","usgsCitation":"Jamieson, H.E., Robinson, C., Alpers, C.N., Nordstrom, D.K., Poustovetov, A., and Lowers, H., 2005, The composition of coexisting jarosite-group minerals and water from the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 43, no. 4, p. 1225-1242, https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.43.4.1225.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1225","endPage":"1242","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Iron Mountain","volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa4be4b08c986b3227b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jamieson, Heather E.","contributorId":150176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamieson","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Clare","contributorId":195273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Clare","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poustovetov, Alexei","contributorId":68516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poustovetov","given":"Alexei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. hlowers@usgs.gov","contributorId":149265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather A.","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029689,"text":"70029689 - 2005 - Electroshocking and PIT tagging of juvenile Atlantic salmon: Are there interactive effects on growth and survival?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029689","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electroshocking and PIT tagging of juvenile Atlantic salmon: Are there interactive effects on growth and survival?","docAbstract":"Electroshocking and tagging of fish with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags are two commonly used methods for conducting mark-recapture studies in freshwater environments and are frequently used in combination. We conducted an experiment to test for the effects of electroshocking, tagging, and a combination of electroshocking plus tagging on the growth and survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr. We used five treatments that included the presence or absence of PIT tags and electroshocking at 300 or 500 V plus a control group. Fish were measured, weighed, and electroshocked on four occasions separated by approximately 2-month intervals. The average (??1 SD) fork length was 62.1 ?? 1.9 mm and the average weight was 2.5 ?? 0.3 g at the start of the experiment; at the end of the experiment, length averaged 120.5 ?? 11.6 mm and weight averaged 20.9 ?? 6.1 g. We did not detect any significant effects of electroshocking on growth or survival over the course of the experiment. However, there was evidence that tagging negatively influenced survival over the first interval after initial tagging and that survival was positively correlated with fish size. In addition, tagged fish seemed to suffer a minor depression in growth over the first interval, although differences in size among tagged and untagged fish were nonsignificant throughout the course of the experiment. We suggest that the size at tagging may have a greater effect on survival and growth of small (<80-mm) Atlantic salmon parr than the amount of exposure to electroshocking. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M04-075.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Sigourney, D.B., Horton, G., Dubreuil, T., Varaday, A., and Letcher, B., 2005, Electroshocking and PIT tagging of juvenile Atlantic salmon: Are there interactive effects on growth and survival?: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 25, no. 3, p. 1016-1021, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-075.1.","startPage":"1016","endPage":"1021","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212676,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M04-075.1"},{"id":240200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08afe4b0c8380cd51c17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigourney, Douglas B.","contributorId":103068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigourney","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, G.E.","contributorId":8594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubreuil, T.L.","contributorId":106697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubreuil","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Varaday, A.M.","contributorId":88154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varaday","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":423826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029686,"text":"70029686 - 2005 - Relation of desert pupfish abundance to selected environmental variables in natural and manmade habitats in the Salton Sea basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:22:28","indexId":"70029686","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation of desert pupfish abundance to selected environmental variables in natural and manmade habitats in the Salton Sea basin","docAbstract":"<p>We assessed the relation between abundance of desert pupfish, Cyprinodon macularius, and selected biological and physicochemical variables in natural and manmade habitats within the Salton Sea Basin. Field sampling in a natural tributary, Salt Creek, and three agricultural drains captured eight species including pupfish (1.1% of the total catch), the only native species encountered. According to Bray-Curtis resemblance functions, fish species assemblages differed mostly between Salt Creek and the drains (i.e., the three drains had relatively similar species assemblages). Pupfish numbers and environmental variables varied among sites and sample periods. Canonical correlation showed that pupfish abundance was positively correlated with abundance of western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, and negatively correlated with abundance of porthole livebearers, Poeciliopsis gracilis, tilapias (Sarotherodon mossambica and Tilapia zillii), longjaw mudsuckers, Gillichthys mirabilis, and mollies (Poecilia latipinnaandPoecilia mexicana). In addition, pupfish abundance was positively correlated with cover, pH, and salinity, and negatively correlated with sediment factor (a measure of sediment grain size) and dissolved oxygen. Pupfish abundance was generally highest in habitats where water quality extremes (especially high pH and salinity, and low dissolved oxygen) seemingly limited the occurrence of nonnative fishes. This study also documented evidence of predation by mudsuckers on pupfish. These findings support the contention of many resource managers that pupfish populations are adversely influenced by ecological interactions with nonnative fishes. ?? Springer 2005.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/s10641-004-5569-3","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Martin, B., and Saiki, M.K., 2005, Relation of desert pupfish abundance to selected environmental variables in natural and manmade habitats in the Salton Sea basin: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 73, no. 1, p. 97-107, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-004-5569-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213113,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-004-5569-3"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Salton Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.8837890625,\n              33.65120829920497\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.26556396484374,\n              33.5459730276919\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.89752197265625,\n              32.987931797174426\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.7464599609375,\n              32.88189375925038\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.367431640625,\n              33.050112271849656\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.3564453125,\n              33.305281685899445\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.81237792968749,\n              33.63520252129717\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.8837890625,\n              33.65120829920497\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a67fe4b0e8fec6cdc1ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, B.A.","contributorId":91269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saiki, M. K.","contributorId":28917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029675,"text":"70029675 - 2005 - Assessment of calcium status in Maine forests: Review and future projection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70029675","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of calcium status in Maine forests: Review and future projection","docAbstract":"Forest harvesting and acidic deposition can cause substantial decreases in the calcium (Ca) inventory of forest soils if such losses are not replenished through mineral weathering, atmospheric deposition, or fertilization. The net balance between losses and gains defines the forest Ca status. Site-specific studies have measured Ca pools and fluxes in Maine forests, but no synthesis has been published. In this paper, I review the literature on forest Ca and assess the current status and potential future trends. Forest soils in Maine are currently at lesser risk of Ca depletion compared with many forest soils in the central and southeastern United States, because levels of acidic deposition and rates of Ca accumulation in trees are lower in Maine. The rate of Ca accumulation in trees is reduced in Maine as a result of lower growth rates and a higher proportion of conifer trees that require less Ca than hardwoods. However, field-scale biogeochemical studies in Maine and New Hampshire, and regional estimates of harvest removals and soil inventories coupled with low weathering estimates, indicate that Ca depletion is a realistic concern in Maine. The synthesis of site-specific and regional data for Maine in conjunction with the depletion measured directly in surrounding areas indicates that the Ca status of many forest soils in Maine is likely declining. Ca status could decrease further in the future if forest growth rates increase in response to climate trends and recovery from insect-induced mortality and excessive harvesting in recent years. Proposed climate change induced reductions in spruce and fir and increases in hardwoods would also increase the risk of Ca depletion. ?? 2005 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/x05-034","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T., 2005, Assessment of calcium status in Maine forests: Review and future projection: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 35, no. 5, p. 1109-1121, https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-034.","startPage":"1109","endPage":"1121","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212912,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-034"}],"volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee22e4b0c8380cd49bb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, T.G. 0000-0002-9427-3530","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":64675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":423774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70029697,"text":"70029697 - 2005 - Indoor radon risk potential of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029697","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2439,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Indoor radon risk potential of Hawaii","docAbstract":"A comprehensive evaluation of radon risk potential in the State of Hawaii indicates that the potential for Hawaii is low. Using a combination of factors including geology, soils, source-rock type, soil-gas radon concentrations, and indoor measurements throughout the state, a general model was developed that permits prediction for various regions in Hawaii. For the nearly 3,100 counties in the coterminous U.S., National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) aerorad data was the primary input factor. However, NURE aerorad data was not collected in Hawaii, therefore, this study used geology and soil type as the primary and secondary components of potential prediction. Although the radon potential of some Hawaiian soils suggests moderate risk, most houses are built above ground level and the radon soil potential is effectively decoupled from the house. Only underground facilities or those with closed or recirculating ventilation systems might have elevated radon potential. ?? 2005 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10967-005-0722-9","issn":"02365731","usgsCitation":"Reimer, G., and Szarzi, S., 2005, Indoor radon risk potential of Hawaii: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 264, no. 2, p. 365-369, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-005-0722-9.","startPage":"365","endPage":"369","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212799,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-005-0722-9"},{"id":240341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"264","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3aa5e4b0c8380cd61e55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimer, G.M.","contributorId":59800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szarzi, S.L.","contributorId":6860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szarzi","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029688,"text":"70029688 - 2005 - Interaction of rearing environment and reproductive tactic on gene expression profiles in Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029688","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Interaction of rearing environment and reproductive tactic on gene expression profiles in Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"Organisms that share the same genotype can develop into divergent phenotypes, depending on environmental conditions. In Atlantic salmon, young males of the same age can be found either as sneakers or immature males that are future anadromous fish. Just as the organism-level phenotype varies between divergent male developmental trajectories, brain gene expression is expected to vary as well. We hypothesized that rearing environment can also have an important effect on gene expression in the brain and possibly interact with the reproductive tactic adopted. We tested this hypothesis by comparing brain gene expression profiles of the two male tactics in fish from the same population that were reared in either a natural stream or under laboratory conditions. We found that expression of certain genes was affected by rearing environment only, while others varied between male reproductive tactics independent of rearing environment. Finally, more than half of all genes that showed variable expression varied between the two male tactics only in one environment. Thus, in these fish, very different molecular pathways can give rise to similar macro-phenotypes depending on rearing environment. This result gives important insights into the molecular underpinnings of developmental plasticity in relationship to the environment. ?? 2005 The American Genetic Association.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Heredity","language":"English","doi":"10.1093/jhered/esi030","issn":"00221503","usgsCitation":"Aubin-Horth, N., Letcher, B., and Hofmann, H., 2005, Interaction of rearing environment and reproductive tactic on gene expression profiles in Atlantic salmon, <i>in</i> Journal of Heredity, v. 96, no. 3, p. 261-278, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esi030.","startPage":"261","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486802,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esi030","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212647,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esi030"},{"id":240166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cb6e4b0c8380cd62f8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aubin-Horth, N.","contributorId":9850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aubin-Horth","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":423824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofmann, H.A.","contributorId":30432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029695,"text":"70029695 - 2005 - The Circumpolar Arctic vegetation map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T19:30:16","indexId":"70029695","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Circumpolar Arctic vegetation map","docAbstract":"<p>Question: What are the major vegetation units in the Arctic, what is their composition, and how are they distributed among major bioclimate subzones and countries? Location: The Arctic tundra region, north of the tree line. Methods: A photo-interpretive approach was used to delineate the vegetation onto an Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) base image. Mapping experts within nine Arctic regions prepared draft maps using geographic information technology (ArcInfo) of their portion of the Arctic, and these were later synthesized to make the final map. Area analysis of the map was done according to bioclimate subzones, and country. The integrated mapping procedures resulted in other maps of vegetation, topography, soils, landscapes, lake cover, substrate pH, and above-ground biomass. Results: The final map was published at 1:7 500 000 scale map. Within the Arctic (total area = 7.11 x 106 km 2), about 5.05 ?? 106 km2 is vegetated. The remainder is ice covered. The map legend generally portrays the zonal vegetation within each map polygon. About 26% of the vegetated area is erect shrublands, 18% peaty graminoid tundras, 13% mountain complexes, 12% barrens, 11% mineral graminoid tundras, 11% prostrate-shrub tundras, and 7% wetlands. Canada has by far the most terrain in the High Arctic mostly associated with abundant barren types and prostrate dwarf-shrub tundra, whereas Russia has the largest area in the Low Arctic, predominantly low-shrub tundra. Conclusions: The CAVM is the first vegetation map of an entire global biome at a comparable resolution. The consistent treatment of the vegetation across the circumpolar Arctic, abundant ancillary material, and digital database should promote the application to numerous land-use, and climate-change applications and will make updating the map relatively easy. ?? IAVS; Opulus Press.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02365.x","issn":"11009233","usgsCitation":"Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K., Daniels, F., Einarsson, E., Elvebakk, A., Gould, W., Katenin, A., Kholod, S., Markon, C., Melnikov, E.S., Moskalenko, N., Talbot, S., Yurtsev, B., Bliss, L., Edlund, S., Zoltai, S., Wilhelm, M., Bay, C., Gudjonsson, G., Ananjeva, G., Drozdov, D., Konchenko, L., Korostelev, Y., Ponomareva, O., Matveyeva, N., Safranova, I., Shelkunova, R., Polezhaev, A., Johansen, B., Maier, H., Murray, D., Fleming, M.D., Trahan, N., Charron, T., Lauritzen, S., and Vairin, B., 2005, The Circumpolar Arctic vegetation map: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 16, no. 3, p. 267-282, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02365.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"282","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6cee4b08c986b32129b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, Donald A.","contributorId":100022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raynolds, Martha K.","contributorId":98174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raynolds","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daniels, F.J.A.","contributorId":92838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"F.J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Einarsson, E.","contributorId":29217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Einarsson","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elvebakk, A.","contributorId":96090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elvebakk","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gould, W.A.","contributorId":42433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Katenin, A.E.","contributorId":30043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katenin","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kholod, S.S.","contributorId":25363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kholod","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Markon, C. J.","contributorId":66729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Melnikov, E. S.","contributorId":79304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melnikov","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Moskalenko, N.G.","contributorId":37961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moskalenko","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Talbot, Stephen S.","contributorId":73266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Stephen S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Yurtsev, B.A.","contributorId":25759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yurtsev","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Bliss, L.C.","contributorId":94862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Edlund, S.A.","contributorId":36363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edlund","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Zoltai, S.C.","contributorId":22583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoltai","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Wilhelm, M.","contributorId":73413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelm","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Bay, C.","contributorId":11003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bay","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Gudjonsson, G.","contributorId":33537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gudjonsson","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Ananjeva, G.V.","contributorId":76138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ananjeva","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Drozdov, D.S.","contributorId":60441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drozdov","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Konchenko, 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H.A.","contributorId":12269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maier","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Murray, D.F.","contributorId":29184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Fleming, Michael D.","contributorId":98816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Trahan, N.G.","contributorId":23338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trahan","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Charron, T.M.","contributorId":98949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charron","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Lauritzen, S.M.","contributorId":16223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauritzen","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Vairin, B.A.","contributorId":72333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vairin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38}]}}
,{"id":70029687,"text":"70029687 - 2005 - Spatial and seasonal dynamics of brook trout populations inhabiting a central Appalachian watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029687","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and seasonal dynamics of brook trout populations inhabiting a central Appalachian watershed","docAbstract":"We quantified the watershed-scale spatial population dynamics of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in the Second Fork, a third-order tributary of Shavers Fork in eastern West Virginia. We used visual surveys, electrofishing, and mark-recapture techniques to quantify brook trout spawning intensity, population density, size structure, and demographic rates (apparent survival and immigration) throughout the watershed. Our analyses produced the following results. Spawning by brook trout was concentrated in streams with small basin areas (i.e., segments draining less than 3 km2), relatively high alkalinity (>10 mg CaCO3/L), and high amounts of instream cover. The spatial distribution of juvenile and small-adult brook trout within the watershed was relatively stable and was significantly correlated with spawning intensity. However, no such relationship was observed for large adults, which exhibited highly variable distribution patterns related to seasonally important habitat features, including instream cover, stream depth and width, and riparian canopy cover. Brook trout survival and immigration rates varied seasonally, spatially, and among size-classes. Differential survival and immigration tended to concentrate juveniles and small adults in small, alkaline streams, whereas dispersal tended to redistribute large adults at the watershed scale. Our results suggest that spatial and temporal variations in spawning, survival, and movement interact to determine the distribution, abundance, and size structure of brook trout populations at a watershed scale. These results underscore the importance of small tributaries for the persistence of brook trout in this watershed and the need to consider watershed-scale processes when designing management plans for Appalachian brook trout populations. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T03-229.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Petty, J., Lamothe, P.J., and Mazik, P.M., 2005, Spatial and seasonal dynamics of brook trout populations inhabiting a central Appalachian watershed: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 3, p. 572-587, https://doi.org/10.1577/T03-229.1.","startPage":"572","endPage":"587","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T03-229.1"},{"id":240165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b942ae4b08c986b31a8df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petty, J.T.","contributorId":61644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazik, P. M.","contributorId":14185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029681,"text":"70029681 - 2005 - A moving hum filter to suppress rotor noise in high-resolution airborne magnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70029681","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A moving hum filter to suppress rotor noise in high-resolution airborne magnetic data","docAbstract":"A unique filtering approach is developed to eliminate helicopter rotor noise. It is designed to suppress harmonic noise from a rotor that varies slightly in amplitude, phase, and frequency and that contaminates aero-magnetic data. The filter provides a powerful harmonic noise-suppression tool for data acquired with modern large-dynamic-range recording systems. This three-step approach - polynomial fitting, bandpass filtering, and rotor-noise synthesis - significantly reduces rotor noise without altering the spectra of signals of interest. Two steps before hum filtering - polynomial fitting and bandpass filtering - are critical to accurately model the weak rotor noise. During rotor-noise synthesis, amplitude, phase, and frequency are determined. Data are processed segment by segment so that there is no limit on the length of data. The segment length changes dynamically along a line based on modeling results. Modeling the rotor noise is stable and efficient. Real-world data examples demonstrate that this method can suppress rotor noise by more than 95% when implemented in an aeromagnetic data-processing flow. ?? 2005 Society of Exploration Geophysicists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.1990216","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Doll, W., Miller, R., Gamey, T., and Emond, A., 2005, A moving hum filter to suppress rotor noise in high-resolution airborne magnetic data: Geophysics, v. 70, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1990216.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1990216"},{"id":240607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e489e4b0c8380cd466d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doll, W.E.","contributorId":69024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doll","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gamey, T.J.","contributorId":60921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamey","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Emond, A.M.","contributorId":91375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emond","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029693,"text":"70029693 - 2005 - Application of wavelet analysis for monitoring the hydrologic effects of dam operation: Glen canyon dam and the Colorado River at lees ferry, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029693","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of wavelet analysis for monitoring the hydrologic effects of dam operation: Glen canyon dam and the Colorado River at lees ferry, Arizona","docAbstract":"Wavelet analysis is a powerful tool with which to analyse the hydrologic effects of dam construction and operation on river systems. Using continuous records of instantaneous discharge from the Lees Ferry gauging station and records of daily mean discharge from upstream tributaries, we conducted wavelet analyses of the hydrologic structure of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. The wavelet power spectrum (WPS) of daily mean discharge provided a highly compressed and integrative picture of the post-dam elimination of pronounced annual and sub-annual flow features. The WPS of the continuous record showed the influence of diurnal and weekly power generation cycles, shifts in discharge management, and the 1996 experimental flood in the post-dam period. Normalization of the WPS by local wavelet spectra revealed the fine structure of modulation in discharge scale and amplitude and provides an extremely efficient tool with which to assess the relationships among hydrologic cycles and ecological and geomorphic systems. We extended our analysis to sections of the Snake River and showed how wavelet analysis can be used as a data mining technique. The wavelet approach is an especially promising tool with which to assess dam operation in less well-studied regions and to evaluate management attempts to reconstruct desired flow characteristics. Copyright ?? 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.827","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"White, M., Schmidt, J.C., and Topping, D., 2005, Application of wavelet analysis for monitoring the hydrologic effects of dam operation: Glen canyon dam and the Colorado River at lees ferry, Arizona: River Research and Applications, v. 21, no. 5, p. 551-565, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.827.","startPage":"551","endPage":"565","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212735,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.827"}],"volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecc1e4b0c8380cd49473","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, M.A.","contributorId":8312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, J. C.","contributorId":60245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Topping, D.J. 0000-0002-2104-4577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":53927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029691,"text":"70029691 - 2005 - Isotopic composition of Antarctic Dry Valley nitrate: Implications for NOy sources and cycling in Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T13:53:27","indexId":"70029691","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic composition of Antarctic Dry Valley nitrate: Implications for NOy sources and cycling in Antarctica","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nitrates minerals from the Dry Valleys of Antarctica have been analyzed for their oxygen and nitrogen isotopic compositions. The </span><sup>15</sup><span>N was depleted with δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values ranging from −9.5 to −26.2‰, whereas the </span><sup>17</sup><span>O and </span><sup>18</sup><span>O isotopes were highly enriched (with excess </span><sup>17</sup><span>O) with δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values spanning 62–76‰ and Δ</span><sup>17</sup><span>O values from 28.9 to 32.7‰. These are the largest </span><sup>17</sup><span>O enrichments observed in any known mineral. The oxygen isotopes indicate that nitrate is from a combination of tropospheric transport of photochemically produced HNO</span><sub>3</sub><span> and HNO</span><sub>3</sub><span> formed in the stratosphere.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004GL022121","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Michalski, G., Bockheim, J.G., Kendall, C., and Thiemens, M., 2005, Isotopic composition of Antarctic Dry Valley nitrate: Implications for NOy sources and cycling in Antarctica: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 13, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL022121.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487594,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl022121","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212706,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL022121"}],"volume":"32","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f9ce4b0c8380cd64670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michalski, G.","contributorId":40800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michalski","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bockheim, James G.","contributorId":41948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bockheim","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thiemens, M.","contributorId":60850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiemens","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029674,"text":"70029674 - 2005 - Observations of premonitory acoustic emission and slip nucleation during a stick slip experiment in smooth faulted Westerly granite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70029674","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of premonitory acoustic emission and slip nucleation during a stick slip experiment in smooth faulted Westerly granite","docAbstract":"To investigate laboratory earthquakes, stick-slip events were induced on a saw-cut Westerly granite sample by triaxial loading at 150 MPa confining pressure. Acoustic emissions (AE) were monitored using an innovative continuous waveform recorder. The first motion of each stick slip was recorded as a large-amplitude AE signal. These events source locate onto the saw-cut fault plane, implying that they represent the nucleation sites of the dynamic failure stick-slip events. The precise location of nucleation varied between events and was probably controlled by heterogeneity of stress or surface conditions on the fault. The initial nucleation diameter of each dynamic instability was inferred to be less than 3 mm. A small number of AE were recorded prior to each macro slip event. For the second and third slip events, premonitory AE source mechanisms mimic the large scale fault plane geometry. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL022750","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Thompson, B., Young, R., and Lockner, D., 2005, Observations of premonitory acoustic emission and slip nucleation during a stick slip experiment in smooth faulted Westerly granite: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 10, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022750.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477761,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl022750","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212911,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022750"}],"volume":"32","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a9ce4b0c8380cd7428c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, B.D.","contributorId":40804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, R.P.","contributorId":57267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029694,"text":"70029694 - 2005 - Selenium impacts on razorback sucker, Colorado: Colorado River: III. Larvae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T11:17:59","indexId":"70029694","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium impacts on razorback sucker, Colorado: Colorado River: III. Larvae","docAbstract":"<p><span>Razorback sucker (</span><i>Xyrauchen texanus</i><span>) larvae from adults exposed to selenium at three sites near Grand Junction, Colorado, for 9 months were used in a 30-day waterborne and dietary selenium study. Selenium concentrations in water averaged &lt;1.6</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μg/L from 24-Road, 0.9</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μg/L from Horsethief, 5.5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μg/L from Adobe Creek, and 10.7</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μg/L from the North Pond. Selenium in dietary items averaged 2.7</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μg/g in brine shrimp, 5.6</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μg/g in zooplankton from Horsethief east wetland, 20</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μg/g in zooplankton from Adobe Creek, and 39</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μg/g in zooplankton from North Pond. The lowest survival occurred in larvae fed zooplankton rather than brine shrimp. Survival of larvae at Adobe Creek and North Pond was lower in site water than in reference water. Survival of brood stock larvae was higher than Horsethief larvae even though they received the same water and dietary treatments. Arsenic concentrations in brine shrimp may have resulted in an antagonistic interaction with selenium and reduced adverse effects in larvae. Deformities in larvae from North Pond were similar to those reported for selenium-induced teratogenic deformities in other fish species. Selenium concentrations of ⩾4.6</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μg/g in food resulted in rapid mortality of larvae from Horsethief, Adobe Creek, and North Pond, and suggested that selenium toxicity in the Colorado River could limit recovery of this endangered fish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.07.004","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S., Holley, K.M., Buhl, K.J., and Bullard, F.A., 2005, Selenium impacts on razorback sucker, Colorado: Colorado River: III. Larvae: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 61, no. 2, p. 168-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.07.004.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"189","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cf2e4b08c986b3181d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holley, Kathy M.","contributorId":177031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holley","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9963-2352 kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-2352","contributorId":1396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Kevin","email":"kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bullard, Fern A.","contributorId":176674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bullard","given":"Fern","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029680,"text":"70029680 - 2005 - A map overlay error model based on boundary geometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70029680","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1769,"text":"Geographical Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A map overlay error model based on boundary geometry","docAbstract":"An error model for quantifying the magnitudes and variability of errors generated in the areas of polygons during spatial overlay of vector geographic information system layers is presented. Numerical simulation of polygon boundary displacements was used to propagate coordinate errors to spatial overlays. The model departs from most previous error models in that it incorporates spatial dependence of coordinate errors at the scale of the boundary segment. It can be readily adapted to match the scale of error-boundary interactions responsible for error generation on a given overlay. The area of error generated by overlay depends on the sinuosity of polygon boundaries, as well as the magnitude of the coordinate errors on the input layers. Asymmetry in boundary shape has relatively little effect on error generation. Overlay errors are affected by real differences in boundary positions on the input layers, as well as errors in the boundary positions. Real differences between input layers tend to compensate for much of the error generated by coordinate errors. Thus, the area of change measured on an overlay layer produced by the XOR overlay operation will be more accurate if the area of real change depicted on the overlay is large. The model presented here considers these interactions, making it especially useful for estimating errors studies of landscape change over time. ?? 2005 The Ohio State University.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geographical Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1538-4632.2005.00585.x","issn":"00167363","usgsCitation":"Gaeuman, D., Symanzik, J., and Schmidt, J.C., 2005, A map overlay error model based on boundary geometry: Geographical Analysis, v. 37, no. 3, p. 350-369, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2005.00585.x.","startPage":"350","endPage":"369","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2005.00585.x"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e449e4b0c8380cd46552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaeuman, D.","contributorId":73807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaeuman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Symanzik, J.","contributorId":61651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symanzik","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, J. C.","contributorId":60245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029679,"text":"70029679 - 2005 - Seed storage conditions change the germination pattern of clonal growth plants in Mediterranean salt marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-16T10:18:07","indexId":"70029679","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seed storage conditions change the germination pattern of clonal growth plants in Mediterranean salt marshes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effect of salinity level and extended exposure to different salinity and flooding conditions on germination patterns of three salt‐marsh clonal growth plants (</span><i>Juncus subulatus</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Scirpus litoralis</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>S. maritimus</i><span>) was studied. Seed exposure to extended flooding and saline conditions significantly affected the outcome of the germination process in a different, though predictable, way for each species, after favorable conditions for germination were restored. Tolerance of the germination process was related to the average salinity level measured during the growth/germination season at sites where established individuals of each species dominated the species cover. No relationship was found between salinity tolerance of the germination process and seed response to extended exposure to flooding and salinity conditions. The salinity response was significantly related to the conditions prevailing in the habitats of the respective species during the unfavorable (nongrowth/nongermination) season. Our results indicate that changes in salinity and hydrology while seeds are dormant affect the outcome of the seed‐bank response, even when conditions at germination are identical. Because these environmental‐history‐dependent responses differentially affect seed germination, seedling density, and probably sexual recruitment in the studied and related species, these influences should be considered for wetland restoration and management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.3732/ajb.92.7.1094","issn":"00029122","usgsCitation":"Espinar, J.L., Garcia, L.V., and Clemente, L., 2005, Seed storage conditions change the germination pattern of clonal growth plants in Mediterranean salt marshes: American Journal of Botany, v. 92, no. 7, p. 1094-1101, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.92.7.1094.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1094","endPage":"1101","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477784,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.92.7.1094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","otherGeospatial":"Doñana National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -6.1887359619140625,\n              37.01214838530321\n            ],\n            [\n              -5.937767028808594,\n              37.01214838530321\n            ],\n            [\n              -5.937767028808594,\n              37.112145754751516\n            ],\n            [\n              -6.1887359619140625,\n              37.112145754751516\n            ],\n            [\n              -6.1887359619140625,\n              37.01214838530321\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ac8e4b08c986b317392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Espinar, J. L.","contributorId":45105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espinar","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, L. V.","contributorId":37137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clemente, L.","contributorId":58103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemente","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029678,"text":"70029678 - 2005 - Quarantine of Aeromonas salmonicida-harboring ebonyshell mussels (Fusconaia ebena) prevents transmission of the pathogen to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T16:41:38.941308","indexId":"70029678","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Quarantine of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>-harboring ebonyshell mussels (<i>Fusconaia ebena</i>) prevents transmission of the pathogen to brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>)","title":"Quarantine of Aeromonas salmonicida-harboring ebonyshell mussels (Fusconaia ebena) prevents transmission of the pathogen to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Furunculosis, caused by the bacterium&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Aeromonas salmonicida</span></i><span>, was artificially induced in brook trout (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Salvelinus fontinalis</span></i><span>) in an experimental tank. Ebonyshells (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Fusconaia ebena</span></i><span>) were placed to cohabit with these fish to acquire the pathogen through siphoning. After 2 wk of cohabitation, 10 of the mussels were assayed by bacterial culture and all were found to harbor&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">A. salmonicida</span><span>. The mean cell count from soft tissue homogenates was 1.84 × 10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;cfu/g, which comprised an average 14.41% of the total bacteria isolated from tissues. From the fluids, a mean of 2.84 × 10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">A. salmonicida</span></i><span>&nbsp;cfu/mL was isolated, which comprised an average of 17.29% of the total bacterial flora. The mussels were removed from the cohabitation tank and distributed equally among five previously disinfected tanks, 35 per tank. The&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">F. ebena</span></i><span>&nbsp;in each tank were allowed to depurate&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">A. salmonicida</span></i><span>&nbsp;for various durations: 1, 5, 10, 15 or 30 days. After each group had depurated for their assigned time, 10 were assayed for bacteria, tank water was tested, and 20 pathogen-free bioindicator brook trout were added to cohabit with the remaining mussels. Depuration was considered successful if&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">A. salmonicida</span></i><span>&nbsp;was not isolated from tank water or the mussels, and there was no infection or mortality to bioindicator fish. After 1 day of depuration,&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">A. salmonicida</span></i><span>&nbsp;was not isolated from the soft tissues; however, it was isolated from one of the paired fluids (10% prevalence). The tank water tested positive, and the bioindicator fish became infected and died. From the 5-day depuration group,&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">A. salmonicida</span></i><span>&nbsp;was not isolated from soft tissues, but was isolated from three fluids (30%; mean = 1.56 × 10</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;cfu/mL). Tank water from the 5-day group was negative, and there was no mortality among the bioindicator fish. However,&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">A. salmonicida</span></i><span>&nbsp;was isolated from 2 of 20 fish at the end of the 14-day observation period. One&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">F. ebena</span></i><span>&nbsp;fluid sample was positive for&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">A. salmonicida</span></i><span>&nbsp;from the 10-day depuration group, but none of the soft tissue homogenates. The pathogen was not isolated from 10-day tank water, but there was a 30% cumulative mortality to the bioindicator fish.&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Aeromonas salmonicida</span></i><span>&nbsp;was not isolated from any of the soft tissue homogenates, fluids or tank water from the 15 day or 30 day depuration groups, and the bioindicator fish remained pathogen- and disease-free. Study results showed that the&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">F. ebena</span></i><span>&nbsp;were harboring a high&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">A. salmonicida</span></i><span>&nbsp;cell load going into depuration, but at 15 days and beyond, the pathogen had been depurated to the extent that the mussels did not serve as pathogen vectors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Shellfisheries Association","doi":"10.2983/0730-8000(2005)24[573:QOASEM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Starliper, C.E., 2005, Quarantine of Aeromonas salmonicida-harboring ebonyshell mussels (Fusconaia ebena) prevents transmission of the pathogen to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis): Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 573-578, https://doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2005)24[573:QOASEM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"578","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a924de4b0c8380cd8079e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starliper, Clifford E. cstarliper@usgs.gov","contributorId":1948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starliper","given":"Clifford","email":"cstarliper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70197200,"text":"70197200 - 2005 - Porphyry copper deposit density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T16:52:55","indexId":"70197200","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Porphyry copper deposit density","docAbstract":"<p>Estimating numbers of undiscovered mineral deposits has been a source of unease among economic geologists yet is a fundamental task in considering future supplies of resources. Estimates can be based on frequencies of deposits per unit of permissive area in control areas around the world in the same way that grade and tonnage frequencies are models of sizes and qualities of undiscovered deposits. To prevent biased estimates it is critical that, for a particular deposit type, these deposit density models be internally consistent with descriptive and grade and tonnage models of the same type. In this analysis only deposits and prospects that are likely to be included in future grade and tonnage models are employed, and deposits that have mineralization or alteration separated by less than an arbitrary but consistent distance—2 km for porphyry copper deposits—are combined into one deposit. Only 286 deposits and prospects that have more than half of the deposit not covered by postmineral rocks, sediments, or ice were counted.</p><p>Nineteen control areas were selected and outlined along borders of hosting magmatic arc terranes based on three main features: (1) extensive exploration for porphyry copper deposits, (2) definable geologic settings of the porphyry copper deposits in island and continental volcanic-arc subduction-boundary zones, and (3) diversity of epochs of porphyry copper deposit formation.</p><p>Porphyry copper deposit densities vary from 2 to 128 deposits per 100,000 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of exposed permissive rock, and the density histogram is skewed to high values. Ninety percent of the control areas have densities of four or more deposits, 50 percent have densities of 15 or more deposits, and 10 percent have densities of 35 or more deposits per 100,000 km<sup>2</sup>. Deposit density is not related to age or depth of emplacement. Porphyry copper deposit density is inversely related to the exposed area of permissive rock. The linear regression line and confidence limits constructed with the 19 control areas can be used to estimate the number of undiscovered deposits, given the size of a permissive area. In an example of the use of the equations, we estimate a 90 percent chance of at least four, a 50 percent chance of at least 11, and a 10 percent chance of at least 34 undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in the exposed parts of the Andean belt of Antarctica, which has no known deposits in a permissive area of about 76,000 km<sup>2</sup>. Measures of densities of deposits presented here allow rather simple yet robust estimation of the number of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in exposed or covered permissive terranes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.100.3.491","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., Berger, V., Menzie, W.D., and Berger, B.R., 2005, Porphyry copper deposit density: Economic Geology, v. 100, no. 3, p. 491-514, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.100.3.491.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"514","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b157dade4b092d9651e2027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Vladimir vladimir@usgs.gov","contributorId":2795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Vladimir","email":"vladimir@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menzie, W. David","contributorId":15645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":735977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029439,"text":"70029439 - 2005 - Ranking the risk of wildlife species hazardous to military aircraft","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T16:51:29.484583","indexId":"70029439","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ranking the risk of wildlife species hazardous to military aircraft","docAbstract":"<p><span>Collisions between birds and aircraft (birdstrikes) pose a major threat to aviation safety. Different species pose different levels of threat; thus, identification of the most hazardous species can help managers identify the level of hazard and prioritize mitigation efforts. Dolbeer et al. (2000) assessed the hazard posed by birds to civilian aircraft by analyzing data from the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Wildlife Strike Database to rank the hazardous species and species groups. A similar analysis has not been done for the military but would be useful and necessary. Military flight characteristics differ from those of civilian flights. During the period 1985–1998, birdstrikes cost the United States Air Force (USAF) an average of $35 million/year in damage. Using the USAF Birdstrike Database, we selected and evaluated each species or species group by the number of strikes recorded in each of 3 damage categories. We weighted damage categories to reflect extent and cost of damage. The USAF Birdstrike Database contained 25,519 records of wildlife strikes in the United States. During the period 1985–1998, 22 (mean = 1.6/year) Class-A birdstrikes (&gt;$1,000,000 damage, loss of aircraft, loss of life, or permanent total disability) were sustained, accounting for 80% of total monetary losses caused by birds. Vultures (</span><i>Cathartes aura, Coragyps atratus, Caracara cheriway</i><span>) were ranked the most hazardous species group (Hazard Index Rank [HIR] = 127) to USAF aircraft, followed by geese (</span><i>Branta canadensis, Chen caerulescens</i><span>, HIR = 76), pelicans (</span><i>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, P. occidentalis</i><span>, HIR = 47), and buteos (</span><i>Buteo</i><span>&nbsp;sp., HIR = 30). Of the smaller flocking birds, blackbirds and starlings (mostly&nbsp;</span><i>Agelaius phoeniceus, Euphagus cyanocephalus, Molothrus ater, Sturnus vulgaris</i><span>, HIR = 46), horned larks (</span><i>Eremophila alpestris</i><span>, HIR = 24), and swallows (Families Hirundinidae, Apodidae, HIR = 23) were species groups ranked highest. Coupling these results with local bird census data to adjust hazard rank indices to specific locations can facilitate hazard management and lead to meaningful reductions in hazards and costs associated with birdstrikes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[258:RTROWS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Zakrajsek, E.J., and Bissonette, J.A., 2005, Ranking the risk of wildlife species hazardous to military aircraft: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 1, p. 258-264, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[258:RTROWS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94b0e4b0c8380cd8156a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zakrajsek, E. J.","contributorId":94850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zakrajsek","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bissonette, John A.","contributorId":15503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bissonette","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001909,"text":"1001909 - 2005 - Parental nest defense on videotape: More reality than \"myth\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:09:51","indexId":"1001909","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parental nest defense on videotape: More reality than \"myth\"","docAbstract":"<p>Predation is recognized as the primary source of nest mortality in most passerine species (e.g. Ricklefs 1969, Martin 1992a); thus, it is no surprise that parental nest defense has received considerable scientific attention (see below). By nest defense, we refer to any parental behavior that decreases the probability that a predator (or brood parasite) will harm the nest contents and that simultaneously entails some cost to the bird engaged in the behavior—either by increasing the bird's risk of injury or death (Montgomerie and Weatherhead 1988) or by at least increasing its expenditure of time and energy (Buitron 1983).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0701:PNDOVM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P., and Granfors, D.A., 2005, Parental nest defense on videotape: More reality than \"myth\": The Auk, v. 122, no. 2, p. 701-705, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0701:PNDOVM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"701","endPage":"705","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477752,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1642/0004-8038%282005%29122%5B0701%3APNDOVM%5D2.0.CO%3B2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a893b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pietz, Pamela J. ppietz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"Pamela J.","email":"ppietz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granfors, Diane A.","contributorId":174567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granfors","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016368,"text":"1016368 - 2005 - Observations of Interspecific amplexus between western North American ranid frogs and the introduced American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and an hypothesis concerning breeding interference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-03T15:40:45.542067","indexId":"1016368","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of Interspecific amplexus between western North American ranid frogs and the introduced American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and an hypothesis concerning breeding interference","docAbstract":"<p><span>Introduced American bullfrogs (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Rana catesbeiana</span></i><span>) come in contact with native amphibians on four continents and are well established in lowlands of western North America. To date, research on the effects of introduced bullfrogs on native frogs has focused on competition and predation, and is based largely on larval interactions. We present observations of interspecific amplexus between bullfrogs and two native ranid frogs (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">R. aurora</span></i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">R. pretiosa</span></i><span>) from six sites across the Pacific Northwest that imply that this interaction is more widespread than currently recognized. Our observations indicate that&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">R. catesbeiana</span></i><span>&nbsp;juveniles and subadults in this region are of appropriate size to elicit marked amplectic responses from males of both native species. Our literature review suggests that greater opportunity may exist for pairings between&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">R. catesbeiana</span></i><span>&nbsp;and native&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">R. aurora</span></i><span>&nbsp;or&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">R. pretiosa</span></i><span>&nbsp;than among syntopic native ranids in western North America. We hypothesize that interspecific amplexus with introduced&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">R. catesbeiana</span></i><span>&nbsp;could result in reproductive interference with negative demographic consequences in native ranid populations that have been reduced or altered by other stressors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0126:OOIABW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pearl, C., Hayes, M., Haycock, R., Engler, J.D., and Bowerman, J., 2005, Observations of Interspecific amplexus between western North American ranid frogs and the introduced American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and an hypothesis concerning breeding interference: American Midland Naturalist, v. 154, no. 1, p. 126-134, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0126:OOIABW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69653a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":84316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, M.P.","contributorId":56174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haycock, Russ","contributorId":22735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haycock","given":"Russ","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engler, Joseph D.","contributorId":69943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engler","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowerman, Jay","contributorId":57024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowerman","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1016353,"text":"1016353 - 2005 - A complete species census and evidence for regional declines in piping plovers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T14:23:59.91057","indexId":"1016353","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A complete species census and evidence for regional declines in piping plovers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Complete population estimates for widely distributed species are rarely possible. However, for the third time in 10 years, an International Piping Plover (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Charadrius melodus</span></i><span>) Breeding and Winter Census was conducted throughout the species range in 2001. Nearly 1,400 participants from 32 U.S. states and Puerto Rico; 9 Canadian provinces; St. Pierre and Miquelon, France; Cuba; and the Bahamas visited 2,244 sites covering 11,836 km of shoreline habitat. During the winter census, 2,389 piping plovers were observed at 33.5% of potentially occupied sites (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 352). Of these, 56.8% had ≤ 10 birds present. The breeding census recorded 5,945 adults at 777 of 1,892 sites surveyed. More than 80% of sites with piping plovers present had ≤ 10 birds. Results indicated an 8.4% increase from 1991 but only a 0.2% increase since 1996. Regional trends suggest that since 1991, number of breeding birds increased on the Atlantic Coast by 78% (2,920 birds; 12.4% increase since 1996) and by 80% in the Great Lakes (72 birds; 50% increase since 1996). However, plovers declined 15% (2,953 birds; 10% decline since 1996) in Prairie Canada/U.S. northern Great Plains. Subregional trends since 1991 reflect a 32.4% decline in Prairie Canada (972 birds; 42.4% decline since 1996), a 2.5% decline in the U.S. northern Great Plains (1,981 birds; 24% increase since 1996), 5.5% decline in eastern Canada (481 birds; 14% increase since 1996), although a 66.2% increase on the U.S. Atlantic Coast (2,430 birds; 12% since 1996). While numbers were down in much of the U.S. northern Great Plains since 1996, an increase (460%, 1,048 birds; 67.7% increase since 1991) was detected on the Missouri River. Results from 3 complete species census efforts provide essential data for conservation planning and assessment and illustrate the utility of global censuses for species of concern.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069%3C0160:ACSCAE%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Haig, S.M., Ferland, C.L., Cuthbert, F.J., Dingledine, J., Goossen, J.P., Hecht, A., and McPhillips, N., 2005, A complete species census and evidence for regional declines in piping plovers: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 1, p. 160-173, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069%3C0160:ACSCAE%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd49a8e4b0b290850ef50c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferland, C. L.","contributorId":102842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferland","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuthbert, Francesca J.","contributorId":267171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cuthbert","given":"Francesca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dingledine, J.","contributorId":43728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dingledine","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goossen, J. P.","contributorId":32890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goossen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hecht, A.","contributorId":99525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hecht","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McPhillips, N.","contributorId":67478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McPhillips","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
]}