The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of a nitrate-rich nutrient solution and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to enhance in-situ microbial remediation of toluene in the unsaturated zone. Three sand-filled plots were tested in three phases (each phase lasting approximately 2 weeks). During the control phase, toluene was applied uniformly via sprinkler irrigation. Passive remediation was allowed to occur during this phase. A modified Hoagland nutrient solution, concentrated in 150 L of water, was tested during the second phase. The final phase involved addition of 230 moles of H2O2 in 150 L of water to increase the available oxygen needed for aerobic biodegradation.
During the first phase, measured toluene concentrations in soil gas were reduced from 120 ppm to 25 ppm in 14 days. After the addition of nutrients during the second phase, concentrations were reduced from 90 ppm to about 8 ppm within 14 days, and for the third phase (H2O2), toluene concentrations were about 1 ppm after only 5 days. Initial results suggest that this method could be an effective means of remediating a contaminated site, directly after a BTEX spill, without the intrusiveness and high cost of other abatement technologies such as bioventing or soil-vapor extraction. However, further tests need to be completed to determine the effect of each of the BTEX components.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-005-3584-4","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Tindall, J., Weeks, E., and Friedel, M., 2005, Part 2: A field study of enhanced remediation of Toluene in the vadose zone using a nutrient solution: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 168, no. 1-4, p. 359-389, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-3584-4.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"389","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211203,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-3584-4"}],"volume":"168","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7518e4b0c8380cd779b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tindall, J.A.","contributorId":25711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weeks, E.P.","contributorId":38514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedel, M.","contributorId":60846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027828,"text":"70027828 - 2005 - Percolation and transport in a sandy soil under a natural hydraulic gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T08:23:09","indexId":"70027828","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Percolation and transport in a sandy soil under a natural hydraulic gradient","docAbstract":"Unsaturated flow and transport under a natural hydraulic gradient in a Mediterranean climate were investigated with a field tracer experiment combined with laboratory analyses and numerical modeling. Bromide was applied to the surface of a sandy soil during the dry season. During the subsequent rainy season, repeated sediment sampling tracked the movement of bromide through the profile. Analysis of data on moisture content, matric pressure, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, and soil texture and structure provides insights into parameterization and use of the advective‐dispersive modeling approach. Capturing the gross features of tracer and moisture movement with model simulations required an order‐of‐magnitude increase in laboratory‐measured hydraulic conductivity. Wetting curve characteristics better represented field results, calling into question the routine estimation of hydraulic characteristics based only on drying conditions. Measured increases in profile moisture exceeded cumulative precipitation in early winter, indicating that gains from dew drip can exceed losses from evapotranspiration during periods of heavy (“Tule”) fog. A single‐continuum advective‐dispersive modeling approach could not reproduce a peak of bromide that was retained near the soil surface for over 3 years. Modeling of this feature required slow exchange of solute at a transfer rate of 0.5–1 × 10−4 d−1 with an immobile volume approaching the residual moisture content.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004061","usgsCitation":"Green, C.T., Stonestrom, D.A., Bekins, B.A., Akstin, K.C., and Schulz, M., 2005, Percolation and transport in a sandy soil under a natural hydraulic gradient: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 10, W10414; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004061.","productDescription":"W10414; 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7674e4b0c8380cd7810f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Akstin, Katherine C.","contributorId":88023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schulz, Marjorie S. 0000-0001-5597-6447 mschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-6447","contributorId":3720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Marjorie S.","email":"mschulz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027898,"text":"70027898 - 2005 - Effect of ferric oxyhydroxide grain coatings on the transport of bacteriophage PRD1 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in saturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T07:55:39","indexId":"70027898","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of ferric oxyhydroxide grain coatings on the transport of bacteriophage PRD1 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in saturated porous media","docAbstract":"To test the effect of geochemical heterogeneity on microorganism transport in saturated porous media, we measured the removal of two microorganisms, the bacteriophage PRD1 and oocysts of the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, in flow-through columns of quartz sand coated by different amounts of a ferric oxyhydroxide. The experiments were conducted over ranges of ferric oxyhydroxide coating fraction of λ = 0−0.12 for PRD1 and from λ = 0−0.32 for the oocysts at pH 5.6−5.8 and 10-4 M ionic strength. To determine the effect of pH on the transport of the oocysts, experiments were also conducted over a pH range of 5.7−10.0 at a coating fraction of λ = 0.04. Collision (attachment) efficiencies increased as the fraction of ferric oxyhydroxide coated quartz sand increased, from α = 0.0071 to 0.13 over λ = 0−0.12 for PRD1 and from α = 0.059 to 0.75 over λ = 0−0.32 for the oocysts. Increasing the pH from 5.7 to 10.0 resulted in a decrease in the oocyst collision efficiency as the pH exceeded the expected point of zero charge of the ferric oxyhydroxide coatings. The collision efficiencies correlated very well with the fraction of quartz sand coated by the ferric oxyhydroxide for PRD1 but not as well for the oocysts.
Hyetographs and storm depth distributions are important elements of hydraulic design by Texas Department of Transportation engineers. Design hyetographs are used in conjunction with unit hydrographs to obtain peak discharge and hydrograph shape for hydraulic design. Storm-depth distributions can be used to assess the probability of a total rainfall depth for a storm. A research project from 2000–2004 has been conducted to (1) determine if existing Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) dimensionless hyetographs are representative of storms in Texas, (2) provide new procedures for dimensionless hyetograph estimation if the NRCS hyetographs are not representative, and (3) provide a procedure to estimate the distribution of storm depth for Texas. This report summarizes the research activities and results of the research project. The report documents several functional models of dimensionless hyetographs and provides curves and tabulated ordinates of empirical (nonfunctional) dimensionless hyetographs for a database of runoff-producing storms in Texas. The dimensionless hyetographs are compared to the NRCS dimensionless hyetographs. The distribution of storm depth is documented for seven values of minimum interevent time through dimensionless frequency curves and tables of mean storm depth for each county in Texas. Conclusions regarding application of the research results are included in the report.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., Roussel, M.C., Thompson, D.B., Cleveland, T., and Fang, X., 2005, Summary of dimensionless Texas hyetographs and distribution of storm depth developed for Texas Department of Transportation research project 0–4194, viii, 68 p.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c1683de4b0f2f0ceb90834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roussel, Meghan C. mroussel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roussel","given":"Meghan","email":"mroussel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":647142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, David B.","contributorId":79954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cleveland, Theodore G.","contributorId":88029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Theodore G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fang, Xing","contributorId":27134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fang","given":"Xing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028015,"text":"70028015 - 2005 - Fates of eroded soil organic carbon: Mississippi Basin case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T14:11:59.821442","indexId":"70028015","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fates of eroded soil organic carbon: Mississippi Basin case study","docAbstract":"We have developed a mass balance analysis of organic carbon (OC) across the five major river subsystems of the Mississippi (MS) Basin (an area of 3.2 × 106 km2). This largely agricultural landscape undergoes a bulk soil erosion rate of ∼480 t·km−2·yr−1 (∼1500 × 106 t/yr, across the MS Basin), and a soil organic carbon (SOC) erosion rate of ∼7 t·km−2·yr−1 (∼22 × 106 t/yr). Erosion translocates upland SOC to alluvial deposits, water impoundments, and the ocean. Soil erosion is generally considered to be a net source of CO2 release to the atmosphere in global budgets. However, our results indicate that SOC erosion and relocation of soil apparently can reduce the net SOC oxidation rate of the original upland SOC while promoting net replacement of eroded SOC in upland soils that were eroded. Soil erosion at the MS Basin scale is, therefore, a net CO2 sink rather than a source.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/05-0073","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.V., Sleezer, R.O., Renwick, W.H., and Buddemeier, R., 2005, Fates of eroded soil organic carbon: Mississippi Basin case study: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1929-1940, https://doi.org/10.1890/05-0073.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1929","endPage":"1940","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1808/16739","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.7802734375,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 31.87755764334002\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 36.421282443649496\n ],\n [\n -82.2216796875,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n -77.82714843749999,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -76.5087890625,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -77.82714843749999,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -85.869140625,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -95.09765625,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -101.513671875,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -106.962890625,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -110.302734375,\n 48.63290858589535\n ],\n [\n -109.423828125,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -104.501953125,\n 39.639537564366684\n ],\n [\n -100.5029296875,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -97.3388671875,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -92.98828125,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -89.7802734375,\n 29.611670115197377\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f15e4b0c8380cd5375d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S. V.","contributorId":89284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sleezer, R. O.","contributorId":63179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleezer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renwick, W. H.","contributorId":64794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renwick","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176103,"text":"70176103 - 2005 - Literature review on timing parameters for hydrographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T16:33:34","indexId":"70176103","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5193,"text":"Austin, Texas Department of Transportation Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"0–4696–1","title":"Literature review on timing parameters for hydrographs","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Austin, Texas Department of Transportation","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","usgsCitation":"Fang, X., Cleveland, T., Garcia, C., Thompson, D., and Malla, R., 2005, Literature review on timing parameters for hydrographs: Austin, Texas Department of Transportation Report 0–4696–1, 72 p.","productDescription":"72 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c016c7e4b0f2f0ceb87354","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fang, Xing","contributorId":27134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fang","given":"Xing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cleveland, Theodore G.","contributorId":88029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Theodore G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, C.A.","contributorId":90128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, David","contributorId":68216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malla, Ranjit","contributorId":174058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malla","given":"Ranjit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027906,"text":"70027906 - 2005 - Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027906","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and implications","docAbstract":"Kelps and other fleshy macroalgae - dominant reef-inhabiting organisms in cool - seasmay have radiated extensively following late Cenozoic polar cooling, thus triggering a chain of evolutionary change in the trophic ecology of nearshore temperate ecosystems. We explore this hypothesis through an analysis of body size in the abalones (Gastropoda; Haliotidae), a widely distributed group in modern oceans that displays a broad range of body sizes and contains fossil representatives from the late Cretaceous (60-75 Ma). Geographic analysis of maximum shell length in living abalones showed that small-bodied species, while most common in the Tropics, have a cosmopolitan distribution, whereas large-bodied species occur exclusively in cold-water ecosystems dominated by kelps and other macroalgae. The phylogeography of body size evolution in extant abalones was assessed by constructing a molecular phylogeny in a mix of large and small species obtained from different regions of the world. This analysis demonstrates that small body size is the plesiomorphic state and largeness has likely arisen at least twice. Finally, we compiled data on shell length from the fossil record to determine how (slowly or suddenly) and when large body size arose in the abalones. These data indicate that large body size appears suddenly at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Our findings support the view that fleshy-algal dominated ecosystems radiated rapidly in the coastal oceans with the onset of the most recent glacial age. We conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of this change. ?? 2005 The Paleontological Society. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0591:EOLBSI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00948373","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., Lindberg, D.R., and Wray, C., 2005, Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and implications: Paleobiology, v. 31, no. 4, p. 591-606, https://doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0591:EOLBSI]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"591","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211058,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0591:EOLBSI]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d82e4b0c8380cd53070","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, D. R.","contributorId":64181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wray, C.","contributorId":9061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027921,"text":"70027921 - 2005 - Geochemistry and jasper beds from the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: origin of proximal and distal siliceous exhalites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T10:02:55","indexId":"70027921","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and jasper beds from the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: origin of proximal and distal siliceous exhalites","docAbstract":"Stratiform beds of jasper (hematitic chert), composed essentially of SiO2 (69–95 wt %) and Fe2O3 (3–25 wt %), can be traced several kilometers along strike in the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway. These siliceous beds are closely associated with volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits and are interpreted as sea-floor gels that were deposited by fallout from hydrothermal plumes in silica-rich seawater, in which plume-derived Fe oxyhydroxide particles promoted flocculation and rapid settling of large (~200 μm) colloidal particles of silica-iron oxyhydroxide.
Concentrations of chalcophile elements in the jasper beds are at the parts per million level implying that sulfide particle fallout was insignificant and that the Si-Fe gel-forming plumes were mainly derived from intermediate- (100°–250°C) to high-temperature (>250°C) white smoker-type vents with high Fe/S ratios. The interpreted setting is similar to that of the Lau basin, where high-temperature (280°–334°C) white smoker venting alternates or overlaps with sulfide mound-forming black smoker venting. Ratios of Al, Sc, Th, Hf, and REE to iron are very low and show that the detrital input was <0.1 percent of the bulk jasper. Most jasper beds are enriched in U, V, P, and Mo relative to the North American Shale Composite, reflecting a predominantly seawater source, whereas REE distribution patterns (positive Eu and negative Ce anomalies) reflect variable mixing of hydrothermal solutions with oxic seawater at dilution ratios of ~102 to 104.
Trace element variations in the gel precursor to the jasper are thought to have been controlled by coprecipitation and/or adsorption by Fe oxyhydroxide particles that formed by the oxidation of hydrothermal Fe2+ within the variably seawater-diluted hydrothermal plume(s). Thick jasper layers near the Høydal VMS orebody show distinct positive As/Fe and Sb/Fe anomalies that are attributed to near-vent rapid settling of Si-Fe particles derived from As- and Sb-rich hydrothermal fluids prior to extensive mixing with seawater in the buoyant plume. Particles that formed later in the highly diluted nonbuoyant plume formed relatively As and Sb poor distal jasper. The large particle sizes and accordingly high settling rates of the particles, together with mass-balance calculations based on modern vent field data, suggest that individual meter-thick jasper beds formed within a plume lifetime of 200 years or less. The lack of thick jasper beds near the Løkken VMS orebody, which is larger than the Høydal orebody by more than two orders of magnitude, probably reflects a shift to anoxic conditions during Løkken mineralization. This environment limited oxidation of iron in the hydrothermal plume and formation of the ferric oxyhydroxides necessary for the flocculation of silica and sea-floor deposition of the gel precursor of the jasper beds.
Distal pyritic and iron-poor cherts are more common than jasper in ancient VMS-hosting sequences. The origin of these other types of siliceous exhalite is enigmatic but at least in some cases involved sulfidation, reduction to magnetite, or dissolution of the original ferric iron in precursor Si-rich gels, either by hydrothermal or diagenetic processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/100.8.1511","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Grenne, T., and Slack, J.F., 2005, Geochemistry and jasper beds from the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: origin of proximal and distal siliceous exhalites: Economic Geology, v. 100, no. 8, p. 1511-1527, https://doi.org/10.2113/100.8.1511.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1511","endPage":"1527","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211210,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/100.8.1511"}],"volume":"100","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16d6e4b0c8380cd5529e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grenne, Tor","contributorId":7460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grenne","given":"Tor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35509,"text":"Geological Survey of Norway","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":415801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027850,"text":"70027850 - 2005 - Comparison of Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers for fecal samples from different animal species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:33:59","indexId":"70027850","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers for fecal samples from different animal species","docAbstract":"To effectively manage surface and ground waters it is necessary to improve our ability to detect and identify sources of fecal contamination. We evaluated the use of the anaerobic bacterial group Bacteroides-Prevotella as a potential fecal indicator. Terminal restriction length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of the 16S rRNA genes from this group was used to determine differences in populations and to identify any unique populations in chickens, cows, deer, dogs, geese, horses, humans, pigs, and seagulls. The group appears to be a good potential fecal indicator in all groups tested except for avians. Cluster analysis of Bacteroides-Prevotella community T-RFLP profiles indicates that Bacteroides-Prevotella populations from samples of the same host species are much more similar to each other than to samples from different source species. We were unable to identify unique peaks that were exclusive to any source species; however, for most host species, at least one T-RFLP peak was identified to be more commonly found in that species, and a combination of peaks could be used to identify the source. T-RFLP profiles obtained from water spiked with known-source feces contained the expected diagnostic peaks from the source. These results indicate that the approach of identifying Bacteroides-Prevotella molecular markers associated with host species might be useful in identifying sources of fecal contamination in the environment.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Biology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.71.10.5999-6007.2005","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Fogarty, L., and Voytek, M., 2005, Comparison of Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers for fecal samples from different animal species: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 71, no. 10, p. 5999-6007, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.10.5999-6007.2005.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5999","endPage":"6007","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477925,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1265916","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211207,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.10.5999-6007.2005"},{"id":238435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f840e4b0c8380cd4cf89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fogarty, L.R.","contributorId":27236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027925,"text":"70027925 - 2005 - Forms and accumulation of soil P in natural and recently restored peatlands - Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027925","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forms and accumulation of soil P in natural and recently restored peatlands - Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Forms, amounts, and accumulation of soil phosphorus (P) were measured in natural and recently restored marshes surrounding Upper Klamath Lake located in south-central Oregon, USA to determine rates of P accumulation in natural marshes and to assess changes in P pools caused by long-term drainage in recently restored marshes. Soil cores were collected from three natural marshes and radiometrically dated to determine recent (l37Cs-based) and long-term (210Pb-based) rates of peat accretion and P accumulation. A second set of soil cores collected from the three natural marshes and from three recently restored marshes was analyzed using a modification of the Hedley procedure to determine the forms and amounts of soil P. Total P in the recently restored marshes (222 to 311 ??g cm-3) was 2-3 times greater than in the natural marshes (103 to 117 ??g cm-3), primarily due to greater bulk density caused by soil subsidence, a consequence of long-term marsh drainage. Occluded Fe- and Al-bound Pi, calcium-bound Pi and residual P were 4 times, 22 times, and 5 times greater, respectively, in the recently restored marshes. More than 67% of the P pool in both the natural and recently restored marshes was present in recalcitrant forms (humic-acid P o and residual P) that provide long-term P storage in peat. Phosphorus accumulation in the natural marshes averaged 0.45 g m-2 yr-1 (137Cs) and 0.40 g m-2 yr-1 (210Pb), providing a benchmark for optimizing P sequestration in the recently restored marshes. Effective P sequestration in the recently restored marshes, however, will depend on re-establishing equilibrium between the P-enriched soils and the P concentration of floodwaters and a hydrologie regime similar to the natural marshes. ?? 2005, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0594:FAAOSP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Graham, S., Craft, C., McCormick, P., and Aldous, A., 2005, Forms and accumulation of soil P in natural and recently restored peatlands - Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA: Wetlands, v. 25, no. 3, p. 594-606, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0594:FAAOSP]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"594","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211258,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0594:FAAOSP]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a135be4b0c8380cd54626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, S.A.","contributorId":82494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craft, C.B.","contributorId":7077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craft","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, P.V.","contributorId":93272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aldous, A.","contributorId":105517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldous","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027853,"text":"70027853 - 2005 - Stream pH as an abiotic gradient influencing distributions of trout in Pennsylvania streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027853","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream pH as an abiotic gradient influencing distributions of trout in Pennsylvania streams","docAbstract":"Elevation and stream slope are abiotic gradients that limit upstream distributions of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta in streams. We sought to determine whether another abiotic gradient, base-flow pH, may also affect distributions of these two species in eastern North America streams. We used historical data from the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission's fisheries management database to explore the effects of reach elevation, slope, and base-flow pH on distributional limits to brook trout and brown trout in Pennsylvania streams in the Appalachian Plateaus and Ridge and Valley physiographic provinces. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to calculate a canonical axis that separated allopatric brook trout populations from allopatric brown trout populations and allowed us to assess which of the three independent variables were important gradients along which communities graded from allopatric brook trout to allopatric brown trout. Canonical structure coefficients from DFA indicated that in both physiographic provinces, stream base-flow pH and slope were important factors in distributional limits; elevation was also an important factor in the Ridge and Valley Province but not the Appalachian Plateaus Province. Graphs of each variable against the proportion of brook trout in a community also identified apparent zones of allopatry for both species on the basis of pH and stream slope. We hypothesize that pH-mediated interspecific competition that favors brook trout in competition with brown trout at lower pH is the most plausible mechanism for segregation of these two species along pH gradients. Our discovery that trout distributions in Pennsylvania are related to stream base-flow pH has important implications for brook trout conservation in acidified regions. Carefully designed laboratory and field studies will be required to test our hypothesis and elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the partitioning of brook trout and brown trout along pH gradients. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T04-177.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Kocovsky, P., and Carline, R., 2005, Stream pH as an abiotic gradient influencing distributions of trout in Pennsylvania streams: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 5, p. 1299-1312, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-177.1.","startPage":"1299","endPage":"1312","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211234,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T04-177.1"},{"id":238473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9a7fe4b08c986b31c98d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocovsky, P.M.","contributorId":78447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carline, R.F.","contributorId":107444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carline","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027950,"text":"70027950 - 2005 - Mapping impervious surface type and sub-pixel abundance using Hyperion hyperspectral imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T19:52:38.016758","indexId":"70027950","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping impervious surface type and sub-pixel abundance using Hyperion hyperspectral imagery","docAbstract":"Impervious surfaces have been identified as an important and quantifiable indicator of environmental degradation in urban settings. A number of research efforts have been directed at mapping impervious surface type using multispectral imagery. To date, however, no studies have compared equivalent techniques using multispectral and hyperspectral imagery to that end. In this study, data from NASA's 220‐channel Hyperion instrument were used to: a) delineate three types of impervious surface, and b) map sub‐pixel percent abundance for a study site near Washington, D.C., USA. The results were compared with the results of similar methods using same‐spatial‐resolution Landsat ETM+ data for mapping impervious surface type, and with the results of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Land Cover Data (NLCD) 2001 impervious surface data layer, which is derived from Landsat and high‐resolution Ikonos data. The accuracy of discriminating impervious surface type using Hyperion data was assessed at 88% versus Landsat at 59%. The sub‐pixel percent impervious map corresponded well with the NLCD 2001; impervious surface in the study area was calculated at 29.3% for NLCD 2001 and 28.4% for the Hyperion‐derived layer. The results suggest that fairly simple techniques using hyperspectral data are effective for quantifying impervious surface type, and that high‐spectral‐resolution imagery may be a good alternative to high‐spatial‐resolution data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106040508542358","usgsCitation":"Falcone, J.A., and Gomez, R., 2005, Mapping impervious surface type and sub-pixel abundance using Hyperion hyperspectral imagery: Geocarto International, v. 20, no. 4, p. 3-10, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106040508542358.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a505be4b0c8380cd6b638","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falcone, James A. 0000-0001-7202-3592 jfalcone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7202-3592","contributorId":614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"James","email":"jfalcone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomez, R.","contributorId":14183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027924,"text":"70027924 - 2005 - Mountain plover population responses to black-tailed prairie dogs in Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027924","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mountain plover population responses to black-tailed prairie dogs in Montana","docAbstract":"We studied a local population of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) in southern Phillips County, Montana, USA, from 1995 to 2000 to estimate annual rates of recruitment rate (f) and population change (??). We used Pradel models, and we modeled ?? as a constant across years, as a linear time trend, as year-specific, and with an additive effect of area occupied by prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). We modeled recruitment rate (f) as a function of area occupied by prairie dogs with the remaining model structure identical to the best model used to estimate ??. Our results indicated a strong negative effect of area occupied by prairie dogs on both ?? (slope coefficient on a log scale was -0.11; 95% CI was -0.17, -0.05) and f (slope coefficient on a logit scale was -0.23; 95% CI was -0.36, -0.10). We also found good evidence for a negative time trend on ??; this model had substantial weight (wi = 0.31), and the slope coefficient on the linear trend on a log scale was -0.10 (95% CI was -0.15, -0.05). Yearly estimates of ?? were >1 in all years except 1999, indicating that the population initially increased and then stabilized in the last year of the study. We found weak evidence for year-specific estimates of ??; the best model with year-specific estimates had a low weight (wi = 0.02), although the pattern of yearly estimates of ?? closely matched those estimated with a linear time trend. In southern Phillips County, the population trend of mountain plovers closely matched the trend in the area occupied by black-tailed prairie dogs. Black-tailed prairie dogs declined sharply in the mid-1990s in response to an outbreak of sylvatic plague, but their numbers have steadily increased since 1996 in concert with increases in plovers. The results of this study (1) increase our understanding of the dynamics of this population and how they relate to the area occupied by prairie dogs, and (2) will be useful for planning plover conservation in a prairie dog ecosystem.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1546:MPPRTB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Dinsmore, S., White, G.C., and Knopf, F., 2005, Mountain plover population responses to black-tailed prairie dogs in Montana: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 4, p. 1546-1553, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1546:MPPRTB]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1546","endPage":"1553","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211237,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1546:MPPRTB]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5eb6e4b0c8380cd70c0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinsmore, S.J.","contributorId":85114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinsmore","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027852,"text":"70027852 - 2005 - Ordovician \"sphinctozoan\" sponges from Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T19:54:47","indexId":"70027852","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ordovician \"sphinctozoan\" sponges from Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"A faunule of silicified hypercalcified \"sphinctozoan\" sponges has been recovered from a clast of Upper Ordovician limestone out of the Early Devonian Karheen Formation on Prince of Wales Island in southeastern Alaska. Included in the faunule are abundant examples of the new genus Girtyocoeliana, represented by Girtyocoeliana epiporata (Rigby and Potter), and Corymbospongia adnata Rigby and Potter, along with rare Corymbospongia amplia n. sp., and Girtyocoelia(?) sp., plus common Amblysiphonella sp. 1 and rare Amblysiphonella(?) sp. 2. The assemblage is similar to that from Ordovician clasts from the eastern Klamath Mountains of northern California. This indicates that the Alexander terrane of southeastern Alaska is related paleogeographically to the lithologically and paleontologically similar terrane of the eastern Klamath Mountains. This lithology and fossil assemblage of the clast cannot be tied to any currently known local rock units on Prince of Wales Island. Other clasts in the conglomerate appear to have been locally derived, so it is inferred that the limestone clasts were also locally derived, indicating the presence of a previously undocumented Ordovician limestone unit on northern Prince of Wales Island.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0862:OSSFPO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Rigby, J., Karl, S.M., Blodgett, R.B., and Baichtal, J., 2005, Ordovician \"sphinctozoan\" sponges from Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska: Journal of Paleontology, v. 79, no. 5, p. 862-870, https://doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0862:OSSFPO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"862","endPage":"870","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269901,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0862:OSSFPO]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"79","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f45e4b0c8380cd759fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rigby, J.K.","contributorId":40332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigby","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blodgett, R. B.","contributorId":25176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baichtal, J.F.","contributorId":94777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baichtal","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175953,"text":"70175953 - 2005 - Alaskan brown bears, humans, and habituation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T13:44:50.978389","indexId":"70175953","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alaskan brown bears, humans, and habituation","docAbstract":"We present a new paradigm for understanding habituation and the role it plays in brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations and interactions with humans in Alaska. We assert that 3 forms of habituation occur in Alaska: bear-to-bear, bear-to-human, and human-to-bear. We present data that supports our theory that bear density is an important factor influencing a bear’s overt reaction distance (ORD); that as bear density increases, overt reaction distance decreases, as does the likelihood of bear– human interactions. We maintain that the effects of bear-to-bear habituation are largely responsible for not only shaping bear aggregations but also for creating the relatively safe environment for bear viewing experienced at areas where there are high densities of brown bears. By promoting a better understanding of the forces that shape bear social interactions within populations and with humans that mingle with them, we can better manage human activities and minimize bear–human conflict.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","doi":"10.2192/1537-6176(2005)016[0001:ABBHAH]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Smith, T., Herrero, S., and DeBruyn, T.D., 2005, Alaskan brown bears, humans, and habituation: Ursus, v. 16, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.2192/1537-6176(2005)016[0001:ABBHAH]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katmai National Park, McNeil River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.4837646484375,\n 57.938183012205315\n ],\n [\n -153.1988525390625,\n 57.938183012205315\n ],\n [\n -153.1988525390625,\n 59.147769484619786\n ],\n [\n -156.4837646484375,\n 59.147769484619786\n ],\n [\n -156.4837646484375,\n 57.938183012205315\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bc2241e4b03fd6b7de1774","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Thomas","contributorId":46416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrero, Stephen","contributorId":39269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrero","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeBruyn, Terry D.","contributorId":173960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeBruyn","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027851,"text":"70027851 - 2005 - Breeding ecology of Spectacled Eiders Somateria fischeri in Northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T19:50:27","indexId":"70027851","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Breeding ecology of Spectacled Eiders Somateria fischeri in Northern Alaska","title":"Breeding ecology of Spectacled Eiders Somateria fischeri in Northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Spectacled Eiders Somateria fischeri were studied on the Colville River delta during 1994-1999, prior to oil field development, to document aspects of breeding biology that are poorly known, especially for northern-nesting populations. Both sexes arrived June 6-12; many males remained for only about 10 days. Density on the 178-km2 study area was 0.48 birds/km 2, comparable to densities reported from extensive surveys in western Alaska and Russia. Wetlands with numerous islands and peninsulas were utilised prior to incubation, a little-studied period. Females spent considerably more time feeding than males (56% vs. 18%). Males travelled, rested and were alert more than females, and actively defended females from intruding males. Whole nest survival was 31% and varied substantially between years, as has been demonstrated in other studies. Brood size showed no detectable decline from hatch about July 10 to mid-August, suggesting low mortality during this period, a sharp contrast with results from a study in a lead-contaminated area of western Alaska in which duckling survival to 30 days post-hatch was 34%. The likelihood of adverse impacts on this threatened species, from oil-related or other activities, can be reduced by industry avoiding areas, throughout the summer, with numerous islands, peninsulas and deep water.
Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve provides unusual and dramatic landscapes shaped by numerous volcanic eruptions, a massive flood, enormous landslides, and ongoing geological change. The focal point of the monument is Aniakchak Caldera, a restless volcano that embodies the instability of the Alaska Peninsula. This geological instability creates a dynamic and challenging environment for the biological occupants of Aniakchak and unparalleled opportunities for scientists to measure the adaptability of organisms and ecosystems to change. The sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) is one member of the Aniakchak ecosystem that has managed to adapt to geologic upheaval and is now thriving in the park. Aside from just surviving in the harsh environment, these salmon are also noteworthy for providing essential marinederived nutrients to plants and animals and as a source of food for historic and present day people in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service, Alaska Support Office","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, Alaska","usgsCitation":"Hamon, T.R., Pavey, S.A., Miller, J.L., and Nielsen, J.L., 2005, Aniakchak sockeye salmon investigations: Alaska Park Science, v. 3, p. 35-39.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"39","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.scottpavey.com/documents/Alaska_Park_Science_2004.pdf","size":"278KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6ae87e4b0f2f0cebe3f78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamon, Troy R.","contributorId":107419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamon","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavey, Scott A.","contributorId":31516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavey","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Joe L.","contributorId":174001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027842,"text":"70027842 - 2005 - Prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona in beavers (Castor canadensis) from Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027842","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona in beavers (Castor canadensis) from Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The present study examined the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystls neurona in a population of beavers (Castor canadensis) from Massachusetts. Sixty-two blood samples were collected during the field seasons over 3 consecutive years from different animals. Blood was collected onto filter paper and shipped to the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, for parasite testing. The samples were tested at dilutions of 1:25, 1:50, and 1:100 against each parasite antigen by modified agglutination tests to determine whether antibodies to either parasite were present in the blood. Six of 62 samples (10%) were positive for T. gondii, with 2 samples having titers of 1:25 and 4 having titers of 1:50. Four of 62 samples (6%) were positive for S. neurona, with 2 samples having titers of 1:25 and 2 having titers of 1:50. ?? American Society of Pathologists 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Parasitology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1645/GE-543R.1","issn":"00223395","usgsCitation":"Jordan, C., Kaur, T., Koenen, K., DeStefano, S., Zajac, A., and Lindsay, D.S., 2005, Prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona in beavers (Castor canadensis) from Massachusetts: Journal of Parasitology, v. 91, no. 5, p. 1228-1229, https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-543R.1.","startPage":"1228","endPage":"1229","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477809,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49067","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211102,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-543R.1"},{"id":238285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b6fe4b0c8380cd7e252","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, C.N.","contributorId":17423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaur, T.","contributorId":94839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaur","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koenen, K.","contributorId":84964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenen","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zajac, A.M.","contributorId":56021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajac","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lindsay, D. S.","contributorId":71132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindsay","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027896,"text":"70027896 - 2005 - Analysis of DNA-vaccinated fish reveals viral antigen in muscle, kidney, and thymus, and transient histopathologic changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T13:36:15","indexId":"70027896","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2661,"text":"Marine Biotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of DNA-vaccinated fish reveals viral antigen in muscle, kidney, and thymus, and transient histopathologic changes","docAbstract":"A highly efficacious DNA vaccine against a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), was used in a systematic study to analyze vaccine tissue distribution, persistence, expression patterns, and histopathologic effects. Vaccine plasmid pIHNw-G, containing the gene for the viral glycoprotein, was detected immediately after intramuscular injection in all tissues analyzed, including blood, but at later time points was found primarily in muscle tissue, where it persisted to 90 days. Glycoprotein expression was detected in muscle, kidney, and thymus tissues, with levels peaking at 14 days and becoming undetectable by 28 days. Histologic examination revealed no vaccine-specific pathologic changes at the standard effective dose of 0.1 ??g DNA per fish, but at a high dose of 50 ??g an increased inflammatory response was evident. Transient damage associated with needle injection was localized in muscle tissue, but by 90 days after vaccination no damage was detected in any tissue, indicating the vaccine to be safe and well tolerated. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2005.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s10126-004-5129-z","issn":"14362228","usgsCitation":"Garver, K., Conway, C.M., Elliott, D., and Kurath, G., 2005, Analysis of DNA-vaccinated fish reveals viral antigen in muscle, kidney, and thymus, and transient histopathologic changes: Marine Biotechnology, v. 7, no. 5, p. 540-553, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-004-5129-z.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"540","endPage":"553","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210946,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-004-5129-z"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eafbe4b0c8380cd48b37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garver, K.A.","contributorId":42766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garver","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, C. M.","contributorId":15605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027951,"text":"70027951 - 2005 - A decrease in discharge-normalized DOC export by the Yukon River during summer through autumn","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T08:12:15","indexId":"70027951","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A decrease in discharge-normalized DOC export by the Yukon River during summer through autumn","docAbstract":"Climate warming is having a dramatic effect on the vegetation distribution and carbon cycling of terrestrial subarctic and arctic ecosystems. Here, we present hydrologic evidence that warming is also affecting the export of dissolved organic carbon and bicarbonate (DOC and HCO3−) at the large basin scale. In the 831,400 km2 Yukon River basin, water discharge (Q) corrected DOC export significantly decreased during the growing season from 1978–80 to 2001–03, indicating a major shift in terrestrial to aquatic C transfer. We conclude that decreased DOC export, relative to total summer through autumn Q, results from increased flow path, residence time, and microbial mineralization of DOC in the soil active layer and groundwater. Counter to current predictions, we argue that continued warming could result in decreased DOC export to the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean by major subarctic and arctic rivers, due to increased respiration of organic C on land.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2005GL024413","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Striegl, R.G., Aiken, G., Dornblaser, M., Raymond, P., and Wickland, K., 2005, A decrease in discharge-normalized DOC export by the Yukon River during summer through autumn: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 21, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024413.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210248,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024413"}],"volume":"32","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3abe4b0c8380cd46178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":415898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dornblaser, M.M.","contributorId":38765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raymond, P.A.","contributorId":62013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wickland, K.P. 0000-0002-6400-0590","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":10786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027923,"text":"70027923 - 2005 - Upper-crustal structure of the inner Continental Borderland near Long Beach, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027923","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper-crustal structure of the inner Continental Borderland near Long Beach, California","docAbstract":"A new P-wave velocity/structural model for the inner Continental Borderland (ICB) region was developed for the area near Long Beach, California. It combines controlled-source seismic reflection and refraction data collected during the 1994 Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), multichannel seismic reflection data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (1998-2000), and nearshore borehole stratigraphy. Based on lateral velocity contrasts and stratigraphic variation determined from borehole data, we are able to locate major faults such as the Cabrillo, Palos Verdes, THUMS-Huntington Beach, and Newport Inglewood fault zones, along with minor faults such as the slope fault, Avalon knoll, and several other yet unnamed faults. Catalog seismicity (1975-2002) plotted on our preferred velocity/structural model shows recent seismicity is located on 16 out of our 24 faults, providing evidence for continuing concern with respect to the existing seismic-hazard estimates. Forward modeling of P-wave arrival times on the LARSE line 1 resulted in a four-layer model that better resolves the stratigraphy and geologic structures of the ICB and also provides tighter constraints on the upper-crustal velocity structure than previous modeling of the LARSE data. There is a correlation between the structural horizons identified in the reflection data with the velocity interfaces determined from forward modeling of refraction data. The strongest correlation is between the base of velocity layer 1 of the refraction model and the base of the planar sediment beneath the shelf and slope determined by the reflection model. Layers 2 and 3 of the velocity model loosely correlate with the diffractive crust layer, locally interpreted as Catalina Schist.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120040051","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Baher, S., Fuis, G., Sliter, R., and Normark, W.R., 2005, Upper-crustal structure of the inner Continental Borderland near Long Beach, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 5, p. 1957-1969, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040051.","startPage":"1957","endPage":"1969","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211236,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040051"},{"id":238477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd62e4b08c986b328fcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baher, S.","contributorId":36710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baher","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuis, G. 0000-0002-3078-1544","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":41142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sliter, R.","contributorId":66311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027955,"text":"70027955 - 2005 - A comparison of the influences of urbanization in contrasting environmental settings on stream benthic algal assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70027955","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of the influences of urbanization in contrasting environmental settings on stream benthic algal assemblages","docAbstract":"Patterns of stream benthic algal assemblages along urbanization gradients were investigated in three metropolitan areas-Boston (BOS), Massachusetts; Birmingham (BIR), Alabama; and Salt Lake City (SLC), Utah. An index of urban intensity derived from socioeconomic, infrastructure, and land-use characteristics was used as a measure of urbanization. Of the various attributes of the algal assemblages, species composition changed along gradients of urban intensity in a more consistent manner than biomass or diversity. In urban streams, the relative abundance of pollution-tolerant species was often higher than in less affected streams. Shifts in assemblage composition were associated primarily with increased levels of conductivity, nutrients, and alterations in physical habitat. Water mineralization and nutrients were the most important determinants of assemblage composition in the BOS and SLC study areas; flow regime and grazers were key factors in the BIR study area. Species composition of algal assemblages differed significantly among geographic regions, and no particular algal taxa were found to be universal indicators of urbanization. Patterns in algal biomass and diversity along urban gradients varied among study areas, depending on local environmental conditions and habitat alteration. Biomass and diversity increased with urbanization in the BOS area, apparently because of increased nutrients, light, and flow stability in urban streams, which often are regulated by dams. Biomass and diversity decreased with urbanization in the BIR study area because of intensive fish grazing and less stable flow regime. In the SLC study area, correlations between algal biomass, diversity, and urban intensity were positive but weak. Thus, algal responses to urbanization differed considerably among the three study areas. We concluded that the wide range of responses of benthic algae to urbanization implied that tools for stream bioassessment must be region specific. ?? 2005 by the American Fisheries Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Potapova, M., Coles, J., Giddings, E., and Zappia, H., 2005, A comparison of the influences of urbanization in contrasting environmental settings on stream benthic algal assemblages: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2005, no. 47, p. 333-359.","startPage":"333","endPage":"359","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2005","issue":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e377e4b0c8380cd4604c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potapova, M.","contributorId":74569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potapova","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coles, J.F.","contributorId":80257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coles","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giddings, E.M.P.","contributorId":36348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giddings","given":"E.M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zappia, H.","contributorId":94474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zappia","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027954,"text":"70027954 - 2005 - Base- and precious-metal deposits in the Basin and Range of Southern California and Southern Nevada - Metallogenic implications of lead isotope studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70027954","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Base- and precious-metal deposits in the Basin and Range of Southern California and Southern Nevada - Metallogenic implications of lead isotope studies","docAbstract":"Southern California and southern Nevada contain abundant lead-zinc deposits with strikingly different characteristics. On the west, the Darwin Terrane contains abundant Jurassic and Cretaceous intrusions surrounded by lead-zinc skarn and replacement deposits rich in pyrite and manganese minerals. The Tecopa Terrane is east of the Darwin Terrane and contains some lead deposits that are hosted by the Proterozoic Noonday Dolomite. These lead deposits have no consistent relation to igneous rocks; they contain mainly galena, and are devoid of pyrite and manganese minerals. Other skarn and vein deposits in the Ivanpah and Tecopa districts are more closely associated with igneous rocks. Mississippi Valley type lead-zinc deposits are present still farther to the east in the Goodsprings Terrane in Nevada. These deposits are hosted by breccias formed below the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity and are unrelated to igneous rocks. Deposits in the Darwin Terrane have lead isotopic signatures that lie along a mantle-sediment mixing line indicating that they formed in a continental arc setting analogous to that for the plutons in the Sierra Nevada batholith [Chen, J.H. and Tilton, G.R., 1991. Application of lead and strontium isotopic relationships to the petrogenesis of granitoid rocks, central Sierra Nevada batholith, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 103, 439-447]. Encroachment of this continental arc on the North American continent in the eastern part of the Darwin Terrane resulted in a lead isotopic signature that is like that of the strongly contaminated plutons [Chen, J.H. and Tilton, G.R., 1991. Application of lead and strontium isotopic relationships to the petrogenesis of granitoid rocks, central Sierra Nevada batholith, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 103, 439-447]. Many deposits from the Inyo Mountains on east side of the Owens Valley have lead isotopic signatures that reflect this encroachment. To the east in the Tecopa Terrane, encroachment of the continental arc on the Mojave crust resulted in partial melting of 1.7 Ga amphibolite and granulite facies rocks to produce the plutons and mineral deposits associated with plutons in this terrane. Lead from deposits in this terrane hosted in the Proterozoic Noonday Dolomite and associated rocks have a lead isotope signature that reflects hydrothermal circulation of fluids in the Mojave supracrustal rocks. The boundary between the Darwin Terrane and the Tecopa Terrane lies just west of the Ash Valley-Panamint Range Fault and is bounded by the Towne Fault on the north and the Garlock Fault on the south. Lead isotopic data from the Goodsprings district in southwestern Nevada, east of the Tecopa Terrane, form a 1.45 Ga linear array that is indicative of Mississippi Valley type mineralization. Although we have no independent evidence of the timing of the tectonic events that formed these deposits, it is likely that all formed as a result of the Mesozoic collision of the Panthalassen crust with the North American continent. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth-Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.04.012","issn":"00128252","usgsCitation":"Church, S.E., Cox, D.P., Wooden, J.L., Tingley, J., and Vaughn, R.B., 2005, Base- and precious-metal deposits in the Basin and Range of Southern California and Southern Nevada - Metallogenic implications of lead isotope studies: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 73, no. 1-4, p. 323-346, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.04.012.","startPage":"323","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.04.012"},{"id":237182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efcfe4b0c8380cd4a46f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, D. P.","contributorId":82689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tingley, J.V.","contributorId":60823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingley","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vaughn, R. B.","contributorId":27043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176043,"text":"70176043 - 2005 - Individual variation in staging and timing of spring migration of Pacific common eiders in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:48:36","indexId":"70176043","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Individual variation in staging and timing of spring migration of Pacific common eiders in Alaska","docAbstract":"Timing of migration and characterization of migration patterns of birds are usually based on dates of peak migration to and from staging, wintering, and breeding areas used by the bulk of a species. For Pacific common eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum), as well as other species, the timing of migration into and through the Beaufort Sea is based on counts of birds past land or ice-based sites and radar observations, and arrival dates to colonies determined by influxes of birds seen by ground observers. With the continued and proposed development of nearshore and offshore waters of the Beaufort Sea, there is an expanding need to manage local populations. Observations of individual Pacific common eiders can provide a more complete understanding of local populations as well as variability among populations. This study was designed to determine factors influencing migration patterns of individuals nesting in the western Beaufort Sea from their wintering locations along the Chukotka Peninsula, through the eastern Chukchi and western Beaufort seas, until their arrival to their nesting area. The Simpson Lagoon/Maguire Island nesting colonies are 1300-1400 km from the primary winter area. Eiders enter the Beaufort Sea at Point Barrow then move east 300-350 km to their nesting colonies. Nesting adult females were marked with satellite transmitters during summer then followed the next spring and early summer. Transmitters were programmed to provide location data every 3 days (2001, n = 12) or daily (2002 and 2004, n = 7 and 18, respectively) beginning 15 April. I expected the dates of arrival to the colony to vary with weather during migration (Point. Barrow to the colony) and general conditions in spring (early or late year based on differences in temperatures from the long term norm for April, May, and June). All individuals returned to the colony area they were marked the previous year. Data were consistent with other “short” distance migrants. There were no correlations of the dates of arrival to the dates birds left the wintering area, the total days spent staging, wind speed or direction, temperature, weather, or seasonal differences in temperature from the long term average, a plethora of non-significant results. However, two patterns emerged: some birds migrated about 550 km and staged in the eastern Chukchi Sea before migrating to the colonies, while others went directly either to the colony area (1300 km) or elsewhere within the western Beaufort. I will present preliminary analysis and several hypotheses regarding these two strategies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second North America Sea Duck Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Second North America Sea Duck Conference","conferenceDate":"November 7-11, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Annapolis, MD","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., 2005, Individual variation in staging and timing of spring migration of Pacific common eiders in Alaska, in Second North America Sea Duck Conference, Annapolis, MD, November 7-11, 2005.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"39","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/seaduck_conf2005/2%20sea%20duck%20e.pdf","size":"1.42MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b06fe4b0f2f0cebe5caf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}