During March and April 1957, a brief investigation was made at the request of the U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Albuquerque District, to determine the cause for the decline in the performances of the wells used at Biggs Air Force Base, El Paso, Texas. The investigation included a general survey or the existing wells, pumping schedules, and records of pumpage and water levels.
Appreciation is expressed for the cooperation of personnel or the Corps of Engineers, particularly to H. B. Norain and H. Wortman. In addition, the Layne-Texas Co., the C. L. North Co., and Mr. C. F. Gill of the El Paso Public Service Board were helpful in supplying data not available in the files of Biggs Air Force Base. A considerable amount of data used in this report are published in Water-Supply Paper 1426 of the Geological Survey.
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1960 - Availability of ground water in Bracken, Harrison, Mason, Nicholas, and Robertson Counties, Kentucky (county group 16)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T18:39:45.634116","indexId":"ha16","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Availability of ground water in Bracken, Harrison, Mason, Nicholas, and Robertson Counties, Kentucky (county group 16)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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contour map, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-124, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr60124.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":172446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, C. 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The homologous straight-chain fatty alkanols are considered the best materials for retardants. \r\n\r\nSeveral methods of application of the alkanols to the reservoir surface were investigated. Although wick-type drippers for the application of liquids and cage rafts for the application of solids appear to be the most promising methods from an economic standpoint, both methods have serious disadvantages. Considerable study was given to reducing biochemical oxidation of the evaporation retardants. Copper in several forms was found adequate as a bacteriostatic agent but posed a potential hazard because of its toxicity. Many other bactericides that were tested were also toxic. \r\n\r\nTwo sets of large-scale field tests have been completed and several others are still in progress. On the larger reservoirs, the reduction of evaporation was not more than 20 percent under the prevailing conditions and the application procedure used. \r\n\r\nThree major practical problems remain; namely, the effects and action of wind on the monofilm, the effects of biochemical oxidation, and the most effective method of application. Fundamental problems remaining include the effects of various impurities, and the composition of the best evaporation retardant; the long-range effects of monofilms on the limnology of a reservoir, including the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide; toxicological aspects of all components of any evaporation-retardant composition, plus toxicology of any composition chosen for large-scale use; and further studies of the calorimetry and thermodynamics involved in the mechanism of evaporation and its reduction by a monofilm.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1480","usgsCitation":"Cruse, R.R., and Harbeck, G.E., 1960, Evaporation control research, 1955-58: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1480, iv, 45 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1480.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1480/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26145,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1480/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cruse, Robert R.","contributorId":93326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruse","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harbeck, Guy Earl","contributorId":82290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbeck","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"Earl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1044,"text":"wsp1420 - 1960 - Floods of August-October 1955, New England to North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T22:32:05.254743","indexId":"wsp1420","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1420","title":"Floods of August-October 1955, New England to North Carolina","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1420","usgsCitation":"Bogart, D.B., 1960, Floods of August-October 1955, New England to North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1420, Report: ix, 854 p.; 6 Plates: 32.00 x 40.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1420.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 854 p.; 6 Plates: 32.00 x 40.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":413814,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Jr.","contributorId":85938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyle","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3304,"text":"cir422 - 1960 - Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":24788,"text":"ofr59137 - 1959 - Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Ferry County, Washington","indexId":"ofr59137","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Ferry County, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3304,"text":"cir422 - 1960 - Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Washington","indexId":"cir422","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Washington"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T22:20:28.092334","indexId":"cir422","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"422","title":"Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Washington","docAbstract":"In the Laurier area, Washington, the Kettle River has cut into crystalline rocks in the deepest part of the valley. Sand and gravel fill were deposited in the valley during Pleistocene time by melt water from glaciers, and subsequent erosion and alluviation formed three terrace levels. The highest level, on which Laurier Border Station is situated is about 200 feet above present river level The intermediate terrace is 150 to 180 feet above river level. Wells on the intermediate terrace yield about 4 gpm (gallons per minute) per foot of drawdown. Larger yields probably could be obtained from wells on the lowest terrace (flood plain). \r\n\r\nIn the Ferry area the valley fill of the Kettle River valley is as much as 150 feet thick and contains boulders that are as much as 18 inches in diameter. Small to moderate quantities of water probably would be available from wells on the high-terrace level. Large quantities of water are obtained from irrigation wells on the low terrace. The bedrock at both sites is relatively impermeable and probably would yield very meager supplies of water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir422","usgsCitation":"Walters, K.L., 1960, Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 422, iii, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir422.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425417,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53900.htm","text":"Ferry","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425416,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53876.htm","text":"Laurier","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":30302,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1960/0422/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1960/0422/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Ferry, Laurier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.21290290235422,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -118.54725623478598,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -118.54630574034938,\n 48.955\n ],\n [\n -118.21290290235422,\n 48.9555\n ],\n [\n -118.21290290235422,\n 49\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667ee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Kenneth Lyle","contributorId":32493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"Lyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2163,"text":"wsp1452 - 1960 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1956. Parts 7 and 8, lower Mississippi River basin and western Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp1452","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1452","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1956. Parts 7 and 8, lower Mississippi River basin and western Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1452","usgsCitation":"Love, S.K., 1960, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1956. Parts 7 and 8, lower Mississippi River basin and western Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1452, xi, 469 p. :ill. ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1452.","productDescription":"xi, 469 p. :ill. ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1452/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27774,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1452/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651cc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, S. K.","contributorId":27419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3609,"text":"cir415 - 1960 - Water management, agriculture, and ground-water supplies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"cir415","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"415","title":"Water management, agriculture, and ground-water supplies","docAbstract":"Encyclopedic data on world geography strikingly illustrate the drastic inequity in the distribution of the world's water supply. About 97 percent of the total volume of water is in the world's oceans. The area of continents and islands not under icecaps, glaciers, lakes, and inland seas is about 57.5 million square miles, of which 18 million (36 percent) is arid to semiarid. The total world supply of water is about 326.5 million cubic miles, of which about 317 million is in the oceans and about 9.4 million is in the land areas. Atmospheric moisture is equivalent to only about 3,100 cubic miles of water. \r\n\r\nThe available and accessible supply of ground water in the United States is somewhat more than 53,000 cubic miles (about 180 billion acre ft). The amount of fresh water on the land areas of the world at any one time is roughly 30,300 cubic miles and more than a fourth of this is in large fresh-water lakes on the North American Continent. \r\n\r\nAnnual recharge of ground water in the United States may average somewhat more than 1 billion acre-feet yearly, but the total volume of ground water in storage is equivalent to all the recharge in about the last 160 years. This accumulation of ground water is the nation's only reserve water resource, but already it is being withdrawn or mined on a large scale in a few areas. \r\n\r\nThe principal withdrawals of water in the United States are for agriculture and industry. Only 7.4 percent of agricultural land is irrigated, however; so natural soil moisture is the principal source of agricultural water, and on that basis agriculture is incomparably the largest water user. In view of current forecasts of population and industrial expansion, new commitments of water for agriculture should be scrutinized very closely, and thorough justification should be required. The 17 Western States no longer contain all the large irrigation developments. Nearly 10 percent of the irrigated area is in States east of the western bloc, chiefly in several Southeastern States. \r\n\r\nGround water is not completely 'self-renewing' because, where it is being mined, the reserve is being diminished and the reserve would be renewed only if pumping were stopped. \r\n\r\nWater is being mined at the rate of 5 million acre-feet per year in Arizona and 6 million in the High Plains of Texas. In contrast, water has been going into storage in the Snake River Plain of Idaho, where deep percolation from surface-water irrigation has added about 10 million acre-feet of storage since irrigation began. \r\n\r\nSituations in California illustrate problems of land subsidence resulting from pumping and use of water, and deterioration of ground-water reservoirs due to sea-water invasion. Much water development in the United States has been haphazard and rarely has there been integrated development of ground water and surface water. Competition is sharpening and new codes of water law are in the making. New laws, however, will not prevent the consequences of bad management. An important task for water management is to recognize the contingencies that may arise in the future and to prepare for them. \r\n\r\nThe three most important tasks at hand are to make more efficient use of water, to develop improved quantitative evaluations of water supplies arid their quality, and to develop management practices which are based on scientific hydrology.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir415","usgsCitation":"Nace, R.L., 1960, Water management, agriculture, and ground-water supplies: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 415, 12 p. :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir415.","productDescription":"12 p. :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1960/0415/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30645,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1960/0415/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nace, Raymond L.","contributorId":93460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nace","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52122,"text":"ofr60105 - 1960 - Summary of ground water in subareas of the Snake River Basin in Oregon south of the Wallowa Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-26T15:12:25","indexId":"ofr60105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-105","title":"Summary of ground water in subareas of the Snake River Basin in Oregon south of the Wallowa Mountains","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Ground Water Branch","publisherLocation":"Boise, ID","doi":"10.3133/ofr60105","usgsCitation":"Newcomb, R.C., 1960, Summary of ground water in subareas of the Snake River Basin in Oregon south of the Wallowa Mountains: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-105, ii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr60105.","productDescription":"ii, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0105/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86663,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Burnt River;Malheur River;Owyhee River;Powder River;Snake River;Wallowa Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699269","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newcomb, R. C.","contributorId":77907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newcomb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}