{"pageNumber":"26","pageRowStart":"625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":2263,"records":[{"id":70032779,"text":"70032779 - 2008 - Geochemical signature of land-based activities in Caribbean coral surface samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70032779","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical signature of land-based activities in Caribbean coral surface samples","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic threats, such as increased sedimentation, agrochemical run-off, coastal development, tourism, and overfishing, are of great concern to the Mesoamerican Caribbean Reef System (MACR). Trace metals in corals can be used to quantify and monitor the impact of these land-based activities. Surface coral samples from the MACR were investigated for trace metal signatures resulting from relative differences in water quality. Samples were analyzed at three spatial scales (colony, reef, and regional) as part of a hierarchical multi-scale survey. A primary goal of the paper is to elucidate the extrapolation of information between fine-scale variation at the colony or reef scale and broad-scale patterns at the regional scale. Of the 18 metals measured, five yielded statistical differences at the colony and/or reef scale, suggesting fine-scale spatial heterogeneity not conducive to regional interpretation. Five metals yielded a statistical difference at the regional scale with an absence of a statistical difference at either the colony or reef scale. These metals are barium (Ba), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and antimony (Sb). The most robust geochemical indicators of land-based activities are coral Ba and Mn concentrations, which are elevated in samples from the southern region of the Gulf of Honduras relative to those from the Turneffe Islands. These findings are consistent with the occurrence of the most significant watersheds in the MACR from southern Belize to Honduras, which contribute sediment-laden freshwater to the coastal zone primarily as a result of human alteration to the landscape (e.g., deforestation and agricultural practices). Elevated levels of Cu and Sb were found in samples from Honduras and may be linked to industrial shipping activities where copper-antimony additives are commonly used in antifouling paints. Results from this study strongly demonstrate the impact of terrestrial runoff and anthropogenic activities on coastal water quality in the MACR. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00338-008-0413-4","issn":"07224","usgsCitation":"Prouty, N., Hughen, K., and Carilli, J., 2008, Geochemical signature of land-based activities in Caribbean coral surface samples: Coral Reefs, v. 27, no. 4, p. 727-742, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0413-4.","startPage":"727","endPage":"742","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214052,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0413-4"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16a3e4b0c8380cd551fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prouty, N.G.","contributorId":36766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughen, K.A.","contributorId":69372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughen","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carilli, J.","contributorId":100625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carilli","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032036,"text":"70032036 - 2008 - Map scale effects on estimating the number of undiscovered mineral deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032036","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Map scale effects on estimating the number of undiscovered mineral deposits","docAbstract":"Estimates of numbers of undiscovered mineral deposits, fundamental to assessing mineral resources, are affected by map scale. Where consistently defined deposits of a particular type are estimated, spatial and frequency distributions of deposits are linked in that some frequency distributions can be generated by processes randomly in space whereas others are generated by processes suggesting clustering in space. Possible spatial distributions of mineral deposits and their related frequency distributions are affected by map scale and associated inclusions of non-permissive or covered geological settings. More generalized map scales are more likely to cause inclusion of geologic settings that are not really permissive for the deposit type, or that include unreported cover over permissive areas, resulting in the appearance of deposit clustering. Thus, overly generalized map scales can cause deposits to appear clustered. We propose a model that captures the effects of map scale and the related inclusion of non-permissive geologic settings on numbers of deposits estimates, the zero-inflated Poisson distribution. Effects of map scale as represented by the zero-inflated Poisson distribution suggest that the appearance of deposit clustering should diminish as mapping becomes more detailed because the number of inflated zeros would decrease with more detailed maps. Based on observed worldwide relationships between map scale and areas permissive for deposit types, mapping at a scale with twice the detail should cut permissive area size of a porphyry copper tract to 29% and a volcanic-hosted massive sulfide tract to 50% of their original sizes. Thus some direct benefits of mapping an area at a more detailed scale are indicated by significant reductions in areas permissive for deposit types, increased deposit density and, as a consequence, reduced uncertainty in the estimate of number of undiscovered deposits. Exploration enterprises benefit from reduced areas requiring detailed and expensive exploration, and land-use planners benefit from reduced areas of concern. ?? 2008 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-008-9068-7","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Singer, D., and Menzie, W., 2008, Map scale effects on estimating the number of undiscovered mineral deposits: Natural Resources Research, v. 17, no. 2, p. 79-86, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-008-9068-7.","startPage":"79","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214965,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-008-9068-7"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4d9be4b0c8380cd6a476","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menzie, W. D.","contributorId":52916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031923,"text":"70031923 - 2008 - Are fractal dimensions of the spatial distribution of mineral deposits meaningful?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031923","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are fractal dimensions of the spatial distribution of mineral deposits meaningful?","docAbstract":"It has been proposed that the spatial distribution of mineral deposits is bifractal. An implication of this property is that the number of deposits in a permissive area is a function of the shape of the area. This is because the fractal density functions of deposits are dependent on the distance from known deposits. A long thin permissive area with most of the deposits in one end, such as the Alaskan porphyry permissive area, has a major portion of the area far from known deposits and consequently a low density of deposits associated with most of the permissive area. On the other hand, a more equi-dimensioned permissive area, such as the Arizona porphyry permissive area, has a more uniform density of deposits. Another implication of the fractal distribution is that the Poisson assumption typically used for estimating deposit numbers is invalid. Based on datasets of mineral deposits classified by type as inputs, the distributions of many different deposit types are found to have characteristically two fractal dimensions over separate non-overlapping spatial scales in the range of 5-1000 km. In particular, one typically observes a local dimension at spatial scales less than 30-60 km, and a regional dimension at larger spatial scales. The deposit type, geologic setting, and sample size influence the fractal dimensions. The consequence of the geologic setting can be diminished by using deposits classified by type. The crossover point between the two fractal domains is proportional to the median size of the deposit type. A plot of the crossover points for porphyry copper deposits from different geologic domains against median deposit sizes defines linear relationships and identifies regions that are significantly underexplored. Plots of the fractal dimension can also be used to define density functions from which the number of undiscovered deposits can be estimated. This density function is only dependent on the distribution of deposits and is independent of the definition of the permissive area. Density functions for porphyry copper deposits appear to be significantly different for regions in the Andes, Mexico, United States, and western Canada. Consequently, depending on which regional density function is used, quite different estimates of numbers of undiscovered deposits can be obtained. These fractal properties suggest that geologic studies based on mapping at scales of 1:24,000 to 1:100,000 may not recognize processes that are important in the formation of mineral deposits at scales larger than the crossover points at 30-60 km. ?? 2008 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-008-9067-8","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., 2008, Are fractal dimensions of the spatial distribution of mineral deposits meaningful?: Natural Resources Research, v. 17, no. 2, p. 87-97, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-008-9067-8.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-008-9067-8"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed5be4b0c8380cd4976a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, G. L.","contributorId":90720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"G.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033561,"text":"70033561 - 2008 - Survival of dusky Canada goose goslings in relation to weather and annual nest success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T18:49:44.853173","indexId":"70033561","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of dusky Canada goose goslings in relation to weather and annual nest success","docAbstract":"<p><span>The dusky Canada goose (</span><i>Branta canadensis occidentalis</i><span>) population has been in long‐term decline, likely due to reduced breeding productivity, but gosling survival of this population had not been examined. We studied gosling survival in broods of radiomarked adult females on the western Copper River Delta, Alaska, USA, during 1997–1999 and 2001–2003. Survival estimates for dusky Canada goose goslings to 45 days (x̄ = 0.32) were below estimates from most previous studies of geese. Daily survival of goslings increased with age and decreased with date of hatch. Precipitation during the first 3 days post‐hatch was negatively related to gosling survival and this effect increased with date. Annual estimates of gosling survival were positively correlated with annual estimates of nest success, suggesting overlap in factors affecting nest and gosling survival. Nest success probably also directly affected gosling survival, because survival decreased with hatch date and more broods hatched from renests during years with low nest success. Gosling survival appears to play an important role in limiting current productivity of this population. Management directed at increasing nest success would likely also improve gosling survival. We recommend additional research directed at examining sources of gosling mortality and the link between nest success and gosling survival.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Fondell, T., Miller, D.A., Grand, J.B., and Anthony, R., 2008, Survival of dusky Canada goose goslings in relation to weather and annual nest success: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 7, p. 1614-1621.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1614","endPage":"1621","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378318,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2193/2007-480"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Copper River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -145.58395385742188,\n              60.28545067753711\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.89730834960938,\n              60.28545067753711\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.89730834960938,\n              60.68797291639079\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.58395385742188,\n              60.68797291639079\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.58395385742188,\n              60.28545067753711\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2cce4b08c986b31f981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fondell, T.F.","contributorId":11154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David A.","contributorId":29193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":441447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anthony, R Michael","contributorId":219603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"R Michael","affiliations":[{"id":40038,"text":"USGS Alaska Science Center (Retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":441446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033511,"text":"70033511 - 2008 - Survival of the faucet snail after chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water bath treatments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T14:54:19.407749","indexId":"70033511","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of the faucet snail after chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water bath treatments","docAbstract":"<p><span>The faucet snail Bithynia tentaculata, a nonindigenous aquatic snail from Eurasia, was introduced into Lake Michigan in 1871 and has spread to the mid-Atlantic states, the Great Lakes region, Montana, and most recently, the Mississippi River. The faucet snail serves as intermediate host for several trematodes that have caused large-scale mortality among water birds, primarily in the Great Lakes region and Montana. It is important to limit the spread of the faucet snail; small fisheries equipment can serve as a method of snail distribution. Treatments with chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water baths were tested to determine their effectiveness as a disinfectant for small fisheries equipment. Two treatments eliminated all test snails: (1) a 24-h exposure to Hydrothol 191 at a concentration of at least 20 mg/L and (2) a treatment with 50°C heated water for 1 min or longer. Faucet snails were highly resistant to ethanol, NaCl, formalin, Lysol, potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, Baquacil, Virkon, household bleach, and pH extremes (as low as 1 and as high as 13).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/M07-211.1","issn":"02755","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, A., and Cole, R.A., 2008, Survival of the faucet snail after chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water bath treatments: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 5, p. 1597-1600, https://doi.org/10.1577/M07-211.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1597","endPage":"1600","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008092","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M07-211.1"},{"id":242151,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Onalaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.37432098388672,\n              43.93845058564532\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.33861541748047,\n              43.883789471638515\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.31183624267578,\n              43.86423779837696\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.30359649658203,\n              43.85606874432798\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.29707336425781,\n              43.8543357707896\n            ],\n         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-91.3351821899414,\n              43.939192246348796\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.34101867675781,\n              43.93721446391471\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.34719848632812,\n              43.93869780690774\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.35612487792969,\n              43.939933897801104\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.37432098388672,\n              43.93845058564532\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2dee4b08c986b31fa08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, A.J.","contributorId":16345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622 rcole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":2873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"rcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030295,"text":"70030295 - 2008 - Tertiary tilting and dismemberment of the laramide arc and related hydrothermal systems, Sierrita Mountain, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030295","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tertiary tilting and dismemberment of the laramide arc and related hydrothermal systems, Sierrita Mountain, Arizona","docAbstract":"Multiple lines of evidence, including new and published geologic mapping and paleomagnetic and geobarometric determinations, demonstrate that the rocks and large porphyry copper systems of the Sierrita Mountains in southern Arizona were dismembered and tilted 50?? to 60?? to the south by Tertiary normal faulting. Repetition of geologic features and geobarometry indicate that the area is segmented into at least three major structural blocks, and the present surface corresponds to oblique sections through the Laramide plutonic-hydrothermal complex, ranging in paleodepth from ???1 to ???12 km. These results add to an evolving view of a north-south extensional domain at high angles to much extension in the southern Basin and Range, contrast with earlier interpretations that the Laramide systems are largely upright and dismembered by thrust faults, highlight the necessity of restoring Tertiary rotations before interpreting Laramide structural and hydrothermal features, and add to the broader understanding of pluton emplacement and evolution of porphyry copper systems. ?? 2008 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.103.3.629","issn":"03610","usgsCitation":"Stavast, W., Butler, R., Seedorff, E., Barton, M., and Ferguson, C., 2008, Tertiary tilting and dismemberment of the laramide arc and related hydrothermal systems, Sierrita Mountain, Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 103, no. 3, p. 629-636, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.3.629.","startPage":"629","endPage":"636","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212117,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.3.629"},{"id":239543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba58be4b08c986b320af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stavast, W.J.A.","contributorId":50729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stavast","given":"W.J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, R.P.","contributorId":9858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seedorff, E.","contributorId":95271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seedorff","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, M.D.","contributorId":11341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferguson, C.A.","contributorId":89346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033759,"text":"70033759 - 2008 - Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:04:03","indexId":"70033759","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1995,"text":"Inhalation Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract test\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>Tire and brake wear particles contain transition metals, and contribute to near-road PM. We hypothesized that acute cardiopulmonary injury from respirable tire particles (TP) will depend on the amount of soluble metals. Respirable fractions of two types of TP (TP1 and TP2) were analyzed for water and acid-leachable metals using ICP-AES. Both TP types contained a variety of transition metals, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), aluminum, and iron. Zn and Cu were detected at high levels in water-soluble fractions (TP2 &gt; TP1). Male Wistar Kyoto rats (12–14 wk) were intratracheally instilled, in the first study, with saline, TP1 or TP2 (5 mg/kg), and in the second study, with soluble Zn, Cu (0.5<span>&nbsp;</span><strong><i>μ</i></strong><span>&nbsp;</span>mol/kg), or both. Pulmonary toxicity and cardiac mitochondrial enzymes were analyzed 1 d, 1 wk, or 4 wk later for TP and 4 or 24 h later for metals. Increases in lavage fluid markers of inflammation and injury were observed at d 1 (TP2 &gt; TP1), but these changes reversed by wk 1. No effects on cardiac enzymes were noted with either TP. Exposure of rats to soluble Zn and Cu caused marked pulmonary inflammation and injury but temporal differences were apparent (Cu effects peaked at 4 h and Zn at 24 h). Instillation of Zn, Cu, and Zn+ Cu decreased the activity of cardiac aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome-c-oxidase and superoxide dismutase suggesting mitochondrial oxidative stress. The observed acute pulmonary toxicity of TP could be due to the presence of water soluble Zn and Cu. At high concentrations these metals may induce cardiac oxidative stress.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/08958370701858427","issn":"08958378","usgsCitation":"Gottipolu, R., Landa, E.R., Schladweiler, M., McGee, J., Ledbetter, A., Richards, J., Wallenborn, G., and Kodavanti, U., 2008, Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components: Inhalation Toxicology, v. 20, no. 5, p. 473-484, https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370701858427.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"484","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214142,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08958370701858427"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f376e4b0c8380cd4b821","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gottipolu, R.R.","contributorId":37550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottipolu","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schladweiler, M.C.","contributorId":93288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladweiler","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGee, J.K.","contributorId":25372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ledbetter, A.D.","contributorId":26893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ledbetter","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Richards, J.H.","contributorId":49164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wallenborn, G.J.","contributorId":103884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallenborn","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kodavanti, U.P.","contributorId":99390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kodavanti","given":"U.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033691,"text":"70033691 - 2008 - A biodynamic understanding of dietborne metal uptake by a freshwater invertebrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:19:20","indexId":"70033691","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A biodynamic understanding of dietborne metal uptake by a freshwater invertebrate","docAbstract":"Aquatic organisms accumulate metals from dissolved and particulate phases. Dietborne metal uptake likely prevails in nature, but the physiological processes governing metal bioaccumulation from diet are not fully understood. We characterize dietborne copper, cadmium, and nickel uptake by a freshwater gastropod (Lymnaea stagnalis) both in terms of biodynamics and membrane transport characteristics. We use enriched stable isotopes to trace newly accumulated metals from diet, determine food ingestion rate (IR) and estimate metal assimilation efficiency (AE). Upon 18-h exposure, dietborne metal influx was linear over a range encompassing most environmental concentrations. Dietary metal uptake rate constants (kuf) ranged from 0.104 to 0.162 g g -1 day-1, and appeared to be an expression of transmembrane transport characteristics. Although kuf values were 1000-times lower than uptake rate constants from solution, biodynamic modeling showed that diet is the major Cd, Cu, and Ni source in nature. AE varied slightly among metals and exposure concentrations (84-95%). Suppression of Cd and Cu influxes upon exposure to extreme concentrations coincided with a 10-fold decrease in food IR, suggesting that feeding inhibition could act as an end point for dietary metal toxicity in L. stagnalis.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es7022913","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Croteau, M., and Luoma, S., 2008, A biodynamic understanding of dietborne metal uptake by a freshwater invertebrate: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 5, p. 1801-1806, https://doi.org/10.1021/es7022913.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1801","endPage":"1806","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214172,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es7022913"}],"volume":"42","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e325e4b0c8380cd45e42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croteau, M.-N.","contributorId":37511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"M.-N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031722,"text":"70031722 - 2008 - Hepatic minerals of white-tailed and mule deer in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70031722","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hepatic minerals of white-tailed and mule deer in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Because there is a paucity of information on the mineral requirements of free-ranging deer, data are needed from clinically healthy deer to provide a basis for the diagnosis of mineral deficiencies. To our knowledge, no reports are available on baseline hepatic mineral concentrations from sympatric white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) using different habitats in the Northern Great Plains. We assessed variation in hepatic minerals of female white-tailed deer (n=42) and mule deer (n=41). Deer were collected in February and August 2002 and 2003 from study areas in Custer and Pennington Counties, South Dakota, in and adjacent to a wildfire burn. Hepatic samples were tested for levels (parts per million; ppm) of aluminum (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), selenium (Se), sodium (Na), sulfur (S), thalium (T1), and zinc (Zn). We predicted that variability in element concentrations would occur between burned and unburned habitat due to changes in plant communities and thereby forage availability. We determined that Zn, Cu, and Ba values differed (P???0.05) between habitats. Because of the nutritional demands of gestation and lactation, we hypothesized that elemental concentrations would vary depending on reproductive status; Cd, Cu, Ca, P, Mn, Mo, Na, and Zn values differed (P???0.05) by reproductive status. We also hypothesized that, due to variation in feeding strategies and morphology between deer species, hepatic elemental concentrations would reflect dietary differences; Ca, Cu, K, Co, Mo, Se, and Zn differed (P???0.05) between species. Further research is needed to determine causes of variation in hepatic mineral levels due to habitat, reproductive status, and species. ?? Wildlife Disease Association 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, T., Jenks, J., Leslie, D., and Neiger, R., 2008, Hepatic minerals of white-tailed and mule deer in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 44, no. 2, p. 341-350.","startPage":"341","endPage":"350","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a305fe4b0c8380cd5d5c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, T.J.","contributorId":67288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, J.A.","contributorId":31726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neiger, R.D.","contributorId":63562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neiger","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033528,"text":"70033528 - 2008 - M-log A observations for recent large earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033528","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"M-log A observations for recent large earthquakes","docAbstract":"Using a magnitude (M)-log area (A) dataset augmented with seven large (M > 7.0) earthquakes occurring since Wells and Coppersmith (1994), this short note assesses the current validity of the bilinear M-log A relations for continental, strike-slip earthquakes proposed by Hanks and Bakun (2002), in particular the L-model scaling at M > 7. The relations determined by Hanks and Bakun (2002) are only insignificantly altered, leaving these bilinear M-log A relations as valid now as when first proposed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120070174","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., and Bakun, W.H., 2008, M-log A observations for recent large earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 1, p. 490-494, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070174.","startPage":"490","endPage":"494","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214162,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120070174"},{"id":241856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4aa8e4b0c8380cd68f31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033420,"text":"70033420 - 2008 - Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033420","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"The oxidation of sulfide-rich rocks, mostly leftover debris from Cu mining in the early 20th century, is contributing to metal contamination of local coastal environments in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Analyses of sulfide, water, sediment, precipitate and biological samples from the Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman mine sites show that acidic surface waters generated from sulfide weathering are pathways for redistribution of environmentally important elements into and beyond the intertidal zone at each site. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits composed of pyrrhotite and (or) pyrite + chalcopyrite + sphalerite with subordinate galena, arsenopyrite, and cobaltite represent potent sources of Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Co, Cd, and Hg. The resistance to oxidation among the major sulfides increases in the order pyrrhotite ??? sphalerite < chalcopyrite ??? pyrite; thus, pyrrhotite-rich rocks are typically more oxidized than those dominated by pyrite. The pervasive alteration of pyrrhotite begins with rim replacement by marcasite followed by replacement of the core by sulfur, Fe sulfate, and Fe-Al sulfate. The oxidation of chalcopyrite and pyrite involves an encroachment by colloform Fe oxyhydroxides at grain margins and along crosscutting cracks that gradually consumes the entire grain. The complete oxidation of sulfide-rich samples results in a porous aggregate of goethite, lepidocrocite and amorphous Fe-oxyhydroxide enclosing hydrothermal and sedimentary silicates. An inverse correlation between pH and metal concentrations is evident in water data from all three sites. Among all waters sampled, pore waters from Ellamar beach gravels have the lowest pH (???3) and highest concentrations of base metals (to ???25,000 ??g/L), which result from oxidation of abundant sulfide-rich debris in the sediment. High levels of dissolved Hg (to 4100 ng/L) in the pore waters probably result from oxidation of sphalerite-rich rocks. The low-pH and high concentrations of dissolved Fe, Al, and SO4 are conducive to precipitation of interstitial jarosite in the intertidal gravels. Although pore waters from the intertidal zone at the Threeman mine site have circumneutral pH values, small amounts of dissolved Fe2+ in the pore waters are oxidized during mixing with seawater, resulting in precipitation of Fe-oxyhydroxide flocs along the beach-seawater interface. At the Beatson site, surface waters funneled through the underground mine workings and discharged across the waste dumps have near-neutral pH (6.7-7.3) and a relatively small base-metal load; however, these streams probably play a role in the physical transport of metalliferous particulates into intertidal and offshore areas during storm events. Somewhat more acidic fluids, to pH 5.3, occur in stagnant seeps and small streams emerging from the Beatson waste dumps. Amorphous Fe precipitates in stagnant waters at Beatson have high Cu (5.2 wt%) and Zn (2.3 wt%) concentrations that probably reflect adsorption onto the extremely high surface area of colloidal particles. Conversely, crystalline precipitates composed of ferrihydrite and schwertmannite that formed in the active flow of small streams have lower metal contents, which are attributed to their smaller surface area and, therefore, fewer reactive sorption sites. Seeps containing precipitates with high metal contents may contribute contaminants to the marine environment during storm-induced periods of high runoff. Preliminary chemical data for mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman indicate that bioaccumulation of base metals is occurring in the marine environment at all three sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Koski, R., Munk, L., Foster, A., Shanks, W.C., and Stillings, L., 2008, Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 227-254, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007.","startPage":"227","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213196,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007"},{"id":240799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dc7e4b08c986b31da98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, R.A.","contributorId":16006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munk, L.","contributorId":45889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munk","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, A. L. 0000-0003-1362-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":17190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stillings, L.L.","contributorId":52229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033490,"text":"70033490 - 2008 - Discrimination of trait-based characteristics by trace element bioaccumulation in riverine fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033490","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discrimination of trait-based characteristics by trace element bioaccumulation in riverine fishes","docAbstract":"Relations between tissue trace element concentrations and species traits were examined for 45 fish species to determine the extent to which trait-based characteristics accounted for relative differences among species in trace element bioaccumulation. Percentages of fish species correctly classified by discriminant analysis according to traits predicted by tissue trace element concentrations ranged from 72% to 87%. Tissue concentrations of copper, mercury, selenium, and zinc appeared to have the greatest overall influence on differentiating species according to trait characteristics. Discrimination of trait characteristics did not appear to be strongly influenced by local sources of trace elements in the streambed sediment. Bioaccumulation was greatest for those species classified as primarily detritivores, having relatively large adult body size, considered nonmigratory with respect to reproductive strategy, occurring mostly in large or variable size streams and rivers, preferring depositional areas within the stream channel, and preferring benthic rather than open-water habitats. Our findings provide evidence of the strong relationship between bioaccumulation of environmental trace elements and trait-based factors that influence contaminant exposure. ?? 2008 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F08-036","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Short, T., DeWeese, L., and Dubrovsky, N., 2008, Discrimination of trait-based characteristics by trace element bioaccumulation in riverine fishes: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 65, no. 6, p. 1087-1100, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-036.","startPage":"1087","endPage":"1100","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214191,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F08-036"},{"id":241886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01fce4b0c8380cd4fe24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Short, T.M.","contributorId":50626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWeese, L.R.","contributorId":65116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWeese","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubrovsky, N. M.","contributorId":48199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"N. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033496,"text":"70033496 - 2008 - A biomonitor for tracking changes in the availability of lakewater cadmium over space and time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033496","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1913,"text":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A biomonitor for tracking changes in the availability of lakewater cadmium over space and time","docAbstract":"Determining the exposure of organisms to contaminants is a key component of Ecological Risk Assessments (ERAs). Effective estimates of exposure consider not only the total concentrations of contaminants in an organism's surroundings but also the availability of the contaminants to organisms. Contaminant availability can be inferred from mechanistic models and verified by measurements of contaminant concentrations in organisms. We evaluated the widespread lake-dwelling insect Chaoborus as a potential biomonitor for use in exposure assessments for three metals: cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). We show that larvae of this midge maintain constant their concentrations of the essential metals Cu and Zn and thus cannot be used to monitor them. In contrast, larval Cd concentrations varied widely both among lakes and in a given lake over time. We were able to relate these variations in biomonitor Cd to changes in lakewater Cd and pH using the Free Ion Activity Model (FIAM). Our results suggest that Chaoborus larvae could be used as an effective tool for estimating the Cd exposure of organisms in lakes for the purposes of ERAs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/10807030801934838","issn":"10807039","usgsCitation":"Hare, L., Tessier, A., and Croteau, M., 2008, A biomonitor for tracking changes in the availability of lakewater cadmium over space and time: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, v. 14, no. 2, p. 229-242, https://doi.org/10.1080/10807030801934838.","startPage":"229","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214274,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807030801934838"},{"id":241979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e329e4b0c8380cd45e58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hare, L.","contributorId":30414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tessier, A.","contributorId":88920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tessier","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croteau, M.-N.","contributorId":37511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"M.-N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033364,"text":"70033364 - 2008 - Isotopic variations of dissolved copper and zinc in stream waters affected by historical mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:56:23","indexId":"70033364","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic variations of dissolved copper and zinc in stream waters affected by historical mining","docAbstract":"<p>Zinc and Cu play important roles in the biogeochemistry of natural systems, and it is likely that these interactions result in mass-dependent fractionations of their stable isotopes. In this study, we examine the relative abundances of dissolved Zn and Cu isotopes in a variety of stream waters draining six historical mining districts located in the United States and Europe. Our goals were to (1) determine whether streams from different geologic settings have unique or similar Zn and Cu isotopic signatures and (2) to determine whether Zn and Cu isotopic signatures change in response to changes in dissolved metal concentrations over well-defined diel (24-h) cycles.</p><p>Average δ<sup>66</sup>Zn and δ<sup>65</sup>Cu values for streams varied from +0.02‰ to +0.46‰ and −0.7‰ to +1.4‰, respectively, demonstrating that Zn and Cu isotopes are heterogeneous among the measured streams. Zinc or Cu isotopic changes were not detected within the resolution of our measurements over diel cycles for most streams. However, diel changes in Zn isotopes were recorded in one stream where the fluctuations of dissolved Zn were the largest. We calculate an apparent separation factor of ∼0.3‰ (<sup>66/64</sup>Zn) between the dissolved and solid Zn reservoirs in this stream with the solid taking up the lighter Zn isotope. The preference of the lighter isotope in the solid reservoir may reflect metabolic uptake of Zn by microorganisms. Additional field investigations must evaluate the contributions of soils, rocks, minerals, and anthropogenic components to Cu and Zn isotopic fluxes in natural waters. Moreover, rigorous experimental work is necessary to quantify fractionation factors for the biogeochemical reactions that are likely to impact Cu and Zn isotopes in hydrologic systems. This initial investigation of Cu and Zn isotopes in stream waters suggests that these isotopes may be powerful tools for probing biogeochemical processes in surface waters on a variety of temporal and spatial scales.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.014","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Borrok, D.M., Nimick, D., Wanty, R.B., and Ridley, W.I., 2008, Isotopic variations of dissolved copper and zinc in stream waters affected by historical mining: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 2, p. 329-344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.014.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"344","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.014"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fbfe4b0c8380cd647ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borrok, David M.","contributorId":26056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrok","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimick, David","contributorId":19643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ridley, William I. 0000-0001-6787-558X iridley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-558X","contributorId":1160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"William","email":"iridley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70197201,"text":"70197201 - 2008 - Mineral deposit densities for estimating mineral resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T16:55:00","indexId":"70197201","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2701,"text":"Mathematical Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral deposit densities for estimating mineral resources","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimates of numbers of mineral deposits are fundamental to assessing undiscovered mineral resources. Just as frequencies of grades and tonnages of well-explored deposits can be used to represent the grades and tonnages of undiscovered deposits, the density of deposits (deposits/area) in well-explored control areas can serve to represent the number of deposits. Empirical evidence presented here indicates that the processes affecting the number and quantity of resources in geological settings are very general across many types of mineral deposits. For podiform chromite, porphyry copper, and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit types, the size of tract that geologically could contain the deposits is an excellent predictor of the total number of deposits. The number of mineral deposits is also proportional to the type’s size. The total amount of mineralized rock is also proportional to size of the permissive area and the median deposit type’s size. Regressions using these variables provide a means to estimate the density of deposits and the total amount of mineralization. These powerful estimators are based on analysis of ten different types of mineral deposits (Climax Mo, Cuban Mn, Cyprus massive sulfide, Franciscan Mn, kuroko massive sulfide, low-sulfide quartz-Au vein, placer Au, podiform Cr, porphyry Cu, and W vein) from 108 permissive control tracts around the world therefore generalizing across deposit types. Despite the diverse and complex geological settings of deposit types studied here, the relationships observed indicate universal controls on the accumulation and preservation of mineral resources that operate across all scales. The strength of the relationships (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">R</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>2</sup><span>=0.91 for density and 0.95 for mineralized rock) argues for their broad use. Deposit densities can now be used to provide a guideline for expert judgment or used directly for estimating the number of most kinds of mineral deposits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11004-007-9127-3","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., 2008, Mineral deposit densities for estimating mineral resources: Mathematical Geosciences, v. 40, no. 1, p. 33-46, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-007-9127-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b1574c3e4b092d9651e1ef1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70031888,"text":"70031888 - 2008 - Transport and distribution of trace elements and other selected inorganic constituents by suspended particulates in the Salton Sea Basin, California, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T08:22:51","indexId":"70031888","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and distribution of trace elements and other selected inorganic constituents by suspended particulates in the Salton Sea Basin, California, 2001","docAbstract":"In order to examine the transport of contaminants associated with river-derived suspended particles in the Salton Sea, California, large volume water samples were collected in transects established along the three major rivers emptying into the Salton Sea in fall 2001. Rivers in this area carry significant aqueous and particulate contaminant loads derived from irrigation water associated with the extensive agricultural activity, as well as wastewater from small and large municipalities. A variety of inorganic constituents, including trace metals, nutrients, and organic carbon were analyzed on suspended material isolated from water samples collected at upriver, near-shore, and off-shore sites established on the Alamo, New, and Whitewater rivers. Concentration patterns showed expected trends, with river-borne metals becoming diluted by organic-rich algal particles of lacustrine origin in off-shore stations. More soluble metals, such as cadmium, copper, and zinc showed a more even distribution between sites in the rivers and off-shore in the lake basin. General distributional trends of trace elements between particulate and aqueous forms were discerned by combining metal concentration data for particulates from this study with historical aqueous metals data. Highly insoluble trace metals, such as iron and aluminum, occurred almost entirely in the particulate phase, while major cations and approximately 95% of selenium were transported in the soluble phase. Evidence for greater reducing conditions in the New compared to the Alamo River was provided by the greater proportion of reduced (soluble) manganese in the New River. Evidence of bioconcentration of selenium and arsenic within the lake by algae was provided by calculating \"enrichment\" concentration ratios from metal concentrations on the algal-derived particulate samples and the off-shore sites. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-008-9319-y","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"LeBlanc, L., and Schroeder, R.A., 2008, Transport and distribution of trace elements and other selected inorganic constituents by suspended particulates in the Salton Sea Basin, California, 2001: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, no. 1, p. 123-135, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9319-y.","startPage":"123","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214772,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9319-y"}],"volume":"604","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb73fe4b08c986b327147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeBlanc, L.A.","contributorId":91660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroeder, R. A.","contributorId":15554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033355,"text":"70033355 - 2008 - Influence of flow-through and renewal exposures on the toxicity of copper to rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033355","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of flow-through and renewal exposures on the toxicity of copper to rainbow trout","docAbstract":"We examined changes in water chemistry and copper (Cu) toxicity in three paired renewal and flow-through acute bioassays with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Test exposure methodology influenced both exposure water chemistry and measured Cu toxicity. Ammonia and organic carbon concentrations were higher and the fraction of dissolved Cu lower in renewal tests than in paired flow-through tests. Cu toxicity was also lower in renewal tests; 96 h dissolved Cu LC50 values were 7-60% higher than LC50s from matching flow-through tests. LC50 values in both types of tests were related to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in exposure tanks. Increases in organic carbon concentrations in renewal tests were associated with reduced Cu toxicity, likely as a result of the lower bioavailability of Cu-organic carbon complexes. The biotic ligand model of acute Cu toxicity tended to underpredict toxicity in the presence of DOC. Model fits between predicted and observed toxicity were improved by assuming that only 50% of the measured DOC was reactive, and that this reactive fraction was present as fulvic acid. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.003","issn":"01476513","usgsCitation":"Welsh, P., Lipton, J., Mebane, C., and Marr, J., 2008, Influence of flow-through and renewal exposures on the toxicity of copper to rainbow trout: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 69, no. 2, p. 199-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.003.","startPage":"199","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213405,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.003"},{"id":241029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b37e4b0c8380cd62319","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, P.G.","contributorId":86980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipton, J.","contributorId":15841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mebane, C.A.","contributorId":84134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marr, J.C.A.","contributorId":94108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marr","given":"J.C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030263,"text":"70030263 - 2008 - The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030263","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia","docAbstract":"The Ellsworth terrane is one of a number of fault-bounded blocks that occur along the eastern margin of Ganderia, the western-most of the peri-Gondwanan domains in the northern Appalachians that were accreted to Laurentia in the Paleozoic. Geologic relations, detrital zircon ages, and basalt geochemistry suggest that the Ellsworth terrane is part of Ganderia and not an exotic terrane. In the Penobscot Bay area of coastal Maine, the Ellsworth terrane is dominantly composed of bimodal basalt-rhyolite volcanic sequences of the Ellsworth Schist and unconformably overlying Castine Volcanics. We use new U-Pb zircon geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd and Pb isotopes for these volcanic sequences to constrain the petrogenetic history and paleotectonic setting of the Ellsworth terrane and its relationship with Ganderia. U-Pb zircon geochronology for rhyolites indicates that both the Ellsworth Schist (508.6 ?? 0.8 Ma) and overlying Castine Volcanics (503.5 ?? 2.5 Ma) are Middle Cambrian in age. Two tholefitic basalt types are recognized. Type Tb-1 basalt, present as pillowed and massive lava flows and as sills in both units, has depleted La and Ce ([La/Nd]N = 0.53-0.87) values, flat heavy rare earth element (REE) values, and no positive Th or negative Ta anomalies on primitive mantle-normalized diagrams. In contrast, type Th-2 basalt, present only in the Castine Volcanics, has stightly enriched LREE ([La/Yb]N = 1.42-2.92) values and no Th or Th anomalies. Both basalt types have strongly positive ??Nd (500) values (Th-1 = +7.9-+8.6; Th-2 = +5.6-+7.0) and relatively enriched Pb isotopic compositions (206Ph/204Pb = 18.037-19.784; 207/204Pb = 15.531-15.660; 2088Pb/204Pb = 37.810-38.817). The basalts have compositions transitional between recent normal and enriched mid-ocean-ridge basalt, and they were probably derived by partial melting of compositionatly heterogeneous asthenosphenc mantle. Two types of rhyolite also are present. Type R-1 rhyolite, which mostly occurs as tuffs interlayered with basalt in the Ellsworth Schist, is calc-alkaline and characterized by relatively low REE, Zr, and Hf contents, enriched LREE ([La/Yb]N ???3-6), positive Th and negative Th anomalies, ??Nd (500) values near zero (+0.5 to -0.9), and relatively unradiogenic Ph isotope values (206Pb/204Pb = 18.845; 207Pb/ 204Pb = 15.625; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.626). The data suggest that R-1 rhyolite magma was Likely derived by mixing of basalt with melts from a relatively depleted crustal source. Type R-2 rhyolite, which mostly occurs as lava flows and domes in the Castine volcanics, is tholeiitic and characterized by enriched REE with flat patterns ([La/Yb]N = 1-2.5), moderate negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0-34.5), enriched Th, small negative Th anomalies, and ??Nd (500) (+5.8-+7.5) and Ph isotope (206Pb/204Pb = 19.175-19.619; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.605--15.649; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.834-38.851) values that overlap those of the tholeiitic basalts. The data suggest that R-2 rhyolite magma was derived by the partial melting of hydrothermally altered basalt with the addition of a small amount of an enriched component, probably R-1 rhyolite. The geololic, geochemicai, and isotopic characteristics of the bimodal volcanic sequences strongly suggest that the Ellsworth terrane did not evolve as an extensional back-arc basin behind an active arc, but rather it evolved as a proto-oceanic rift petrogenetically similar to Cenozoic rifts like the Gulf of California-Salton mrough and Red Sea-Gulf of Aden rift systems. Such a setting is supported by the presence of serpentinized mantle and zinc-copper-rich massive sulfide deposits in the Ellsworth terrane. We conclude that the Ellsworth terrane developed as a Mid","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B26336.1","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Schulz, K.J., Stewart, D.B., Tucker, R.D., Pollock, J., and Ayuso, R., 2008, The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 120, no. 9-10, p. 1134-1158, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26336.1.","startPage":"1134","endPage":"1158","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212088,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26336.1"}],"volume":"120","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba719e4b08c986b321367","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, K. J.","contributorId":79131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, D. B.","contributorId":41809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, R. D.","contributorId":43409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, J.C.","contributorId":107496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70225721,"text":"sir20075151 - 2008 - Physicochemical properties and chemical characteristics of water, bed sediment, and mussel tissue from selected streams near the Redleg and Peason Ridge impact areas, Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, June 2001 - November 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T17:08:38.704373","indexId":"sir20075151","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:54:36","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5151","displayTitle":"Physicochemical properties and chemical characteristics of water, bed sediment, and mussel tissue from selected streams near the Redleg and Peason Ridge impact areas, Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, June 2001—November 2003","title":"Physicochemical properties and chemical characteristics of water, bed sediment, and mussel tissue from selected streams near the Redleg and Peason Ridge impact areas, Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, June 2001 - November 2003","docAbstract":"<p>At the request of the U.S. Army Joint Readiness Training Center and Fort Polk, the U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed water, bed-sediment, and mussel-tissue samples from selected streams near the Redleg impact area (RIA) and Peason Ridge impact areas (PRIA) at the Fort Polk Military Reservation (Reservation), Louisiana. from June 2001 through November 2003. Samples were collected from 13 sites, including 2 reference sites. Water was analyzed for physicochemical properties; water and bed sediment were analyzed for major inorganic ions, cyanide, perchlorate, trace elements, total organic carbon, nutrients, and explosive compounds; and mussel tissue from three sites was analyzed for explosive compounds only. The two reference sites, one near the RIA and one near the PRIA, were selected to provide baseline data for these areas.</p><p>Streams near the RIA were acidic and low in buffering capacity. with pH measurements ranging from 5.0 to 6.6. Cation concentrations were less than or equal to E3.3J mg/L (E, estimated; J, method blank contamination; milligrams per liter), and anion concentrations were less than or equal to E7.3 mg/L. Field measurements and major inorganic ions concentrations were similar to the RIA reference site and to previously sampled nearby streams, indicating streams near the RIA were typical of streams near the eastern part of the Main Post.</p><p>Streams near the PRIA were slightly acidic to neutral and low in buffering capacity, with pH measurements ranging from 5.7 to 6.9. Cation concentrations were less than or equal to 6.2 mg/L, and anion concentrations were less than or equal to 16 mg/L. Streams near the PRIA were higher than the RIA for most physicochemical properties and constituents, hut typical of streams near the headwaters of the Calcasieu River. All concentrations of sulfate, chloride, and fluoride were less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Secondary Drinking-Water Regulations (SDWR) of 250, 250, and 2.0 mg/L, respectively.</p><p>Concentrations of cations calcium, magnesium. and potassium for sites near both the RIA and PRIA were higher in depositional bed-sediment samples than in bulk samples. Higher cation concentrations were likely due to higher clay and organic content in the depositional samples.</p><p>The trace elements detected in the highest concentrations in water and bed sediment were aluminum, iron, and manganese. All aluminum concentrations in water were within the range or greater than the USEPA SDWR range from 50 to 200 ug/L (micrograms per liter). All but four iron concentrations in water exceeded the SDWR. Manganese concentrations in seven water samples at the RIA sites and four samples at the PRIA sites were greater than the SDWR. These concentrations of cations were consistent with soil characteristics and low pH measurements of stream water and rainfall in the area. All other trace-element concentrations in water were less than regulatory guidelines and regulations except the USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level Goal of 0 ug/L for arsenic and lead and 0.5 u/L for thallium. Arsenic, lead, and thallium concentrations were similar to those detected in blank samples or those reported for the reference sites.</p><p>The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) has established bed-sediment guidelines for seven trace elements: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc. No concentrations exceeded the CCME Probable Effect Level, and only one arsenic concentration of 8.87 mg/kg (milligrams per kilogram), in a depositional sample from one of the RIA sites, exceeded the CCME Interim Sediment Quality Guideline of 5.9 mg/kg.</p><p>The median concentrations of total organic carbon in water were 5.3 mg/L at the RIA and 4.0 mg/L at the PRIA, and both concentrations were less than the average dissolved organic carbon concentration of 5.75 mg/L for all world rivers. All detected nutrient concentrations in water were less than USEPA guidelines and regulations. The largest nutrient concentrations in water and bed-sediment samples were total organic nitrogen, measured as total Kjeldahl nitrogen; they included a maximum concentration of 0.53 mg/L in water at the RIA sites, E0.38 mg/L in water at the PRIA sites, 294 mg/kg in hulk bed sediment. and 1,740 mg/kg in depositional bed sediment.</p><p>Four explosive compounds, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5- triazine), and tetryl, were detected in water near the RIA; one compound, HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7- tetrazocine), was detected in bed sediment near the PRIA; and one compound, nitroglycerin, was detected in mussel tissue near the RIA. The most frequently detected explosive compound, RDX, was detected in 10 water samples from 5 sites near the RIA. Concentrations of explosive compounds in water were less than USEPA Health Advisories available for reference.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075151","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Army Joint Readiness Training Center and Fort Polk","usgsCitation":"Tollett, R.W., and Fendick, R., 2008, Physicochemical properties and chemical characteristics of water, bed sediment, and mussel tissue from selected streams near the Redleg and Peason Ridge impact areas, Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, June 2001 - November 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5151, vii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075151.","productDescription":"vii, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5151/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394193,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5151/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Fort Polk Military Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.240966796875,\n              30.981141277396976\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.85232543945312,\n              30.981141277396976\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.85232543945312,\n              31.149356922488074\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.240966796875,\n              31.149356922488074\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.240966796875,\n              30.981141277396976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.36593627929688,\n              31.316687991715057\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.17779541015624,\n              31.316687991715057\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.17779541015624,\n              31.439208864183147\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.36593627929688,\n              31.439208864183147\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.36593627929688,\n              31.316687991715057\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tollett, Roland W. 0000-0002-4726-5845 rtollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-5845","contributorId":1896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollett","given":"Roland","email":"rtollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fendick, Robert B. Jr. rfendick@usgs.gov","contributorId":1313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fendick","given":"Robert B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rfendick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":826401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224844,"text":"5224844 - 2007 - Contaminant exposure and biomarker response in embryos of Black-crowned Night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) nesting near Lake Calumet, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T12:09:57.57681","indexId":"5224844","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Contaminant exposure and biomarker response in embryos of Black-crowned Night-herons (<i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>) nesting near Lake Calumet, Illinois","title":"Contaminant exposure and biomarker response in embryos of Black-crowned Night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) nesting near Lake Calumet, Illinois","docAbstract":"<p>We examined a suite of environmental contaminants and exposure endpoints in black-crowned night-heron (<i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>, BCNH) embryos collected in 2002 from colonies in Illinois, Minnesota, and Virginia. Embryos from the Lake Calumet, IL, colony had greater exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dieldrin, transnonachlor, oxychlordane, cobalt, copper, and selenium than did those from northwest MN and coastal VA. Embryos from IL and VA contained greater concentrations of mercury and zinc than those from MN, whereas the latter had greater accumulation of lead. Greater exposure of IL embryos to PCBs was reflected in greater ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase induction. However, measures of oxidative stress and genotoxicity were similar to those in embryos from the other colonies examined, and no overt toxic effects of contaminant exposure such as embryo mortality or malformations were observed. Although efforts to clean up the south Chicago environment are ongoing, Lake Calumet BCNH, and undoubtedly other piscivorous wildlife foraging in the region, continue to be exposed to a variety of environmental contaminants. Life-history characteristics of this species make it ideal as an environmental sentinel for the success of the cleanup of the south Chicago environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[791:CEABRI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Levengood, J., Wiedenmann, L., Custer, T., Schaeffer, D., Matson, C.W., Melancon, M.J., Hoffman, D.J., Scott, J., Talbott, J., Bordson, G., Bickham, J., Rattner, B., and Golden, N.H., 2007, Contaminant exposure and biomarker response in embryos of Black-crowned Night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) nesting near Lake Calumet, Illinois: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 33, no. 4, p. 791-805, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[791:CEABRI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"805","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Lake Calumet","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.60360717773436,\n              41.68060473460121\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.593994140625,\n              41.66521798508633\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.56858825683594,\n              41.66316614058965\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.56858825683594,\n              41.6980386041929\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.60017395019531,\n              41.69547509615208\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.60360717773436,\n              41.68060473460121\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6976cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levengood, J.M.","contributorId":57191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levengood","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiedenmann, L.","contributorId":61544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiedenmann","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaeffer, D.J.","contributorId":65038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matson, C. W.","contributorId":24717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Scott, J.W.","contributorId":89263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Talbott, J.L.","contributorId":24472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbott","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bordson, G.O.","contributorId":79597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bordson","given":"G.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bickham, J. W.","contributorId":87483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bickham","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Golden, N. H.","contributorId":55541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":97239,"text":"ofr20071359AD - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":97239,"text":"ofr20071359AD - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20071359AD","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"A-D","displayTitle":"Chemical Data for Rock, Sediment, Biological, Precipitate, and Water Samples from Abandoned Copper Mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":80624,"text":"ofr20071359 - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20071359","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":80624,"text":"ofr20071359 - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20071359","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T21:34:59.259644","indexId":"ofr20071359AD","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1359","chapter":"A-D","displayTitle":"Chemical Data for Rock, Sediment, Biological, Precipitate, and Water Samples from Abandoned Copper Mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"In the early 20th century, approximately 6 million metric tons of copper ore were mined from numerous deposits located along the shorelines of fjords and islands in Prince William Sound, Alaska. At the Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman mine sites (fig. 1), rocks containing Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb sulfide minerals are exposed to chemical weathering in abandoned mine workings and remnant waste piles that extend into the littoral zone. Field investigations in 2003 and 2005 as well as analytical data for rock, sediment, precipitate, water, and biological samples reveal that the oxidation of sulfides at these sites is resulting in the generation of acid mine drainage and the transport of metals into the marine environment (Koski and others, 2008; Stillings and others, 2008). \r\n\r\nAt the Ellamar and Threeman sites, plumes of acidic and metal-enriched water are flowing through beach gravels into the shallow offshore environment. Interstitial water samples collected from beach sediment at Ellamar have low pH levels (to ~3) and high concentrations of metals including iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, and mercury. The abundant precipitation of the iron sulfate mineral jarosite in the Ellamar gravels also signifies a low-pH environment. At the Beatson mine site (the largest copper mine in the region) seeps containing iron-rich microbial precipitates drain into the intertidal zone below mine dumps (Foster and others, 2008). A stream flowing down to the shoreline from underground mine workings at Beatson has near-neutral pH, but elevated levels of zinc, copper, and lead (Stillings and others, 2008). Offshore sediment samples at Beatson are enriched in these metals. Preliminary chemical data for tissue from marine mussels collected near the Ellamar, Threeman, and Beatson sites reveal elevated levels of copper, zinc, and lead compared to tissue in mussels from other locations in Prince William Sound (Koski and others, 2008). \r\n\r\nThree papers presenting results of this ongoing investigation of sulfide oxidation in Prince William Sound are in press. Koski and others (2008) provide an overview of rock alteration, surface water chemistry, and the distribution of metals at the Ellamar, Threeman, and Beatson mine sites. Based on a 60-day, stream-discharge experiment at Beatson in 2005, Stillings and others (2008) analyze changes in water chemistry during storm events and the flux of metals to the shoreline. Foster and others (2008) investigate the biomass and diversity of microbial communities present in surface waters (streams, seeps, pore waters) using fatty acid methyl ester (FAMES) data and principal component analysis. The publications cited above contain a subset of the total chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples collected from the three mine sites in 2003 and 2005. The purpose of this report is the presentation of complete chemical data sets for all samples collected during the two field periods of fieldwork. Data for a small number of samples collected at two other mines (Schlosser and Fidalgo, fig. 1), visited in 2003, are also included in the tables.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071359AD","usgsCitation":"Koski, R.A., and Munk, L., 2007, Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1359, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071359AD.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12290,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1359/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150,59.5 ], [ -150,61.25 ], [ -145,61.25 ], [ -145,59.5 ], [ -150,59.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munk, LeeAnn","contributorId":9727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munk","given":"LeeAnn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80624,"text":"ofr20071359 - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":97238,"text":"ofr20071359E - 2008 - Chemical data for precipitate samples","indexId":"ofr20071359E","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Chemical Data for Precipitate Samples","title":"Chemical data for precipitate samples"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":80624,"text":"ofr20071359 - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20071359","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":97239,"text":"ofr20071359AD - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20071359AD","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"A-D","displayTitle":"Chemical Data for Rock, Sediment, Biological, Precipitate, and Water Samples from Abandoned Copper Mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":80624,"text":"ofr20071359 - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20071359","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T12:39:51.889246","indexId":"ofr20071359","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1359","displayTitle":"Chemical Data for Rock, Sediment, Biological, Precipitate, and Water Samples from Abandoned Copper Mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nIn the early 20th century, approximately 6 million metric tons of copper ore were mined from numerous deposits located along the shorelines of fjords and islands in Prince William Sound, Alaska. At the Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman mine sites (fig. 1), rocks containing Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb sulfide minerals are exposed to chemical weathering in abandoned mine workings and remnant waste piles that extend into the littoral zone. Field investigations in 2003 and 2005 as well as analytical data for rock, sediment, precipitate, water, and biological samples reveal that the oxidation of sulfides at these sites is resulting in the generation of acid mine drainage and the transport of metals into the marine environment (Koski and others, 2008; Stillings and others, 2008).\r\n\r\nAt the Ellamar and Threeman sites, plumes of acidic and metal-enriched water are flowing through beach gravels into the shallow offshore environment. Interstitial water samples collected from beach sediment at Ellamar have low pH levels (to ~3) and high concentrations of metals including iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, and mercury. The abundant precipitation of the iron sulfate mineral jarosite in the Ellamar gravels also signifies a low-pH environment. At the Beatson mine site (the largest copper mine in the region) seeps containing iron-rich microbial precipitates drain into the intertidal zone below mine dumps (Foster and others, 2008). A stream flowing down to the shoreline from underground mine workings at Beatson has near-neutral pH, but elevated levels of zinc, copper, and lead (Stillings and others, 2008). Offshore sediment samples at Beatson are enriched in these metals. Preliminary chemical data for tissue from marine mussels collected near the Ellamar, Threeman, and Beatson sites reveal elevated levels of copper, zinc, and lead compared to tissue in mussels from other locations in Prince William Sound (Koski and others, 2008).\r\n\r\nThree papers presenting results of this ongoing investigation of sulfide oxidation in Prince William Sound are in press. Koski and others (2008) provide an overview of rock alteration, surface water chemistry, and the distribution of metals at the Ellamar, Threeman, and Beatson mine sites. Based on a 60-day, stream-discharge experiment at Beatson in 2005, Stillings and others (2008) analyze changes in water chemistry during storm events and the flux of metals to the shoreline. Foster and others (2008) investigate the biomass and diversity of microbial communities present in surface waters (streams, seeps, pore waters) using fatty acid methyl ester (FAMES) data and principal component analysis. The publications cited above contain a subset of the total chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples collected from the three mine sites in 2003 and 2005. The purpose of this report is the presentation of complete chemical data sets for all samples collected during the two field periods of fieldwork. Data for a small number of samples collected at two other mines (Schlosser and Fidalgo, fig. 1), visited in 2003, are also included in the tables.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071359","usgsCitation":"Koski, R.A., and Munk, L., 2007, Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1359, Report:30 p.; GIS Files; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071359.","productDescription":"Report:30 p.; GIS Files; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10461,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1359/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150,59.5 ], [ -150,61.25 ], [ -145,61.25 ], [ -145,59.5 ], [ -150,59.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munk, LeeAnn","contributorId":9727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munk","given":"LeeAnn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80607,"text":"ds299 - 2007 - Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Soils from Two Geochemical Surveys (1972 and 2005) of the Denver, Colorado, Metropolitan Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:33:29.824984","indexId":"ds299","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"299","title":"Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Soils from Two Geochemical Surveys (1972 and 2005) of the Denver, Colorado, Metropolitan Area","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThis report contains major- and trace-element concentration data for soil samples collected in 1972 and 2005 from the Denver, Colorado, metropolitan area. A total of 405 sites were sampled in the 1972 study from an area approximately bounded by the suburbs of Golden, Thornton, Aurora, and Littleton to the west, north, east, and south, respectively. This data set included 34 duplicate samples collected in the immediate vicinity of the primary sample. In 2005, a total of 464 sites together with 34 duplicates were sampled from the same approximate localities sampled in 1972 as well as additional sites in east Aurora and the area surrounding the Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Sample density for both surveys was on the order of 1 site per square mile. At each site, sample material was collected from a depth of 0-5 inches. Each sample collected was analyzed for near-total major- and trace-element composition by the following methods: (1) inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, indium, iron, lanthanum, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, phosphorus, potassium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, sulfur, tellurium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, yttrium, and zinc; and (2) hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry for selenium. The samples collected in 2005 were also analyzed by a cold vapor-atomic absorption method for mercury. This report makes available the analytical results of these studies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds299","usgsCitation":"Kilburn, J.E., Smith, D., Closs, L.G., and Smith, S.M., 2007, Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Soils from Two Geochemical Surveys (1972 and 2005) of the Denver, Colorado, Metropolitan Area (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 299, Report: iii, 5 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds299.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 5 p.; Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/299/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649863","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilburn, James E.","contributorId":40189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Closs, L. Graham","contributorId":89236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Closs","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Graham","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Steven M. 0000-0003-3591-5377 smsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377","contributorId":1460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"smsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":80556,"text":"cir1314 - 2007 - From Projectile Points to Microprocessors - The Influence of Some Industrial Minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:09","indexId":"cir1314","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1314","title":"From Projectile Points to Microprocessors - The Influence of Some Industrial Minerals","docAbstract":"In the language of economic geology, Earth materials are classified as metallic ores, fuel minerals, gemstones, and industrial minerals. Most people know that metallic ores yield shiny, conductive, ductile elements such as copper, iron, or gold. Most understand that energy-producing coals constitute a fuel mineral. Likewise, dazzling rubies and rare sapphires are universally recognized as gemstones. The fourth group, industrial minerals, is largely unknown to the general public, even though industrial minerals are as essential to daily life as metals and fuel minerals. This report examines the occurrence and practical uses of nine important industrial minerals - constituting just a few of the more than 50 industrial minerals that shape human culture.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/cir1314","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, R., 2007, From Projectile Points to Microprocessors - The Influence of Some Industrial Minerals (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1314, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1314.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10374,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1314/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b466d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, Rhonda","contributorId":96716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Rhonda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80474,"text":"ofr20071280 - 2007 - Metallogeny of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in Idaho and Montana - Studies by the Mineral Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T21:14:44.777819","indexId":"ofr20071280","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1280","title":"Metallogeny of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in Idaho and Montana - Studies by the Mineral Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004-2007","docAbstract":"Preface\r\n\r\nBy J.Michael O'Neill\r\n\r\nThe major emphasis of this project was to extend and refine the known Mesoproterozoic geologic and metallogenic framework of the region along and adjacent to the Idaho-Montana boundary north of the Snake River Plain. The Mesoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks in this part of east-central Idaho host important Cu-Co-Au stratabound mineral resources as well as younger, epigenetic hydrothermal, sulfide base-metal mineral deposits. Two tasks of this study were to more accurately understand and portray the character and origin of cobalt-copper-gold deposits that compose the Idaho cobalt belt and specifically to analyze ore mineralogy and metallogenesis within the Blackbird mining district in the central part of the belt. Inasmuch as the cobalt belt is confined to the Mesoproterozoic Lemhi Group strata of east-central Idaho, geologic investigations were also undertaken to determine the relationship between strata of the Lemhi Group and the more extensive, noncobalt-bearing, Belt-Purcell Supergroup strata to the north and northwest.\r\n\r\nAbrupt lateral differences in the character and thickness of stratigraphic units in the Mesoproterozoic Lemhi Basin may indicate differential sedimentation in contemporaneous fault-bounded subbasins. It is suggested that northeast-trending basement faults of the Great Falls tectonic zone controlled development of the subbasins. O'Neill and others (chapter A, this volume) document a second major basement fault in this area, the newly recognized northwest-striking Great Divide megashear, a zone 1-2 km wide of left-lateral strike-slip faults active during Mesoproterozoic sedimentation and bounding the Cu-Co belt on the northwest. The megashear is a crustal-scale tectonic feature that separates Lemhi Group strata from roughly coeval Belt-Purcell strata to the north and northwest in Montana and northern Idaho.\r\n\r\nThe results of numerous geologic investigations of the Cu- and Co-bearing Mesoproterozoic rocks of east-central Idaho are integrated and summarized by Bookstrom and others (chapter B, this volume). In particular, their field investigations and analysis of evidence and previous arguments for synsedimentary versus epigenetic mineral deposit types, both of which have been postulated by earlier workers, led them to conclude that both processes were likely instrumental in forming the ore deposits of the Blackbird district.\r\n\r\nFinally, this report supplies new data on isotopic ratios of sulfur, oxygen, carbon, and helium in minerals associated with cobalt-bearing ores of the cobalt belt. Slack (chapter C, this volume) identified several previously unrecognized rare-earth-element minerals in Blackbird ores: monazite (Ce,La,Y,Th)PO4, xenotime (YPO4), allanite (CaCe)2(Al,Fe)3Si3O12(OH), and gadolinite (Be2FeY2Si2O10). Light rare-earth elements reside mostly in monazite, whereas yttrium and heavy rare-earth minerals reside mostly in xenotime. Dated monazite, which in the Blackbird district is interstitial to cobaltite, is Cretaceous. This date brings into question the otherwise geologically convincing interpretation of Blackbird ores as being of Mesoproterozoic age and synsedimentary origin.\r\n\r\nThis volume consists of three summary articles:\r\n\r\nA. Great Divide megashear, Montana, Idaho, and Washington: An intraplate crustal-scale shear zone recurrently active since the Mesoproterozoic by J. Michael O'Neill, Edward T. Ruppel, and David A. Lopez\r\n\r\nB. Blackbird Fe-Cu-Co-Au-REE deposits by Arthur A. Bookstrom, Craig A. Johnson, Gary P. Landis, and Thomas P. Frost\r\n\r\nC. Geochemical and mineralogical studies of sulfide and iron oxide deposits in the Idaho cobalt belt by John F. 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