Probabilistic models to inform landslide early warning systems often rely on rainfall totals observed during past events with landslides. However, these models are generally developed for broad regions using large catalogs, with dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of landslide occurrences. This study evaluates strategies for training landslide forecasting models with a scanty record of landslide-triggering events, which is a typical limitation in remote, sparsely populated regions. We evaluate 136 statistical models trained on a precipitation dataset with five landslide-triggering precipitation events recorded near Sitka, Alaska, USA, as well as > 6000 d of non-triggering rainfall (2002–2020). We also conduct extensive statistical evaluation for three primary purposes: (1) to select the best-fitting models, (2) to evaluate performance of the preferred models, and (3) to select and evaluate warning thresholds. We use Akaike, Bayesian, and leave-one-out information criteria to compare the 136 models, which are trained on different cumulative precipitation variables at time intervals ranging from 1 h to 2 weeks, using both frequentist and Bayesian methods to estimate the daily probability and intensity of potential landslide occurrence (logistic regression and Poisson regression). We evaluate the best-fit models using leave-one-out validation as well as by testing a subset of the data. Despite this sparse landslide inventory, we find that probabilistic models can effectively distinguish days with landslides from days without slide activity. Our statistical analyses show that 3 h precipitation totals are the best predictor of elevated landslide hazard, and adding antecedent precipitation (days to weeks) did not improve model performance. This relatively short timescale of precipitation combined with the limited role of antecedent conditions likely reflects the rapid draining of porous colluvial soils on the very steep hillslopes around Sitka. Although frequentist and Bayesian inferences produce similar estimates of landslide hazard, they do have different implications for use and interpretation: frequentist models are familiar and easy to implement, but Bayesian models capture the rare-events problem more explicitly and allow for better understanding of parameter uncertainty given the available data. We use the resulting estimates of daily landslide probability to establish two decision boundaries that define three levels of warning. With these decision boundaries, the frequentist logistic regression model incorporates National Weather Service quantitative precipitation forecasts into a real-time landslide early warning “dashboard” system (https://sitkalandslide.org/, last access: 9 October 2023). This dashboard provides accessible and data-driven situational awareness for community members and emergency managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-23-3261-2023","usgsCitation":"Patton, A., Luna, L., Roering, J.J., Jacobs, A., Korup, O., and Mirus, B., 2023, Landslide initiation thresholds in data-sparse regions: Application to landslide early warning criteria in Sitka, Alaska, USA: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 23, no. 10, p. 3261-3284, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3261-2023.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"3261","endPage":"3284","ipdsId":"IP-148647","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441845,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3261-2023","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Sitka","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -135.5083890264902,\n 57.18995904083906\n ],\n [\n -135.5083890264902,\n 56.972958920434166\n ],\n [\n -135.177168114468,\n 56.972958920434166\n ],\n [\n -135.177168114468,\n 57.18995904083906\n ],\n [\n -135.5083890264902,\n 57.18995904083906\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patton, Annette","contributorId":303028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patton","given":"Annette","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65615,"text":"Sitka Sound Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":866314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luna, Lisa","contributorId":303029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luna","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52955,"text":"University of Potsdam","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":866315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roering, Josh J.","contributorId":303030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roering","given":"Josh","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":866316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacobs, Aaron","contributorId":204855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36995,"text":"NWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":866317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Korup, Oliver","contributorId":218071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Korup","given":"Oliver","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39735,"text":"Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":866318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B. 0000-0001-5550-014X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-014X","contributorId":267912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70249600,"text":"70249600 - 2023 - Inter-comparison of measurements of inorganic chemical components in precipitation from NADP and CAPMoN at collocated sites in the USA and Canada during 1986–2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T13:19:06.53518","indexId":"70249600","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-18T09:23:53","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inter-comparison of measurements of inorganic chemical components in precipitation from NADP and CAPMoN at collocated sites in the USA and Canada during 1986–2019","docAbstract":"Wet deposition monitoring is a critical part of the long-term monitoring of acid deposition, which aims to assess the ecological impact of anthropogenic emissions of SO2 and NOx. In North America, long-term wet deposition has been monitored through two national networks: the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network (CAPMoN) and the US National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP), for Canada and the USA, respectively. In order to assess the comparability of measurements from the two networks, collocated measurements have been made at two sites, one in each country, since 1986 (Sirois et al., in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 62, 273–303, 2000; Wetherbee et al., in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1995–2004, 2010). In this study, we compared the measurements from NADP and CAPMoN instrumentation at the collocated sites at the Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), USA, from 1989 to 2016, and Frelighsburg, Quebec, Canada, from 2002 to 2019. We also included in the study the collocated daily-vs-weekly measurements by the CAPMoN network during 1999–2001 and 2016–2017 in order to evaluate the differences in wet concentration of ions due to sampling frequency alone. The study serves as an extension to two previous CAPMoN-NADP inter-comparisons by Sirois et al. (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 62, 273–303, 2000) and Wetherbee et al., in (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1995–2004, 2010). At the Penn State University site, for 1986–2019, CAPMoN was higher than NADP for all ions, in terms of weekly concentration, precipitation-weighted annual mean concentration, and annual wet deposition. The precipitation-weighted annual mean concentrations were higher for SO42− (2%), NO3− (12%), NH4+ (16%), H+ (6%), and base cations and Cl− (11–15%). For annual wet deposition, CAPMoN was higher for SO4−2, NO3−, NH4+ and H+ (5–17%), and base cations and Cl− (12–17%) during 1986–2019. At the Frelighsburg site, NADP changed the sample collector in October 2011. For 2002–2011, the relative differences at the Frelighsburg site were positive and similar in magnitude to those at the Penn State site. For 2012–2019, the precipitation-weighted annual mean concentrations were 5–27% lower than NADP, except for H+, which was 23% higher. The change in sample collector by NADP had the largest effect on between-network biases. The comparisons of daily-vs-weekly measurements conducted by the CAPMoN network during 1999–2001 and 2016–2017 show that the weekly measurements were higher than the daily measurements by 1–3% for SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+; 3–9% for Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and Cl−; 10–24% for K+; and lower for H+ by 8–30% in terms of precipitation-weighted mean concentration. Thus, differences in sampling frequencies did not contribute to the systematically higher CAPMoN measurements. Understanding the biases in the data for these networks is important for interpretation of continental scale deposition models and transboundary comparison of wet deposition trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10661-023-11771-z","usgsCitation":"Feng, J., Cole, A., Wetherbee, G.A., and Banwait, K., 2023, Inter-comparison of measurements of inorganic chemical components in precipitation from NADP and CAPMoN at collocated sites in the USA and Canada during 1986–2019: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 195, 1333, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11771-z.","productDescription":"1333, 34 p.","ipdsId":"IP-153496","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441851,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11771-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"195","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feng, Jian","contributorId":330980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feng","given":"Jian","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Amanda","contributorId":330981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetherbee, Gregory A. 0000-0002-6720-2294","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-2294","contributorId":215100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banwait, Kulbir","contributorId":330982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banwait","given":"Kulbir","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70257232,"text":"70257232 - 2023 - Advances in wildlife abundance estimation using pedigree reconstruction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-14T11:42:08.512608","indexId":"70257232","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-18T06:38:48","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advances in wildlife abundance estimation using pedigree reconstruction","docAbstract":"The conservation and management of wildlife populations, particularly for threatened and endangered species are greatly aided with abundance, growth rate, and density measures. Traditional methods of estimating abundance and related metrics represent trade-offs in effort and precision of estimates. Pedigree reconstruction is an emerging, attractive alternate approach because its use of one-time, noninvasive sampling of individuals to infer the existence of unsampled individuals. However, advances in pedigree reconstruction could improve its utility, including forming a measure of precision for the method, establishing required spatial sampling effort for accurate estimates, ascertaining the spatial extent of abundance estimates derived from pedigree reconstruction, and assessing how population density affects the estimator's performance. Using established relationships for a stochastic, spatially explicit simulated moose (Alces americanus) population, pedigree reconstruction provided accurate estimates of the adult moose population size and trend. Novel bootstrapped confidence intervals performed as expected with intensive sampling but underperformed with moderate sampling efforts that could produce abundance estimates with low bias. Adult population estimates more closely reflected the total number of adults in the extant population, rather than number of adults inhabiting the area where sampling occurred. Increasing sampling effort, measured as the proportion of individuals sampled and as the proportion of a hypothetical study area, yielded similar asymptotic patterns over time. Simulations indicated a positive relationship between animal density and sampling effort required for unbiased estimates. These results indicate that pedigree reconstruction can produce accurate abundance estimates and may be particularly valuable for surveying smaller areas and low-density populations.
We rarely consider light limitation in ecosystem productivity, yet light limitation is a major constraint on river autotrophy. Because the light that reaches benthic autotrophs must first pass through terrestrial vegetation and an overlying water column that can be loaded with sediments or colored organic material, there is strong selection for river autotrophs to have high light use efficiencies (LUEs), that is, the efficiency at which light energy is converted to biomass. In contrast to prior studies that have estimated river LUE on single days, we calculated continuous LUE over more than 6 full years for 64 free-flowing rivers across the United States. This dataset represents the largest compilation of continuous estimates of daily rates of gross primary productivity (GPP) and daily light inputs from which we calculated daily estimates of LUE. Early estimates of LUE in rivers found that clearwater springs with stable flows could achieve LUEs of 4%, much higher than LUEs reported for terrestrial plants. We found that 53% of the rivers in our dataset have LUEs that exceed 4% on at least one day of their time series. Because of the high variability in daily LUE, measurements taken on any given day may misrepresent a river ecosystem's annual LUE. Though most rivers share a high potential, the mean annual LUE of all rivers in our dataset is much lower, only 0.5%. We found that rivers with more variable flow regimes had lower annual LUEs, which indicates that LUE is constrained by hydrologic disturbances that remove, bury, or shade autotrophic biomass. Comparisons of LUE across ecosystems allow us to reframe our view of rivers, by recognizing the high efficiency with which they convert light to biomass compared with lentic, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4659","usgsCitation":"Thellman, A., Savoy, P., and Bernhardt, E., 2023, High potential but low achievement: Frequent disturbance constrains the light use efficiency of river ecosystems: Ecosphere, v. 14, no. 10, e4659, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4659.","productDescription":"e4659, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151660","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4659","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492731,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n 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0000-0002-6075-837X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6075-837X","contributorId":300288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoy","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernhardt, Emily S.","contributorId":92143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Emily S.","affiliations":[{"id":27331,"text":"Duke University, Durham, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70256170,"text":"70256170 - 2023 - The Mojave section of the San Andreas fault (California), 1: Shaping the terrace stratigraphy of Littlerock Creek through the competition between rapid strike-slip faulting and lateral stream erosion over the last 40ka.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-26T00:13:41.320242","indexId":"70256170","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-16T19:11:42","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7143,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, and Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Mojave section of the San Andreas fault (California), 1: Shaping the terrace stratigraphy of Littlerock Creek through the competition between rapid strike-slip faulting and lateral stream erosion over the last 40ka.","docAbstract":"To determine the post-40 ka slip-rate along the Mojave section of the San Andreas Fault (MSAF) we re-analyze the sedimentary record preserved where Little Rock (LR) Creek flows across the fault. At this location, interaction between the northeast-flowing stream and right-lateral fault has resulted in the abandonment and preservation of 11 strath terraces and one paleo-floodplain in the downstream trailing corner of the river, two of which are also preserved upstream to provide cross-fault matches. A new model of fault-induced river deflection, together with standard terrace riser restoration, yields strike-slip displacements of 1,140 ± 160 m for the older terrace and 360 ± 70 m for the younger one. When combined with new 10Be dating and reinterpretation of prior measurements the displaced terraces yield right-lateral slip-rates of 27.7+6.9/−3.5 and 26.8+3.4/−3.0 mm/yr over the last 23 k.y. and last 40 k.y., where uncertainties are at 95% credible intervals. These new rate determinations are consistent with independent late Holocene estimates, indicating that the long-term rate of strain accumulation along the MSAF is relatively fast and does not vary significantly when averaged over timescales of 15–20 k.y. Using our new model of stream deflection, we find that the fluvial sequence was emplaced in two distinct periods, each characterized by a temporally stable but markedly different deflected river geometry. Each period coincides with a distinct stage of erosive power along LR Creek determined from independent paleoclimate proxies. Importantly, application of the new river-deflection model allows strike-slip displacements to be determined in the absence of upstream piercing points.
In the Pacific Northwest (USA), Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. populations have been declining significantly for decades, prompting stakeholders to respond with a variety of conservation and restoration measures. One such measure being considered in the Skagit River basin (Washington, USA) is the introduction of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout) above the impassable Gorge, Diablo, and Ross dams to bolster their populations. Because freshwater growth is key to survival at subsequent life stages, we evaluated current trends in size and growth of Rainbow Trout among key tributaries to Gorge, Diablo, and Ross reservoirs using empirical data collection and bioenergetics modeling.
For nine candidate streams, a bioenergetics model was used to assess how temperature and prey consumption affected growth performance of Rainbow Trout between annuli 1 and 2, and 2 and 3. Thermal scenarios were created to evaluate how fish growth responded to temperature variability while total annual consumption was constrained within empirical growth estimates. We then compared these results to back-calculated size thresholds established by size-at-age observed in wild steelhead adults that returned to the Skagit River below the dams.
Of the streams proposed for introductions, there was one instance (McMillan Creek) in the nominal simulations where growth met or exceeded the size at annulus 2 or 3 of a returning adult steelhead (24.9 g at annulus 2 and 50.3 g at annulus 3). Modeled growth under different thermal scenarios showed that colder temperatures (0.1–10.7°C, Canyon Creek) produced higher growth than under the nominal or warm scenarios (2.0–15.3°C, Canyon Creek), as well as one additional tributary where size at annulus 2 or 3 (±2 SE) was comparable to the threshold established by adult steelhead below the dams (Big Beaver Creek, annulus 3).
These results suggest Rainbow Trout growth is most limited by prey availability in the examined upper Skagit tributaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10944","usgsCitation":"Jensen, B.L., Johnson, R.C., Duda, J.J., Ostberg, C.O., Code, T.J., Mclean, J.H., Stenberg, K.D., Larsen, K., Hoy, M.S., and Beauchamp, D., 2023, Growth performance of Rainbow Trout in reservoir tributaries and implications for steelhead growth potential above Skagit River dams: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 43, no. 5, p. 1427-1446, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10944.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1427","endPage":"1446","ipdsId":"IP-147915","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Skagit River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n 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0000-0001-7978-2452","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7978-2452","contributorId":202172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hoy, Marshal S. 0000-0003-2828-9697","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-9697","contributorId":220730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"Marshal","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Beauchamp, David 0000-0002-3592-8381","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":217816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70254202,"text":"70254202 - 2023 - Unraveling mechnisms underlying effects of wetting–drying cycles on soil respiration in a dryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T11:42:23.587808","indexId":"70254202","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-13T06:37:32","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unraveling mechnisms underlying effects of wetting–drying cycles on soil respiration in a dryland","docAbstract":"Rewetting of dry soils usually stimulates soil carbon (C) emission, a phenomenon known as the Birch effect. Soil C cycling in drylands, which store approximately one third of terrestrial soil organic C (SOC), is strongly affected by wetting–drying cycles. However, the physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms that link rewetting cycles with dryland soil C cycling have not been comprehensively studied, nor do we understand how these mechanisms interact with each other. Here, we conducted a dryland soil incubation experiment manipulating four factors related to global change (soil moisture content, soil moisture variability, C availability, and prior warming) in a factorial design. The experiment was divided into two periods: a rewetting period consisting of six 14-d wetting–drying cycles; and a recovery period lasting 28 days during which soil moisture content was held stable, allowing for examination of the legacy effects of the wet-dry cycles. Rewetting cycles decreased soil aggregate stability under some conditions, but their effects on soil microbial biomass and fungal communities, soil enzyme activities, soil priming, and soil dissolved C were not significant. We found lower average soil respiration under the wetting–drying treatment than the stable soil moisture treatment, and Birch effects were observed, but only under some conditions. This was probably because moisture variability exacerbated soil microbial metabolic stress, which showed itself as oxygen limitation during the initial precipitation pulse and as water limitation during soil drying. Notably, respiration rates remained low even after moisture fluctuations ceased, suggesting a legacy effect of rewetting cycles on dryland microbial communities. Overall, rewetting inhibited aggregate formation (physical mechanism), and suppressed soil respiration by inducing soil microbial metabolic stress (biological mechanism), ultimately leading to lower soil C loss under rewetting. Our findings indicate that Birch effects are mediated by the magnitude of moisture variability, the availability of C, and the degree of physiological stress microbes experience.
High juvenile mortality prevents recruitment into the adult populations of endangered Shortnose Sucker Chasmistes brevirostris and Lost River Sucker Deltistes luxatus in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. To address the lack of recruitment, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service implemented the Sucker Assisted Rearing Program (SARP). Managers developing the rearing program lack information about how length at release relates to survival. To determine how initial length affects survival of captively reared juvenile suckers, we introduced juvenile suckers from the SARP into three net-pens in Upper Klamath Lake.
The juvenile suckers ranged from 102 to 284 mm standard length, and each fish was tagged with a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag. Fish were monitored continuously by PIT antennas and mortality was inferred when movements ceased.
Estimated survival over 57 days was high in all net-pens (0.79–1.00) and remained high at two net-pens for 76 and 86 days. Adjusted survival curves resulting from a stratified Cox model with standard length as a covariate, indicated that length positively influenced predicted survival by as much as 41% at one site. During the study, pH and dissolved oxygen regularly exceeded no-effect thresholds at two sites and briefly reached lethal thresholds at the same two sites but did not coincide with the observed mortalities. Slower growth and the lowest survival were observed at the third site, where water quality never exceeded thresholds.
A larger release size and the location of the net-pen can improve the survivability of juvenile suckers in net-pens in Upper Klamath Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10933","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, J.M., Burdick, S.M., Krause, J.R., and Harris, A., 2023, Does release size into net-pens affect survival of captively reared juvenile endangered suckers in Upper Klamath Lake?: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 43, no. 5, p. 1322-1336, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10933.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1322","endPage":"1336","ipdsId":"IP-144776","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435151,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JE15XZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Detections, Physical Captures, Water Quality, and Fish Health associated with Endangered Suckers in Three Net Pens in Upper Klamath Lake, 2020"},{"id":421902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.2589402064643,\n 42.721377871574475\n ],\n [\n -122.2589402064643,\n 42.11308416751328\n ],\n [\n -121.54757546037055,\n 42.11308416751328\n ],\n [\n -121.54757546037055,\n 42.721377871574475\n ],\n [\n -122.2589402064643,\n 42.721377871574475\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, John Michael 0000-0002-3210-2226","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3210-2226","contributorId":328462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krause, Jacob Richard 0000-0002-9804-2481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9804-2481","contributorId":300701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, Alta C. 0000-0002-2123-3028 aharris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2123-3028","contributorId":3490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Alta C.","email":"aharris@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70249465,"text":"70249465 - 2023 - Mapping methane reduction potential of tidal wetland restoration in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-06T15:28:34.242414","indexId":"70249465","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-06T10:20:57","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8956,"text":"Communications Earth & Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping methane reduction potential of tidal wetland restoration in the United States","docAbstract":"Coastal wetlands can emit excess methane in cases where they are impounded and artificially freshened by structures that impede tidal exchange. We provide a new assessment of coastal methane reduction opportunities for the contiguous United States by combining multiple publicly available map layers, reassessing greenhouse gas emissions datasets, and applying scenarios informed by geospatial information system and by surveys of coastal managers. Independent accuracy assessment indicates that coastal impoundments are under-mapped at the national level by a factor of one-half. Restorations of freshwater-impounded wetlands to brackish or saline conditions have the greatest potential climate benefit of all mapped conversion opportunities, but were rarer than other potential conversion events. At the national scale we estimate potential emissions reduction for coastal wetlands to be 0.91 Teragrams of carbon dioxide equivalents year−1, a more conservative assessment compared to previous estimates. We provide a map of 1,796 parcels with the potential for tidal re-connection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1038/s43247-023-00988-y","usgsCitation":"Holmquist, J., Eagle, M.J., Molinari, R., Nick, S.K., Stachowicz, L., and Kroeger, K.D., 2023, Mapping methane reduction potential of tidal wetland restoration in the United States: Communications Earth & Environment, v. 4, 353, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00988-y.","productDescription":"353, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147041","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00988-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n 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James","contributorId":204126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmquist","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":36858,"text":"Smithsonian","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagle, Meagan J. 0000-0001-5072-2755 meagle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-2755","contributorId":242890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagle","given":"Meagan","email":"meagle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Molinari, Rebecca","contributorId":330740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molinari","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78999,"text":"Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd., Edgewater, 21037, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nick, Sydney K. 0000-0003-4901-7308","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4901-7308","contributorId":290709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nick","given":"Sydney","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stachowicz, Liana","contributorId":330741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stachowicz","given":"Liana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24583,"text":"former USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kroeger, Kevin D. 0000-0002-4272-2349 kkroeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2349","contributorId":1603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"Kevin","email":"kkroeger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70249485,"text":"70249485 - 2023 - Comparing reintroduction strategies for the endangered San Francisco gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia) using demographic models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-11T12:04:31.640668","indexId":"70249485","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-05T07:00:46","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparing reintroduction strategies for the endangered San Francisco gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia) using demographic models","title":"Comparing reintroduction strategies for the endangered San Francisco gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia) using demographic models","docAbstract":"For endangered species persisting in a few populations, reintroductions to unoccupied habitat are a popular conservation action to increase viability in the long term. Identifying the reintroduction strategy that is most likely to result in viable founder and donor populations is essential to optimally use resources available for conservation. The San Francisco gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia) is an endangered sub-species that persists in a small number of populations in a highly urbanized region of California. Most of the extant populations of San Francisco gartersnakes have low adult abundance and effective population size, heightening the need for establishment of more populations for insurance against the risk of extinction. We used simulations from demographic models to project the probability of quasi-extinction for reintroduced populations of San Francisco gartersnakes based on the release of neonate, juvenile, adult, or mixed-age propagules. Our simulation results indicated that the release of head-started juveniles resulted in the greatest viability of reintroduced populations, and that releases would need to continue for at least 15 years to ensure a low probability of quasi-extinction. Releasing captive-bred juvenile snakes would also have less effect on the viability of the donor population, compared to strategies that require more adult snakes to be removed from the donor population for translocation. Our models focus on snake demography, but the genetic makeup of donor, captive, and reintroduced populations will also be a major concern for any proposed reintroduction plan. This study demonstrates how modeling can be used to inform reintroduction strategies for highly imperiled species.
The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens was instrumental in advancing understanding of how volcanoes work. Lateral edifice collapses and the generation of volcanic debris avalanches were not widely recognized prior to that eruption, making assessment of their hazards and risks challenging. The proliferation of studies since 1980 on resulting deposits and evaluation of processes leading to their generation has built on the insights from the 1980 eruption. Volcano-related destabilizing phenomena, such as strength reduction by hydrothermal alteration, deformation and structural modifications from shallow magma intrusion, and thermal pressurization of pore fluids supplement those factors also affecting nonvolcanic slopes and can lead to larger failures. Remote and ground-based monitoring techniques can aid in detecting potentially destabilizing dynamic processes and in forecasting the size and location of future large lateral collapses, although forecasting remains a topic of investigation. More than a thousand large lateral collapse events likely ≥ 0.01 km3 in volume have now been identified from deposits or inferred from source area morphology, leading to a recognition of their importance in the evolution of volcanoes and the hazards they pose. Criteria for recognition of debris-avalanche deposits include morphological factors and textural characteristics from outcrop to microscopic scale, allowing discrimination from other volcaniclastic deposits. Lateral edifice failure impacts a broad spectrum of volcanic structures in diverse tectonic settings and can occur multiple times during the evolution of individual volcanoes. Globally, collapses ≥ 0.1 km3 in volume have been documented 5–6 times per century since 1500 CE, with about one per century having a volume ≥ 1 km3. Smaller events < 0.1 km3 are underrepresented in the earlier record but also have high hazard impact.
Initiated through Presidential direction and now codified, the National Ocean Mapping, Exploration, and Characterization (NOMEC) Council comprises leaders from U.S. federal agencies with a shared goal of mapping all waters of the United States and exploring and characterizing priority areas. The NOMEC Council’s two Interagency Working Groups, Ocean and Coastal Mapping (IWG-OCM) and Ocean Exploration and Characterization (IWG-OEC), both achieved major milestones recently with the 2023 release of the Draft Standard Ocean Mapping Protocols (SOMP) and the 2022 publication of the National Priorities for Ocean Exploration and Characterization. Building on this groundwork, the IWG-OEC is now looking to define and share best practices, guidelines, and resources for ocean exploration and characterization with the long-term goal of increasing community wide standardization to help achieve consistent common practices. First, the IWG-OEC plans to compile federal agency resources and share them in a newly developed online resource repository. The next phase is for the IWG-OEC to create opportunities for non-federal sectors to provide input on developing and populating this repository with additional content (existing standards and protocols, best practice and guidelines documents, etc.). After experts representing multiple sectors are identified, a series of results-oriented workshops are planned to provide input on all aspects of the data, products, and services from exploration and characterization. Finally, the IWG-OEC plans to widely share the online repository of best practices and standard operating procedures. A systematic, transparent, and collaborative process to share standards and protocols can help to enhance the interoperability of data and inform new lines of inquiry, discovery, research, and innovation.
Candy darter Etheostoma osburni, a federally endangered non-game fish, has been extirpated from most of its historic range in Virginia and now occurs in four isolated populations in the New River drainage. Understanding of population genetic structure will provide insights into the recent natural history of the species and can inform conservation management. Our objectives were to: characterize population genetic structure, estimate and compare effective population sizes (Ne), and use this information to infer recent population history. Variation at mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences among 150 individuals showed 10 haplotypes separated by 1–14 mutational steps, some shared and some unique to particular populations. Variation at 12 microsatellite loci among 171 individuals showed lower variation in Dismal Creek than in other populations. All populations showed evidence of having experienced a genetic bottleneck and were highly differentiated from one another based on both types of DNA markers. Population genetic structure was related to stream position in regard to the New River, suggesting that populations were once connected. Ne estimates for all populations were less than the 500 recommended to maintain evolutionary potential, but most estimates were greater than the 100 needed for use as source populations. Our findings indicate that habitat management to allow expansion of populations, and translocations to exchange genetic material among populations, may be effective tactics to promote conservation of candy darter in Virginia.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/fishes8100490","usgsCitation":"McBaine, K., Angermeier, P., and Hallerman, E., 2023, Genetic structure across isolated Virginia populations of the endangered candy darter (Etheostoma osburni): Fishes, v. 8, no. 10, 490, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8100490.","productDescription":"490, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-142203","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8100490","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"New River drainage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.18942982675185,\n 38.787279180550485\n ],\n [\n -81.18942982675185,\n 36.10166764914369\n ],\n [\n -79.93920046919138,\n 36.10166764914369\n ],\n [\n -79.93920046919138,\n 38.787279180550485\n ],\n [\n -81.18942982675185,\n 38.787279180550485\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBaine, Kathyrn E.","contributorId":342648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBaine","given":"Kathyrn E.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":204519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hallerman, Eric M.","contributorId":279474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallerman","given":"Eric M.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242724,"text":"70242724 - 2023 - Evaluate propagation efforts and determine dispersal patterns for Quadrula fragosa from tagged, artificially infested host fish (Ictalurus punctatus) in the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway (SACN)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-28T17:02:20.259859","indexId":"70242724","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-30T11:57:43","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7504,"text":"Final Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"displayTitle":"Evaluate propagation efforts and determine dispersal patterns for Quadrula fragosa from tagged, artificially infested host fish (Ictalurus punctatus) in the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway (SACN)","title":"Evaluate propagation efforts and determine dispersal patterns for Quadrula fragosa from tagged, artificially infested host fish (Ictalurus punctatus) in the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway (SACN)","docAbstract":"The St. Croix National Scenic Riverway (SACN) has been the site of propagation and restoration efforts for two federally endangered unionid mussels: Higgins’ Eye, Lampsilis higginsii and Winged Mapleleaf (WML), Quadrula fragosa. Since about 2000, government agencies have collaboratively developed techniques to successfully propagate Higgins’ Eye and reintroduce the captive-reared subadult mussels into rehabilitated habitats in the upper Mississippi River Basin and several tributaries, including the SACN. However, propagation efforts for the WML have had limited success from 2003 to present. The population of WML in the SACN has high value because it is physically isolated and genetically distinct from four southern populations, and it is the only known self-sustaining population within the upper Mississippi River. Unionids have a complex reproductive cycle that includes a parasitic larval stage (glochidia) that requires species-specific fish hosts. WML are one of the few species that are fall, short-term (~6 weeks) brooders—brooding begins at end of August. In the SACN, Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) are the only known host for WML and glochidia are assumed to overwinter on their host fish and detach the following spring. Research has shown that holding hatchery reared channel catfish that are infested with WML glochidia in cages, either in situ or in a hatchery, over winter has been a challenge due to high fish mortality; rearing juveniles after transformation has also resulted in high mortality rates and juvenile loss (Wege et al. 2007). The importance of the overwintering parasitic period and the overall health of the host fish for successful transformation of juvenile WML is unknown, but these key criteria could play an important role in successful propagation efforts. This research has three objectives: (1) compile historic data from >14 years of Q. fragosa propagation efforts into a searchable database to identify potential knowledge gaps that could be limiting its success, (2) explore in situ and ex situ propagation techniques to optimize production of Q. fragosa juveniles, and (3) characterize the movement pattern of Channel Catfish that are artificially inoculated with the SACN strain of Q. fragosa to identify potential juvenile release survey locations in future years.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service (NPS)","usgsCitation":"Bartsch, M., 2023, Evaluate propagation efforts and determine dispersal patterns for Quadrula fragosa from tagged, artificially infested host fish (Ictalurus punctatus) in the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway (SACN): Final Report, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-150971","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415767,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/RPRS/IAR/Profile/573106"},{"id":427222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix National Scenic Riverway","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.71000906231872,\n 45.49867074154517\n ],\n [\n -92.71859207511878,\n 45.528691637663\n ],\n [\n -92.71712134113274,\n 45.54423659649845\n ],\n [\n -92.78307297267946,\n 45.57666706679137\n ],\n [\n -92.87175016016285,\n 45.57560062474545\n ],\n [\n -92.8823158739112,\n 45.64115838394207\n ],\n [\n -92.90800656678626,\n 45.63869230668081\n ],\n [\n -92.90093848202504,\n 45.56997586232177\n ],\n [\n -92.84201504830612,\n 45.552332618987634\n ],\n [\n -92.77301111121999,\n 45.55480983613549\n ],\n [\n -92.75042056502501,\n 45.50408264384447\n ],\n [\n -92.72673985861034,\n 45.496650138913\n ],\n [\n -92.71000906231872,\n 45.49867074154517\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartsch, Michelle 0000-0002-9571-5564 mbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-5564","contributorId":3165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Michelle","email":"mbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70260095,"text":"70260095 - 2023 - Petrology and geochronology of Cretaceous–Eocene plutonic rocks in northeastern Washington, USA: Crustal thickening, slab rollback, and origin of the Challis episode","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-28T12:02:39.587199","indexId":"70260095","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-30T07:00:55","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology and geochronology of Cretaceous–Eocene plutonic rocks in northeastern Washington, USA: Crustal thickening, slab rollback, and origin of the Challis episode","docAbstract":"Cretaceous through Eocene plutonic rocks in northeastern Washington, USA, document a 60 m.y. history of crustal thickening and subsequent collapse and extension in response to two terrane-accretion events. Rocks emplaced 113–53 Ma have increasing La/Yb ratios reflecting orogenic plateau development after arrival of the Insular terrane by 100 Ma. Plutons emplaced 52–45 Ma (the Challis episode) document collapse of this plateau and define a SW-younging age progression attributed to breakoff and rollback of the Farallon slab following accretion of the Siletzia terrane at ca. 50 Ma. All of the rocks have chemical traits of arc magmas, likely inherited from their lower-crustal sources, but low B/Be ratios and the lack of evidence for amphibole fractionation indicate the Eocene magmas formed under drier conditions than are typical of active subduction settings. These magmas also originated at greater depth (eclogitic vs. gabbroic source) and were emplaced more shallowly than the earlier ones. All rocks have overlapping Sr-Nd and O isotopic data, indicating significant contributions from older continental crust, and depleted mantle Nd model ages become older toward the east, defining three regions that correspond with previously inferred lower-crustal domains. Farallon slab rollback also drove extension (core complex formation, dike swarms) and crustal uplift, which, along with voluminous magmatism, define the Challis episode. This tectonic model is further supported by seismic tomography, which has identified remnants of a detached slab in the upper mantle beneath the region.
Ecological restoration is critical for recovering degraded ecosystems but is challenged by variable success and low predictability. Understanding which outcomes are more predictable and less variable following restoration can improve restoration effectiveness. Recent theory asserts that the predictability of outcomes would follow an order from most to least predictable from coarse to fine community properties (physical structure > taxonomic diversity > functional composition > taxonomic composition) and that predictability would increase with more severe environmental conditions constraining species establishment. We tested this “hierarchy of predictability” hypothesis by synthesizing outcomes along an aridity gradient with 11 grassland restoration projects across the United States. We used 1829 vegetation monitoring plots from 227 restoration treatments, spread across 52 sites. We fit generalized linear mixed-effects models to predict six indicators of restoration outcomes as a function of restoration characteristics (i.e., seed mixes, disturbance, management actions, time since restoration) and used variance explained by models and model residuals as proxies for restoration predictability. We did not find consistent support for our hypotheses. Physical structure was among the most predictable outcomes when the response variable was relative abundance of grasses, but unpredictable for total canopy cover. Similarly, one dimension of taxonomic composition related to species identities was unpredictable, but another dimension of taxonomic composition indicating whether exotic or native species dominated the community was highly predictable. Taxonomic diversity (i.e., species richness) and functional composition (i.e., mean trait values) were intermittently predictable. Predictability also did not increase consistently with aridity. The dimension of taxonomic composition related to the identity of species in restored communities was more predictable (i.e., smaller residuals) in more arid sites, but functional composition was less predictable (i.e., larger residuals), and other outcomes showed no significant trend. Restoration outcomes were most predictable when they related to variation in dominant species, while those responding to rare species were harder to predict, indicating a potential role of scale in restoration predictability. Overall, our results highlight additional factors that might influence restoration predictability and add support to the importance of continuous monitoring and active management beyond one-time seed addition for successful grassland restoration in the United States.
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Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ladouceur, Emma","contributorId":270938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ladouceur","given":"Emma","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56222,"text":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Biodiversity Synthesis & Physiological Diversity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brudvig, Lars A.","contributorId":335644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brudvig","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":80453,"text":"Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laughlin, Daniel C.","contributorId":200543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laughlin","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":898928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Curran, Michael F.","contributorId":261573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curran","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":52887,"text":"Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY, USA 82071","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davies, Kirk W.","contributorId":255108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davies","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":51433,"text":"Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Burns, OR 97720 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Svejcar, Lauren N.","contributorId":127492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Svejcar","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6973,"text":"USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range and Jornada Basin LTER, Las Cruces, NM; New Mexico State University, Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Las Cruces, NM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shackelford, Nancy","contributorId":261567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shackelford","given":"Nancy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52880,"text":"Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1900 Pleasant St, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70249582,"text":"70249582 - 2023 - Move it or lose it: Predicted effects of culverts and population density on Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) connectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T13:20:32.889322","indexId":"70249582","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-28T06:44:34","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Move it or lose it: Predicted effects of culverts and population density on Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) connectivity","title":"Move it or lose it: Predicted effects of culverts and population density on Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) connectivity","docAbstract":"Roadways and railways can reduce wildlife movements across landscapes, negatively impacting population connectivity. Connectivity may be improved by structures that allow safe passage across linear barriers, but connectivity could be adversely influenced by low population densities. The Mojave desert tortoise is threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation, and population declines. The tortoise continues to decline as disturbance increases across the Mojave Desert in the southwestern United States. While underground crossing structures, like hydrological culverts, have begun receiving attention, population density has not been considered in tortoise connectivity. Our work asks a novel question: How do culverts and population density affect connectivity and potentially drive genetic and demographic patterns? To explore the role of culverts and population density, we used agent-based spatially explicit forward-in-time simulations of gene flow. We constructed resistance surfaces with a range of barriers to movement and representative of tortoise habitat with anthropogenic disturbance. We predicted connectivity under variable population densities. Simulations were run for 200 non-overlapping generations (3400 years) with 30 replicates using 20 microsatellite loci. We evaluated population genetic structure and diversity and found that culverts would not entirely negate the effects of linear barriers, but gene flow improved. Our results also indicated that density is important for connectivity. Low densities resulted in declines regardless of the landscape barrier scenario (> 75% population census size, > 97% effective population size). Results from our simulation using current anthropogenic disturbance predicted decreased population connectivity over time. Genetic and demographic effects were detectable within five generations (85 years) following disturbance with estimated losses in effective population size of 69%. The pronounced declines in effective population size indicate this could be a useful monitoring metric. We suggest management strategies that improve connectivity, such as roadside fencing tied to culverts, conservation areas in a connected network, and development restricted to disturbed areas.
The Equus Beds aquifer and Cheney Reservoir are primary sources for the city of Wichita’s current (2023) water supply. The Equus Beds aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) project was developed by the city of Wichita in the early 1990s to meet future water demands using the Little Arkansas River as an artificial aquifer recharge water source during above-base-flow conditions. Little Arkansas River water is removed from the river at an ASR Facility intake structure, treated using National Primary Drinking Water Regulations as a guideline, and is infiltrated into the Equus Beds aquifer through recharge basins or injected into the aquifer through recharge wells for later use. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Wichita, completed this study to quantify and characterize Little Arkansas River water-quality data. Data in this report can be used to evaluate changing conditions, provide science-based information for decision making, and help meet regulatory requirements.
Continuous (hourly) physicochemical properties were measured, and discrete water-quality samples were collected from three Little Arkansas River sites located along the easternmost extent of the Equus Beds aquifer during 1995 through 2021 over a range of streamflow conditions. The Little Arkansas River at Highway 50 near Halstead, Kansas, streamgage (U.S. Geological Survey station 07143672; hereafter referred to as the “Highway 50 site”) is located upstream from the other two sites, and the Little Arkansas River near Sedgwick, Kans., streamgage (U.S. Geological Survey station 07144100; hereafter referred to as the “Sedgwick site”) is located downstream from the other two sites; these two sites bracket most of the easternmost part of the Equus Beds aquifer. The Little Arkansas River upstream of ASR Facility near Sedgwick, Kans., streamgage (U.S. Geological Survey station 375350097262800; hereafter referred to as the “Upstream ASR site”) is located between the Highway 50 and Sedgwick sites, about 14.7 river miles (mi) downstream from the Highway 50 site, about 1.7 river mi upstream from the Sedgwick site, and immediately upstream from the ASR Facility intake structure. Surrogate models for water-quality constituents of interest (including bromide, dissolved organic carbon, 2-chloro-4-isopropylamino-6-amino-s-triazine [deethylatrazine], atrazine, and metolachlor) were updated or developed using continuously measured and concomitant discrete data. These surrogate models, along with previously developed regression models, were used to compute concentrations (at the Highway 50, Sedgwick, and Upstream ASR sites) and loads (at the Highway 50 and Sedgwick sites) during the study period. Federal criteria were used to evaluate water quality. Where applicable, water-quality data were compared to Federal national drinking-water regulations. Flow-normalized water-quality constituent trends were evaluated using Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) statistical models and water-quality trends were described using WRTDS bootstrap tests.
Continuously computed primary ion concentrations were generally larger at the Highway 50 site compared to the Sedgwick site. During the study period, the Federal secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL) for dissolved solids was exceeded 57 percent of the time at the Highway 50 site and 38 percent of the time at the Sedgwick site. Computed bromide concentrations were larger at the Highway 50 site and exceeded the city of Wichita treatment threshold about 70, 21, and 19 percent of the time at the Highway 50, Sedgwick, and Upstream ASR sites, respectively. Chloride concentrations exceeded the Federal SMCL about 16 percent of the time at the Highway 50 site and did not exceed the SMCL at the Sedgwick site. Continuous arsenic concentrations exceeded the Federal Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) 9 to 15 percent of the time at the Sedgwick and Highway 50 sites, respectively, during the study. Atrazine concentrations exceeded the Federal MCL 10 percent of the time at the Highway 50 and Sedgwick sites and 14 percent of the time at the Upstream ASR site during the study; computed glyphosate concentrations at the Sedgwick site never exceeded the MCL during the study.
Little Arkansas River flow-normalized primary ion concentrations during 1995 through 2021 generally had downward trends and decreases were generally larger at the Highway 50 site compared to the Sedgwick site. Dissolved solids and chloride concentrations decreased at the Highway 50 and Sedgwick sites. Bromide had no trend at the Highway 50 site and a downward trend at the Sedgwick site. Nitrate plus nitrite and total phosphorus concentrations had upward trends at the Highway 50 site but downward trends at the Sedgwick site, whereas total organic carbon had upward trends at both sites. Nitrate plus nitrite, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon fluxes had upward trends at the Highway 50 and Sedgwick sites. Suspended-sediment concentrations had an upward trend at the Highway 50 site and had no trend at the Sedgwick site. Arsenic concentrations had downward trends at the Highway 50 and Sedgwick sites.
About one-quarter to one-half of the Little Arkansas River loads, including nutrients and sediment, were transported during 1 percent of the time during the study. Because streamflows are highly sensitive to climatic variation and an increase of extreme precipitation events in the Great Plains is expected, similar disproportionately large pollutant loading events may increase into the future. Continuous measurement of physicochemical properties in near-real time allowed characterization of Little Arkansas River surface water during conditions and time scales that would not have been possible otherwise and served as a complement to discrete water-quality sampling. Continuation of this water-quality monitoring will provide data to characterize changing conditions in the Little Arkansas River and possibly identify new and changing trends. Information in this report allows the city of Wichita to make informed municipal water-supply decisions using past and present water-quality conditions and trends in the watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Stone, M.L., and Klager, B.J., 2023, Long-term water-quality constituent trends in the Little Arkansas River, south-central Kansas, 1995–2021: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5102, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235102.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 103 p.; 1 Figure; 9 Tables; 5 Appendixes; Dataset","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-146544","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421187,"rank":26,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5102/sir20235102_appendix10.zip","text":"Appendix 10","size":"46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, 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U.S. Geological Survey
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Amphibians are among the most sensitive taxa to climate change, and species inhabiting arid and semiarid landscapes at the extremes of their range are especially vulnerable to drought. The Jack Creek, Oregon, USA, population of Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) faces unique challenges because it occupies the highest elevation site in the species' extant range and one that has been transformed by loss of American beavers (Castor canadensis), which historically maintained open water. We evaluated the effects of drought mitigation (addition of excavated ponds) on relationships between local and regional water availability, inactive legacy beaver dams, and Oregon spotted frog population dynamics in the Jack Creek system. We conducted egg mass surveys and capture-mark-recapture sampling at a treatment reach with excavated ponds and 3 reference reaches over 13 years; surveys spanned a period before and after pond excavation at the treatment and 1 primary comparison reference reach. We analyzed data using a combination of robust design capture-mark-recapture estimators and generalized linear mixed models to characterize population dynamics. Adult Oregon spotted frog survival was approximately 19.5% higher at the treatment reach than the primary reference reach during the study period. Annual survival was most strongly associated with late summer vegetation greenness, a proxy for water availability, and males had higher survival than females. Among the 4 study reaches, the treatment reach consistently had higher late summer vegetation greenness, and the hydrology functioned more independently of regional precipitation patterns relative to the reference reaches; however, these dynamics were not linked to pond excavation. Breeding was concentrated in 2 legacy beaver ponds that were deepened by excavation during the study compared to an unexcavated beaver pond, 2 excavated ponds without legacy beaver dams, and 9 reference ponds. These results point to the benefit of enhancing existing beaver structures and indicate that management actions aimed at maintaining surface water for breeding in spring and saturated soils and ponded water for adults in late summer would benefit this unique population of Oregon spotted frogs in the face of drought.
Humans have shot raptors for centuries. However, in many countries these actions have been illegal since the mid-twentieth century. Despite this history, there is not a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of this activity, its frequency, and why it occurs. We used literature review and principles drawn from ecology, sociology, and criminology to understand this problem. First, we review literature on raptor shooting globally to explore documented motivations for shooting and we describe the history of raptor shooting in the United States of America (USA). Then, to illustrate the contemporary frequency and geographic breadth of the shooting of raptors, we systematically compile records from scientific and media reports from across the USA. Finally, we outline a transdisciplinary framework to meet the challenge of understanding and managing illegal shooting of raptors. Our framework encompasses six best practices: (1) understand the biology of the problem, (2) build professional networks and partnerships, (3) leverage engagement and public support, (4) apply insights from study of human-wildlife interactions, (5) draw lessons from criminology, and (6) use implementation science to evaluate outcomes. We illustrate application of these best practices with a case study from an Illegal Shooting Working Group recently formed in Boise, Idaho, USA. There is growing recognition that illegal shooting of raptors is a pressing conservation challenge. Solving this challenge can be facilitated by inclusion of information from multiple fields of study; the approach we outline provides one potential mechanism to address this issue.
Shallow, tropical coral reefs face compounding threats from habitat degradation due to coastal development and pollution, impacts from storms and sea-level rise, and pulse disturbances like blast fishing, mining, dredging, and ship groundings that reduce coral reefs’ height and variability. One approach toward restoring coral reef structure from these threats is deploying built structures. Built structures range from engineered modules and repurposed materials to underwater sculptures and intentionally placed natural rocks. Restoration practitioners and coastal managers increasingly consider incorporating built structures, including nature-based solutions, into coral reef-related applications. Yet, synthesized evidence on the ecological and physical performance of built structure interventions across a variety of contexts (e.g., restoration, coastal protection, mitigation, tourism) is not readily available to guide decisions. To help inform management decisions, here we aim to document the global evidence base on the ecological and physical performance of built structures in shallow (≤ 30 m) tropical (35° N to 35° S latitude) coral ecosystems. The collated evidence base on use cases and associated ecological and physical outcomes of built structure interventions can help inform future consideration of built structures in reef restoration design, siting, and implementation.
To discover evidence on the performance of built structures in coral reef-related applications, such as restoration, mitigation, and coastal protection, primary literature will be searched across indexing platforms, bibliographic databases, open discovery citation indexes, a web-based search engine, a novel literature discovery tool, and organizational websites. The geographic scope of the search is global, and there is no limitation to temporal scope. Primary literature will be screened first at the level of title and abstract and then at the full text level against defined eligibility criteria for the population, intervention, study type, and outcomes of interest. Metadata will be extracted from studies that pass both screening levels. The resulting data will be analyzed to determine the distribution and abundance of evidence. Results will be made publicly available and reported in a systematic map that includes a narrative description, identifies evidence clusters and gaps, and outlines future research directions on the use of built structures in coral reef-related applications.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1186/s13750-023-00313-2","usgsCitation":"Paxton, A., Swannack, T., Piercy, C., Altman, S., Poussard, L., Puckett, B., Storlazzi, C.D., and Viehman, T., 2023, What evidence exists on the ecological and physical effects of built structures in shallow, tropical coral reefs? A systematic map protocol: Environmental Evidence, v. 12, 19, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-023-00313-2.","productDescription":"19, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151595","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-023-00313-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Avery 0000-0002-4871-9167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4871-9167","contributorId":331325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paxton","given":"Avery","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swannack, Tom","contributorId":331326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swannack","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":12537,"text":"USACE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piercy, Candice","contributorId":331327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piercy","given":"Candice","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12537,"text":"USACE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Altman, Safra","contributorId":331328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Altman","given":"Safra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12537,"text":"USACE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poussard, Leanne","contributorId":331346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poussard","given":"Leanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Puckett, Brandon 0000-0001-9615-6242","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9615-6242","contributorId":331329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puckett","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":213610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Viehman, T. Shay 0000-0001-8505-665X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-665X","contributorId":331330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viehman","given":"T. Shay","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70250012,"text":"70250012 - 2023 - Stocking fish in inland waters: Opportunities and risks for sustainable food systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T12:43:11.951223","indexId":"70250012","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-15T06:41:52","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stocking fish in inland waters: Opportunities and risks for sustainable food systems","docAbstract":"Stocking is one of the foremost tools in the inland fisheries management toolbox, but it comes with both opportunities and risks. Stocking is often used as compensation for depleted wild populations, particularly where recruitment processes have been disrupted, but it can introduce disease, disrupt community structures, reduce genetic integrity, and cause conflicts between fishery stakeholders. Despite its widespread use, examples of effective stocking for food fisheries in inland waters are sparse in the peer-reviewed literature. Nevertheless, it is well established that stocking is frequently used to maintain fish yield, so there is a need to conduct the practice in a robust manner that minimises the potential risks. This paper serves as the front matter for a special section of Fisheries Management and Ecology focused on fresh waters feeding the world, which resulted from two panel sessions, one focused on aquaculture and one focused on stocking, hosted by the international InFish research network (https://infish.org/). The paper highlights current practices of fish stock enhancement in inland waters for food, examines potential synergies and interactions of stock enhancement programmes with aquaculture, and provides an outline framework for responsible management of fish stock enhancement.
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing public health concern for humans, animals, and the environment. However, the contributions of spatially distributed sources of AMR in the environment are not well defined.
Methods: To identify the sources of environmental AMR, the novel microbial Find, Inform, and Test (FIT) model was applied to a panel of five antibiotic resistance-associated genes (ARGs), namely, erm(B), tet(W), qnrA, sul1, and intI1, quantified from riverbed sediment and surface water from a mixed-use region.
Results: A one standard deviation increase in the modeled contributions of elevated AMR from bovine sources or land-applied waste sources [land application of biosolids, sludge, and industrial wastewater (i.e., food processing) and domestic (i.e., municipal and septage)] was associated with 34–80% and 33–77% increases in the relative abundances of the ARGs in riverbed sediment and surface water, respectively. Sources influenced environmental AMR at overland distances of up to 13 km.
Discussion: Our study corroborates previous evidence of offsite migration of microbial pollution from bovine sources and newly suggests offsite migration from land-applied waste. With FIT, we estimated the distance-based influence range overland and downstream around sources to model the impact these sources may have on AMR at unsampled sites. This modeling supports targeted monitoring of AMR from sources for future exposure and risk mitigation efforts.
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