The Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus was once of great commercial importance in many coastal rivers of the eastern USA. Over the 19th and 20th centuries, most historical stocks of Atlantic sturgeon were depleted by human activities. Estimating recruitment for the remaining populations is challenging due to sampling constraints, limited age data, and natural variability. However, recruitment estimates could inform recovery efforts. The objectives of this study were to compare 2 modeling approaches to estimate recruitment of age-1 Atlantic sturgeon and provide an updated index of abundance across more than a decade of sampling in the Altamaha River, Georgia. First, we constructed capture histories of river-resident juveniles, using capture-mark-recapture data collected from 2008 to 2020, and assigned ages based on length-frequency analysis. Second, we compared more traditional Huggins closed population models and a recent nonlinear extension of Huggins models—vector generalized additive models (VGAMs)—to estimate abundance of age-1 fish. Both model types indicated similar yearly age-1 abundance estimates (Huggins: 163 in 2017 to 3839 in 2010; VGAM: 312 in 2020 to 4448 in 2010), but the VGAMs provided more direct interpretation for factors that might affect capture probability (e.g. sampling effort, temperature, fish length). This study indicates that the age-1 Altamaha River Atlantic sturgeon population has remained relatively stable over the past decade and provides a long-term baseline which will better enable managers to assess the effects of either future restoration actions or environmental disturbances on the population.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/esr01250","usgsCitation":"Baker, M., Ingram, E., Higginbotham, D., Irwin, B., and Fox, A., 2023, Refining capture-recapture recruitment estimation methods for Atlantic sturgeon: Endangered Species Research, v. 51, p. 203-214, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01250.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"214","ipdsId":"IP-143737","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432972,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":442856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01250","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Altamaha River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.48760060177855,\n 31.490539509150565\n ],\n [\n -81.48760060177855,\n 31.14793158914553\n ],\n [\n -81.23488559221977,\n 31.14793158914553\n ],\n [\n -81.23488559221977,\n 31.490539509150565\n ],\n [\n -81.48760060177855,\n 31.490539509150565\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, M.A.","contributorId":340977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingram, E.C.","contributorId":340978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ingram","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36488,"text":"Stony Brook University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higginbotham, D.L.","contributorId":340979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higginbotham","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irwin, Brian J. 0000-0002-0666-2641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-2641","contributorId":280043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fox, A.G.","contributorId":340980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70256426,"text":"70256426 - 2023 - The Factors Affecting Female Black Bear Harvest Rates in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-09T15:01:45.550938","indexId":"70256426","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-05T09:55:01","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5373,"text":"Cooperator Science Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"FWS/CSS-150-2023","title":"The Factors Affecting Female Black Bear Harvest Rates in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Pennsylvania’s black bear (Ursus americanus) population increased in abundance and distribution during the latter third of the 20th century, leading to an increase in human-bear conflicts. Increases in harvest opportunities from 2002–2018 aimed to stabilize black bear population growth but did not substantially increase harvest, and annual harvest was often below the desired goal of 20% removal. Consequently, additional changes to Pennsylvania’s black bear hunting seasons occurred from 2019–2021, including starting harvest earlier, expanding the length of seasons, and adding additional seasons (i.e., a muzzleloader and special rifle season). Understanding how earlier harvest seasons and new methods of take (i.e., muzzleloader) influence female black bear harvest vulnerability is important to informing harvest management. We trapped and GPS-collared adult female bears in the Sproul State Forest in northcentral Pennsylvania from 2019–2021 to determine home range sizes, patterns of resource selection, and sources of mortality during fall harvest seasons. We assessed annual variability in relative abundance of fall hard mast. We evaluated temporal and spatial variation in hunter activity with road-side surveys and remote camera traps, respectively. We estimated fall and weekly home range size with utilization distributions through an autocorrelated kernel density estimation and evaluated the influence of predictors hypothesized to influence third-order resource selection using generalized linear mixed models. We investigated factors hypothesized to influence female black bear survival during hunting seasons with known-fate models. Mean fall home range size was 248.7 km2 (range = 6.1–2636.1 km2). Home range sizes varied by year and were generally smaller during archery harvest season than other periods. Patterns of weekly resource selection indicated bears selected steeper slopes and higher elevations outside of harvest seasons but shifted to less-steep areas in the week before harvest and the first week of harvest, and to lower elevations during harvest. Bears selected for areas containing oak (Quercus spp.) trees throughout the fall. Survival was lower in older age bears, greater relative mast abundance conditions, steeper slopes, and areas of greater hunter space use during the general firearms season. Survival was higher in areas of greater hunter space use during archery season. Harvest rate of adult female bears was 0.345 in 2019, 0.321 in 2020, and 0.150 in 2021, and averaged 0.272 across all three years. The probability of an adult female black bear surviving all harvest seasons each year was 0.611 (SE = 0.086, 95% CI = 0.436, 0.761). The high harvest rate and low predicted survival may lead to population reduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Snavely, B.M., and Lonsinger, R.C., 2023, The Factors Affecting Female Black Bear Harvest Rates in Pennsylvania: Cooperator Science Series FWS/CSS-150-2023, ii, 11 p.","productDescription":"ii, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154378","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/media/factors-affecting-female-black-bear-harvest-rates-pennsylvania"},{"id":433618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snavely, Brandon M.","contributorId":340528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snavely","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lonsinger, Robert Charles 0000-0002-1040-7299","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1040-7299","contributorId":340524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonsinger","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70246695,"text":"70246695 - 2023 - Evolution of a minimal cell","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-08T14:26:06.118893","indexId":"70246695","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-05T07:35:01","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of a minimal cell","docAbstract":"Possessing only essential genes, a minimal cell can reveal mechanisms and processes that are critical for the persistence and stability of life1,2. Here we report on how an engineered minimal cell3,4 contends with the forces of evolution compared with the Mycoplasma mycoides non-minimal cell from which it was synthetically derived. Mutation rates were the highest among all reported bacteria, but were not affected by genome minimization. Genome streamlining was costly, leading to a decrease in fitness of greater than 50%, but this deficit was regained during 2,000 generations of evolution. Despite selection acting on distinct genetic targets, increases in the maximum growth rate of the synthetic cells were comparable. Moreover, when performance was assessed by relative fitness, the minimal cell evolved 39% faster than the non-minimal cell. The only apparent constraint involved the evolution of cell size. The size of the non-minimal cell increased by 80%, whereas the minimal cell remained the same. This pattern reflected epistatic effects of mutations in ftsZ, which encodes a tubulin-homologue protein that regulates cell division and morphology5,6. Our findings demonstrate that natural selection can rapidly increase the fitness of one of the simplest autonomously growing organisms. Understanding how species with small genomes overcome evolutionary challenges provides critical insights into the persistence of host-associated endosymbionts, the stability of streamlined chassis for biotechnology and the targeted refinement of synthetically engineered cells2,7,8,9.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is believed to have a zoonotic origin with bats suspected as a natural host. In this work, we individually express the ACE2 of seven bat species including, little brown, great roundleaf, Pearson's horseshoe, greater horseshoe, Brazilian free-tailed, Egyptian rousette, and Chinese rufous horseshoe in DF1 cells and determine their ability to support attachment and replication of SARS-CoV-2 viruses. We demonstrate that the ACE2 receptor of all seven species made DF1 cells permissible to SARS-CoV-2. The level of virus replication differed between bat species and variants tested. The Wuhan lineage SARS-CoV-2 virus replicated to higher titers than either variant virus tested. All viruses tested grew to higher titers in cells expressing the human ACE2 gene compared to a bat ACE2. This study provides a practical in vitromethod for further testing of animal species for potential susceptibility to current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 viruses.
Streamflow-duration assessment methods (SDAMs) are rapid, indicator-based tools for classifying streamflow duration (e.g., intermittent vs perennial flow) at the reach scale. Indicators are easily assessed stream properties used as surrogates of flow duration, which is too resource intensive to measure directly for many reaches. Invertebrates are commonly used as SDAM indicators because many are not highly mobile, and different species have life stages that require flow for different durations and times of the year. The objectives of this study were to 1) identify invertebrate taxa that can be used as SDAM indicators to distinguish between stream reaches having intermittent and perennial flow, 2) to compare indicator strength across different taxonomic and numeric resolutions, and 3) to assess the relative importance of season and habitat type on the ability of invertebrates to predict streamflow-duration class. We used 2 methods, random forest models and indicator species analysis, to analyze aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate data (presence/absence, density, and biomass) at the family and genus levels from 370 samples collected from both erosional and depositional habitats during both wet and dry seasons. In total, 36 intermittent and 53 perennial reaches were sampled along 31 forested headwater streams in 4 level II ecoregions across the United States. Random forest models for family- and genus-level datasets had stream classification accuracy ranging from 88.9 to 93.2%, with slightly higher accuracy for density than for presence/absence and biomass datasets. Season (wet/dry) tended to be a stronger predictor of streamflow-duration class than habitat (erosional/depositional). Many taxa at the family (58.8%) and genus level (61.6%) were collected from both intermittent and perennial reaches, and most taxa that were exclusive to 1 streamflow-duration class were rarely collected. However, 23 family-level or higher taxa (20 aquatic and 3 terrestrial) and 44 aquatic genera were identified as potential indicators of streamflow-duration class for forested headwater streams. The utility of the potential indicators varied across level II ecoregions in part because of representation of intermittent and perennial reaches in the dataset but also because of variable ecological responses to drying among species. Aquatic invertebrates have been an important field indicator of perennial reaches in existing SDAMs, but our findings highlight how including aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates as indicators of intermittent reaches can further maximize the data collected for streamflow-duration classifications.
Forested landscapes in the Western United States are subject to growing size and severity of wildfires, in part due to historical management strategies focusing on wildfire suppression. Forest restoration treatments and fuels reductions, including thinning and prescribed burning, can reduce the frequency and intensity of wildfires. Extensive restoration and fuels treatment efforts are underway across many areas in the Southwestern United States, including New Mexico. The tradeoff between amenity values provided by forested landscapes and the wildfire risk associated with forested landscapes is becoming increasingly important to understand as development in the wildland-urban interface increases. Understanding how house proximity, relative to forest restoration or fuels treatments, is capitalized into home sale prices can provide useful information about how individuals value forested landscapes that have been altered to reduce wildfire risk or severity. We use a Hedonic Property Model to estimate the average treatment effect of proximity to forest restoration or fuel treatments in New Mexico, United States. We use matching methods to estimate the average treatment effect of proximity to forest restoration. We find that proximity to the forest has a positive amenity value; however, proximity to recent forest restoration or fuel treatments results in a decrease in house sale prices. We combine the results of our two models and calculate that homes not within one kilometer of a treated forest and within one kilometer of Cibola National Forest sell for an average $73,626 premium. The average premium drops to $22,996 for homes within one kilometer of a forest that has been recently treated and within one kilometer of Cibola National Forest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104838","usgsCitation":"Fitch, R.A., Mueller, J.M., Meldrum, J., and Huber, C., 2023, Estimating proximity effects to wildfire fuels treatments on house prices in Cibola National Forest, New Mexico, USA: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 238, 104838, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104838.","productDescription":"104838, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-143350","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104838","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":418740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Cibola National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.57936451046446,\n 35.35726965713178\n ],\n [\n -106.57936451046446,\n 34.84741122784986\n ],\n [\n -106.11539121622326,\n 34.84741122784986\n ],\n [\n -106.11539121622326,\n 35.35726965713178\n ],\n [\n -106.57936451046446,\n 35.35726965713178\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"238","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitch, Ryan A.","contributorId":316216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitch","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, Julie M.","contributorId":219795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meldrum, James R. 0000-0001-5250-3759 jmeldrum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-3759","contributorId":195484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meldrum","given":"James","email":"jmeldrum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huber, Christopher 0000-0001-8446-8134 chuber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8446-8134","contributorId":127600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"Christopher","email":"chuber@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70247089,"text":"70247089 - 2023 - Global assessment of marine plastic exposure for oceanic birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-24T15:42:22.383817","indexId":"70247089","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-04T10:10:43","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global assessment of marine plastic exposure for oceanic birds","docAbstract":"Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world’s oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-38900-z","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.L., Carneiro, A.P., Pearmin, E.J., Rouyer, M., Clay, T.A., Cowger, W., Phillips, R.A., Manica, A., Hazin, C., Eriksen, M., Gonzalez-Solis, J., Adams, J., Albores-Barajas, Y.V., Alfaro-Shigueto, J., Alho, M.S., Araujo, D.T., Arcos, J.M., Arnould, J., Barbosa, N.J., Barbraud, C., Beard, A.M., Beck, J., Bell, E., Bennet, D.G., Berlincourt, M., Biscoito, M., Bjornstad, O.K., Bolton, M., Booth Jones, K.A., Borg, J.J., Bourgeois, K., Bretagnolle, V., Bried, J., Briskie, J.V., de L. Brooke, M., Brownlie, K.C., Bugoni, L., Calabrese, L., Campioni, L., Carey, M.J., Carle, R., Carlile, N., Carreiro, A.R., Catry, P., Catry, T., Cecere, J.G., Ceia, F.R., Cherel, Y., Choi, C., Cianchetti-Benedetti, M., Clarke, R.H., Cleeland, J., Colodro, V., Congdon, B.C., Danielsen, J., De Pascalis, F., Deakin, Z., Dehnhard, N., Dell’Omo, G., Delord, K., Descamps, S., Dilley, B.J., Dinis, H.A., Dubos, J., Dunphy, B.J., Emmerson, L.M., Fagundes, A.I., Fayet, A.L., Felis, J.J., Fischer, J.H., Freeman, A., Fromant, A., Gaibani, G., Garcia, D., Gjerdrum, C., Gomes, I.S., Forero, M.G., Granadeiro, J.P., Grecian, W.J., Gremillet, D., Guilford, T., Hallgrimsson, G.T., Halpin, L.R., Hansen, E.S., Hedd, A., Helberg, M., Helgason, H.H., Henry, L.M., Hereward, H.F., Hernandez-Montero, M., Hindell, M.A., Hodum, P., Imperio, S., Jaeger, A., Jessopp, M., Jodice, P.G., Jones, C.G., Jones, C.W., Jonsson, J.E., Kane, A., Kapelj, S., Kim, Y., Kirk, H., Kolbeinsson, Y., Kraemer, P.L., Kruger, L., Lago, P., Landers, T., Lavers, J.L., Le Corre, M., Leal, A., Louzao, M., Madeiros, J., Magalhaes, M., Mallory, M.L., Masello, J., Massa, B., Matsumoto, S., McDuie, F., McFarlane Tranquilla, L., Medrano, F., Metzger, B.J., Militao, T., Montevecchi, W.A., Montone, R.C., Navarro-Herrero, L., Neves, V.C., Nicholls, D.G., Nicoll, M.A., Norris, K., Oppel, S., Oro, D., Owen, E., Padget, O., Paiva, V.H., Pala, D., Pereira, J.M., Peron, C., Petry, M.V., de Pina, A., Moreira Pina, A.T., Pinet, P., Pistorius, P.A., Pollet, I.L., Porter, B.J., Poupart, T.A., Powell, C.D., Proano, C.B., Pujol-Casado, J., Quillfeldt, P., Quinn, J.L., Raine, A.F., Raine, H., Ramírez, I., Ramos, J.A., Ramos, R., Ravache, A., Rayner, M.J., Reid, T.A., Robertson, G.J., Rocamora, G.J., Rollinson, D.P., Ronconi, R.A., Rotger, A., Rubolini, D., Ruhomaun, K., Ruiz, A., Russell, J.C., Ryan, P.G., Saldanha, S., Sanz-Aguilar, A., Sarda-Serra, M., Satge, Y.G., Sato, K., Schafer, W.C., Schoombie, S., Shaffer, S.A., Shah, N.J., Shoji, A., Shutler, D., Sigurdsson, I.A., Silva, M.C., Small, A.E., Soldatini, C., Strom, H., Surman, C.A., Takahashi, A., Tatayah, V.R., Taylor, G.A., Thomas, R.J., Thompson, D.R., Thompson, P.M., Thorarinsson, T.L., Vicente-Sastre, D., Vidal, E., Wakefield, E.D., Waugh, S.M., Weimerskirch, H., Wittmer, H.U., Yamamoto, T., Yoda, K., Zavalaga, C.B., Zino, F.J., and Dias, M.P., 2023, Global assessment of marine plastic exposure for oceanic birds: Nature Communications, v. 14, 3665, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38900-z.","productDescription":"3665, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132806","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38900-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":419253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5803-7744","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5803-7744","contributorId":317087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Bethany","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37309,"text":"BirdLife International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":878596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carneiro, Ana P. B. 0000-0003-0573-7549","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0573-7549","contributorId":317088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carneiro","given":"Ana","email":"","middleInitial":"P. 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J.","contributorId":317216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zino","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":56745,"text":"Freira Conservation Project","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":878798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":203},{"text":"Dias, Maria P. 0000-0002-7281-4391","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7281-4391","contributorId":255182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dias","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":51458,"text":"MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":878799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":204}]}} ,{"id":70246550,"text":"70246550 - 2023 - Seasonal habitat utilization provides evidence for site fidelity during both spawn and non-spawning seasons in Lake Ontario cisco Coregonus artedi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-11T15:31:15.226271","indexId":"70246550","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-04T09:33:52","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Seasonal habitat utilization provides evidence for site fidelity during both spawn and non-spawning seasons in Lake Ontario cisco Coregonus artedi","title":"Seasonal habitat utilization provides evidence for site fidelity during both spawn and non-spawning seasons in Lake Ontario cisco Coregonus artedi","docAbstract":"The Lake Ontario cisco Coregonus artedi population declined in the 20th century, and restoration of this species is a management objective. Management tools to restore cisco are limited because little is known about cisco spawning behavior and habitat use. We tagged 76 cisco from a remnant population in Chaumont Bay, Lake Ontario with acoustic transmitters and characterized seasonal habitat use from 2016 to 2021. We also used fine-scale acoustic telemetry, coregonine egg collections, and trap net catches to better understand cisco spawning behaviors related to spawn timing and site selection. Network analysis and Bayesian standard ellipse area indicated that cisco utilization of lake regions and bathythermal niche space varied by season. During spawning season, male cisco concentrated in Chaumont Bay over shallow (∼3 m) rocky shoals where cisco egg deposition was the greatest. Spawning site fidelity to Chaumont Bay was observed for all male cisco surviving to successive years (n = 23). Acoustic-tagged females did not survive consecutive spawning seasons, but trap net catches indicated females were less abundant and occupied spawning areas for less time than males. Post spawn, some individual male cisco (n = 5/23) had differential, yet consistent, annual migrations to separate regions of Lake Ontario, suggesting fidelity to feeding sites. Our results reveal seasonal habitats used by male cisco and, importantly, caution that environmental changes to a single spawning site could negatively affect the remnant Chaumont Bay cisco population. Specialized conservation efforts may be necessary when cisco spawning aggregations have diverse post-spawn migratory behaviors but a central spawning ground.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2023.06.008","usgsCitation":"Gatch, A.J., Gorsky, D., Weidel, B., Biesinger, Z.F., Connerton, M., Davis, C., Lachance, H., and O’Malley, B., 2023, Seasonal habitat utilization provides evidence for site fidelity during both spawn and non-spawning seasons in Lake Ontario cisco Coregonus artedi: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 49, no. 5, p. 1045-1058, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2023.06.008.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1045","endPage":"1058","ipdsId":"IP-149932","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418798,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chaumont Bay, Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.29618418439632,\n 44.08512711790081\n ],\n [\n -76.29618418439632,\n 43.976646267267284\n ],\n [\n -76.1045197560573,\n 43.976646267267284\n ],\n [\n -76.1045197560573,\n 44.08512711790081\n ],\n [\n -76.29618418439632,\n 44.08512711790081\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gatch, Alexander J. 0000-0003-4429-1121","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-1121","contributorId":302188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gatch","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorsky, Dimitry","contributorId":251650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorsky","given":"Dimitry","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biesinger, Zy F. 0000-0002-4282-6527","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-6527","contributorId":302191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biesinger","given":"Zy","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Connerton, Michael J.","contributorId":25495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connerton","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, Cameron","contributorId":316227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Cameron","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lachance, Hannah","contributorId":289655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lachance","given":"Hannah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"O’Malley, Brian 0000-0001-5035-3080 bomalley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-3080","contributorId":216560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Malley","given":"Brian","email":"bomalley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70248774,"text":"70248774 - 2023 - Structure of breeding calls in three closely related bird species (Calidris Merrem, 1804; Scolopacidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-11T16:02:52.017572","indexId":"70248774","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-04T07:21:11","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of breeding calls in three closely related bird species (Calidris Merrem, 1804; Scolopacidae)","docAbstract":"Riparian systems across the Southwest United States are extremely valuable for the human and ecological communities that engage with them. However, they have experienced substantial changes and stresses over the past century, including non-native vegetation expansion, vegetation die-offs, and increased fire activity. Vegetation management approaches, such as ecological restoration, may address some of these stressors as well as reduce the risk of future impacts. We apply remote sensing to inform restoration priorities along the upper Gila River within the San Carlos Apache Reservation and Upper Gila River watershed. First, we develop a spatially and temporally explicit trend analysis across three observed climate periods (1985–1993, 1993–2014, 2014–2021) using the Landsat-derived indices to quantify changes in riparian vegetation conditions. These maps can be used to identify areas potentially more at risk for degradation. Second, we analyze changes in riparian vegetation within a climate framework to better understand trends and the potential effect of climate change. Vegetation greenness has largely increased throughout the watershed despite intensifying drought conditions across our study period, though areas within the lower watershed have shown increased stress and higher rates of wildfire and other disturbances over the past 5-years. Nevertheless, small-scale restoration activities appear to show improving vegetation conditions, suggesting efficacy of these restoration activities. Results from this study may be integrated with restoration objectives to develop a restoration plan that will help riparian vegetation communities adapt to change.
Measuring suspended sediment in fluvial systems is critical to understanding and managing water resources. Sampling suspended sediment has been the primary means of understanding fluvial suspended sediment. Specialized samplers, sampling methods, and laboratory methods developed by select U.S. Federal Agencies are more representative of river and stream conditions than commonly used grab sampling and total suspended solids (TSS) laboratory methods but are not widely used because they are expensive, time consuming, and not required as part of water quality standards in the United States. A new suspended-sediment sampling method called a depth-integrated grab (DIG) was developed by combining certain elements from both grab and depth-integrating sampling methods and suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) laboratory methods. The goal of the DIG method was to provide more accurate results than Grab-TSS while being easier and cheaper to sample than specialized samplers and methods. Approximately 50 paired comparison samples were collected at 9 sites in Minnesota from 2018 through 2019. Results showed no significant difference between the DIG and specialized sampling methods and a significant difference between both methods and the Grab-TSS method. The DIG-SSC provided an improved alternative to the Grab-TSS method, but additional research and testing is important to evaluate if this method is appropriate in different conditions than were observed in this study.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","collaboration":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Zinsser, L.M., 2023, Frequently asked questions about water quality in the Coeur d’Alene Basin area, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-153791","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":419035,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://semspub.epa.gov/work/10/100481449.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d’Alene Basin area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.44259350282184,\n 47.87775485355198\n ],\n [\n -117.44259350282184,\n 45.62087700106781\n ],\n [\n -114.14810857329657,\n 45.62087700106781\n ],\n [\n -114.14810857329657,\n 47.87775485355198\n ],\n [\n -117.44259350282184,\n 47.87775485355198\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zinsser, Lauren M. 0000-0002-8582-066X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8582-066X","contributorId":205756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zinsser","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":878132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70251911,"text":"70251911 - 2023 - Validation of a species-specific probe-based qPCR assay for the threatened meltwater stonefly, Lednia tumana, in environmental samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-06T12:54:42.133714","indexId":"70251911","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-03T06:53:34","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of a species-specific probe-based qPCR assay for the threatened meltwater stonefly, Lednia tumana, in environmental samples","docAbstract":"A probe-based quantitative real-time PCR assay was developed to detect meltwater stonefly (Lednia tumana) environmental (e)DNA in water samples. The limits of detection and quantification, respectively, were 12.1 and 58.4 gene copies for calibration standards and these values were similarly low in a relevant environmental sample matrix (8.6 and 174.2, respectively). The assay’s utility was demonstrated in situ on water samples with concomitant manual invertebrate surveys from a wide range of alpine streams across L. tumana’s native range.
The stable isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonates is central to many studies of past climate and topography, providing a basis for our understanding of Earth's terrestrial history. A core assumption of many applications of oxygen isotope values (δ18O) of pedogenic carbonate is that they reflect the δ18O value of precipitation (rain/snow). This assumption is violated if soil carbonates form in evaporated soil waters. In this work, we develop a means to identify evaporation in ancient soils using the triple oxygen isotope composition (16O-17O-18O) of pedogenic carbonates. Both theoretical predictions of isotope kinetics during evaporation and studies of triple oxygen isotopes in other geological materials show that the deviation in the relationship between δ17O and δ18O from a reference line, evaluated using the parameter Δ'17O, is sensitive to evaporation. As a first step in developing the use of Δ'17O in ancient pedogenic carbonates, we report Δ'17O values from 47 near-modern pedogenic carbonate samples from globally distributed environments that vary in aridity (hyper-arid to humid). The Δ'17O values of pedogenic carbonate range from -154 to -60 per meg (as CaCO3, measured via O2, VSMOW-SLAP), corresponding to calculated soil water values of -66 to +27 per meg (VSMOW-SLAP) (using a carbonate-water triple oxygen isotope fractionation exponent of 0.5250 and clumped isotope-derived carbonate growth temperatures). The Δ'17O values indicate that evaporative modification of soil water from which pedogenic carbonate forms is common, especially in arid environments. Arid environments host pedogenic carbonates formed from soil waters ranging from highly to minimally evaporated, while humid environments host pedogenic carbonates formed from waters that are only minimally evaporated. The variability in Δ'17O within environments classified by the same aridity may relate to the fact that pedogenic carbonates record soil conditions only during times of carbonate mineralization, which may deviate from annual conditions. Thus, Δ'17O may be useful in understanding the specific circumstances of pedogenic carbonate formation but may not provide incontrovertible evidence of the magnitude of environmental aridity. Evaporative modification of δ18O values of pedogenic carbonates can be detected with Δ'17O, thereby improving estimates of δ18O of unevaporated waters. Our data show that evaporation must be (re)considered for all paleoclimate inferences based on the δ18O of pedogenic carbonate. The addition of Δ'17O will re-energize paleoclimate studies that use (or have avoided using) δ18O of pedogenic carbonate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2023.06.034","usgsCitation":"Kelson, J., Huth, T., Passey, B.H., Levin, N.E., Petersen, S.V., Ballato, P., Beverly, E.J., Breecker, D.O., Hoke, G.D., Hudson, A.M., Haoyuan, J., Licht, A., and Quade, J., 2023, Triple oxygen isotope compositions of globally distributed soil carbonates record widespread evaporation of soil waters: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 355, p. 138-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2023.06.034.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-148273","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442883,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-04160695","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":418704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"355","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelson, Julia 0000-0002-0588-5018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0588-5018","contributorId":219941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelson","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huth, Tyler E.","contributorId":315599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huth","given":"Tyler E.","affiliations":[{"id":68361,"text":"Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Passey, Benjamin H.","contributorId":315600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Passey","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":68361,"text":"Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Levin, Naomi E.","contributorId":315601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levin","given":"Naomi","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":68361,"text":"Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petersen, Sierra V.","contributorId":201014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"Sierra","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballato, Paolo","contributorId":315602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballato","given":"Paolo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":68362,"text":"Department of Science, Geological Sciences Section, University of Roma Tre","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Beverly, Emily J.","contributorId":315603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beverly","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":68365,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Breecker, Daniel O.","contributorId":215845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breecker","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":39318,"text":"University of Texas-Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hoke, Gregory D.","contributorId":315604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoke","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":68366,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Syracuse University,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hudson, Adam M. 0000-0002-3387-9838 ahudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3387-9838","contributorId":195419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Adam","email":"ahudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Haoyuan, Ji","contributorId":315605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haoyuan","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":68367,"text":"Google LLC, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Licht, Alexis","contributorId":315606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Licht","given":"Alexis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":68368,"text":"Aix-Marseille Université","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":22108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70246741,"text":"70246741 - 2023 - Development of a quantitative PCR assay for detecting northwest salamander (ambystoma gracile) in environmental DNA samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-06T16:30:00.218903","indexId":"70246741","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-03T06:44:47","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Development of a quantitative PCR assay for detecting northwest salamander (ambystoma gracile) in environmental DNA samples","title":"Development of a quantitative PCR assay for detecting northwest salamander (ambystoma gracile) in environmental DNA samples","docAbstract":"We developed a primer and probe based quantitative PCR assay for use with environmental DNA to detect Northwest salamander (Ambystoma gracile), a species endemic to the temperate Pacific coastal region of North America. The assay targets a region in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop gene. Tests of the assay were performed in silico (using the NCBI BLAST tool), in vitro (using DNA extracted from A. gracile and related species) and in situ (water samples collected from a lake with a known population of A. gracile). This assay will be useful in efforts to monitor the distribution and occupancy of this species.
An increasing number of wildfire disasters have occurred in recent years in the United States. Here we demonstrate that cumulative primary human exposure—the population residing within the perimeters of large wildfires—was 594,850 people from 2000 to 2019 across the contiguous United States (CONUS), 82% of which occurred in the western United States. Primary population exposure increased by 125% in the CONUS in the past two decades; it was noted that there were large statistical uncertainties in the trend analysis due to the short study timeline. Population dynamics from 2000 to 2019 alone accounted for 24% of the observed increase rate in human exposure, and an increased wildfire extent drove the majority of the observed trends. In addition, we document the widespread exposure of roads (412,155 km) and transmission powerlines (14,835 km) to large wildfires in the CONUS, with a relative increase of 58% and 70% in the past two decades, respectively. Our results highlight that deliberate mitigation and adaptation efforts to help societies cope with wildfires are ever more needed.
Earthquake risk associated with Quito, Ecuador; Cali, Colombia; and Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic is examined by generating a set of hypothetical earthquake scenarios considering seismic sources, recent seismicity, and major historical earthquakes recorded in the vicinity. In this study, particular focus is given to the development of earthquake scenarios for use in emergency planning in each city as well as stimulating discussion with respect to addressing the gaps in current understanding of built stock inventory and their vulnerability when subjected to strong shaking. Exposure and vulnerability models from the Global Earthquake Model foundation, hazard and local site information available for the cities, and the U.S. Geological Survey near‐real‐time products are utilized to estimate potential consequences for postearthquake response planning. Results showed that the historic city centers remain the most susceptible to experiencing severe damage resulting in widespread casualties. Similarly, the scenarios highlight areas susceptible to shaking induced ground failure hazards, which may pose additional challenges when responding to such earthquakes. Moderate earthquakes originating from nearby seismic sources, for example, Quito fault system for Quito or the Septentrional fault zone in the case of Santiago de Los Caballeros, could potentially be of greater consequence in terms of direct economic impact and disruption to the city when compared to very large distant subduction interface earthquakes.
Bats are important pest control agents in agriculture. Yet, the underlying fine-scale biotic and abiotic mechanisms that drive their foraging behaviors and responses to insect outbreaks are unclear. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) can attract both invertebrate and vertebrate natural enemies that use the chemical plant cues to locate insect prey. The ability of HIPVs to attract multiple species raises the question of whether they may also be a biotic factor influencing insectivorous bat activity. Additionally, abiotic factors, such as weather conditions, can affect bat activity in agricultural settings, but little is known about how bats respond to shifting environmental conditions on short timescales in this landscape context. Using a model crop system, soybean (Glycine max), our study asked three questions: (1) Which bat species are active in eastern Maryland soybean fields? (2) Is insectivorous bat activity affected by naturally occurring soybean HIPVs and/or synthetic soybean HIPVs (indole or farnesene)? (3) How is insectivorous bat activity affected by hourly weather conditions in this landscape? In soybean fields in eastern Maryland, we created paired treatment plots: HIPV plots (damaged plants or synthetic HIPV dispensers) and control plots (undamaged plants or empty dispensers). We measured bat activity using ultrasonic recorders, summarizing hourly and nightly activity, and detected 10 total species. The most abundant species were big brown/silver-haired bats (Eptesicus fuscus/Lasionycteris noctivagans). Bat activity did not significantly differ between control and HIPV plots in any of the three experiments. Thus, our results do not support our expectation that bats in eastern Maryland use soybean HIPVs to locate insect prey. However, bat activity did increase with increasing average hourly temperature and wind speed. This initial study of bats and HIPVs, as well as the fine-scale examination of weather conditions on bat activity, may serve as a guide for future research on bat–plant interactions that can support the development of new strategies for sustainable pest management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4575","usgsCitation":"Maynard, L., Ford, W., Parker, J., and Whitehead, S., 2023, Biotic and abiotic factors shaping bat activity in Maryland soybean fields: Ecosphere, v. 14, no. 7, e4575, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4575.","productDescription":"e4575, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-145893","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4575","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":466422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":22,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Maryland\",\"nation\":\"USA 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Furthermore, there are no standard methods for insensitive munitions (IM) in tissues, resulting in overlapping methods and supplementary analyses. The goal of the present study was to validate extraction and instrumental methods previously developed and address analytical methodology gaps (missing tissue matrices, combined legacy and IM analysis, and IM compounds). The method encompasses analytes in waters, soils, and tissues. The primary and secondary instrumental methodologies use high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) and an alternate LC-mass spectrometry (MS) method, which includes 26 compounds of interest (legacy munitions, IM, IM degradation products, and other munitions compounds). The methods were formally evaluated during a series of double-blind round robin studies including a broad variety of laboratories (Government Department of Defense (DoD), Government non-DoD, ammunition manufacturing, commercial, and academic). The results of these round robin studies were gathered to generate recovery ranges for each of the 26 compounds in each of the matrices. The recovery ranges were subsequently compared with existing recovery ranges for standard explosives analysis, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 8330B. The validation study reveals a capable method, which reduces analysis time for IM and legacy munitions analyses.
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aballmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-056X","contributorId":140319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballmann","given":"Anne","email":"aballmann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70247715,"text":"70247715 - 2023 - 2023 Coastal master plan: ICM-wetlands – Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) updates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-15T15:31:34.073116","indexId":"70247715","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-01T10:27:06","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"chapter":"Attachment D3","title":"2023 Coastal master plan: ICM-wetlands – Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) updates","docAbstract":"Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) provides critical structural habitat for valuable nekton and wildlife species across coastal ecosystems and can buffer the negative effects of land loss. Landscape change and restoration efforts across coastal Louisiana can impact the occurrence, coverage, and species assemblages of SAV, and changes to these foundational species can have cascading impacts across food webs. To support the 2023 Coastal Master Plan efforts, a unique SAV model was developed to assess coverage and occurrence of SAV across aquatic waterbodies in response to environmental variables evaluated.
This effort created a spatial model describing the probability of presence of SAV across the study area in response to changing conditions over the modeled time period. To develop the initial coverage data layer, we used remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and modified Normalized Difference Water Index (mNDWI) data from 2015-2018 to identify areas containing variable vegetation and water spectral reflectance. Key environmental variables evaluated included total suspended sediments (TSS), salinity, and physical exposure. Seasonal estimates for TSS and salinity were used, as research indicates that seasonal environmental variability is a significant driver for SAV establishment. Seasonal salinity was derived from Coast-wide Reference Monitoring Station (CRMS) data, and seasonal TSS was estimated from hyperspectral imagery. Estimates of physical exposure have previously been provided by calculating fetch (the distance across water over which waves can propagate), but this proved to be too computationally intensive to be feasible, and we found distance to land to be a reasonable proxy for exposure. To represent geographic conditions and historical factors influences on SAV establishment and occurrence (e.g., variables too numerous and complex to model) we developed a basin variable that served as a proxy for complex historical, or prior, conditions, determined by the forested, fresh, intermediate, brackish, or saline (FFIBS) score. The final model included spring TSS, spring salinity, distance to land, and the basin prior.
The model performed well for the area evaluated, correctly classifying SAV (as present or absent) 89% of the time (Kappa = 580). SAV probability of presence responded as expected to change in these environmental variables, with likelihood of occurrence decreasing in response to increasing spring TSS, spring salinity, and distance to land. However, the model was more accurate at predicting absence (true negative = 0.940) than predicting presence (true positive = 0.626), suggesting that the scale of the model may limit the ability to predict presence. Moreover, the simplicity of the model limited the accuracy in highly dynamic environments, for example near the outflow of diversions or areas of significant changes in salinity or TSS. Through incorporating underwater communities like SAV, this master plan provides a holistic view of coastal change and restoration. To create healthy ecological structure and function in wetland habitats, the submergent communities must be considered alongside the emergent habitats. As the benefits of SAV are increasingly recognized, both here in Louisiana and beyond, SAV restoration and the use of SAV communities in assessing and improving ecological condition are becoming more common.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2023 Louisiana’s comprehensive master plan for a sustainable coast","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority","usgsCitation":"DeMarco, K., Schoolmaster, D., and Couvillion, B., 2023, 2023 Coastal master plan: ICM-wetlands – Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) updates (Version 2), 58 p.","productDescription":"58 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151482","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":419802,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://coastal.la.gov/our-plan/2023-coastal-master-plan/2023-plan-appendices/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.79077632406495,\n 30.706267411766817\n ],\n [\n -93.79077632406495,\n 28.854615329475607\n ],\n [\n -88.34722956694776,\n 28.27842992330551\n ],\n [\n -89.00478141362511,\n 30.706267411766817\n ],\n [\n -93.79077632406495,\n 30.706267411766817\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeMarco, Kristin","contributorId":200003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeMarco","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":880146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoolmaster, Donald 0000-0003-0910-4458","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-4458","contributorId":202356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoolmaster","given":"Donald","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Couvillion, Brady 0000-0001-5323-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1687","contributorId":222810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"Brady","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70247717,"text":"70247717 - 2023 - 2023 Coastal master plan: Landscape input data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-15T15:32:51.936815","indexId":"70247717","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-01T10:19:53","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"chapter":"Attachment B1","title":"2023 Coastal master plan: Landscape input data","docAbstract":"Coastal Louisiana is a complex landscape. The composition of the landscape, as well as the processes which influence said landscape, vary in both space and time. The models used in the 2023 Coastal Master Plan must attempt to reflect that spatial and temporal variability. It is therefore of the utmost importance that the spatial data sets upon which the models are initialized are of the highest quality.
This task focused on the compilation and creation of spatial data sets pertaining to parameters necessary to initialize models, calibrate their operations, and/or validate their results. Spatial data sets compiled and/or created as part of this effort include 1) an initial Landscape Composition and Configuration spatial data set, 2) an Integrated Topo/Bathymetric Digital Elevation Model 3) a Wetland Vegetation Community Type data set, and 4) Historical Marsh Edge Erosion Rates.
Each of these data sets constitutes a fundamental descriptor of the coastal landscape, upon which the models depend. This document describes the data sets compiled and the methodologies used to create the best-available spatial data describing the landscape in coastal Louisiana. While data collection dates vary, the data sets created for this effort are intended to represent 2018. The data described herein form initialization data sets upon which most, if not all, models of the 2023 Coastal Master Plan depend in one way or another.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2023 Louisiana’s comprehensive master plan for a sustainable coast","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority","usgsCitation":"Couvillion, B., 2023, 2023 Coastal master plan: Landscape input data (Version 5), 43 p.","productDescription":"43 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151483","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":419803,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://coastal.la.gov/our-plan/2023-coastal-master-plan/2023-plan-appendices/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.79077632406495,\n 30.706267411766817\n ],\n [\n -93.79077632406495,\n 28.854615329475607\n ],\n [\n -88.34722956694776,\n 28.27842992330551\n ],\n [\n -89.00478141362511,\n 30.706267411766817\n ],\n [\n -93.79077632406495,\n 30.706267411766817\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Couvillion, Brady 0000-0001-5323-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1687","contributorId":216668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"Brady","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70249785,"text":"70249785 - 2023 - Vortex trapping of sand grains over ripples under oscillatory flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T14:14:57.662838","indexId":"70249785","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-01T09:08:52","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Vortex trapping of sand grains over ripples under oscillatory flow","docAbstract":"Sand ripples significantly impact morphodynamics in the nearshore by generating coherent vortices, which can transport suspended sediment to greater heights in the water column than above flat beds. Coherent vortices can trap sediment grains if the settling velocity of the grain is smaller than the maximum vertical fluid velocity in the vortex (Nielsen 1992). Particle image and tracking velocimetry were used to measure small-scale fluid-sediment interactions over sand ripples in a small oscillatory flow tunnel. Here we present some of the first measurements of vortex-trapped sediment grains under oscillatory flows. Results showed that the vortex-trapped sand grain traversed an orbit offcenter of the vortex near the ripple slope. Some grains then spiralled outward and settled to the bed; others were transported by the flow as the vortex was shed from the crest. Vortex trapping can delay settling and increase settling times, potentially causing inaccurate sediment transport predictions by large-scale numerical models, which do not typically account for this non-linear small-scale process.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of MARID VII","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Marine and River Dunes VII","conferenceDate":"April 3-5, 2023","conferenceLocation":"Rennes, France","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Physics of Rennes and Geosciences Rennes Laboratory (University of Rennes 1) and the French Naval Hydrographic and Oceanographic Office (Shom)","usgsCitation":"Frank-Gilchrist, D.P., Penko, A., Palmsten, M.L., and Calantoni, J., 2023, Vortex trapping of sand grains over ripples under oscillatory flow, in Proceedings of MARID VII, Rennes, France, April 3-5, 2023, p. 117-123.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"123","ipdsId":"IP-148729","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":422187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://marid7.sciencesconf.org/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank-Gilchrist, Donya P. 0000-0002-7146-0069","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7146-0069","contributorId":292926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank-Gilchrist","given":"Donya","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Penko, Allison","contributorId":331234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penko","given":"Allison","affiliations":[{"id":62875,"text":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmsten, Margaret L. 0000-0002-6424-2338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-2338","contributorId":239955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmsten","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calantoni, Joseph","contributorId":331235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calantoni","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62875,"text":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70239906,"text":"70239906 - 2023 - Automated georeferencing and feature extraction of geologic maps and mineral sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-24T14:12:20.426596","indexId":"70239906","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-01T08:51:21","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Automated georeferencing and feature extraction of geologic maps and mineral sites","docAbstract":"The predictive power of mineral prospectivity analysis depends on high quality, spatially accurate, analysis-ready datasets. Of paramount importance are geologic maps and mineral site data, but the state of readiness for utilizing these datasets remains sub-optimal for advanced computational techniques. As the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) fulfils its mission to map the distribution of critical mineral commodities, non-georeferenced maps held within historical collections represent rich sources of input data. Through a series of machine learning challenges organized by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in collaboration with the USGS, significant progress has been made in accelerating data ingestion, processing, and preparation tasks that enable mineral prospectivity mapping and mineral resource assessment workflows. Specifically, two tasks that previously required time-intensive human effort, 1) georeferencing map images, and 2) legend-based feature extraction from map images, are discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"Abstract proceedings: MinProXT 2022","conferenceTitle":"Mineral Prospectivity and Exploration Targeting (MinProXT 2022)","conferenceDate":"November 1-3, 2022","conferenceLocation":"Freiberg, Germany","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey of Finland","usgsCitation":"Lederer, G.W., Rosera, J.M., Goldman, M.A., Graham, G.E., Mishra, A., Towler, A., Wilson, B., Graf, D., Milano, M., Roberts, E., Hedrick, G., Oertel, C., Dardas, A., and McEntee, T., 2023, Automated georeferencing and feature extraction of geologic maps and mineral sites, in Abstract proceedings: MinProXT 2022, Freiberg, Germany, November 1-3, 2022, p. 8-10.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-145356","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science 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