{"pageNumber":"2600","pageRowStart":"64975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70027917,"text":"70027917 - 2005 - Tilt recorded by a portable broadband seismograph: The 2003 eruption of Anatahan Volcano, Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T07:58:15","indexId":"70027917","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tilt recorded by a portable broadband seismograph: The 2003 eruption of Anatahan Volcano, Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"

The horizontal components of broadband seismographs are highly sensitive to tilt, suggesting that commonly deployed portable broadband seismic sensors may record important tilt information associated with volcanic eruptions. We report on a tilt episode that coincides with the first historical eruption of Anatahan volcano on May 10, 2003. The tilt was recorded by a Strekheisen STS‐2 seismograph deployed in an underground insulated chamber 7 km west of the active vent. An ultra‐long period signal with a dominant period of several hours was recorded on the E‐W component beginning at 06:20 GMT on May 10, which coincides with the onset of continuous volcano‐tectonic (VT) seismicity and is one hour prior to the eruption time estimated by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center. The signal is much smaller on the N‐S component and absent on the vertical component, suggesting it results from tilt that is approximately radial with respect to the active vent. An estimate of tilt as a function of time is recovered by deconvolving the record to acceleration and dividing by the acceleration of gravity. The record indicates an initial episode of tilt downward away from the volcanic center from 06:20–09:30 GMT, which we interpret as inflation of the shallow volcanic source. The tilt reverses, recording deflation, from 09:30 until 17:50, after which the tilt signal becomes insignificant. The inflation corresponds to a period of numerous VT events, whereas fewer events were recorded during the deflation episode, and the VT events subsequently resumed after the end of the deflationary tilt. The maximum tilt of 2 microradians can be used to estimate the volume of the source inflation (∼2 million m3), assuming a simple Mogi source model. These calculations are consistent with other estimates of source volume if reasonable source depths are assumed. Examination of broadband records of other eruptions may disclose further previously unrecognized tilt signals. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1029/2005GL023369","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Wiens, D., Pozgay, S., Shore, P., Sauter, A., and White, R., 2005, Tilt recorded by a portable broadband seismograph: The 2003 eruption of Anatahan Volcano, Mariana Islands: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 18, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023369.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477923,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl023369","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211155,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023369"}],"otherGeospatial":"Anatahan Volcano, Mariana Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 145.63064575195312,\n 16.329364930553236\n ],\n [\n 145.73776245117188,\n 16.329364930553236\n ],\n [\n 145.73776245117188,\n 16.375485785675078\n ],\n [\n 145.63064575195312,\n 16.375485785675078\n ],\n [\n 145.63064575195312,\n 16.329364930553236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb38be4b08c986b325e5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiens, D.A.","contributorId":94802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pozgay, S.H.","contributorId":103466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pozgay","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shore, P.J.","contributorId":60845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shore","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauter, A.W.","contributorId":30433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauter","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, R.A.","contributorId":21953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029397,"text":"70029397 - 2005 - Groundwater depletion: A global problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:31:08","indexId":"70029397","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater depletion: A global problem","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-004-0411-8","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Kendy, E., 2005, Groundwater depletion: A global problem: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 13, no. 1, p. 317-320, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0411-8.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"320","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210815,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0411-8"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2d9be4b0c8380cd5bf55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendy, E.","contributorId":82117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendy","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029256,"text":"70029256 - 2005 - Testing for evidence of maternal effects among individuals and populations of white crappie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70029256","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing for evidence of maternal effects among individuals and populations of white crappie","docAbstract":"For an increasing number of species, maternal characteristics have been correlated with the characteristics of their eggs or larvae at the individual level. Documenting these maternal effects at the population level, however, is uncommon. For white crappies Pomoxis annularis, we evaluated whether individual maternal effects on eggs existed and then explored whether incorporating maternal effects explained additional variation in recruitment, a population-level response. Individual egg quality (measured as ovary energy density) increased with maternal length among individuals from seven Ohio reservoirs in 1999 and three in 2000. Among these same individuals, egg quality increased with maternal condition factor (measured as residual wet mass for a given length) in 1999 but not in 2000. In 2000 we estimated somatic energy density, an improved measure of condition; egg quality increased with somatic energy density, but somatic energy density was also strongly correlated with maternal length. Hence, we could not determine whether maternal length or condition was the primary factor influencing white crappie egg quality. Across seven populations, the relative population fecundity (i.e., stock size) of the 1999 year-class was unable to explain the variation in recruitment to age 2 (Ricker model r2 = 0.04 and Beverton and Holt model r2 = 0.02). Mean ovary energy density (i.e., egg quality), however, was unable to explain additional recruitment variability in either model. Hence, we documented evidence of maternal effects on individual ovaries but not on population-level recruitment. Nonetheless, we recommend that future studies seeking to understand white crappie recruitment continue to consider maternal effects as a potential factor, especially those studies that may have greater sample sizes at the population level and, in turn, a greater probability of documenting a population-level effect. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T04-094.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Scantland, M., and Stein, R., 2005, Testing for evidence of maternal effects among individuals and populations of white crappie: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 3, p. 607-619, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-094.1.","startPage":"607","endPage":"619","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477755,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1811/45401","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210861,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T04-094.1"},{"id":237910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5c4e4b08c986b320c77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, D.B.","contributorId":8610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scantland, M.A.","contributorId":73403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scantland","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, R.A.","contributorId":43893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027622,"text":"70027622 - 2005 - Ferric iron in sediments as a novel CO2 mineral trap: CO 2-SO2 reaction with hematite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027622","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ferric iron in sediments as a novel CO2 mineral trap: CO 2-SO2 reaction with hematite","docAbstract":"Thermodynamic simulations of reactions among SO2-bearing CO 2-dominated gas, water and mineral phases predict that Fe III in sediments should be converted almost entirely to dissolved FeII and siderite (FeCO3), and that SO2 should simultaneously be oxidized to dissolved sulfate. The reactions are however, subject to kinetic constraints which may result in deviation from equilibrium and the precipitation of other metastable mineral phases. To test the prediction, a laboratory experiment was carried out in a well stirred hydrothermal reactor at 150??C and 300 bar with hematite, 1.0 m NaCl, 0.5 m NaOH, SO2 in quantity sufficient to reduce much of the iron, and excess CO2. The experiment produced stable siderite and metastable pyrite and elemental S. Changes in total dissolved Fe are consistent with nucleation of pyrite at ???17 h, and nucleation of siderite at ???600 h. Dissolution features present on elemental S at the conclusion of the experiment suggest nucleation early in the experiment. The experiment did not reach equilibrium after ???1400 h, as indicated by coexistence of hematite with metastable pyrite and elemental sulfur. However, the results confirm that FeIII can be used to trap CO2 in siderite if partly oxidized S, as SO2, is present to reduce the Fe with CO2 in the gas phase. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.06.005","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Palandri, J., Rosenbauer, R., and Kharaka, Y., 2005, Ferric iron in sediments as a novel CO2 mineral trap: CO 2-SO2 reaction with hematite: Applied Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 11, p. 2038-2048, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.06.005.","startPage":"2038","endPage":"2048","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211046,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.06.005"},{"id":238201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f84e4b0c8380cd53924","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palandri, J.L.","contributorId":50719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palandri","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, R.J.","contributorId":37320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kharaka, Y.K.","contributorId":23568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027407,"text":"70027407 - 2005 - Outgassing models for Landsat-4 thematic mapper short wave infrared bands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027407","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Outgassing models for Landsat-4 thematic mapper short wave infrared bands","docAbstract":"Detector responses to the Internal Calibrator (IC) pulses in the Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) have been observed to follow an oscillatory behavior. This phenomenon is present only in the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) bands and has been observed throughout the lifetime of the instrument, which was launched in July 1982 and imaged the Earth's surface until late 1993. These periodic changes in amplitude, which can be as large as 7.5 percent, are known as outgassing effects and are believed to be due to optical interference caused by a gradual buildup of an ice-like material on the window of the cryogenically cooled dewar containing the SWIR detectors. Similar outgassing effects in the Landsat-5 TM have been characterized using an optical thin-film model that relates detector behavior to the ice film growth rate, which was found to gradually decrease with time. A similar approach, which takes into consideration the different operational history of the instrument, has been applied in this study to three closely sampled data sets acquired throughout the lifetime of the Landsat-4 TM. Although Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 Thematic Mappers are essentially identical instruments, data generated from analyses of outgassing effects indicate subtle, but important, differences between the two. The estimated lifetime model could improve radiometric accuracy by as much as five percent.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems X","conferenceDate":"31 July 2005 through 2 August 2005","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.620160","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Micijevic, E., and Helder, D., 2005, Outgassing models for Landsat-4 thematic mapper short wave infrared bands, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 5882, San Diego, CA, 31 July 2005 through 2 August 2005, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.620160.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211130,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.620160"},{"id":238328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5882","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a71bce4b0c8380cd7672e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Butler J.J.","contributorId":128408,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Butler J.J.","id":536614,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Micijevic, E. 0000-0002-3828-9239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":59939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027379,"text":"70027379 - 2005 - Technology and the study of wildfire: Middle school students study the impacts of wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027379","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2712,"text":"Meridian","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Technology and the study of wildfire: Middle school students study the impacts of wildfire","docAbstract":"Various technologies that can assist students in exploring the human and environmental impacts of wildfire and in communicating their findings are discussed. Wildfires occur in many parts of the world, and provide an excellent opportunity for students to study local and global interdisciplinary issues using technology. Prior to the beginning of the field study, students take instructions in both their math and science classes about the distinction and appropriate uses of quantitative and qualitative data. Use of computer programs such as Excel spreadsheets which can contain data, and interaction of research and technology group with students, can help them collect best of the information and in making an accurate report.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Meridian","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10979778","usgsCitation":"Fox-Gliessman, D., and Kerski, J., 2005, Technology and the study of wildfire: Middle school students study the impacts of wildfire: Meridian, v. 8, no. 1.","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba440e4b08c986b3201e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox-Gliessman, D.","contributorId":53159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox-Gliessman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kerski, J.J.","contributorId":41212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerski","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029533,"text":"70029533 - 2005 - Authigenesis of trace metals in energetic tropical shelf environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:44:05","indexId":"70029533","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Authigenesis of trace metals in energetic tropical shelf environments","docAbstract":"

We evaluated authigenic changes of Fe, Mn, V, U, Mo, Cd and Re in suboxic, periodically remobilized, tropical shelf sediments from the Amazon continental shelf and the Gulf of Papua. The Cd/Al, Mo/Al, and U/Al ratios in Amazon shelf sediments were 82%, 37%, and 16% less than those in Amazon River suspended sediments, respectively. Very large depletions of U previously reported in this environment were not observed. The Cd/Al ratios in Gulf of Papua sediments were 76% lower than measurements made on several Papua New Guinea rivers, whereas U/Al ratios in the shelf sediments were enriched by approximately 20%. Other metal/Al ratios in the Papua New Guinea river suspended sediments and continental shelf sediments were not distinguishably different. Comparison of metal/Al ratios to grain size distributions in Gulf of Papua samples indicates that our observations cannot be attributed to differences in grain size between the river suspended sediments and continental shelf sediments. These two shelves constitute a source of dissolved Cd to the world ocean equal to 29–100% of the dissolved Cd input from rivers, but only 3% of the dissolved Mo input and 4% of the dissolved U input. Release of Cd, Mo, and U in tropical shelf sediments is likely a result of intense Fe and Mn oxide reduction in pore waters and resuspension of the sediments. Since we do not observe depletions of particulate Fe and Mn in the shelf sediments most of these dissolved metals must reoxidize in the overlying waters and reprecipitate. As Cd exhibits the largest losses on these tropical shelves, we examined the ability of newly formed Fe and Mn oxides to adsorb dissolved Cd using a geochemical diffuse double-layer surface complexation model and found the oxide surfaces are relatively ineffective at readsorbing Cd in seawater due to surface-site competition by Mg and Ca. If the remobilization and reoxidation of Fe and Mn occurs frequently enough before sediment is buried significant amounts of Cd may be removed from the oxide surfaces. Because a much greater percentage of Mn than Fe becomes remobilized in these shelf sediments, metals closely associated with Mn oxides (like Cd) are more likely to show losses during deposition.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2005.02.001","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Breckel, E., Emerson, S., and Balistrieri, L.S., 2005, Authigenesis of trace metals in energetic tropical shelf environments: Continental Shelf Research, v. 25, no. 11, p. 1321-1337, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2005.02.001.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1321","endPage":"1337","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210682,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2005.02.001"}],"volume":"25","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eeece4b0c8380cd4a02f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breckel, E.J.","contributorId":67715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breckel","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emerson, S.","contributorId":102684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027424,"text":"70027424 - 2005 - Taxonomic status and biology of the Cuban blackhawk, Buteogallus anthracinus gundlachii (AVES: Accipitridae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027424","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taxonomic status and biology of the Cuban blackhawk, Buteogallus anthracinus gundlachii (AVES: Accipitridae)","docAbstract":"We reevaluate the taxonomic status of the Cuban population of the Common Black-Hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus) based on our examination of additional specimens, nests, eggs, and voice data. Buteogallus a. gundlachii is smaller than mainland populations of anthracinus and differs from mainland birds in plumage coloration and pattern. The common (alarm) call of gundlachii is a series of three or four notes, differing from that of mainland anthracinus, whose call consists of 9-24 notes. In the Isla de Pinos, Cuba, we observed gundlachii eating two species of land crabs (71.4%), centipedes (7.1%), lizards (10.7%), mammals (7.1%), and a bird (3.6%). We consider Buteogallus gundlachii Cabanis 1854 (1855), the Cuban Black-Hawk, to be a full species, endemic to Cuba, Isla de Pinos, and many of the cays of the Cuban Archipelago. ?? 2005 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Wiley, J.W., and Garrido, O., 2005, Taxonomic status and biology of the Cuban blackhawk, Buteogallus anthracinus gundlachii (AVES: Accipitridae): Journal of Raptor Research, v. 39, no. 4, p. 351-364.","startPage":"351","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3eee4b08c986b31ffbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiley, J. W.","contributorId":51399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrido, O.H.","contributorId":105905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrido","given":"O.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027933,"text":"70027933 - 2005 - A magnetotelluric study of the sensitivity of an area to seismoelectric signals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-21T20:46:12","indexId":"70027933","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A magnetotelluric study of the sensitivity of an area to seismoelectric signals","docAbstract":"During recent years, efforts at better understanding the physical properties of precursory ultra-low frequency pre-seismic electric signals (SES) have been intensified. Experiments show that SES cannot be observed at all points of the Earth's surface but only at certain so-called sensitive sites. Moreover, a sensitive site is capable of collecting SES from only a restricted number of seismic areas (selectivity effect). Tberefore the installation of a permanent station appropriate for SES collection should necessarily be preceded by a pilot study over a broad area and for a long duration. In short, a number of temporary stations are installed and, after the occurrence of several significant earthquakes (EQs) from a given seismic area, the most appropriate (if any) of these temporary stations, in the sense that they happen to collect SES, can be selected as permanent. Such a long experiment constitutes a serious disadvantage in identifying a site as SES sensitive. However, the SES sensitivity of a site should be related to the geoelectric structure of the area that hosts the site as well as the regional geoelectric structure between the station and the seismic focal area. Thus, knowledge of the local and regional geoelectric structure can dramatically reduce the time involved in identifying SES sites. hi this paper the magnetotelluric method is used to investigate the conductivity structure of an area where a permanent SES station is in operation. Although general conclusions cannot be drawn, the area surrounding an SES site near Ioannina, Greece is characterized by: (1) major faults in the vicinity; (2) highly resistive structure flanked by abrupt conductivity contrasts associated with large-scale geologic contacts, and (3) local inhomogeneities in conductivity structure. The above results are consistent with the fact that electric field amplitudes from remotely-generated signals should be appreciably stronger at such sites when compared to neighboring sites. European Geosciences Union ?? 2005 Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-5-931-2005","issn":"15618633","usgsCitation":"Balasis, G., Bedrosian, P.A., and Eftaxias, K., 2005, A magnetotelluric study of the sensitivity of an area to seismoelectric signals: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 5, no. 6, p. 931-946, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-931-2005.","startPage":"931","endPage":"946","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-931-2005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267920,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-931-2005"}],"volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e446e4b0c8380cd46542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balasis, G.","contributorId":67718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balasis","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedrosian, P. A.","contributorId":100109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eftaxias, K.","contributorId":91292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eftaxias","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029422,"text":"70029422 - 2005 - Estimating population size from DNA-based closed capture-recapture data incorporating genotyping error","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029422","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating population size from DNA-based closed capture-recapture data incorporating genotyping error","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069<0396:EPSFDC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Lukacs, P., and Burnham, K., 2005, Estimating population size from DNA-based closed capture-recapture data incorporating genotyping error: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 1, p. 396-403, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069<0396:EPSFDC>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"396","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210701,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069<0396:EPSFDC>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b3ae4b0c8380cd5261e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lukacs, P.M.","contributorId":84708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukacs","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027868,"text":"70027868 - 2005 - Matthevia (Polyplacophora) invades the Ordovician: The first reported post-Cambrian occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027868","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Matthevia (Polyplacophora) invades the Ordovician: The first reported post-Cambrian occurrence","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[1021:MPITOT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Pojeta, J., Taylor, J.F., and Darrough, G., 2005, Matthevia (Polyplacophora) invades the Ordovician: The first reported post-Cambrian occurrence: Journal of Paleontology, v. 79, no. 5, p. 1021-1027, https://doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[1021:MPITOT]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1021","endPage":"1027","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211013,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[1021:MPITOT]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5292e4b0c8380cd6c502","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pojeta, J. Jr.","contributorId":55150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pojeta","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, John F.","contributorId":80890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darrough, G.","contributorId":101074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darrough","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027938,"text":"70027938 - 2005 - Constructed impoundments in the floodplain: A source or sink for native prairie fishes, in particular the endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka)?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027938","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Constructed impoundments in the floodplain: A source or sink for native prairie fishes, in particular the endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka)?","docAbstract":"Livestock watering holes (i.e., dugouts) are typically constructed in floodplains, yet the influence of dugouts on native prairie fishes is unknown. Such information is necessary for the effective management of native fishes, especially species of concern such as the endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka). The goal of our study was to suggest technical guidelines for constructing floodplain wetlands that are compatible with stream fish resources. Specific objectives were to: determine the flood frequencies of the connection between streams and dugouts; determine fish community characteristics in floodplain dugouts; and, associate dugout characteristics with fish assemblages. A total of 20 dugouts within Six Mile Creek watershed, South Dakota, were surveyed seasonally (excluding winter) from fall of 2003 to fall of 2004. Dugouts were categorized according to their lateral floodplain placement (connectivity with the stream and flood frequency of the stream-dugout connection) and longitudinal placement across the watershed. Fishes were sampled in dugouts and adjacent stream reaches with seines and traps. The 21 species making up the stream and dugout fish assemblages were similar. Fish inhabited 65% of the dugouts; 30% contained Topeka shiners. Most fish inhabitance, and all Topeka shiner occurrences, were in dugouts that were headwater sites and were either directly connected to the stream or disconnected and frequently flooded (average 1 in 2 year event). Two dugouts in this latter category contained the most abundant, self-sustaining Topeka shiner populations. Constructing dugouts separate from the stream within frequently inundated zones can provide off-channel habitat for fishes.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceTitle":"2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceDate":"19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA","language":"English","isbn":"0784407630","usgsCitation":"Thomson, S., Berry, C.R., Niehus, C.A., and Wall, S., 2005, Constructed impoundments in the floodplain: A source or sink for native prairie fishes, in particular the endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka)?, in Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges, Williamsburg, VA, 19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005, p. 1337-1348.","startPage":"1337","endPage":"1348","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa12e4b0c8380cd4d90a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moglen G.E.","contributorId":128404,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Moglen G.E.","id":536631,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Thomson, S.K.","contributorId":35536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, C. R. Jr.","contributorId":39167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niehus, C. A.","contributorId":94697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niehus","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wall, S.S.","contributorId":36721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008366,"text":"1008366 - 2005 - Laser ablation ICP-MS profiling and semiquantitative determination of trace element concentrations in desert torotise shells: Documenting the uptake of elemental toxicants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-02T15:23:22.516572","indexId":"1008366","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laser ablation ICP-MS profiling and semiquantitative determination of trace element concentrations in desert torotise shells: Documenting the uptake of elemental toxicants","docAbstract":"

The outer keratin layer (scute) of desert tortoise shells consists of incrementally grown laminae in which various bioaccumulated trace elements are sequestered during scute deposition. Laser ablation ICP-MS examination of laminae in scutes of dead tortoises revealed patterns of trace elemental distribution from which the chronology of elemental uptake can be inferred. These patterns may be of pathologic significance in the case of elemental toxicants such as arsenic, which has been linked to both shell and respiratory diseases. Laser ablation transects, performed along the lateral surfaces of sectioned scutes, offered the most successful means of avoiding exogenous contamination that was present on the scute exterior. Semiquantitative determination of elemental concentrations was achieved using sulfur, a keratin matrix element, as an internal standard. The results presented here highlight the potential of laser ablation ICP-MS as a diagnostic tool for investigating toxic element uptake as it pertains to tortoise morbidity and mortality.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.07.027","usgsCitation":"Seltzer, M.D., and Berry, K.H., 2005, Laser ablation ICP-MS profiling and semiquantitative determination of trace element concentrations in desert torotise shells: Documenting the uptake of elemental toxicants: Science of the Total Environment, v. 339, no. 1-3, p. 253-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.07.027.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"339","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a903b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seltzer, M. D.","contributorId":77481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seltzer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027414,"text":"70027414 - 2005 - Factors affecting settling, survival, and viability of black bears reintroduced to Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T16:24:20","indexId":"70027414","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting settling, survival, and viability of black bears reintroduced to Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas","docAbstract":"

We used radiotelemetry and population modeling techniques to examine factors related to population establishment of black bears (Ursus americanus) reintroduced to Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Arkansas. Our objectives were to determine whether settling (i.e., establishment of a home range at or near the release site), survival, recruitment, and population viability were related to age class of reintroduced bears, presence of cubs, time since release, or number of translocated animals. We removed 23 adult female black bears with 56 cubs from their winter dens at White River NWR and transported them 160 km to man-made den structures at Felsenthal NWR during spring 2000–2002. Total movement and average circuity of adult females decreased from 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year post-emergence (F2,14 =19.7, P < 0.001 and F2,14 =5.76, P=0.015, respectively). Mean first-year post-release survival of adult female bears was 0.624 (SE = 0.110, SEinterannual = 0.144), and the survival rate of their cubs was 0.750 (SE = 0.088, SEinterannual = 0.109). The homing rate (i.e., the proportion of bears that returned to White River NWR) was 13%. Annual survival for female bears that remained at the release site and survived >1-year post-release increased to 0.909 (SE = 0.097, SEinterannual=0.067; Z=3.5, P < 0.001). Based on stochastic population growth simulations, the average annual growth rate (λ) was 1.093 (SD = 0.053) and the probability of extinction with no additional stockings ranged from 0.56-1.30%. The bear population at Felsenthal NWR is at or above the number after which extinction risk declines dramatically, although additional releases of bears could significantly decrease time to population reestablishment. Poaching accounted for at least 3 of the 8 adult mortalities that we documented; illegal kills could be a significant impediment to population re-establishment at Felsenthal NWR should poaching rates escalate.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1363:FASSAV]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Wear, B., Eastridge, R., and Clark, J.D., 2005, Factors affecting settling, survival, and viability of black bears reintroduced to Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 4, p. 1363-1374, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1363:FASSAV]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1363","endPage":"1374","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","county":"Arkansas county, Ashley county, Bradley county, Desha county, Monroe county, Phillips county, Union county","otherGeospatial":"Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge, White River National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.27716064453125,\n 34.67161743636362\n ],\n [\n -91.25244140624999,\n 34.610605760914666\n ],\n [\n -91.1590576171875,\n 34.55407346090556\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 34.511083202999714\n ],\n [\n -91.0382080078125,\n 34.4069096565206\n ],\n [\n -90.99426269531249,\n 34.39104576945997\n ],\n [\n -91.02996826171875,\n 34.15045403191448\n ],\n [\n -91.0272216796875,\n 34.10498222546687\n ],\n [\n -91.065673828125,\n 34.03672867489511\n ],\n [\n -91.0601806640625,\n 34.00258128543371\n ],\n [\n -91.0931396484375,\n 33.970697997361626\n ],\n [\n -91.11785888671875,\n 33.959308210392024\n ],\n [\n -91.1590576171875,\n 33.96386430820156\n ],\n [\n -91.1920166015625,\n 33.99347299511967\n ],\n [\n -91.22222900390625,\n 34.048108084909835\n ],\n [\n -91.19476318359375,\n 34.129994745824746\n ],\n [\n -91.21673583984375,\n 34.14136162745489\n ],\n [\n -91.25518798828125,\n 34.2594865145062\n ],\n [\n -91.23321533203125,\n 34.29579932143427\n ],\n [\n -91.19476318359375,\n 34.288991865037524\n ],\n [\n -91.17279052734375,\n 34.332096438353915\n ],\n [\n -91.18377685546875,\n 34.384246040152206\n ],\n [\n -91.22772216796875,\n 34.40917568058836\n ],\n [\n -91.27716064453125,\n 34.46127728843708\n ],\n [\n -91.33209228515625,\n 34.54502472496434\n ],\n [\n -91.395263671875,\n 34.6015631772409\n ],\n [\n -91.38702392578125,\n 34.66258150231496\n ],\n [\n -91.33209228515625,\n 34.68291096793206\n ],\n [\n -91.27716064453125,\n 34.67161743636362\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.00294494628906,\n 33.148762389442346\n ],\n [\n -92.00002670288086,\n 33.148906113438244\n ],\n [\n -91.9936752319336,\n 33.14833121604186\n ],\n [\n -91.988525390625,\n 33.14775631487812\n ],\n [\n -91.98234558105469,\n 33.14631904548679\n ],\n [\n -91.97891235351562,\n 33.1433007031258\n ],\n [\n -91.97719573974608,\n 33.13927608513229\n ],\n [\n -91.97685241699217,\n 33.13079503586438\n ],\n [\n -91.9778823852539,\n 33.12935748867203\n ],\n [\n -91.98938369750977,\n 33.127201123747774\n ],\n [\n -91.9940185546875,\n 33.127488642131055\n ],\n [\n -92.00157165527344,\n 33.12892621992416\n ],\n [\n -92.00517654418945,\n 33.13036377417831\n ],\n [\n -92.00689315795898,\n 33.13467629570168\n ],\n [\n -92.00809478759764,\n 33.145025482903385\n ],\n [\n -92.00672149658203,\n 33.14804376593092\n ],\n [\n -92.00294494628906,\n 33.148762389442346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ea7e4b0c8380cd53565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wear, B.J.","contributorId":61634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wear","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eastridge, R.","contributorId":46464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eastridge","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, J. D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031458,"text":"70031458 - 2005 - Source and movement of helium in the eastern Morongo groundwater Basin: The influence of regional tectonics on crustal and mantle helium fluxes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T09:17:04","indexId":"70031458","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source and movement of helium in the eastern Morongo groundwater Basin: The influence of regional tectonics on crustal and mantle helium fluxes","docAbstract":"We assess the role of fracturing and seismicity on fluid-driven mass transport of helium using groundwaters from the eastern Morongo Basin (EMB), California, USA. The EMB, located ???200 km east of Los Angeles, lies within a tectonically active region known as the Eastern California Shear Zone that exhibits both strike-slip and extensional deformation. Helium concentrations from 27 groundwaters range from 0.97 to 253.7 ?? 10-7 cm3 STP g-1 H2O, with corresponding 3He/4He ratios falling between 1.0 and 0.26 RA (where RA is the 3He/4He ratio of air). All groundwaters had helium isotope ratios significantly higher than the crustal production value of ???0.02 RA. Dissolved helium concentrations were resolved into components associated with solubility equilibration, air entrainment, in situ production within the aquifer, and extraneous fluxes (both crustal and mantle derived). All samples contained a mantle helium-3 (3Hem) flux in the range of 4.5 to 1351 ?? 10-14 cm3 STP 3He cm-2 yr-1 and a crustal flux (J0) between 0.03 and 300 ?? 10-7 cm3 STP 4He cm-2 yr-1. Groundwaters from the eastern part of the basin contained significantly higher 3Hem and deep crustal helium-4 (4Hedc) concentrations than other areas, suggesting a localized source for these components. 4Hedc and 3Hem are strongly correlated, and are associated with faults in the basin. A shallow thermal anomaly in a >3,000 m deep graben in the eastern basin suggests upflow of fluids through active faults associated with extensional tectonics. Regional tectonics appears to drive large scale crustal fluid transport, whereas episodic hydrofracturing provides an effective mechanism for mantle-crust volatile transport identified by variability in the magnitude of degassing fluxes (3Hem and J0) across the basin. Copyright ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2005.03.001","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Kulongoski, J., Hilton, D.R., and Izbicki, J., 2005, Source and movement of helium in the eastern Morongo groundwater Basin: The influence of regional tectonics on crustal and mantle helium fluxes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 15, p. 3857-3872, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.03.001.","startPage":"3857","endPage":"3872","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212532,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.03.001"}],"volume":"69","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b931de4b08c986b31a2c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulongoski, J.T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":61213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilton, David R.","contributorId":37116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Izbicki, J. 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A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029267,"text":"70029267 - 2005 - Field measurements of incision rates following bedrock exposure: Implications for process controls on the long profiles of valleys cut by rivers and debris flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T16:34:57","indexId":"70029267","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field measurements of incision rates following bedrock exposure: Implications for process controls on the long profiles of valleys cut by rivers and debris flows","docAbstract":"

Until recently, published rates of incision of bedrock valleys came from indirect dating of incised surfaces. A small but growing literature based on direct measurement reports short-term bedrock lowering at geologically unsustainable rates. We report observations of bedrock lowering from erosion pins monitored over 1–7 yr in 10 valleys that cut indurated volcanic and sedimentary rocks in Washington, Oregon, California, and Taiwan. Most of these channels have historically been stripped of sediment. Their bedrock is exposed to bed-load abrasion, plucking, and seasonal wetting and drying that comminutes hard, intact rock into plates or equant fragments that are removed by higher flows. Consequent incision rates are proportional to the square of rock tensile strength, in agreement with experimental results of others. Measured rates up to centimeters per year far exceed regional long-term erosion-rate estimates, even for apparently minor sediment-transport rates. Cultural artifacts on adjoining strath terraces in Washington and Taiwan indicate at least several decades of lowering at these extreme rates. Lacking sediment cover, lithologies at these sites lower at rates that far exceed long-term rock-uplift rates. This rate disparity makes it unlikely that the long profiles of these rivers are directly adjusted to either bedrock hardness or rock-uplift rate in the manner predicted by the stream power law, despite the observation that their profiles are well fit by power-law plots of drainage area vs. slope. We hypothesize that the threshold of motion of a thin sediment mantle, rather than bedrock hardness or rock-uplift rate, controls channel slope in weak bedrock lithologies with tensile strengths below ∼3–5 MPa. To illustrate this hypothesis and to provide an alternative interpretation for power-law plots of area vs. slope, we combine Shields' threshold transport concept with measured hydraulic relationships and downstream fining rates. In contrast to fluvial reaches, none of the hundreds of erosion pins we installed in steep valleys recently scoured to bedrock by debris flows indicate any postevent fluvial lowering. These results are consistent with episodic debris flows as the primary agent of bedrock lowering in the steepest parts of the channel network above ∼0.03–0.10 slope.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B25560.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Stock, J.D., Montgomery, D.R., Collins, B., Dietrich, W., and Sklar, L., 2005, Field measurements of incision rates following bedrock exposure: Implications for process controls on the long profiles of valleys cut by rivers and debris flows: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 1-2, p. 174-194, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25560.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237514,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Taiwan, United States","state":"California, Washington, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Olympic Mountains, Oregon Cascades, Sharps Creek, South Fork of the Eel River, Walker Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n 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R.","contributorId":67389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, Brian D.","contributorId":71641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dietrich, William E.","contributorId":115128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"William E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sklar, Leonard","contributorId":156288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sklar","given":"Leonard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18952,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":421992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1008358,"text":"1008358 - 2005 - Evaluation of current population indices for band-tailed pigeons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T13:35:31.077431","indexId":"1008358","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of current population indices for band-tailed pigeons","docAbstract":"

There is no formal population survey specifically designed to index population abundance of band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata) throughout their range. Data from the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), Washington and Oregon Mineral-Site (WAORMS) surveys, and Washington Call Count (WACC) survey offer evidence of long-term population decline. We investigated the potential to augment BBS, WACC, and WAORMS surveys to provide more precise population indices for the Pacific Coast band-tailed pigeon (P. f. monilis) and augment the BBS to index the Interior or “Four Corners” population (P. f. fasciata). We calculated statistical power, the probability of detecting population change given that a change exists, and analyzed survey data to investigate the effect of route length, survey repetition, and sample size. Sample sizes of 50 sites or routes yielded corresponding powers of 99% for WAORMS, 54% for WACC, and 30% for Pacific BBS, to detect a 10% annual change over a 5-year period (a = 0.10). Route length and repetition of surveys had little impact on power. Mineral-site surveys provide the greatest potential to monitor breeding populations and detect short-term trends in the Pacific Coast population. New survey techniques are needed for the Interior band-tailed pigeon.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[606:EOCPIF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Casazza, M.L., Yee, J.L., Miller, M.R., Orthmeyer, D.L., Yparraguirre, D., Jarvis, R.L., and Overton, C.T., 2005, Evaluation of current population indices for band-tailed pigeons: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 2, p. 606-615, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[606:EOCPIF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"606","endPage":"615","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cce4b07f02db5d8dc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Michael R.","contributorId":45796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12709,"text":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":317506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orthmeyer, Dennis L.","contributorId":52646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":317510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yparraguirre, Daniel R.","contributorId":250671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yparraguirre","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":317511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jarvis, Robert L.","contributorId":112518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvis","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70027802,"text":"70027802 - 2005 - Mineralization, watershed geochemistry, and metals in fish from a Subarctic River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027802","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mineralization, watershed geochemistry, and metals in fish from a Subarctic River, Alaska","docAbstract":"We report on the levels of trace metals and metalloids in Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus), an important freshwater sport and subsistence fish in the Fortymile River, east-central Alaska. Functional biogeochemical baseline values and (or) ranges are presented for 38 major- and trace-elements in the muscle (fillet) and liver of 34 fish collected from 11 sampling sites in the watershed. In addition, we present N-, C-, and S-isotopic data for muscle samples. These data are the first to be reported for Arctic grayling in this region of Alaska. Geometric means for total Hg in muscle and liver tissue are 0.069 and 0.062 ppm, respectively. These levels are more than an order of magnitude below the FDA permissible value for methylmercury in fish fillets. In general, we noted little variation in the elemental concentrations in muscle tissue among samples at each of the 11 fish-sampling sites. No definitive link could be attributed between biogeochemical patterns and regional lithology. Stomach-content chemistry varied widely (relative muscle tissue or liver) and generally reflected sediment chemistry - a component of the ingested material. Stomach-content material was examined for the occurrence and frequency of macroinvertebrates and their chemical composition in three fish. Results showed considerable diversity, with 9 to 15 invertebrate taxa of which both aquatic and terrestrial individuals were found. The N-isotopic compositions of muscle fillet samples are homogeneous (??15N = 7.6 - 9.7 permil), reflecting a restricted, low trophic (primary predator) position for the grayling. C and S isotopic compositions (??13C and ??34S) of fillet samples range from -33.1 to -25.8 permil and -8.4 to 8.2 permil, respectively, suggesting heterogeneity of food sources (both aquatic and terrestrial). Copyright ASCE 2005.","largerWorkTitle":"World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of Global Climate Change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceTitle":"2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40792(173)252","isbn":"0784407924; 9780784407929","usgsCitation":"Gough, L.P., Wang, B., Crock, J., Seal, R., and Weber-Scannell, P., 2005, Mineralization, watershed geochemistry, and metals in fish from a Subarctic River, Alaska, in World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of Global Climate Change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Anchorage, AK, 15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005, https://doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)252.","startPage":"252","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211032,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)252"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5a86e4b0c8380cd6ef2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, B.","contributorId":29011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seal, R.R. 0000-0003-0901-2529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":90331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weber-Scannell, P.","contributorId":97981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber-Scannell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1008347,"text":"1008347 - 2005 - Fire and the Miocene expansion of C4 grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-07T16:01:01.326295","indexId":"1008347","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Fire and the Miocene expansion of C4 grasslands","title":"Fire and the Miocene expansion of C4 grasslands","docAbstract":"

C4 photosynthesis had a mid-Tertiary origin that was tied to declining atmospheric CO2, but C4-dominated grasslands did not appear until late Tertiary. According to the ‘CO2-threshold’ model, these C4 grasslands owe their origin to a further late Miocene decline in CO2 that gave C4 grasses a photosynthetic advantage. This model is most appropriate for explaining replacement of C3 grasslands by C4 grasslands, however, fossil evidence shows C4 grasslands replaced woodlands. An additional weakness in the threshold model is that recent estimates do not support a late Miocene drop in pCO2. We hypothesize that late Miocene climate changes created a fire climate capable of replacing woodlands with C4 grasslands. Critical elements were seasonality that sustained high biomass production part of year, followed by a dry season that greatly reduced fuel moisture, coupled with a monsoon climate that generated abundant lightning-igniting fires. As woodlands became more open from burning, the high light conditions favoured C4 grasses over C3 grasses, and in a feedback process, the elevated productivity of C4 grasses increased highly combustible fuel loads that further increased fire activity. This hypothesis is supported by paleosol data that indicate the late Miocene expansion of C4 grasslands was the result of grassland expansion into more mesic environments and by charcoal sediment profiles that parallel the late Miocene expansion of C4 grasslands. Many contemporary C4 grasslands are fire dependent and are invaded by woodlands upon cessation of burning. Thus, we maintain that the factors driving the late Miocene expansion of C4 were the same as those responsible for maintenance of C4 grasslands today.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00767.x","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., and Rundel, P.W., 2005, Fire and the Miocene expansion of C4 grasslands: Ecology Letters, v. 8, no. 7, p. 683-690, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00767.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"683","endPage":"690","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f45a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rundel, Philip W.","contributorId":107552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundel","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027394,"text":"70027394 - 2005 - Evolving force balance at Columbia Glacier, Alaska, during its rapid retreat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T17:58:39","indexId":"70027394","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolving force balance at Columbia Glacier, Alaska, during its rapid retreat","docAbstract":"

Changes in driving and resistive stresses play an essential role in governing the buoyancy forces that are important controls on the speed and irreversibility of tidewater glacier retreats. We describe changes in geometry, velocity, and strain rate and present a top-down force balance analysis performed over the lower reach of Columbia Glacier. Our analysis uses new measurements and estimates of basal topography and photogrammetric surface velocity measurements made between 1977 and 2001, while assuming depth-independent strain. Sensitivity tests show that the method is robust and insensitive to small changes in the calculation parameters. Spatial distributions of ice speed show little correspondence with driving stress. Instead, spatial patterns of ice speed exhibit a nonlinear correspondence with basal drag. Primary resistance to flow comes from basal drag, but lateral drag becomes increasingly more important throughout the retreat, which may account for observed increases in speed. Maximum basal drag is always located in a prominent constriction located ~12 km upstream from the preretreat terminus. Once the terminus retreated into deep water off the terminal moraine marking the modern maximum extent, the upstream location of this maximum basal drag helped to promote thinning and decrease effective pressure in the lower region by limiting replenishing ice flow from upstream. An increase in both ice velocity and calving resulted, initiating what appears to be an irreversible retreat. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JF000292","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"O’Neel, S., Pfeffer, W., Krimmel, R., and Meier, M., 2005, Evolving force balance at Columbia Glacier, Alaska, during its rapid retreat: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 110, no. F3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000292.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211017,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000292"}],"volume":"110","issue":"F3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d93e4b0c8380cd530bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pfeffer, W.T.","contributorId":14632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeffer","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krimmel, R.","contributorId":16643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krimmel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meier, M.","contributorId":36312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008338,"text":"1008338 - 2005 - Fire management impacts on invasive plant species in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T16:40:18.410375","indexId":"1008338","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire management impacts on invasive plant species in the western United States","docAbstract":"

Fire management practices affect alien plant invasions in diverse ways. I considered the impact of six fire management practices on alien invasions: fire suppression, forest fuel reduction, prescription burning in crown-fire ecosystems, fuel breaks, targeting of noxious aliens, and postfire rehabilitation. Most western United States forests have had fire successfully excluded for unnaturally long periods of time, and this appears to have favored the exclusion of alien plant species. Forest fuel reduction programs have the potential for greatly enhancing forest vulnerability to alien invasions. In part this is due to the focus on reestablishing pre-Euro-American fire regimes on a landscape that differs from pre-Euro-American landscapes in the abundance of aggressive non-native species. We may be forced to choose between restoring “natural” fire regimes or altering fire regimes to favor communities of native species. Intensive grazing in many western forests may exacerbate the alien problem after fire and temporally decoupling grazing and fire restoration may reduce the alien threat. Many shrubland ecosystems such as the Intermountain West sagebrush steppe or California chaparral have a natural, high-intensity crown fire regime that is less amenable to forest restoration tactics. Historical use of prescribed fire for type conversion of shrublands to more useful grazing lands has played some role in the massive annual grass invasion that threatens these shrublands. Fuel breaks pose a special invasive plant risk because they promote alien invasion along corridors into wildland areas. Use of prescription burning to eliminate noxious aliens has had questionable success, particularly when applied to disturbance-dependent annuals, and success is most likely when coupled with ecosystem restoration that alters the competitive balance between aliens and natives. Artificial seeding of alien species as a form of postfire stabilization appears to cause more problems than it solves and may even enhance alien invasion.

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Permafrost is warming, hydrological processes are changing and biological and social systems are also evolving in response to these changing conditions. Knowing how the structure and function of arctic terrestrial ecosystems are responding to recent and persistent climate change is paramount to understanding the future state of the Earth system and how humans will need to adapt. Our holistic review presents a broad array of evidence that illustrates convincingly; the Arctic is undergoing a system-wide response to an altered climatic state. New extreme and seasonal surface climatic conditions are being experienced, a range of biophysical states and processes influenced by the threshold and phase change of freezing point are being altered, hydrological and biogeochemical cycles are shifting, and more regularly human sub-systems are being affected. Importantly, the patterns, magnitude and mechanisms of change have sometimes been unpredictable or difficult to isolate due to compounding factors. In almost every discipline represented, we show how the biocomplexity of the Arctic system has highlighted and challenged a paucity of integrated scientific knowledge, the lack of sustained observational and experimental time series, and the technical and logistic constraints of researching the Arctic environment. This study supports ongoing efforts to strengthen the interdisciplinarity of arctic system science and improve the coupling of large scale experimental manipulation with sustained time series observations by incorporating and integrating novel technologies, remote sensing and modeling. ?? 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In central Maine, United States, this type of magmatism is first apparent in the Early Devonian West Branch Volcanics and equivalent mafic volcanics, in the slightly younger voluminous mafic/silicic magmatic event of the Moxie Gabbro-Katahdin batholith and related ignimbrite volcanism, and in other Early Devonian granitic plutons. Similar lower-plate collisional sequences with mafic and related silicic magmatism probably caused by slab breakoff are seen in the Miocene-Holocene Papuan orogen, and the Hercynian-Alleghenian belt. Magmatism of this type is significant because it gives evidence in those examples of whole-lithosphere extension. We infer that normal fault systems in outer trench slopes of collisional orogens in general, and possibly those of oceanic subduction zones, may not be primarily due to flexural bending, but are also driven by whole-lithosphere extension due to slab pull. 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[No abstract available]

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