{"pageNumber":"2607","pageRowStart":"65150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184606,"records":[{"id":70029545,"text":"70029545 - 2005 - Assembling an ignimbrite: Compositionally defined eruptive packages in the 1912 Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes ignimbrite, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-02T11:10:44","indexId":"70029545","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assembling an ignimbrite: Compositionally defined eruptive packages in the 1912 Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes ignimbrite, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 1912 Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) ignimbrite was constructed from 9 compositionally distinct, sequentially emplaced packages, each with distinct proportions of rhyolite (R), dacite (D), and andesite (A) pumices that permit us to map package boundaries and flow paths from vent to distal extents. Changing pumice proportions and interbedding relationships link ignimbrite formation to coeval fall deposition during the first ∼16 h (Episode I) of the eruption. Pumice compositional proportions in the ignimbrite were estimated by counts on ≥100 lapilli at multiple levels in vertical sections wherever accessible and more widely over most of the ignimbrite surface in the VTTS. The initial, 100% rhyolite ignimbrite package (equivalent to regional fall Layer A and occupying ∼3.5 h) was followed by packages with increasing proportions of andesite, then dacite, emplaced over ∼12.5 h and equivalent to regional fall Layers B1-B3. Coeval fall deposits are locally intercalated with the ignimbrite and show parallel changes in R:D (rhyolite:dacite) proportions, but lack significant amounts of andesite. Andesite was thus dominantly a low-fountaining component in the eruption column and is preferentially represented in packages filling the VTTS north of the vent. The most extensive packages (3 and 4) occur in B1 and early B2 times where flow mobility and volume were optimized; earlier all-rhyolite flows (Package 1) were highly energetic but less voluminous, while later packages (5-9) were both less voluminous and emplaced at lower velocities. Package boundaries are expressed as one or more of the following: sharp color changes corresponding to compositional variations; persistent finer-grained basal parts of flow units; compaction swales filled by later packages; erosional channels cut by the flows that fill them; lobate accumulations of one package; and (mostly south of the vent) intercalated fall deposit layers. Clear flow-unit boundaries are best developed between ignimbrite of non-successive packages, indicating time breaks of tens of minutes to hours. Less well-defined stratification may represent rapidly emplaced successive flow units but often changes over short distances and indicates variations in localized depositional conditions.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25621.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Fierstein, J., and Wilson, C.J., 2005, Assembling an ignimbrite: Compositionally defined eruptive packages in the 1912 Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes ignimbrite, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 7-8, p. 1094-1107, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25621.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1094","endPage":"1107","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210849,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25621.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.7586669921875,\n              58.33184616335256\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35491943359375,\n              58.33184616335256\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35491943359375,\n              58.51234832198017\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.7586669921875,\n              58.51234832198017\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.7586669921875,\n              58.33184616335256\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edc5e4b0c8380cd499c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fierstein, J.","contributorId":67666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, C. J. N.","contributorId":22096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029666,"text":"70029666 - 2005 - Effects of urban development in the Puget Lowland, Washington, on interannual streamflow patterns: Consequences for channel form and streambed disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:12:36","indexId":"70029666","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of urban development in the Puget Lowland, Washington, on interannual streamflow patterns: Consequences for channel form and streambed disturbance","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recovery and protection of streams in urban areas depend on a comprehensive understanding of how human activities affect stream ecosystems. The hydrologic effects of urban development and the consequences for stream channel form and streambed stability were examined in 16 streams in the Puget Lowland, Washington, using three streamflow metrics that integrate storm‐scale effects of urban development over annual to decadal timescales: the fraction of time that streamflow exceeds the mean streamflow (T</span><sub>Qmean</sub><span>), the coefficient of variation of annual maximum streamflow (CV</span><sub>AMF</sub><span>), and the fraction of time that streamflow exceeds the 0.5‐year flood (T</span><sub>0.5</sub><span>). Urban streams had low interannual variability in annual maximum streamflow and brief duration of frequent high flows, as indicated by significant correlations between road density and both CV</span><sub>AMF</sub><span>and T</span><sub>0.5</sub><span>. The broader distribution of streamflow indicated by T</span><sub>Qmean</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>may be affected by urban development, but differences in T</span><sub>Qmean</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>between streams are also likely a result of other physiographic factors. The increase in the magnitude of frequent high flows due to urban development but not their cumulative duration has important consequences for channel form and bed stability in gravel bed streams because geomorphic equilibrium depends on moderate duration streamflow (e.g., exceeded 10% of the time). Streams with low values of T</span><sub>Qmean</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and T</span><sub>0.5</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>are narrower than expected from hydraulic geometry. Dimensionless boundary shear stress (t*) for the 0.5‐year flood was inversely related to T</span><sub>0.5</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>among the streams, indicating frequent and extensive bed disturbance in streams with low values of T</span><sub>0.5</sub><span>. Although stream channels expand and the size of bed material increases in response to urban streamflow patterns, these adjustments may be insufficient to reestablish the disturbance regime in urban streams because of the differential increase in the magnitude of frequent high flows causing disturbance relative to any changes in longer duration, moderate flows that establish a stable channel.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004097","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C.P., Booth, D.B., and Burges, S.J., 2005, Effects of urban development in the Puget Lowland, Washington, on interannual streamflow patterns: Consequences for channel form and streambed disturbance: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 7, Article W07009; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004097.","productDescription":"Article W07009; 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0820e4b0c8380cd519b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Booth, Derek B.","contributorId":100873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":423733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burges, Stephen J.","contributorId":8567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burges","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029546,"text":"70029546 - 2005 - Mercury in Eastern Kentucky coals: Geologic aspects and possible reduction strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029546","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in Eastern Kentucky coals: Geologic aspects and possible reduction strategies","docAbstract":"Mercury emissions from US coal-fired power plants will be regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) before the end of the decade. Because of this, the control of Hg in coal is important. Control is fundamentally based on the knowledge of the amounts of Hg in mined, beneficiated, and as-fired coal. Eastern Kentucky coals, on a reserve district level, have Hg contents similar to the USA average for coal at mines. Individual coals show greater variation at the bench scale, with Hg enrichment common in the top bench, often associated with enhanced levels of pyritic sulfur. Some of the variation between parts of eastern Kentucky is also based on the position relative to major faults. The Pine Mountain thrust fault appears to be responsible for elemental enrichment, including Hg, in coals on the footwall side of the thrust. Eastern Kentucky coals shipped to power plants in 1999, the year the USEPA requested coal quality information on coal deliveries, indicate that coals shipped from the region have 0.09 ppm Hg, compared to 0.10 ppm for all delivered coals in the USA. On an equal energy basis, and given equal concentrations of Hg, the high volatile bituminous coals from eastern Kentucky would emit less Hg than lower rank coals from other USA regions. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.008","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Hower, J., Eble, C., and Quick, J., 2005, Mercury in Eastern Kentucky coals: Geologic aspects and possible reduction strategies: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 62, no. 4, p. 223-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.008.","startPage":"223","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210874,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.008"},{"id":237928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5406e4b0c8380cd6ce70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quick, J.C.","contributorId":80848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029685,"text":"70029685 - 2005 - Biochemical effects of lead, zinc, and cadmium from mining on fish in the Tri-States district of northeastern Oklahoma, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T14:37:32","indexId":"70029685","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biochemical effects of lead, zinc, and cadmium from mining on fish in the Tri-States district of northeastern Oklahoma, USA","docAbstract":"We assessed the exposure of fish from the Spring and Neosho Rivers in northeast Oklahoma, USA, to lead, zinc, and cadmium from historical mining in the Tri-States Mining District (TSMD). Fish (n = 74) representing six species were collected in October 2001 from six sites on the Spring and Neosho Rivers influenced to differing degrees by mining. Additional samples were obtained from the Big River, a heavily contaminated stream in eastern Missouri, USA, and from reference sites. Blood from each fish was analyzed for Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, and hemoglobin (Hb). Blood also was analyzed for ??-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity. The activity of ALA-D, an enzyme involved in heme synthesis, is inhibited by Pb. Concentrations of Fe and Hb were highly correlated (r = 0.89, p < 0.01) across all species and locations and typically were greater in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) than in other taxa. Concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd typically were greatest in fish from sites most heavily affected by mining and lowest in reference samples. The activity of ALA-D, but not concentrations of Hb or Fe, also differed significantly (p < 0.01) among sites and species. Enzyme activity was lowest in fish from mining-contaminated sites and greatest in reference fish, and was correlated negatively with Pb in most species. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) linear regression models that included negative terms for blood Pb explained as much as 68% of the total variation in ALA-D activity, but differences among taxa were highly evident. Positive correlations with Zn were documented in the combined data for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), as has been reported for other taxa, but not in bass (Micropterus spp.) or carp. In channel catfish, ALA-D activity appeared to be more sensitive to blood Pb than in the other species investigated (i.e., threshold concentrations for inhibition were lower). Such among-species differences are consistent with previous studies. Enzyme activity was inhibited by more than 50% relative to reference sites in channel catfish from several TSMD sites. Collectively, our results indicate that Pb is both bioavailable and active biochemically in the Spring-Neosho River system. ?? 2005 SETAC.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/04-332R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C.J., Whyte, J.J., Brumbaugh, W.G., and Tillitt, D.E., 2005, Biochemical effects of lead, zinc, and cadmium from mining on fish in the Tri-States district of northeastern Oklahoma, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1483-1495, https://doi.org/10.1897/04-332R.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1483","endPage":"1495","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213112,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/04-332R.1"}],"volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f142e4b0c8380cd4ab28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whyte, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":100738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whyte","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029495,"text":"70029495 - 2005 - Selenium in the Blackfoot, Salt, and Bear River Watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T15:45:32","indexId":"70029495","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium in the Blackfoot, Salt, and Bear River Watersheds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nine stream sites in the Blackfoot River, Salt River, and Bear River watersheds in southeast Idaho, USA were sampled in May 2001 for water, surficial sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish. Selenium was measured in these aquatic ecosystem components, and a hazard assessment was performed on the data. Water quality characteristics such as pH, hardness, and specific conductance were relatively uniform among the nine sites. Of the aquatic components assessed, water was the least contaminated with selenium because measured concentrations were below the national water quality criterion of 5 μ g/L at eight of the nine sites. In contrast, selenium was elevated in sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish from several sites, suggesting deposition in sediments and food web cycling through plants and invertebrates. Selenium was elevated to concentrations of concern in fish at eight sites (&gt; 4 μ g/g in whole body). A hazard assessment of selenium in the aquatic environment suggested a moderate hazard at upper Angus Creek (UAC) and Smoky Creek (SC), and high hazard at Little Blackfoot River (LiB), Blackfoot River gaging station (BGS), State Land Creek (SLC), upper (UGC) and lower Georgetown Creek (LGC), Deer Creek (DC), and Crow Creek (CC). The results of this study indicate that selenium concentrations from the phosphate mining area of southeast Idaho were sufficiently elevated in several ecosystem components to cause adverse effects to aquatic resources in southeastern Idaho.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-005-1618-4","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S.J., and Buhl, K., 2005, Selenium in the Blackfoot, Salt, and Bear River Watersheds: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 104, no. 1-3, p. 309-339, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-1618-4.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"339","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210680,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-1618-4"},{"id":237675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cf6e4b08c986b3181e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, S. J.","contributorId":27817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhl, K.J.","contributorId":19728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003598,"text":"1003598 - 2005 - Causes of mortality in sea ducks (Mergini) necropsied at the USGS-National Wildlife Health Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T14:50:26.97927","indexId":"1003598","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causes of mortality in sea ducks (Mergini) necropsied at the USGS-National Wildlife Health Center","docAbstract":"<p><span>A number of factors were identified as causes of mortality in 254 (59%) of 431 sea ducks submitted for necropsy at the USGS-National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin from 1975 until 2003. Bacteria causing large outbreaks of mortality were&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Pasteurella multocida</span></i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Clostridium botulinum</span></i><span>&nbsp;Type E. Starvation was responsible for large mortality events as well as sporadic deaths of individuals. Lead toxicity, gunshot and exposure to petroleum were important anthropogenic factors. Other factors that caused mortality were avian pox virus, bacteria (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Clostridium botulinum</span></i><span>&nbsp;Type C,&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Riemerella anatipestifer</span></i><span>&nbsp;and</span><span class=\"genus-species\"><span>&nbsp;</span><i>Clostridium perfringens</i></span><span>), fungi (</span><span class=\"genus-species\"><i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>and an unidentified fungus), protozoans (unidentified coccidia), nematodes (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Eustrongylides</span></i><span>&nbsp;spp.), trematodes (</span><span class=\"genus-species\"><i>Sphaeridiotrema globulus</i><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>and&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Schistosoma</span></i><span>&nbsp;spp.), acanthocephalans (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Polymorphus</span></i><span>&nbsp;spp.), predation, cyanide and trauma (probably due to collisions). There were also a number of novel infectious organisms in free-living sea ducks in North America, which were incidental to the death, including avipoxvirus and reovirus, bacteria&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium avium</span></i><span>, protozoans&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Sarcocystis</span></i><span>&nbsp;sp. and nematodes&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Streptocara</span></i><span>&nbsp;sp. Apart from anthropogenic factors, the other important mortality factors listed here have not been studied as possible causes for the decline of sea ducks in North America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0193:COMISD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Skerratt, L., Franson, J.C., Meteyer, C.U., and Hollmén, T., 2005, Causes of mortality in sea ducks (Mergini) necropsied at the USGS-National Wildlife Health Center: Waterbirds, v. 28, no. 2, p. 193-207, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0193:COMISD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70186638,"text":"70186638 - 2005 - Emperor Goose Anser canagicus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-28T13:00:10","indexId":"70186638","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5366,"text":"Bird Families of the World","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"displayTitle":"Emperor Goose <i>Anser canagicus</i>","title":"Emperor Goose Anser canagicus","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ducks, geese, and swans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","isbn":"9780198546450","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., 2005, Emperor Goose Anser canagicus, chap. <i>of</i> Ducks, geese, and swans: Bird Families of the World, v. 1, p. 293-297.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/ducks-geese-and-swans-9780198546450?lang=en&cc=us#"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75402e4b09da6799c0c6e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kear, Janet","contributorId":111746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kear","given":"Janet","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690131,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027680,"text":"70027680 - 2005 - Can we estimate total magnetization directions from aeromagnetic data using Helbig's integrals?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-02T16:03:18.204151","indexId":"70027680","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can we estimate total magnetization directions from aeromagnetic data using Helbig's integrals?","docAbstract":"<p><span>An algorithm that implements Helbig’s (1963) integrals for estimating the vector components (</span><i>m</i><sub>x</sub><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>m</i><sub>y</sub><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>m</i><sub>z</sub><span>) of the magnetic dipole moment from the first order moments of the vector magnetic field components (Δ</span><i>X</i><span>, Δ</span><i>Y</i><span>, Δ</span><i>Z</i><span>) is tested on real and synthetic data. After a grid of total field aeromagnetic data is converted to vector component grids using Fourier filtering, Helbig’s infinite integrals are evaluated as finite integrals in small moving windows using a quadrature algorithm based on the 2-D trapezoidal rule. Prior to integration, best-fit planar surfaces must be removed from the component data within the data windows in order to make the results independent of the coordinate system origin. Two different approaches are described for interpreting the results of the integration. In the “direct” method, results from pairs of different window sizes are compared to identify grid nodes where the angular difference between solutions is small. These solutions provide valid estimates of total magnetization directions for compact sources such as spheres or dipoles, but not for horizontally elongated or 2-D sources. In the “indirect” method, which is more forgiving of source geometry, results of the quadrature analysis are scanned for solutions that are parallel to a specified total magnetization direction.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/BF03351848","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., 2005, Can we estimate total magnetization directions from aeromagnetic data using Helbig's integrals?: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 57, no. 8, p. 681-689, https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03351848.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"681","endPage":"689","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/bf03351848","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f33be4b0c8380cd4b69f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":127453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70161789,"text":"70161789 - 2005 - Chronic boat strike and polycyctic kidneys in a free-ranging Florida manatee (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T10:01:52","indexId":"70161789","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Chronic boat strike and polycyctic kidneys in a free-ranging Florida manatee (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the International Association for Aquatic Animal Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"36th Annual Conference of the International Association for Aquatic Animal Medicine","conferenceDate":"May 14-18, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Seward, AK","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Aquatic Animal Medicine","usgsCitation":"Rember, R., Harr, K., Ginn, P.E., Lightsey, J., Keller, M., Bonde, R., and Reid, J., 2005, Chronic boat strike and polycyctic kidneys in a free-ranging Florida manatee (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i>), <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the International Association for Aquatic Animal Medicine, v. 36, Seward, AK, May 14-18, 2005.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568e48e9e4b0e7a44bc418b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rember, Renee","contributorId":97633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rember","given":"Renee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harr, K.","contributorId":84693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harr","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginn, Pamela E.","contributorId":13748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginn","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lightsey, Jessica","contributorId":69709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsey","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keller, M.","contributorId":149251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keller","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonde, R. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":81042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reid, J.","contributorId":42542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70189665,"text":"70189665 - 2005 - Linkages between climate, growth, competition at sea and production of sockeye salmon populations in Bristol Bay, 1955-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:06:11","indexId":"70189665","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Linkages between climate, growth, competition at sea and production of sockeye salmon populations in Bristol Bay, 1955-2000","docAbstract":"<p>Bristol Bay, Alaska, supports one of the largest and most valuable salmon fisheries in the world. Salmon abundance in Bristol Bay and other northern areas more than doubled after the 1976–77 marine climate shift. However, in 1997–98, a major El Niño event led to unusual oceanographic conditions and Bristol Bay sockeye salmon production was unexpectedly low. Nevertheless, the effect of climate on biological mechanisms leading to greater salmon survival and production are poorly understood. In order to test several hypotheses linking climate to salmon growth, interspecific and intraspecific competition, and salmon production, we measured annual marine and freshwater scale growth of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon, 1955 to 2000. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the open science meeting study of environmental Arctic change (SEARCH)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Open Science Meeting: Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH)","conferenceDate":"October 27-30, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J.L., and Ruggerone, G.T., 2005, Linkages between climate, growth, competition at sea and production of sockeye salmon populations in Bristol Bay, 1955-2000, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the open science meeting study of environmental Arctic change (SEARCH), Seattle, WA, October 27-30, 2003, p. 198-198.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"198","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.arcus.org/search-program/products"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bristol Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fdfe4b0d1f9f065ab1a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Behr, Sarah","contributorId":20479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behr","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34108,"text":"Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S. (ARCUS)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705688,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiggins, Helen","contributorId":104416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiggins","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34108,"text":"Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S. (ARCUS)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705689,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"York, Alison","contributorId":99067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"York","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34108,"text":"Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S. (ARCUS)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705693,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggerone, Gregory T.","contributorId":48068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggerone","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70161786,"text":"70161786 - 2005 - Prey vulnerability to peacock cichlids and largemouth bass based on predator gape and prey body depth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T09:47:10","indexId":"70161786","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3896,"text":"Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prey vulnerability to peacock cichlids and largemouth bass based on predator gape and prey body depth","docAbstract":"<p><span>The interaction of prey fish body depth and predator gape size may produce prey assemblages dominated by invulnerable prey and excessive prey-to-predator biomass ratios. Peacock cichlids (Cichla ocellaris) were stocked into southeast Florida canals to consume excess prey fish biomass, particularly spotted tilapia (Tilapia mariae). The ecomorphologically similar largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) was already present in the canals. We present relations of length-specific gape size for peacock cichlids and largemouth bass. Both predators have broadly overlapping gape size, but largemouth bass ?126 mm total length have slightly larger gape sizes than peacock cichlids of the same length. Also, we experimentally tested the predictions of maximum prey size for peacock cichlids and determined that a simple method of measuring gape size used for largemouth bass also is appropriate for peacock cichlids. Lastly, we determined relations of body depth and length of prey species to investigate relative vulnerability. Using a simple predator-prey model and length frequencies of predators and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus), and spotted tilapia prey, we documented that much of the prey biomass in southeast Florida canals is unavailable for largemouth bass and peacock cichlid predation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Hill, J., Nico, L.G., Cichra, C.E., and Gilbert, C.R., 2005, Prey vulnerability to peacock cichlids and largemouth bass based on predator gape and prey body depth: Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 58, p. 47-56.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science 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E.","contributorId":152065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cichra","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilbert, Carter R.","contributorId":7667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Carter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029090,"text":"70029090 - 2005 - Multi-decadal impacts of grazing on soil physical and biogeochemical properties in southeast Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-02T16:54:55.499367","indexId":"70029090","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-decadal impacts of grazing on soil physical and biogeochemical properties in southeast Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many soils in southeastern Utah are protected from surface disturbance by biological soil crusts that stabilize soils and reduce erosion by wind and water. When these crusts are disturbed by land use, soils become susceptible to erosion. In this study, we compare a never-grazed grassland in Canyonlands National Park with two historically grazed sites with similar geologic, geomorphic, and geochemical characteristics that were grazed from the late 1800s until 1974. We show that, despite almost 30 years without livestock grazing, surface soils in the historically grazed sites have 38–43% less silt, as well as 14– 51% less total elemental soil Mg, Na, P, and Mn content relative to soils never exposed to livestock disturbances. Using magnetic measurement of soil magnetite content (a proxy for the stabilization of far-traveled eolian dust) we suggest that the differences in Mg, Na, P, and Mn are related to wind erosion of soil fine particles after the historical disturbance by livestock grazing. Historical grazing may also lead to changes in soil organic matter content including declines of 60–70% in surface soil C and N relative to the never-grazed sites. Collectively, the differences in soil C and N content and the evidence for substantial rock-derived nutrient loss to wind erosion implies that livestock grazing could have long-lasting effects on the soil fertility of native grasslands in this part of southeastern Utah. This study suggests that nutrient loss due to wind erosion of soils should be a consideration for management decisions related to the long-term sustainability of grazing operations in arid environments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/04-0268","usgsCitation":"Neff, J.C., Reynolds, R.L., Belnap, J., and Lamothe, P.J., 2005, Multi-decadal impacts of grazing on soil physical and biogeochemical properties in southeast Utah: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 1, p. 87-95, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0268.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Needles district of Canyonlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.05828857421875,\n              37.97343243999255\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.67514038085936,\n              37.97343243999255\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.67514038085936,\n              38.285624966683756\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.05828857421875,\n              38.285624966683756\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.05828857421875,\n              37.97343243999255\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb0e4b0c8380cd7109e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neff, Jason C.","contributorId":34813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":421289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70195844,"text":"70195844 - 2005 - A preliminary evaluation of nutrient and ground-water fluxes to the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T16:23:36","indexId":"70195844","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A preliminary evaluation of nutrient and ground-water fluxes to the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Water Resources Research Institute, 8th Annual Conference","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Spruill, T.B., Bratton, J.F., Crusius, J., Wrege, B.M., and Strickland, G., 2005, A preliminary evaluation of nutrient and ground-water fluxes to the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, Water Resources Research Institute, 8th Annual Conference.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Neuse River Estuary","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0451e4b0da30c1bfcd04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spruill, Timothy B.","contributorId":51724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spruill","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bratton, John F. 0000-0003-0376-4981 jbratton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0376-4981","contributorId":92757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"John","email":"jbratton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wrege, Beth M.","contributorId":53007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wrege","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Strickland, G.","contributorId":116741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strickland","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70195446,"text":"70195446 - 2005 - Wilcox group coal-bed methane in north-central Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T15:21:33","indexId":"70195446","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wilcox group coal-bed methane in north-central Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p><span>Significant coal-bed gas resources may exist in subsurface Wilcox Group (Paleocene-Eocene) coal beds that are found across much of north-central Louisiana. About a dozen wells recently completed in Wilcox Group coal zones in this area have an initial production that ranges from 7 to 229 thousand cubic feet (Mcf) of gas per day. Production of saline water from these wells ranges from 0 to 550 barrels (bbls) per day. Depth to the targeted Wilcox coal beds, which have a maximum thickness of about 20 ft, ranges from 1,500 to 5,000 ft. The thickest coal beds tend to be in the lower Wilcox coal zone. Cumulative Wilcox coal thickness can exceed 100 ft. Measured gas content of the coal beds ranges from less than 40 standard cubic ft per ton (scf/t, raw basis; or 65 scf/t dry, ash free basis, daf) at depths less than 1,600 ft, to greater than 158 scf/t (213 scf/t daf) in deeper (&gt;2,700 ft) parts of the basin. Although geochemical and petrographic data from Wilcox Group coals from across the region show that the coal beds are lignite in rank at depths less than about 350 ft, they reach a rank of subbituminous B, or greater, at depths of approximately 2,500 ft. Preliminary gas isotope data indicate that Wilcox coal gas originated from the microbial reduction of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and that, in some places, these gases may be mixed with migrated thermal gases.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","usgsCitation":"Breland, F.C., and Warwick, P.D., 2005, Wilcox group coal-bed methane in north-central Louisiana: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 55, p. 39-46.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"46","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351669,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/055/055001/39_gcags550039.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Louisiana","volume":"55","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0451e4b0da30c1bfcd06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breland, F. Clayton Jr.","contributorId":43842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breland","given":"F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clayton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027349,"text":"70027349 - 2005 - Suspended sediment fluxes in a tidal wetland: Measurement, controlling factors, and error analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-24T11:38:56","indexId":"70027349","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended sediment fluxes in a tidal wetland: Measurement, controlling factors, and error analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Suspended sediment fluxes to and from tidal wetlands are of increasing concern because of habitat restoration efforts, wetland sustainability as sea level rises, and potential contaminant accumulation. We measured water and sediment fluxes through two channels on Browns Island, at the landward end of San Francisco Bay, United States, to determine the factors that control sediment fluxes on and off the island. In situ instrumentation was deployed between October 10 and November 13, 2003. Acoustic Doppler current profilers and the index velocity method were employed to calculate water fluxes. Suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) were determined with optical sensors and cross-sectional water sampling. All procedures were analyzed for their contribution to total error in the flux measurement. The inability to close the water balance and determination of constituent concentration were identified as the main sources of error; total error was 27% for net sediment flux. The water budget for the island was computed, with an unaccounted input of 0.20 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(22% of mean inflow), after considering channel flow, change in water storage, evapotranspiration, and precipitation. The net imbalance may be a combination of groundwater seepage, overland flow, and flow through minor channels. Change of island water storage, caused by local variations in water surface elevation, dominated the tidally averaged water flux. These variations were mainly caused by wind and barometric pressure change, which alter regional water levels throughout the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Peak instantaneous ebb flow was 35% greater than peak flood flow, indicating an ebbdominant system, though dominance varied with the spring-neap cycle. SSC were controlled by wind-wave resuspension adjacent to the island and local tidal currents that mobilized sediment from the channel bed. During neap tides sediment was imported onto the island but during spring tides sediment was exported because the main channel became ebb dominant. Over the 34-d monitoring period 14,000 kg of suspended sediment were imported through the two channels. The water imbalance may affect the sediment balance if the unmeasured water transport pathways are capable of transporting large amounts of sediment. We estimate a maximum of 2,800 kg of sediment may have been exported through unmeasured pathways, giving a minimum ent import of 11,200 kg. Sediment flux measurements provide insight on tidal to fortnightly marsh sedimentation processes, especially in complex systems where sedimentation is spatially and temporally variable.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02696011","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., Schoellhamer, D., and Bergamaschi, B., 2005, Suspended sediment fluxes in a tidal wetland: Measurement, controlling factors, and error analysis: Estuaries, v. 28, no. 6, p. 812-822, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02696011.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"812","endPage":"822","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Browns Island, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.88507080078125,\n              38.02213147353745\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.80679321289062,\n              38.02213147353745\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.80679321289062,\n              38.064311140919\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88507080078125,\n              38.064311140919\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88507080078125,\n              38.02213147353745\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba303e4b08c986b31fb06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008378,"text":"1008378 - 2005 - Puncture-ejection of own egg by Least Bell's Vireo and potential implications for anti-parasitism defense","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T15:30:53","indexId":"1008378","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3743,"text":"Western Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Puncture-ejection of own egg by Least Bell's Vireo and potential implications for anti-parasitism defense","docAbstract":"A simple, papillary cystic adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland with metastases to the internal iliac and mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen was observed in a 12 to 13 year old female black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). Histologically, the tumor was aggressive, and lymphatic invasion was found. Attempts at virus isolation were negative. Other findings were bilateral infarcts in the kidneys, apparently resulting in acute renal shutdown and death, multiple thrombi in the right atrium, aortic arteriosclerosis, and focal interstitial pneumonia.","language":"English","publisher":"Western Field Ornithologists","usgsCitation":"Sharp, B.L., Peterson, B.L., and Kus, B., 2005, Puncture-ejection of own egg by Least Bell's Vireo and potential implications for anti-parasitism defense: Western Birds, v. 36, p. 64-66.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328997,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernfieldornithologists.org/archive/V36/journal-36-1.php"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655bba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharp, Bryan L.","contributorId":174931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharp","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Bonnie L.","contributorId":174932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kus, Barbara E. 0000-0002-3679-3044 barbara_kus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3679-3044","contributorId":3026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"Barbara E.","email":"barbara_kus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029606,"text":"70029606 - 2005 - Evaluation on determination of iodine in coal by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029606","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1754,"text":"Geochemical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation on determination of iodine in coal by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence","docAbstract":"A quick and inexpensive method of relative high iodine determination from coal samples was evaluated. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) provided a detection limit of about 14 ppm (3 times of standard deviations of the blank sample), without any complex sample preparation. An analytical relative standard deviation of 16% was readily attainable for coal samples. Under optimum conditions, coal samples with iodine concentrations higher than 5 ppm can be determined using this EDXRF method. For the time being, due to the general iodine concentrations of coal samples lower than 5 ppm, except for some high iodine content coal, this method can not effectively been used for iodine determination. More work needed to meet the requirement of determination of iodine from coal samples for this method. Copyright ?? 2005 by The Geochemical Society of Japan.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemical Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2343/geochemj.39.391","issn":"00167002","usgsCitation":"Wang, B., Jackson, J., Palmer, C., Zheng, B., and Finkelman, R.B., 2005, Evaluation on determination of iodine in coal by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence: Geochemical Journal, v. 39, no. 4, p. 391-394, https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.39.391.","startPage":"391","endPage":"394","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477917,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.39.391","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210710,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.39.391"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d0be4b0c8380cd52dcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, B.","contributorId":29011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, J.C.","contributorId":104503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmer, C.","contributorId":40234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zheng, B.","contributorId":51489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027617,"text":"70027617 - 2005 - Incubation length of dabbling ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T15:22:08.639345","indexId":"70027617","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incubation length of dabbling ducks","docAbstract":"<p><span>We collected unincubated eggs from wild Mallard (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>), Gadwall (</span><i>A. strepera</i><span>), Blue-winged Teal (</span><i>A. discors</i><span>), and Northern Shoveler (</span><i>A. clypeata</i><span>) nests and artificially incubated them at 37.5°C. Average incubation lengths of Mallard, Gadwall, and Northern Shoveler eggs did not differ from their wild-nesting counterparts, but artificially incubated Blue-winged Teal eggs required an additional 1.7 days to hatch, suggesting that wild-nesting teal incubated more effectively. A small sample of Mallard, Gadwall, and Northern Shoveler eggs artificially incubated at 38.3°C hatched 1 day sooner, indicating that incubation temperature affected incubation length. Mean incubation length of Blue-winged Teal declined by 1 day for each 11-day delay in nesting, but we found no such seasonal decline among Mallards, Gadwalls, or Northern Shovelers. There is no obvious explanation for the seasonal reduction in incubation length for Blue-winged Teal eggs incubated in a constant environment, and the phenomenon deserves further study.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/107.4.926","usgsCitation":"Wells-Berlin, A.M., Prince, H.H., and Arnold, T.W., 2005, Incubation length of dabbling ducks: Condor, v. 107, no. 4, p. 926-929, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.4.926.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"929","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":491724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.4.926","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a0ee4b0c8380cd61b29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells-Berlin, Alicia M. 0000-0002-5275-3077","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-3077","contributorId":10918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells-Berlin","given":"Alicia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prince, H. H.","contributorId":82822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prince","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arnold, Todd W.","contributorId":36058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":414375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031583,"text":"70031583 - 2005 - Burrowing owl nesting productivity: A comparison between artificial and natural burrows on and off golf courses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T13:22:58.610855","indexId":"70031583","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Burrowing owl nesting productivity: A comparison between artificial and natural burrows on and off golf courses","docAbstract":"<p><span>Burrowing owl (</span><i>Athene cunicularia</i><span>) populations are declining in many portions of their range, and lack of suitable nesting burrows is thought to be one reason for observed declines. Burrowing owls are attracted to golf courses because the birds generally nest and forage in short-grass, open areas, yet golf courses seldom have suitable nesting burrows. We examined the efficacy of installing artificial nesting burrows on golf courses as a way to help restore local burrowing owl populations. From 2001–2004 we monitored over 175 natural burrows off golf courses, 14 natural burrows on golf courses, 86 artificial burrows off golf courses, and 130 artificial burrows on golf courses. Owls located and used 8 of the 130 artificial burrows installed on golf courses (4 were used as nests). Owls selected burrows that were closer to existing natural burrows, farther from maintained areas (areas receiving turf maintenance by golf course staff), and farther from sprinkler heads. All 4 of the artificial burrows used as nests successfully fledged young, and annual site fidelity for owls nesting on golf courses was higher than for owls nesting off golf courses. However, annual fecundity of owls nesting on golf courses was lower than that of owls nesting off golf courses. If golf courses have sufficiently large nonmaintained areas and there are nesting owls nearby, course managers potentially can help in restoring local burrowing owl populations by installing artificial nesting burrows on the periphery of the course. However, the low fecundity on golf courses reported here should be more thoroughly examined before artificial burrows are used to attract owls to golf courses.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[454:BONPAC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Smith, M.D., Conway, C.J., and Ellis, L., 2005, Burrowing owl nesting productivity: A comparison between artificial and natural burrows on and off golf courses: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 2, p. 454-462, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[454:BONPAC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"454","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2bbe4b0c8380cd4b315","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, L. A.","contributorId":51540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"L. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1016615,"text":"1016615 - 2005 - Causes of wolf depredation increase in Minnesota from 1979-1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T13:39:05.904274","indexId":"1016615","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causes of wolf depredation increase in Minnesota from 1979-1998","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wolf (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>) depredations on livestock in Minnesota have been increasing over the last 20 years. A major explanation cited for this increase is wolf range expansion, but no studies have tested this explanation. Additional reasons could include 1) wolf colonization of new areas within long-existing wolf range, 2) learning by wolves in established range, and 3) increased wolf density. We did not assess increasing wolf density as a factor because estimated wolf density in Minnesota has not increased. To assess how each of the other factors might have affected depredations, we created and analyzed a database of Minnesota's 923 verified depredations at 435 farms. We graphed the numbers of verified depredations and the number of farms with verified depredations to assess temporal trends and used ArcView GIS software to assess spatial relationships of the depredations. All 3 factors tested (colonization, range expansion, and learning) seemed to have contributed to wolf depredation increase. However, the proportion of depredations occurring due to wolf range expansion increased from 20% in 1989 to 48% in 1998.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[888:COWDIM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Harper, E.K., Paul, W., and Mech, L., 2005, Causes of wolf depredation increase in Minnesota from 1979-1998: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, p. 888-896, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[888:COWDIM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"888","endPage":"896","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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K.","contributorId":19113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paul, W.J.","contributorId":60579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L. David","contributorId":66609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008395,"text":"1008395 - 2005 - Effects of multiple predator species on green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) tadpoles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T10:17:05","indexId":"1008395","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of multiple predator species on green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) tadpoles","docAbstract":"<p><span>Prey species that occur across a range of habitats may be exposed to variable communities of multiple predator species across habitats. Predicting the combined effects of multiple predators can be complex. Many experiments evaluating the effects of multiple predators on prey confound either variation in predator density with predator identity or variation in relative predator frequency with overall predation rates. We develop a new experimental design of factorial predator combinations that maintains a constant expected predation rate, under the null hypothesis of additive predator effects. We implement this design to evaluate the combined effects of three predator species (bass, aeshnid and libellulid odonate naiads) on mortality rate of a prey species,&nbsp;</span><i>Hyla cinerea</i><span>&nbsp;(Schneider, 1799) tadpoles, that occurs across a range of aquatic habitats. Two predator treatments (libellulid and aeshnid + libellulid) resulted in lower tadpole mortality than any of the other predator treatments. Variation in tadpole mortality across treatments was not related to coarse variation in microhabitat use, but was likely due to intraguild predation, which occurred in all predator treatments.&nbsp;</span><i>Hyla cinerea</i><span>&nbsp;tadpoles have constant, low survival values when exposed to many different combinations of predator species, and predation rate probably increases linearly with predator density.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Researh Press","doi":"10.1139/z05-093","usgsCitation":"Gunzburger, M., and Travis, J., 2005, Effects of multiple predator species on green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) tadpoles: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 83, no. 7, p. 996-1002, https://doi.org/10.1139/z05-093.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"996","endPage":"1002","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ebd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunzburger, M. S.","contributorId":103999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunzburger","given":"M. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Travis, J.","contributorId":104452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028188,"text":"70028188 - 2005 - Effects of spinning-wing decoys on flock behavior and hunting vulnerability of mallards in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028188","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of spinning-wing decoys on flock behavior and hunting vulnerability of mallards in Minnesota","docAbstract":"Waterfowl managers in Minnesota and other states are concerned that increased kill rates associated with the use of spinning-wing decoys (SWDs) may negatively affect local breeding populations of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Accordingly, we conducted 219 experimental hunts to evaluate hunting vulnerability of mallards to SWDs during the 2002 duck season in Minnesota. During each hunt, we tested 2 SWD treatments: 1) SWDs turned OFF (control), and 2) SWDs turned ON (experimental) during alternate 15-minute sampling periods that were separated by 5-minute buffer periods. We found that mallard flocks (???1 duck) were 2.91 times more likely to respond (i.e., approach within 40 m of hunters), and sizes of responding mallard flocks were 1.25 times larger, on average, when SWDs were turned ON than OFF. Mallards killed/hour/hunter/hunt averaged 4.71 times higher (P < 0.001) when SWDs were turned ON than OFF. More hatch-year (HY) and after-hatch-year (AHY) mallards were killed when SWDs were turned ON than OFF; however, AHYs were relatively less likely than were HYs to be killed with SWDs turned ON. We found no evidence that SWDs reduced crippling or allowed hunters to harvest relatively more drakes than hens. Using a worst-case scenario model, we predicted that if 47% and 79% of Minnesota hunters had used SWDs in 2000 and 2002, respectively, Minnesota mallard harvests would have increased by a factor of 2. However, increasing use of SWDs by northern hunters may result in a partial redistribution of annual mallard harvests if nai??ve ducks are harvested upon initial exposures to SWDs, and those ducks that survive become habituated to SWDs, as suggested by our results. Our study was confined to a single hunting season in Minnesota and thus did not assess whether vulnerability of mallards to hunters using SWDs varied among years or geographically. A multi-year, flyway-wide study is needed to make stronger and more rigorous inferences regarding potential changes in harvest distribution and annual harvest rates of mallards due to increasing use of SWDs by hunters in North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[993:EOSDOF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Szymanski, M., and Afton, A., 2005, Effects of spinning-wing decoys on flock behavior and hunting vulnerability of mallards in Minnesota: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 3, p. 993-1001, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[993:EOSDOF]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"993","endPage":"1001","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210179,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[993:EOSDOF]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07d8e4b0c8380cd5187d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szymanski, M.L.","contributorId":8662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szymanski","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028192,"text":"70028192 - 2005 - Aminobacter ciceronei sp. nov. and Aminobacter lissarensis sp. nov., isolated from various terrestrial environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:30:23","indexId":"70028192","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2076,"text":"International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aminobacter ciceronei sp. nov. and Aminobacter lissarensis sp. nov., isolated from various terrestrial environments","docAbstract":"<p>The&nbsp;<span>bacterial strains IMB-1</span><span class=\"jp-sup\">T</span><span>&nbsp;and CC495</span><span class=\"jp-sup\">T</span><span>, which are capable of growth on methyl chloride (CH</span><span class=\"jp-sub\">3</span><span>Cl, chloromethane) and methyl bromide (CH</span><span class=\"jp-sub\">3</span><span>Br, bromomethane), were isolated from agricultural soil in California fumigated with CH</span><span class=\"jp-sub\">3</span><span>Br, and woodland soil in Northern Ireland, respectively. Two pesticide-/herbicide-degrading bacteria, strains ER2 and C147, were isolated from agricultural soil in Canada. Strain ER2 degrades&nbsp;</span><span class=\"jp-italic\">N</span><span>-methyl carbamate insecticides, and strain C147 degrades triazine herbicides widely used in agriculture. On the basis of their morphological, physiological and genotypic characteristics, these four strains are considered to represent two novel species of the genus&nbsp;</span><span class=\"jp-italic\">Aminobacter</span><span>, for which the names&nbsp;</span><span class=\"jp-italic\">Aminobacter ciceronei</span><span>&nbsp;sp. nov. (type strain IMB-1</span><span class=\"jp-sup\">T</span><span>=ATCC 202197</span><span class=\"jp-sup\">T</span><span>=CIP 108660</span><span class=\"jp-sup\">T</span><span>=CCUG 50580</span><span class=\"jp-sup\">T</span><span>; strains ER2 and C147) and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"jp-italic\">Aminobacter lissarensis</span><span>&nbsp;sp. nov. (type strain CC495</span><span class=\"jp-sup\">T</span><span>=NCIMB 13798</span><span class=\"jp-sup\">T</span><span>=CIP 108661</span><span class=\"jp-sup\">T</span><span>=CCUG 50579</span><span class=\"jp-sup\">T</span><span>) are proposed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Microbiology Society ","doi":"10.1099/ijs.0.63716-0","issn":"14665026","usgsCitation":"McDonald, I., Kampfer, P., Topp, E., Warner, K., Cox, M., Connell, H.T., Miller, L., Larkin, M., Ducrocq, V., Coulter, C., Harper, D., Murrell, J., and Oremland, R., 2005, Aminobacter ciceronei sp. nov. and Aminobacter lissarensis sp. nov., isolated from various terrestrial environments: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, v. 55, no. 5, p. 1827-1832, https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63716-0.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1827","endPage":"1832","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477815,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:baf9e3e5-d554-4215-903e-a299daaddb57","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210233,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63716-0"}],"volume":"55","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9bce4b0c8380cd48400","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, I.R.","contributorId":23313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kampfer, P.","contributorId":51525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kampfer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Topp, E.","contributorId":51526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topp","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warner, K.L.","contributorId":73781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cox, M.J.","contributorId":22562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Connell, Hancock T.L.","contributorId":9418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connell","given":"Hancock","email":"","middleInitial":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Larkin, M.J.","contributorId":103856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larkin","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ducrocq, V.","contributorId":33913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ducrocq","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Coulter, C.","contributorId":64875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coulter","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Harper, D.B.","contributorId":76506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Murrell, J.C.","contributorId":25731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murrell","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70028238,"text":"70028238 - 2005 - Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028238","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"In 1993 several baselines of the two-color electronic distance meter (EDM) network at Parkfield, California, deviated from their long-term rates, coincident with anomalous observations from nearby strain meters and a creep meter, as well as an increase in microseismicity. Between October 1992 and December 1994, three M ??? 4.5 earthquakes occurred beneath Middle Mountain, near the hypocenter of the 1934 and 1966 Parkfield M6 events. We analyzed the two-color EDM data using a Kalman-filtering based technique to image the spatiotemporal evolution of slip on the fault at Parkfield between the mid-1980s and 2003. This method accounts for localized random walk motion of the geodetic monuments and a prominent seasonal signal that affects many baselines. We find that a slip rate increase occurred between January 1993 and July 1996 on the upper 8 km of the fault near Middle Mountain. The peak estimated slip rate during this time was 49 mm/yr, which exceeds the long-term geologic rate of ???35 mm/yr. The slip rate evolution appears episodic, with an initial modest increase after the M4.3 earthquake and a much larger jump following the shallower M4.7 event in December 1994. This temporal correlation between inferred slip and seismicity suggests that the moderate earthquakes triggered the aseismic fault slip. The EDM data cannot resolve whether transient slip propagated across the nucleation zone of the 1934 and 1966 M6 Parkfield earthquakes. However, transient slip and its associated stress release in the hypocentral area of previous Parkfield events is consistent with the nucleation of the 2004 M6 Parkfield earthquake elsewhere on the fault. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003651","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Murray, J., and Segall, P., 2005, Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 9, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003651.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003651"},{"id":237304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94cde4b08c986b31ac59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, J.R.","contributorId":39179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028183,"text":"70028183 - 2005 - Geochemistry of speleothem records from southern Illinois: Development of (234U)/(238U) as a proxy for paleoprecipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028183","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of speleothem records from southern Illinois: Development of (234U)/(238U) as a proxy for paleoprecipitation","docAbstract":"Natural waters universally show fractionation of uranium series (U-series) parent-daughter pairs, with the disequilibrium between 234U and 238U (234U)/(238U) commonly used as a tracer of groundwater flow. Because speleothems provide a temporal record of geochemical variations in groundwater precipitating calcite, (234U)/(238U) variations in speleothems provide a unique method of investigating water-rock interaction processes over millennium time scales. We present high precision Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometric (TIMS) U-series analyses of speleothems and drip waters from Fogelpole Cave in southern Illinois. Data from all speleothems from the cave show an inverse correlation between (234U)/(238U) and U concentration, following the pattern observed in groundwaters globally. Within a 65-cm-long stalagmite, concordant 234U-238 U-230Th and 235U-231Pa ages for 5 samples indicate accurate chronology from 78.5 ka to 30 ka. Notably, (234U)/(238U)o which differs from most speleothems by having (234U)/(238U)o <1, positively correlates with speleothem growth rate. We generalize this to the observation that speleothems globally show (234U)/ (238U)o deviating farther from secular equilibrium at lower growth rates and approaching secular equilibrium at higher grow rates. Based on the Fogelpole observations, we suggest that groundwater (234U)/(238U) is controlled by the U oxidation state, the U concentration of the water and the fluid velocity. A transport model whereby U-series nuclides react and exchange with mineral surfaces can reproduce the observed trend between growth rate and (234U)/(238U)o. Based on this result, we suggest that (234U)/(238U)o in speleothems may record changes in hydrologic flux with time and thus could provide a useful proxy for long term records of paleoprecipitation. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.005","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Zhou, J., Lundstrom, C., Fouke, B., Panno, S., Hackley, K., and Curry, B., 2005, Geochemistry of speleothem records from southern Illinois: Development of (234U)/(238U) as a proxy for paleoprecipitation: Chemical Geology, v. 221, no. 1-2, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.005.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210096,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.005"},{"id":236914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"221","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1714e4b0c8380cd5538e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, Juanzuo","contributorId":59217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Juanzuo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lundstrom, C.C.","contributorId":72997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fouke, B.","contributorId":31187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fouke","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panno, S.","contributorId":42016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hackley, K.","contributorId":44343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Curry, B.","contributorId":89320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}