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The velocity field has the appearance of a shear flow that remains parallel to the local strike of the fault even through such major deflections as the big bend of the San Andreas fault in the Transverse Ranges of southern California. Across‐strike profiles of the fault‐parallel component of velocity exhibit the expected sigmoidal shape, whereas across‐strike profiles of the fault‐normal component of velocity are flat and featureless. No significant convergence upon the fault is observed even along the big bend sector of the fault. Simple dislocation models can explain most of the features of the observed velocity field, but those explanations are not unique. About 35 mm/yr of relative plate motion is accounted for within the span of the trilateration networks. Geologic studies indicate that the secular slip rate on the San Andreas fault is about 35 mm/yr. The agreement between these two estimates implies that most of the strain accumulation is elastic and will be recovered in subsequent earthquakes. The relative motion observed across the San Andreas fault (35 mm/yr) plus that observed across the Eastern California shear zone (8 mm/yr) accounts for most (43 mm/yr) of the observed North America‐Pacific relative plate motion (47 mm/yr).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91JB00199","usgsCitation":"Lisowski, M., Savage, J.C., and Prescott, W., 1991, The velocity field along the San Andreas Fault in central and southern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 96, no. B5, p. 8369-8389, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB00199.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"8369","endPage":"8389","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.37695312499999,\n              32.2313896627376\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.115234375,\n              32.2313896627376\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.115234375,\n              35.71083783530009\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.37695312499999,\n              35.71083783530009\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.37695312499999,\n              32.2313896627376\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207092,"text":"70207092 - 1991 - Tide gage measurements of uplift along the south coast of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T14:35:23.037203","indexId":"70207092","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-05T15:03:45","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tide gage measurements of uplift along the south coast of Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Annual mean sea levels along the south coast of Alaska are used to measure uplift along the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction zone. Oceanographic effects are removed from the observed annual mean sea levels by subtracting a correction that is proportional to the sea level fluctuations observed in southeast Alaska. That correction is effective in reducing fluctuations in the observed, annual mean sea level as far west as the tip of Alaska peninsula. Additional corrections to remove the eustatic rise in sea level and the apparent fall in sea level due to postglacial isostatic rebound of the land are introduced. This corrected sea level record should provide a measure of tectonic subsidence. In the area affected by the 1964 Alaska earthquake, postseismic uplift occurs where coseismic subsidence was observed, and postseismic subsidence occurs where coseismic uplift was observed. The immediate postseismic response is damped out within the first decade, and the subsequent uplift rates appear to be steady over the 1974–1989 interval. However, some of those rates seem to be too high to be sustained over the ∼1000 year earthquake recurrence interval appropriate to this area if the interseismic deformation is only to recover the coseismic displacement. Thus a long‐term ( ∼100 years) relaxation in uplift rates is postulated. The immediate (time constant ∼5 years) postseismic relaxation is attributed to postseismic slip on the plate interface directly downdip from the coseismic rupture. The long‐term (time constant ∼100 years) relaxation is attributed to flow in the asthenosphere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/90JB02540","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., and Plafker, G., 1991, Tide gage measurements of uplift along the south coast of Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 96, no. 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\":{\"name\":\"Alaska\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"96","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016388,"text":"70016388 - 1991 - Rapid dewatering of the crust deduced from ages of mesothermal gold deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T16:32:03.18064","indexId":"70016388","displayToPublicDate":"1991-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid dewatering of the crust deduced from ages of mesothermal gold deposits","docAbstract":"<p><span>The large-scale migration of fluids through the continental crust has been well documented, but there is no consensus regarding the timing of fluid migration relative to orogenic episodes, or rates of crustal dewatering</span><sup>1</sup><span>. Here we present</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar dates for muscovites from quartz veins along a major shear zone in southeast Alaska, which show that the veins were emplaced in the early Eocene, during the late stages of orogenic deformation. Hydrother-mal activity took place for only about 1 Myr and along a distance of at least 200 km. The fluids were generated by metamorphic reactions in subducted crust along the North American plate margin, and were apparently trapped in the crust by the low permeabilities accompanying a convergent tectonic regime until 56 Myr ago. The rapid dewatering event coincided with a change in plate motion at 56–55 Myr, which caused a shift from convergent to partly transcurrent tectonics. We suggest that this change in tectonic regime led to increased crustal permeabilities and hence the possibility of large-scale fluid migration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/354296a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R., Snee, L., Miller, L., and Newberry, R., 1991, Rapid dewatering of the crust deduced from ages of mesothermal gold deposits: Nature, v. 354, no. 6351, p. 296-298, https://doi.org/10.1038/354296a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"298","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -137.66382877414708,\n              58.98978998908893\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.66382877414708,\n              55.825481370216835\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.93458393194348,\n              55.825481370216835\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.93458393194348,\n              58.98978998908893\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.66382877414708,\n              58.98978998908893\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"354","issue":"6351","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94d2e4b0c8380cd81634","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, L.D. 0000-0002-3523-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0768","contributorId":107322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":373344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newberry, R.J.","contributorId":50558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newberry","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207090,"text":"70207090 - 1991 - Strain accumulation along the Denali Fault at the Nenana River and Delta River Crossings, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T14:33:10.22525","indexId":"70207090","displayToPublicDate":"1991-11-24T14:47:34","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strain accumulation along the Denali Fault at the Nenana River and Delta River Crossings, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surveys of trilateration networks across the Denali fault at the Nenana River in 1982, 1984, and 1988 and at the Delta River in 1975, 1979, 1982, and 1984 indicate a minor (0.10±0.04 μstrain/yr) northeastward uniaxial extension. The component of right‐lateral shear‐strain accumulation across the fault is not significant at the two‐standard‐deviation level. At the Delta River network the strain accumulation rate decreases rapidly with distance from the fault, but evidence for a similar decrease with distance from the fault is lacking at the Nenana River network. The strain accumulation rates inferred from trilateration are consistent with the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) measurement reported by Ma et al. (1990) and support their contention that significant right‐lateral shear is not accumulating along the Denali fault at the present time. Savage et al. (1981) had earlier concluded erroneously that preliminary geodetic measurements at the Delta River network demonstrated right‐lateral shear strain accumulation. The absence of significant right‐lateral deformation across the Denali fault in the 1975–1988 interval is in marked contrast with the abundant geomorphic evidence for Holocene right‐lateral secular slip at the rate of 10–20 mm/yr on the Denali fault in this sector.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91JB01285","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., and Lisowski, M., 1991, Strain accumulation along the Denali Fault at the Nenana River and Delta River Crossings, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 96, no. B9, p. 14481-14892, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB01285.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"14481","endPage":"14892","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali Fault at the Nenana River and Delta River Crossing","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.423828125,\n              59.17592824927136\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.04296875,\n              59.17592824927136\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.04296875,\n              64.66151739623564\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.423828125,\n              64.66151739623564\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.423828125,\n              59.17592824927136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70243105,"text":"70243105 - 1991 - Geochemistry and mineralogy of fumarolic deposits, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska: Bulk chemical and mineralogical evolution of dacite-rich protolith","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T15:36:35.826839","indexId":"70243105","displayToPublicDate":"1991-10-01T10:25:32","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and mineralogy of fumarolic deposits, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska: Bulk chemical and mineralogical evolution of dacite-rich protolith","docAbstract":"<p>Samples from a fossil fumarole originating in the 1912 ash-flow tuffin the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes have been analyzed to ascertain chemical changes resulting from high-temperature fumarolic alteration and subsequent cooling and weathering of the protolith. Samples of the underlying, dominantly leached, dacite-rich portion of the ash-flow tuff adjacent to the fumarolic conduit and samples of encrusted fallout from the shallow part of the fossil fumarole were interpreted using the isocon method of Grant (1986). The results show that, relative to unaltered l9l2 dacite, chosen as a standard composition for the protolith in this fossil fumarole, mass was conserved during the alteration reactions for most of the system, but mass gains of l4–2D% were determined for three samples in the leached ash-flow tuff Relative to unaltered dacite protolith, significant enrichments occurred in SO<sub>3</sub>, LOI (~H<sub>2</sub>O), Cl, F, Zn, Pb, Cu, Sn, Cr, Ni, As, Sb, Au, Br in various parts of the fossil fumarole. Some of these were during the high-temperature part of the alteration, and some were during cooling processes when acid alteration becomes prominent. The REEs indicate some depletion in highly altered samples relative to dacite protolith and differential mobility of Eu<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>relative to trivalent REEs. This is manifested by positive Eu anomalies in REE patterns normalized against REE in the dacite protolith.</p><p>Mineral phases introduced in the alteration assemblages include alunite reflecting high SO<sub>3</sub>, activity, hydrated aluminum hydroxy-fluoride (a ralstonite-like phase) and fluorite reflecting high F activity, smectite, magnetite, hematite, and goethite reflecting oxidation and hydration reactions. Opal and a portion of the α-cristobalite reflect SiO<sub>2</sub>, mobility; however, the abundance of α-cristobalite is formed from pumice leached during high-temperature vapor-phase processes and devitrification of the altered glass.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","usgsCitation":"Papike, J.J., Keith, T.E., Spilde, M.N., Galbreath, K.C., Shearer, C., and Laul, J., 1991, Geochemistry and mineralogy of fumarolic deposits, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska: Bulk chemical and mineralogical evolution of dacite-rich protolith: American Mineralogist, v. 76, no. 9-10, p. 1662-1673.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1662","endPage":"1673","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article/76/9-10/1662/105159/Geochemistry-and-mineralogy-of-fumarolic-deposits"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.98374831150136,\n              58.946743520833564\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.98374831150136,\n              57.918240355976565\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.87899703950526,\n              57.918240355976565\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.87899703950526,\n              58.946743520833564\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.98374831150136,\n              58.946743520833564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papike, J. J.","contributorId":18488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papike","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, T. E. C.","contributorId":11681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spilde, Michael N.","contributorId":211912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spilde","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":36307,"text":"University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galbreath, K. C.","contributorId":304592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galbreath","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shearer, C.K.","contributorId":53537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Laul, J.C.","contributorId":90047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laul","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70243108,"text":"70243108 - 1991 - Major and trace element mass flux in fumarolic deposits, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska: Rhyolite-rich protolith","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T16:04:53.670094","indexId":"70243108","displayToPublicDate":"1991-08-01T11:04:40","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major and trace element mass flux in fumarolic deposits, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska: Rhyolite-rich protolith","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three fossil fumaroles in rhyolite-rich ash-flow tuff from the lower Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) have been studied to ascertain chemical losses and gains and mineralogical evolution during fumarolic alteration and subsequent cooling and weathering processes. Major oxide and trace element data were interpreted using the isocon method of Grant (1986).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91GL01142","usgsCitation":"Papike, J.J., Keith, T.E., Spilde, M.N., Shearer, C., Galbreath, K.C., and Laul, J., 1991, Major and trace element mass flux in fumarolic deposits, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska: Rhyolite-rich protolith: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 18, no. 8, p. 1545-1548, https://doi.org/10.1029/91GL01142.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1545","endPage":"1548","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.11710340553734,\n              58.83061239123546\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.11710340553734,\n              57.89274619909108\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.9582134699911,\n              57.89274619909108\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.9582134699911,\n              58.83061239123546\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.11710340553734,\n              58.83061239123546\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papike, J. J.","contributorId":18488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papike","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, T. E. C.","contributorId":11681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spilde, Michael N.","contributorId":211912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spilde","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":36307,"text":"University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shearer, C.K.","contributorId":53537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galbreath, K. C.","contributorId":304592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galbreath","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Laul, J.C.","contributorId":90047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laul","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70243103,"text":"70243103 - 1991 - Seismic evidence for magma in the vicinity of Mt. Katmai, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T15:20:31.040671","indexId":"70243103","displayToPublicDate":"1991-08-01T10:12:27","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic evidence for magma in the vicinity of Mt. Katmai, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>P-wave traveltime delays of as much as 0.9 sec are consistently observed at one seismic station from local and regional earthquakes 70 to 150 km deep. This station is on the southwest flank of Mt. Trident, the most recently active volcano within Katmai National Park, Alaska. Delays from local shallow earthquakes are typically less than 0.3 sec, suggesting that most of the major delay results from anomalous material at depths of more than a few kilometers. This station is located near the center of a bowlshaped low in the Bouguer gravity field that is approximately 15 km in diameter and more than 25 mgals deep. These anomalies suggest, but do not prove, the presence of considerable amounts of magma in the shallow part of the crust that could have been the source for all magma erupted in the vicinity of Mt. Katmai and Mt. Trident this century.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91GL01906","usgsCitation":"Ward, P.L., Pitt, A., and Endo, E., 1991, Seismic evidence for magma in the vicinity of Mt. Katmai, Alaska: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 18, no. 8, p. 1537-1540, https://doi.org/10.1029/91GL01906.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1537","endPage":"1540","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416501,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Katmai","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.06013087857218,\n              58.24721448084915\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.05858009361864,\n              58.23231736803646\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.0388075854627,\n              58.22803073832773\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.96708378136728,\n              58.20025716905684\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.906603168184,\n              58.22517269748195\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.86899663306374,\n              58.270465952912616\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.88527987507456,\n              58.303277582255845\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.92094792900306,\n              58.310202857850925\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.96785917384395,\n              58.30592564182402\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.0147704186848,\n              58.301036761660185\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.05741700490373,\n              58.269854267476376\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.06013087857218,\n              58.24721448084915\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Peter L.","contributorId":86324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitt, Andrew M. pitt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitt","given":"Andrew M.","email":"pitt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Endo, Eliot","contributorId":6958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endo","given":"Eliot","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70243193,"text":"70243193 - 1991 - Comment and Reply on \"Seismic anisotropy due to preferred mineral orientation observed in shallow crustal rocks in southern Alaska\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-03T15:01:49.56912","indexId":"70243193","displayToPublicDate":"1991-08-01T09:50:49","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment and Reply on \"Seismic anisotropy due to preferred mineral orientation observed in shallow crustal rocks in southern Alaska\"","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0859:CAROSA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Crampin, S., Brocher, T.M., and Christensen, N.I., 1991, Comment and Reply on \"Seismic anisotropy due to preferred mineral orientation observed in shallow crustal rocks in southern Alaska\": Geology, v. 19, no. 8, p. 859-860, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0859:CAROSA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"860","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -136.56484308407698,\n              58.31785005981507\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.82302179501448,\n              58.577984268326276\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.86971368954576,\n              58.77502888308794\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.21303644345215,\n              58.75081538134134\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.6964348809521,\n              58.6008871141394\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.0839470879834,\n              58.366861835954126\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.9493645684521,\n              58.3423644473302\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.68019952938948,\n              58.195022883466095\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.5566033379833,\n              58.2094952360394\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.56484308407698,\n              58.31785005981507\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crampin, Stuart","contributorId":304705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crampin","given":"Stuart","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Nikolas I.","contributorId":95927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Nikolas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":7001,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70210579,"text":"70210579 - 1991 - Seismic reflection/refraction mapping of faulting and regional dips in the eastern Alaska Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-10T17:31:09.888198","indexId":"70210579","displayToPublicDate":"1991-06-10T12:22:37","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic reflection/refraction mapping of faulting and regional dips in the eastern Alaska Range","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present the results of a Trans‐Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT) investigation of the upper 2–5 km of the eastern Alaska Range in the vicinity of the Denali fault based on seismic reflection/refraction data, laboratory measurements of rock velocities, and structural mapping. The Denali fault is a major dextral slip structure mappable for more than 2000 km separating the Wrangellia and adjacent terranes to the south from the Yukon‐Tanana and adjacent terranes to the north. Geologic mapping suggests over 400 km of dextral slip has occurred on the fault, yet within the upper 1.5 km of the crust along the TACT corridor, basement rocks juxtaposed along the Denali fault reveal no significant seismic velocity differences, although the fault zone itself is associated with a minor lowering of velocity. The lack of seismic velocity contrast adjacent to the fault is in agreement with laboratory measurements of elastic wave velocities of samples from terranes bordering the fault. Laboratory measurements of elastic wave velocities of the metasedimentary mica‐quartz schists comprising the Yukon‐Tanana basement are highly anisotropic because of preferred orientation of mica and predict significant variations in velocity accompanying variations in foliation dip. Although other interpretations are possible, the northward shallowing of foliation dip of basement rocks in the Yukon‐Tanana terrane combined with the strong anisotropy associated with these highly foliated rocks can explain an observed northward increase in seismic velocity within this terrane. Seismic reflections from basement rocks within the Yukon‐Tanana terrane may originate from variations in anisotropy with depth and/or changes in composition reflecting different proportions of sandstone and shale in the protolith.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/91JB00905","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Nokleberg, W.J., Christensen, N., Lutter, W.J., Geist, E.L., and Fisher, M.A., 1991, Seismic reflection/refraction mapping of faulting and regional dips in the eastern Alaska Range: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 96, no. B6, p. 10233-10249, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB00905.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"10233","endPage":"10249","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Alaska Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.490234375,\n              59.17592824927136\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.900390625,\n              59.17592824927136\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.900390625,\n              63.074865690586634\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.490234375,\n              63.074865690586634\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.490234375,\n              59.17592824927136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, N.I.","contributorId":28016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lutter, William J.","contributorId":74366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70242956,"text":"70242956 - 1991 - Comment and reply on \"High-latitude application of 87Sr/86Sr: Correlation of Nuwok beds on North Slope, Alaska, to standard Oligocene chronostratigraphy\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-24T21:44:15.010297","indexId":"70242956","displayToPublicDate":"1991-05-01T16:21:57","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comment and reply on \"High-latitude application of <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr: Correlation of Nuwok beds on North Slope, Alaska, to standard Oligocene chronostratigraphy\"","title":"Comment and reply on \"High-latitude application of 87Sr/86Sr: Correlation of Nuwok beds on North Slope, Alaska, to standard Oligocene chronostratigraphy\"","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0537:CAROHL>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Marincovich, L., and Powell, C.L., 1991, Comment and reply on \"High-latitude application of 87Sr/86Sr: Correlation of Nuwok beds on North Slope, Alaska, to standard Oligocene chronostratigraphy\": Geology, v. 19, no. 5, p. 537-539, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0537:CAROHL>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"539","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.3536288889399,\n              68.1637492873993\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.16556382899793,\n              67.15482882287046\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.88289960068357,\n              66.68838933868983\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.1054578276538,\n              67.062993724944\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.98346490393845,\n              68.83858326907597\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.06236748576708,\n              69.66689615100529\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.1514000042599,\n              70.2728337309675\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.12234922788826,\n              70.13441815055631\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.45066167583477,\n              70.69426825705506\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.09845626796022,\n              71.56735428830947\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.97815216195426,\n              71.04043203291579\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.6396174874516,\n              71.03023252873388\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.40786436406935,\n              70.47061792488981\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.05421733303544,\n              70.44732520093135\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.4306088738599,\n              69.84019061212635\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.93602736502288,\n              69.23980326182436\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.30411753687525,\n              69.04920065811456\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.68976201637173,\n              69.05056192888972\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.93086671009814,\n              68.32840119317947\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.3536288889399,\n              68.1637492873993\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marincovich, Louie Jr.","contributorId":53403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marincovich","given":"Louie","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Charles L. II 0000-0002-1913-555X cpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-555X","contributorId":3243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"cpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":870349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70209351,"text":"70209351 - 1991 - U–Pb geochronology of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary plutons in the northern Coast Mountains batholith","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-01T13:57:37","indexId":"70209351","displayToPublicDate":"1991-04-01T13:49:11","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U–Pb geochronology of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary plutons in the northern Coast Mountains batholith","docAbstract":"<p><span>U–Pb geochronologic studies demonstrate that steeply dipping, sheetlike tonalitic plutons along the western margin of the northern Coast Mountains batholith were emplaced between ~83 and ~57 (perhaps ~55) Ma. Less elongate tonalitic–granodioritic bodies in central portions of the batholith yield ages of 59–58 Ma, coeval with younger phases of the tonalitic sheets. Large granite–granodiorite bodies in central and eastern portions of the batholith were emplaced at 51–48 Ma. Trends in ages suggest that the tonalitic bodies generally become younger southeastward and that, at the latitude of Juneau, plutonism migrated northeastward across the batholith at ~0.9 km/Ma. Variations in the age, shape, location, and degree of fabric development among the various plutons indicate that Late Cretaceous – Paleocene tonalitic bodies were emplaced into a steeply dipping, dip-slip shear zone that was active along the western margin of the batholith. Postkinematic Eocene plutons were emplaced at shallow crustal levels. Inherited zircon components in these plutons range in age from mid-Paleozoic to Early Proterozoic and are coeval with detrital zircons in adjacent metasedimentary rocks. These old zircons, combined with evolved Nd isotopic signatures for most plutons, record assimilation of continental crustal or supracrustal rocks during the generation and (or) ascent of the plutons.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e91-082","usgsCitation":"Gehrels, G., McClelland, W.C., Sampson, S., Jonathan, P.P., and Brew, D.A., 1991, U–Pb geochronology of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary plutons in the northern Coast Mountains batholith: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 28, no. 6, p. 899-911, https://doi.org/10.1139/e91-082.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"899","endPage":"911","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Northern Coast Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -135.087890625,\n              59.5343180010956\n            ],\n            [\n              -138.076171875,\n              58.53959476664049\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.2421875,\n              54.16243396806779\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.814453125,\n              55.27911529201561\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.087890625,\n              59.5343180010956\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gehrels, G.E.","contributorId":211571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehrels","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClelland, W. C.","contributorId":147243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McClelland","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sampson, S.D.","contributorId":20144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jonathan, Patchett P.","contributorId":85323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonathan","given":"Patchett","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brew, David A. dbrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":3244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"David","email":"dbrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":33199,"text":"b1990 - 1991 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: North Slope Basin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47557,"text":"b1990C - 1992 - Age of tephra beds at the Ocean Point dinosaur locality, North Slope, Alaska, based on K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar analyses","indexId":"b1990C","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Age of tephra beds at the Ocean Point dinosaur locality, North Slope, Alaska, based on K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar analyses"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33199,"text":"b1990 - 1991 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: North Slope Basin","indexId":"b1990","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: North Slope Basin"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":47558,"text":"b1990E - 1991 - Pollen zonation and correlation of Maastrichtian marine beds and associated strata, Ocean Point dinosaur locality, North Slope, Alaska","indexId":"b1990E","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Pollen zonation and correlation of Maastrichtian marine beds and associated strata, Ocean Point dinosaur locality, North Slope, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33199,"text":"b1990 - 1991 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: North Slope Basin","indexId":"b1990","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: North Slope Basin"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":47559,"text":"b1990F - 1991 - A new Tolypella from the Ocean Point dinosaur locality, North Slope, Alaska, and the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene nitelloid charophytes","indexId":"b1990F","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"A new Tolypella from the Ocean Point dinosaur locality, North Slope, Alaska, and the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene nitelloid charophytes"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33199,"text":"b1990 - 1991 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: North Slope Basin","indexId":"b1990","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: North Slope Basin"},"id":3}],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T14:53:05","indexId":"b1990","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T12:52:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1990","title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: North Slope Basin","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1990","usgsCitation":"U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991, Evolution of sedimentary basins: North Slope Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1990, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1990.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289221,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -166.85,68.0 ], [ -166.85,71.39 ], [ -141.0,71.39 ], [ -141.0,68.0 ], [ -166.85,68.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286e8e4b07b8813a5548e"}
,{"id":70125938,"text":"70125938 - 1991 - Taxonomic comments on the Dunlin (<i>Calidris alpina</i>) from northern Alaska and eastern Siberia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-18T10:45:18","indexId":"70125938","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T10:43:38","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1117,"text":"Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taxonomic comments on the Dunlin (<i>Calidris alpina</i>) from northern Alaska and eastern Siberia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of The British Ornithologists' Club","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Ornithologists' Club","publisherLocation":"England","usgsCitation":"Browning, M., 1991, Taxonomic comments on the Dunlin (<i>Calidris alpina</i>) from northern Alaska and eastern Siberia: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, v. 111, p. 140-145.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541bf45be4b0e96537ddf8c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, M.R.","contributorId":16542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016545,"text":"70016545 - 1991 - The last interglaciation in Alaska: Stratigraphy and paleoecology of potential sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T16:27:15","indexId":"70016545","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The last interglaciation in Alaska: Stratigraphy and paleoecology of potential sites","docAbstract":"At least 20 localities in Alaska contain deposits that may provide information on the last interglaciation (Oxygen-Isotope Substage 5e). These widely dispersed localities include river bluffs, coastal bluffs and terraces, elevated marine shorelines, lake basins, and artificial excavations. Most of the inferred interglacial deposits contain macrofossils or pollen that are older than the range of radiocarbon dating and commonly indicate climate as warm as or warmer than the present. At a few localities, evidence for deep thaw of permafrost also indicates a warm paleoclimate. At eight localities, the Old Crow tephra occurs at or below organic deposits that may represent Substage 5e. The tephra occurs beneath conspicuous organic deposits at Fairbanks, the Yukon Palisades, and Holitna lowland, and directly above a peat bed at Hogatza Mine. At Birch Creek, Halfway House, Ky-11, and Imuruk Lake, the tephra occurs within a paleosol or organic deposit, but other organic horizons that more likely indicate interglacial conditions occur at higher stratigraphic levels. The varied stratigraphic relations of the Old Crow tephra suggest that it may have been deposited close to the boundary between Isotope Substages 6 and 5, which is dated at about 130 ka in the marine record and between 132 and 140 ka on land. These age relations suggests that the tephra may have been deposited about 135 ?? 5 ka, validating the recent fission-track age determination of 140 ?? 10 ka for this deposit. Six coastal localities contain deposits of probable interglacial age, and these commonly are associated with evidence for eustatic sea levels higher than those of the present. Beach and sublittoral sediments of the Pelukian transgression occur up to 12 m asl along the northwest coast of Alaska, and are correlative with barrier island and lagoonal sediments on the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain. Both sets of deposits commonly contain extralimital mollusks and microfauna that indicate marine water slightly warmer than present and suggest that seasonal sea ice did not extend south of Bering Strait during the last interglacial as it does today. Farther south, elevated marine-terrace deposits on Amchitka Island contain marine invertebrates that indicate a climate warmer than at present. Peat horizons in coastal exposure at Goose Bay and coastal terraces at Lituya Bay contain pollen spectra that suggest forests like those of the present day, and spruce macrofossils exposed on Baldwin Peninsula indicate boreal forest more extensive than at present. Sediments from several lakes in northwestern Alaska may contain continuous records of the last interglaciation. A major warm interval, possibly Isotope Substage 5e, has been identified in a core from Squirrel Lake by a peak in Picea pollen that indicates forest extension beyond present limits. Similar pollen records are potentially available from two maars which formed in the Cape Espenberg area more than 125 ka. Terrestrial organic deposits thought to record the last interglaciation occur interstratified with marine and glaciogenic sediments in the Nushagak Lowland of southwest Alaska and on Baldwin Peninsula in Kotzebue Sound. Extensive exposures along the Copper and Nenana Rivers may also contain organic deposits that record the last interglaciation. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/1040-6182(91)90040-U","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, T.D., and Brigham-Grette, J., 1991, The last interglaciation in Alaska: Stratigraphy and paleoecology of potential sites: Quaternary International, v. 10-12, no. C, p. 49-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(91)90040-U.","startPage":"49","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270038,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(91)90040-U"}],"volume":"10-12","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad84e4b08c986b323c73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brigham-Grette, J.","contributorId":78869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham-Grette","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014932,"text":"70014932 - 1991 - Isotopic and chemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Blackburn Hills volcanic field, western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T15:35:10.334513","indexId":"70014932","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic and chemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Blackburn Hills volcanic field, western Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Blackburn Hills volcanic field is one of several Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary (75–50 Ma) volcanic fields in western Alaska that comprise a vast magmatic province extending from the Arctic Circle to Bristol Bay. It consists of andesite flows, rhyolite domes, a central granodiorite to quartz monzonite pluton, and small intrusive rhyolite porphyries, overlain by basalt and alkali-rhyolites. Most of the field consists of andesite flows which can be divided into two groups on the basis of elemental and isotopic composition: a group having lower (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>87</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>86</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>87</sup>Sr<sup>86</sup>Sr</span></span></span><span>)</span><sub>i</sub><span>, higher (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>143</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>144</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>143</sup>Nd<sup>144</sup>Nd</span></span></span><span>)</span><sub>i</sub><span>, and moderate LREE and HREE contents (group 1), and a group having higher (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>87</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>86</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>87</sup>Sr<sup>86</sup>Sr</span></span></span><span>)</span><sub>i</sub><span>, lower (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>143</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>144</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>143</sup>Sr<sup>144</sup>Sr</span></span></span><span>)</span><sub>i</sub><span>, and lower HREE contents. Basalts are restricted to the top of the stratigraphic section, comprise the most primitive part of group 1&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>[(</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>87</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>86</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><mtext>)</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>i</mn></msub><mtext>= 0.7033; (</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>143</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>144</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext><mtext>)</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>i</mn></msub><mtext>= 0.5129]</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">[(<sup>87</sup>Sr<sup>86</sup>Sr)i= 0.7033; (<sup>143</sup>Nd<sup>144</sup>Nd)i= 0.5129]</span></span></span><span>, and have trace-element ratios that are similar to those of oceanic island basalts (OIBs). In contrast to the basalts, group 1 andesites have higher (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>87</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>86</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>87</sup>Sr<sup>86</sup>Sr</span></span></span><span>)</span><sub>i</sub><span>&nbsp;and lower (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>143</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>144</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>143</sup>Nd<sup>144</sup>Nd</span></span></span><span>)</span><sub>i</sub><span>, and represent interaction of mantle-derived magmas with the lower crust of Koyukuk terrane. Group 2 andesites have (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>87</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>86</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>87</sup>Sr<sup>86</sup>Sr</span></span></span><span>)</span><sub>i</sub><span>&nbsp;and (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>143</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>144</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>143</sup>Nd<sup>144</sup>Nd</span></span></span><span>)</span><sub>i</sub><span>&nbsp;that are near bulk-earth values and probably formed by partial melting of the lower crust of Koyukuk terrane. The central pluton and rhyolite porphyries are isotopically uniform&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-10-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>(</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>87</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>86</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><mtext>)</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">(<sup>87</sup>Sr<sup>86</sup>Sr)</span></span></span><sub>i</sub><span>&nbsp;≈ 0.704, (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-11-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>143</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>144</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>143</sup>Nd<sup>144</sup>Nd</span></span></span><span>)</span><sub>i</sub><span>&nbsp;≈ 0.51275, and are interpreted to have formed by melting of young mafic to intermediate crustal rocks or by fractionation of group 1 andesites. The rhyolite domes have an isotopic range similar to that of the basalts and andesites&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-12-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>[(</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>87</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>86</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><mtext>)</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>i</mn></msub><mtext>= 0.70355-0.70499; (</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>143</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>144</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext><mtext>)</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>i</mn></msub><mtext>= 0.51263&amp;#x2013;0.51292]</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">[(<sup>87</sup>Sr<sup>86</sup>Sr)i= 0.70355-0.70499; (<sup>143</sup>Nd<sup>144</sup>Nd)i= 0.51263–0.51292]</span></span></span><span>, which suggests they formed by fractionation of the and site and basalt magmas. Although some workers have suggested that the volcanic field is underlain by old continental crust, none of the data require the presence of Paleozoic or Precambrian continental middle or upper crust under this part of the volcanic field. However, the ultimate source of some of the rocks in the Yukon-Koyukuk province that have high&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-13-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>87</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>86</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>87</sup>Sr<sup>86</sup>Sr</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;and low&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-14-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>143</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>144</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>143</sup>Nd<sup>144</sup>Nd</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;ratios may be old sub-continental mantle and/or lower crust, which was previously subducted beneath the Yukon-Koyukuk province during Early Cretaceous arc-continent collision.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90073-E","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Moll-Stalcup, E.J., and Arth, J.G., 1991, Isotopic and chemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Blackburn Hills volcanic field, western Alaska: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 12, p. 3753-3776, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90073-E.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"3753","endPage":"3776","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f95e4b0c8380cd64627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moll-Stalcup, E. J.","contributorId":26698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moll-Stalcup","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arth, Joseph G.","contributorId":104546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arth","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013310,"text":"1013310 - 1991 - Energy dynamics, foraging ecology, and behavior of prenesting greater white-fronted geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-12T13:52:23","indexId":"1013310","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy dynamics, foraging ecology, and behavior of prenesting greater white-fronted geese","docAbstract":"We collected greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) on their nesting grounds on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, when they arrived and again before incubation during 1986 and 1987. Body mass, water content, crude fat, and crude protein increased in female geese between arrival and incubation onset in 1986 and 1987 (P = 0.0001, 0.0002, 0.0329, and 0.0003, respectively). Body mass of male geese during prenesting did not change, but total fat content decreased by about 30%. Crude protein of males was different between years (P = 0.0014). Female geese spent more time feeding than did males (P < 0.001). Primary foods during the prenesting period were pendent grass (Arctophila fulva) shoots and arrowgrass (Triglochin palustris) bulbs. Gizzard contents and orifice staining indicated crowberries (Empetrum nigrum) also were consumed. Of the commonly consumed food items, arrowgrass bulbs had the greatest protein content (21%), and crowberries had the greatest lipid content (10%). Unlike other medium-sized, northern-nesting geese, food (energy) acquired on the nesting grounds by white-fronted geese before incubation increased endogenous reserves necessary for reproduction.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809498","usgsCitation":"Budeau, D., Ratti, J.T., and Ely, C.R., 1991, Energy dynamics, foraging ecology, and behavior of prenesting greater white-fronted geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 55, no. 4, p. 556-563, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809498.","productDescription":"pp. 556-563","startPage":"556","endPage":"563","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60283e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budeau, D.A.","contributorId":15563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budeau","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratti, John T.","contributorId":59396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ratti","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":33344,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1012926,"text":"1012926 - 1991 - Apparatus for precise regulation and chilling of water temperatures in laboratory studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:08:23.29202","indexId":"1012926","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apparatus for precise regulation and chilling of water temperatures in laboratory studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Laboratory simulation of water temperature regimes that occur in subarctic rivers through winter necessitates the ability to maintain near‐freezing conditions. A heat‐exchanging apparatus is described that provided a convenient means of simulating the range of temperatures (0.5–12°C) that incubating eggs of salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus</i><span>&nbsp;spp.) typically experience in south‐central Alaskan watersheds. The system was reliable, easily maintained precise temperatures at our coldest test levels, and was used over several years with few mechanical complications.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0251:AFPRAC%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wangaard, D., McDonell, J., Burger, C.V., and Wilmot, R., 1991, Apparatus for precise regulation and chilling of water temperatures in laboratory studies: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 53, no. 4, p. 251-255, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0251:AFPRAC%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129453,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wangaard, D.B.","contributorId":152258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wangaard","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonell, John P.","contributorId":358544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonell","given":"John P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burger, Carl V.","contributorId":152419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burger","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilmot, R.L.","contributorId":97662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmot","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016753,"text":"70016753 - 1991 - Geological and seismological evidence of increased explosivity during the 1986 eruptions of Pavlof volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016753","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological and seismological evidence of increased explosivity during the 1986 eruptions of Pavlof volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"We present results of study of the best-documented eruptions of Pavlof volcano in historic time. The 1986 eruptions were mostly Strombolian in character; a strong initial phase may have been Vulcanian. The 1986 activity erupted at least 8??106 m3 of feldspar-phyric basaltic andesite lava (SiO2=53-54%), and a comparable volume of wind-borne tephra. During the course of the eruption, 5300 explosion earthquakes occurred, the largest of which was equivalent to an ML=2.5 earthquake. Volcanic tremor was recorded for 2600 hours, and the strongest tremor was recorded out to a distance of 160 km and had an amplitude of at least 54 cm2 reduced displacement. The 1986 eruptions modified the structure of the vent area for the first time in over two decades. A possible pyroclastic flow was observed on 19 June 1986, the first time such a phenomenon has been observed at the volcano. Overall, the 1986 eruptions were the strongest and longest duration eruptions in historic time, and changed a temporal pattern of activity that had persisted from 1973-1984. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00265414","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"McNutt, S., Miller, T.P., and Taber, J., 1991, Geological and seismological evidence of increased explosivity during the 1986 eruptions of Pavlof volcano, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 53, no. 2, p. 86-98, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00265414.","startPage":"86","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205534,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265414"},{"id":224701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2256e4b0c8380cd56f5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNutt, S.R.","contributorId":26722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taber, J.J.","contributorId":14124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taber","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016416,"text":"70016416 - 1991 - Geochemistry and exploration criteria for epithermal cinnabar and stibnite vein deposits in the Kuskokwim River region, southwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T23:50:00.56341","indexId":"70016416","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and exploration criteria for epithermal cinnabar and stibnite vein deposits in the Kuskokwim River region, southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Cinnabar- and stibnite-bearing epithermal vein deposits are found throughout the Kuskokwim River region of southwestern Alaska. A geochemical orientation survey was carried out around several of these epithermal lodes to obtain information for planning regional geochemical surveys and to develop procedures which maximize the anomaly: threshold contrast of the deposits. Stream sediment, heavy-mineral concentrate, stream water, and vegetation samples were collected in drainages surrounding the Red Devil, Cinnabar Creek, White Mountain, Rhyolite, and Mountain Top deposits. Three sediment size fractions; nonmagnetic, paramagnetic and magnetic splits of the concentrate samples; stream waters; and the vegetation samples were analyzed for multi-element suites by a number of different chemical procedures. Nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral concentrates were also examined microscopically to identify their mineralogy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(91)90009-J","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Goldfarb, R., Detra, D., and Slaughter, K.E., 1991, Geochemistry and exploration criteria for epithermal cinnabar and stibnite vein deposits in the Kuskokwim River region, southwestern Alaska: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 41, no. 3, p. 363-386, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(91)90009-J.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16d1e4b0c8380cd5528b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Detra, D.E.","contributorId":72358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slaughter, K. E.","contributorId":100865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slaughter","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1012905,"text":"1012905 - 1991 - Patterns of seabird and marine mammal carcass deposition along the central California coast, 1980-1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T16:19:23","indexId":"1012905","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of seabird and marine mammal carcass deposition along the central California coast, 1980-1986","docAbstract":"<p><span>At monthly intervals from February 1980 through December 1986, a 14.5-km section of central California coastline was systematically surveyed for beach-cast carcasses of marine birds and mammals. Five hundred and fifty-four bird carcasses and 194 marine mammal carcasses were found. Common murres, western grebes, and Brandt's cormorants composed 45% of the bird total. California sea lions, sea otters, and harbor seals composed 90% of the mammal total. Several factors appeared to affect patterns of carcass deposition. The El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) of 1982–1983 was the dominant influence in terms of interannual variation in carcass deposition. During this ENSO, 56% of the seabirds and 48% of the marine mammals washed ashore. Patterns of intra-annual variation were species specific and were related to animal migration patterns, reproduction, and seasonal changes in weather. Nearshore currents and winds influenced the general area of carcass deposition, while beach substrate type and local patterns of sand deposition influenced the location of carcass deposition on a smaller spatial scale. Weekly surveys along a 1.1-km section of coastline indicated that 62% of bird carcasses and 41% of mammal carcasses remained on the beach less than 9 days. Cause of death was determined for only 8% of the carcasses. Oiling was the most common indication of cause of death in birds (6%). Neonates composed 8% of all mammal carcasses.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z91-163","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., and Jameson, R.J., 1991, Patterns of seabird and marine mammal carcass deposition along the central California coast, 1980-1986: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 69, no. 5, p. 1149-1155, https://doi.org/10.1139/z91-163.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1149","endPage":"1155","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jameson, Ronald J.","contributorId":17938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70196248,"text":"70196248 - 1991 - Variable first prebasic molt in Rio Grande and Merriam's wild turkeys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-28T12:09:59","indexId":"70196248","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variable first prebasic molt in Rio Grande and Merriam's wild turkeys","docAbstract":"<p> Gallinaceous birds typically retain the juvenal ninth (JIX) and tenth (JX) primary wing feathers during the first prebasic molt (Petrides 1945, terminology follows Humphrey and Parkes 1959). However, not all Wild Turkeys (<i>Meleagris gallopavo</i>) retain JIX and JX during this molt. Some retain only JX (reviewed by Lewis 1967), and in 21% of 125 Florida Wild Turkeys (<i>M. g. osceola</i>), all 10 juvenal primaries were molted (Williams and Austin 1970, 1988). Leopold (1943) suggested that Wild Turkeys were genetically predisposed to retain both JIX and JX, whereas domestic turkeys retained only JX. He further suggested that the frequency of this extended primary molt indicated the degree of cross-breeding between wild and domestic turkeys. Stable frequencies could be maintained if this molting characteristic had neutral selective value. Alternatively, Williams and Austin (1988) hypothesized that the first prebasic molt among wild birds varied in a genetically controlled manner along a north-south gradient related to climate. They predicted that more northerly populations would exhibit progressively higher frequencies of retention of both JIX and JX.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., and Hoffman, R.W., 1991, Variable first prebasic molt in Rio Grande and Merriam's wild turkeys: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 103, no. 2, p. 295-300.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"300","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4163015"}],"volume":"103","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2a5de4b0da30c1bfd7e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, Richard W.","contributorId":15541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186882,"text":"70186882 - 1991 - The ecological and evolutionary consequences of body size: Introductory remarks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-13T10:29:57","indexId":"70186882","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The ecological and evolutionary consequences of body size: Introductory remarks","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: 20th international ornithological congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"20th International Ornithological Congress","conferenceDate":"December 2-9, 1990","conferenceLocation":"Christchurch, New Zealand","language":"English","publisher":"International Ornithologists' Union","isbn":"0959797513 ","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., 1991, The ecological and evolutionary consequences of body size: Introductory remarks, <i>in</i> Proceedings: 20th international ornithological congress, Christchurch, New Zealand, December 2-9, 1990, p. 791-792.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"792","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.internationalornithology.org/proceedings.html#hist"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e65e4b06911a29fa888","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bell, Ben D.","contributorId":81033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690820,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cossee, R.O.","contributorId":190833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cossee","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690821,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flux, J.E.C.","contributorId":190834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flux","given":"J.E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690822,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heather, B.D.","contributorId":190835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heather","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690823,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hitchmough, R.A.","contributorId":190836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hitchmough","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690829,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robertson, C.J.R.","contributorId":190837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"C.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690830,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Williams, M.J.","contributorId":57939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690835,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70184350,"text":"70184350 - 1991 - Influence of pycnocline topography and water-column structure on marine distributions of alcids (Aves: Alcidae) in Anadyr Strait, Northern Bering Sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T16:32:35","indexId":"70184350","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2660,"text":"Marine Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of pycnocline topography and water-column structure on marine distributions of alcids (Aves: Alcidae) in Anadyr Strait, Northern Bering Sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Systematic ship-board surveys were used to simultaneously record seabird abundances and resolve coarse-scale (3 to 10 km) horizontal and fine-scale (1 to 10 m) vertical variability in water-column structure and bathymetry for portions of the coastal zone in Anadyr Strait near western St. Lawrence Island, northern Bering Sea, Alaska, during August and September 1987. Three plankton-feeding alcids, parakeet (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Cyclorrhynchus psittacula</i><span>), crested (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Aethia cristatella</i><span>) and least (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">A. pusilla</i><span>) auklets, each exhibited distinct associations for different pycnocline characteristics. Least auklets were more abundant in mixed water, but they also occurred within stratified water where the pycnocline and upper-mixed layer were shallow (≤8 m) and thin (≤10 m), respectively. Low body mass (85 g), high buoyancy, and relatively poor diving ability may have restricted this auklet to areas where water-column strata nearly intersected the surface, or to areas from which strata were absent altogether due to strong vertical mixing. Parakeet and crested auklets, which are larger-bodied (ca. 260 g) planktivores with presumably greater diving ability, were more abundant in stratified water, and both species exhibited less specific affinities for water-column characteristic at intermediate and shallow levels. All three auklets avoided locations with strong pycnocline gradients (≤0.22</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">σ</i><sub><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">t</i></sub><span>m</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), a crude index of the strong, subsurface shear in water velocities characteristic of this region. Auklet distributions in Anadyr Strait were consistent with: (1) strata accessibility, as estimated from relationships between body mass and relative diving ability, (2) possible avoidance of strong subsurface water motions, and (3) habits and distributions of plankton prey. In contrast, largebodied (&gt;450 g) alcids [i.e., common (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Uria aalge</i><span>) and thick-billed (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">U. lomvia</i><span>) murres, pigeon guillemots (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Cephus columba</i><span>), tufted (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Fratercula cirrhata</i><span>), and horned (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">F. corniculata</i><span>) puffins feeding on fish or benthic invertebrates] showed no consistent relationships with either the pycnocline or upper-mixed layers. All large alcids were more common in stratified than in vertically-mixed waters, but differences in abundance between mixing regimes were small or equivocal. The only measured variable with which all large alcids were associated was total water-column depth: murres, guillemots, and puffins each used areas with shallow sea floors and avoided areas with deeper sea floors. Failure of large alcids to discriminate among foraging areas in Anadyr Strait as a function of pycnocline topography and strength may be attributable to: (1) greater reliance on large pelagic and benthic prey not associated with the pycnocline; (2) higher body mass, lower buoyancy, and greater diving ability; (3) foraging over a uniquely shallow continental shelf where all vertical strata, including the sea floor, are potentially accessible from the ocean surface.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01344361","usgsCitation":"Haney, J.C., 1991, Influence of pycnocline topography and water-column structure on marine distributions of alcids (Aves: Alcidae) in Anadyr Strait, Northern Bering Sea, Alaska: Marine Biology, v. 110, no. 3, p. 419-435, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01344361.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"435","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Anadyr Strait, Bering Sea, St. Lawrence Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -175.2099609375,\n              62.734600877063585\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.4423828125,\n              62.734600877063585\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.4423828125,\n              66.08936427047088\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.2099609375,\n              66.08936427047088\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.2099609375,\n              62.734600877063585\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd519e4b014cc3a3ba64a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, J. Christopher","contributorId":48043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185283,"text":"70185283 - 1991 - Observations on habitat use, breeding chronology and parental care in Bristle-thighed Curlews on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:42:26","indexId":"70185283","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3704,"text":"Wader Study Group Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations on habitat use, breeding chronology and parental care in Bristle-thighed Curlews on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Results from an intensive survey in 1989 of one of the two known breeding localities of Bristle-thighed Curlews <i>Numenius tahitiensis</i> are reported. During the pre-nesting period birds confined most of their activity to two vegetation communities: shrub meadow tundra and low shrub/tussock tundra. During nesting more than half the Curlews seen were observed on shrub meadow tundra, whilst during brood rearing, use of low shrub/tussock tundra continued to decline in importance as birds attending young increased their use of sedge wet meadows. Despite extensive searches no nests were located; however, observations of broods indicated that nest initiation began around 25 May and that hatching occurred during the last week of June. Detailed observations are presented on the formation of four brood-groups, some of which held different combinations of unrelated adults or young. The adaptive significance of this unusual wader behaviour is discussed. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Wader Study Group","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., Lanctot, R.B., Mason, J., and Handel, C.M., 1991, Observations on habitat use, breeding chronology and parental care in Bristle-thighed Curlews on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Wader Study Group Bulletin, v. 61, p. 23-36.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waderstudygroup.org/publications/bulletin/bulletin-vol-volume-106-and-earlier/","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -168.8818359375,\n              61.01572481397616\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.6865234375,\n              61.01572481397616\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.6865234375,\n              67.7094454829218\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.8818359375,\n              67.7094454829218\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.8818359375,\n              61.01572481397616\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"61","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf5a1e4b0849ce97f0d10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mason, J.D.","contributorId":189506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mason","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182163,"text":"70182163 - 1991 - Mortality of seabirds in the Japanese land-based gillnet fishery for salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T07:29:08","indexId":"70182163","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality of seabirds in the Japanese land-based gillnet fishery for salmon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mortality rates of seabirds in the Japanese land-based drift gillnet fishery for salmon were assessed from 413 gillnet sets made by Japanese research vessels in offshore areas used by the commercial fleet. Sixteen species of seabirds were recorded in nets. Shearwaters, primarily Short-tailed Shearwaters (<i>Puffinus tenuirostris</i>), and to a lesser extent Sooty Shearwaters (<i>P. griseus</i>), predominated in the catches, followed by lesser numbers of Tufted Puffins (<i>Fratercula cirrhata</i>) and Thick-billed Murres (<i>Uria lomvia</i>). Catch-rates of seabirds varied by oceanographic zone, with most being caught in oceanic waters north of the Subarctic Front. Approximately 151,000 seabirds were killed in the offshore component of the land-based fishery in 1977. Mortality was reduced to about 57,000 seabirds in 1987 because of a reduction in fishing effort. No estimates are available of seabird mortality in the nearshore component of the fishery. Mortality of seabirds in the land-based fishery is discussed with respect to other major drift gillnet fisheries in the North Pacific.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368940","usgsCitation":"DeGange, A.R., and Day, R.H., 1991, Mortality of seabirds in the Japanese land-based gillnet fishery for salmon: The Condor, v. 93, no. 2, p. 251-258, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368940.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              146.95312499999997,\n              43.26120612479979\n            ],\n            [\n              156.62109374999997,\n              48.574789910928864\n            ],\n            [\n              158.81835937499997,\n              51.069016659603896\n            ],\n            [\n              154.775390625,\n              52.3755991766591\n            ],\n            [\n              149.85351562499997,\n              49.15296965617042\n            ],\n            [\n              145.98632812499997,\n              46.195042108660154\n            ],\n            [\n              144.140625,\n              45.521743896993634\n            ],\n            [\n              146.95312499999997,\n              43.26120612479979\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a819b9e4b025c46429afe7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Robert H.","contributorId":74446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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