{"pageNumber":"261","pageRowStart":"6500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10462,"records":[{"id":70029275,"text":"70029275 - 2005 - Numerical simulation of double‐diffusive finger convection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:42:19","indexId":"70029275","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical simulation of double‐diffusive finger convection","docAbstract":"<p><span>A hybrid finite element, integrated finite difference numerical model is developed for the simulation of double‐diffusive and multicomponent flow in two and three dimensions. The model is based on a multidimensional, density‐dependent, saturated‐unsaturated transport model (SUTRA), which uses one governing equation for fluid flow and another for solute transport. The solute‐transport equation is applied sequentially to each simulated species. Density coupling of the flow and solute‐transport equations is accounted for and handled using a sequential implicit Picard iterative scheme. High‐resolution data from a double‐diffusive Hele‐Shaw experiment, initially in a density‐stable configuration, is used to verify the numerical model. The temporal and spatial evolution of simulated double‐diffusive convection is in good agreement with experimental results. Numerical results are very sensitive to discretization and correspond closest to experimental results when element sizes adequately define the spatial resolution of observed fingering. Numerical results also indicate that differences in the molecular diffusivity of sodium chloride and the dye used to visualize experimental sodium chloride concentrations are significant and cause inaccurate mapping of sodium chloride concentrations by the dye, especially at late times. As a result of reduced diffusion, simulated dye fingers are better defined than simulated sodium chloride fingers and exhibit more vertical mass transfer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002777","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.D., Sanford, W.E., and Vacher, H.L., 2005, Numerical simulation of double‐diffusive finger convection: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 1, W01019; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002777.","productDescription":"W01019; 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477916,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002777","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a690fe4b0c8380cd73b44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vacher, H. Leonard","contributorId":90529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vacher","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029255,"text":"70029255 - 2005 - Seismic architecture and lithofacies of turbidites in Lake Mead (Arizona and Nevada, U.S.A.), an analogue for topographically complex basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T13:05:30","indexId":"70029255","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic architecture and lithofacies of turbidites in Lake Mead (Arizona and Nevada, U.S.A.), an analogue for topographically complex basins","docAbstract":"Turbidites, which have accumulated in Lake Mead since completion of the Hoover Dam in 1935, have been mapped using high-resolution seismic and coring techniques. This lake is an exceptional natural laboratory for studying fine-grained turbidite systems in complex topographic settings. The lake comprises four relatively broad basins separated by narrow canyons, and turbidity currents run the full length of the lake. The mean grain size of turbidites is mostly coarse silt, and the sand content decreases from 11-30% in beds in the easternmost basin nearest the source to 3-14% in the central basins to 1-2% in the most distal basin. Regionally, the seismic amplitude mimics the core results and decreases away from the source. The facies and morphology of the sediment surface varies between basins and suggests a regional progression from higher-energy and possibly channelized flows in the easternmost basin to unchannelized flows in the central two basins to unchannelized flows that are ponded by the Hoover Dam in the westernmost basin. At the local scale, turbidites are nearly flat-lying in the central two basins, but here the morphology of the basin walls strongly affects the distribution of facies. One of the two basins is relatively narrow, and in sinuous sections reflection amplitude increases toward the outsides of meanders. Where a narrow canyon debouches into a broad basin, reflection amplitude decreases radially away from the canyon mouth and forms a fan-like deposit. The fine-grained nature of the turbidites in the most distal basin and the fact that reflections drape the underlying pre-impoundment surface suggest ponding here. The progression from ponding in the most distal basin to possibly channelized flows in the most proximal basin shows in plan view a progression similar to the stratigraphic progression documented in several minibasins in the Gulf of Mexico. Copyright ?? 2005, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2005.011","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Cross, V., Hanson, A., Buck, B., Zybala, J., and Rudin, M., 2005, Seismic architecture and lithofacies of turbidites in Lake Mead (Arizona and Nevada, U.S.A.), an analogue for topographically complex basins: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 75, no. 1, p. 134-148, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2005.011.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"148","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mead ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.9444580078125,\n              35.92909271208457\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.90899658203125,\n              35.92909271208457\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.90899658203125,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9444580078125,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9444580078125,\n              35.92909271208457\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8af5e4b08c986b3174c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cross, V.A.","contributorId":88687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, A.D.","contributorId":10607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buck, B.J.","contributorId":35938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buck","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zybala, J.G.","contributorId":59234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zybala","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rudin, M.J.","contributorId":59235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudin","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029254,"text":"70029254 - 2005 - Evaluating mixed samples as a source of error in non-invasive genetic studies using microsatellites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T15:10:41","indexId":"70029254","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating mixed samples as a source of error in non-invasive genetic studies using microsatellites","docAbstract":"<p>The use of noninvasive genetic sampling (NGS) for surveying wild populations is increasing rapidly. Currently, only a limited number of studies have evaluated potential biases associated with NGS. This paper evaluates the potential errors associated with analysing mixed samples drawn from multiple animals. Most NGS studies assume that mixed samples will be identified and removed during the genotyping process. We evaluated this assumption by creating 128 mixed samples of extracted DNA from brown bear (Ursus arctos) hair samples. These mixed samples were genotyped and screened for errors at six microsatellite loci according to protocols consistent with those used in other NGS studies. Five mixed samples produced acceptable genotypes after the first screening. However, all mixed samples produced multiple alleles at one or more loci, amplified as only one of the source samples, or yielded inconsistent electropherograms by the final stage of the error-checking process. These processes could potentially reduce the number of individuals observed in NGS studies, but errors should be conservative within demographic estimates. Researchers should be aware of the potential for mixed samples and carefully design gel analysis criteria and error checking protocols to detect mixed samples.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02385.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Roon, D.A., Thomas, M., Kendall, K., and Waits, L., 2005, Evaluating mixed samples as a source of error in non-invasive genetic studies using microsatellites: Molecular Ecology, v. 14, no. 1, p. 195-201, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02385.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210835,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02385.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0beae4b0c8380cd52939","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roon, David A.","contributorId":42922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roon","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, M.E.","contributorId":9059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, K.C.","contributorId":39716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waits, L.P.","contributorId":58987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029252,"text":"70029252 - 2005 - Seasonal to interannual morphodynamics along a high-energy dissipative littoral cell","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70029252","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal to interannual morphodynamics along a high-energy dissipative littoral cell","docAbstract":"A beach morphology monitoring program was initiated during summer 1997 along the Columbia River littoral cell (CRLC) on the coasts of northwest Oregon and southwest Washington, USA. This field program documents the seasonal through interannual morphological variability of these high-energy dissipative beaches over a variety of spatial scales. Following the installation of a dense network of geodetic control monuments, a nested sampling scheme consisting of cross-shore topographic beach profiles, three-dimensional topographic beach surface maps, nearshore bathymetric surveys, and sediment size distribution analyses was initiated. Beach monitoring is being conducted with state-of-the-art real-time kinematic differential global positioning system survey methods that combine both high accuracy and speed of measurement. Sampling methods resolve variability in beach morphology at alongshore length scales of approximately 10 meters to approximately 100 kilometers and cross-shore length scales of approximately 1 meter to approximately 2 kilometers. During the winter of 1997/1998, coastal change in the US Pacific Northwest was greatly influenced by one of the strongest El Nin??o events on record. Steeper than typical southerly wave angles resulted in alongshore sediment transport gradients and shoreline reorientation on a regional scale. The La Nin??a of 1998/1999, dominated by cross-shore processes associated with the largest recorded wave year in the region, resulted in net beach erosion along much of the littoral cell. The monitoring program successfully documented the morphological response to these interannual forcing anomalies as well as the subsequent beach recovery associated with three consecutive moderate wave years. These morphological observations within the CRLC can be generalized to explain overall system patterns; however, distinct differences in large-scale coastal behavior (e.g., foredune ridge morphology, sandbar morphometrics, and nearshore beach slopes) are not readily explained or understood.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/03-0029.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Ruggiero, P., Kaminsky, G.M., Gelfenbaum, G., and Voigt, B., 2005, Seasonal to interannual morphodynamics along a high-energy dissipative littoral cell: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 21, no. 3, p. 553-578, https://doi.org/10.2112/03-0029.1.","startPage":"553","endPage":"578","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210808,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/03-0029.1"},{"id":237837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88dfe4b08c986b316bf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruggiero, P.","contributorId":25995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaminsky, G. M.","contributorId":50586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminsky","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voigt, B.","contributorId":21755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voigt","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029248,"text":"70029248 - 2005 - Investigating surface water-well interaction using stable isotope ratios of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T08:57:10","indexId":"70029248","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating surface water-well interaction using stable isotope ratios of water","docAbstract":"<p><span>Because surface water can be a source of undesirable water quality in a drinking&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about water well\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/water-well\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/water-well\">water well</a>, an understanding of the amount of surface water and its travel time to the well is needed to assess a well's vulnerability. Stable&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about isotope ratios\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/isotope-ratios\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/isotope-ratios\">isotope ratios</a>&nbsp;of oxygen in&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about river water\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/river-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/river-water\">river water</a>&nbsp;at the City of La Crosse, Wisconsin, show peak-to-peak&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about seasonal variation\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/seasonal-variation\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/seasonal-variation\">seasonal variation</a>&nbsp;greater than 4‰ in 2001 and 2002. This seasonal signal was identified in 7 of 13 city municipal wells, indicating that these 7 wells have appreciable surface water contributions and are potentially vulnerable to contaminants in the surface water. When looking at wells with more than 6 sampling events, a larger variation in&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O compositions correlated with a larger fraction of surface water, suggesting that samples collected for oxygen&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about isotopic composition\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/isotopic-composition\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/isotopic-composition\">isotopic composition</a>&nbsp;over time may be useful for identifying the vulnerability to surface water influence even if a local&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about meteoric water\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/meteoric-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/meteoric-water\">meteoric water</a>&nbsp;line is not available.</span></p><p>A time series of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O from one of the municipal wells and from a&nbsp;piezometerlocated between the river and the municipal well showed that the travel time of flood water to the municipal well was approximately 2 months; non-flood arrival times were on the order of 9 months. Four independent methods were also used to assess time of travel. Three methods (groundwater temperature arrival times at the intermediate piezometer, virus-culture results, and&nbsp;particle tracking&nbsp;using a numerical&nbsp;groundwater-flow&nbsp;model) yielded flood and non-flood travel times of less than 1 year for this site.&nbsp;Age dating&nbsp;of one groundwater sample using&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H–<sup>3</sup>He methods estimated an age longer than 1 year, but was likely confounded by deviations from piston flow as noted by others. Chlorofluorocarbons and SF<sub>6</sub><span>analyses were not useful at this site due to degradation and contamination, respectively. This work illustrates the utility of stable hydrogen and&nbsp;oxygen isotope ratios&nbsp;of water to determine the contribution and travel time of surface water in groundwater, and demonstrates the importance of using multiple methods to improve estimates for time of travel of 1 year or less.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.07.010","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Coplen, T., Haas, N., Saad, D.A., and Borchardt, M., 2005, Investigating surface water-well interaction using stable isotope ratios of water: Journal of Hydrology, v. 302, no. 1-4, p. 154-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.07.010.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"172","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210748,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.07.010"}],"volume":"302","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e6ee4b0c8380cd63d99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, N.L.","contributorId":33496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saad, D. A.","contributorId":85212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Borchardt, M. A.","contributorId":62804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchardt","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029244,"text":"70029244 - 2005 - Survival of captive-reared Puerto Rican Parrots released in the Caribbean National Forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T15:13:30.947557","indexId":"70029244","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of captive-reared Puerto Rican Parrots released in the Caribbean National Forest","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report first-year survival for 34 captive-reared Puerto Rican Parrots (</span><i>Amazona vittata</i><span>) released in the Caribbean National Forest, Puerto Rico between 2000 and 2002. The purpose of the releases were to increase population size and the potential number of breeding individuals of the sole extant wild population, and to refine release protocols for eventual reintroduction of a second wild population elsewhere on the island. After extensive prerelease training, we released 10 parrots in 2000, 16 parrots in 2001, and eight parrots in 2002 ranging in age from 1–4 years old. All birds were equipped with radio-transmitters to monitor survival. The overall first-year survival estimate for the 34 parrots was 41% (CI = 22%–61%). Only one parrot died within the first week postrelease, with most (94%) surviving for at least eight weeks after release. Most (54%) documented mortalities were due to raptor predation, which claimed 21% of all released parrots. A captive-reared bird (male, age one), released in 2001, paired with a wild female and fledged two young in 2004. We also calculated survival based on 0% and 50% of observed predation losses and found hypothetical survival rates of 72% and 54%, respectively. Rigorous prerelease training and acclimation was believed to have improved initial postrelease parrot survival, and releasing mixed age-class groups suggests the potential for shortening the time to recruitment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/107.2.424","usgsCitation":"White, T.H., Collazo, J.A., and Vilella, F., 2005, Survival of captive-reared Puerto Rican Parrots released in the Caribbean National Forest: Condor, v. 107, no. 2, p. 424-432, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.2.424.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"432","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.2.424","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Caribbean National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -65.85823059082031,\n              18.254132567888902\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.80673217773438,\n              18.25021997706561\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.731201171875,\n              18.2515241837971\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.70236206054688,\n              18.317373879896916\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.77995300292969,\n              18.352570378258942\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.830078125,\n              18.34540130240112\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.8575439453125,\n              18.291949733550336\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.85823059082031,\n              18.254132567888902\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2cae4b08c986b31f974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Thomas H. Jr.","contributorId":201474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime A. 0000-0002-1816-7744","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-7744","contributorId":217287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vilella, Francisco 0000-0003-1552-9989 fvilella@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-9989","contributorId":171363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vilella","given":"Francisco","email":"fvilella@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029240,"text":"70029240 - 2005 - Habitat restoration as a means of controlling non-native fish in a Mojave desert Oasis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T15:22:24","indexId":"70029240","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat restoration as a means of controlling non-native fish in a Mojave desert Oasis","docAbstract":"<p>Non-native fish generally cause native fish decline, and once non-natives are established, control or elimination is usually problematic. Because non-native fish colonization has been greatest in anthropogenically altered habitats, restoring habitat similar to predisturbance conditions may offer a viable means of non-native fish control. In this investigation we identified habitats favoring native over non-native fish in a Mojave Desert oasis (Ash Meadows) and used this information to restore one of its major warm water spring systems (Kings Pool Spring). Prior to restoration, native fishes predominated in warm water (25-32??C) stream and spring-pool habitat, whereas non-natives predominated in cool water (???23??C) spring-pool and marsh/slack water habitat. Native Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis) and Ash Meadows speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis) inhabited significantly faster mean water column velocities (MWCV) and greater total depth (TD) than non-native Sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) and Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) in warm water stream habitat, and Ash Meadows speckled dace inhabited significantly faster water than non-natives in cool water stream habitat. Modification of the outflow of Kings Pool Spring from marsh to warm water stream, with MWCV, TD, and temperature favoring native fish, changed the fish composition from predominantly non-native Sailfin molly and Mosquitofish to predominantly Ash Meadows pupfish. This result supports the hypothesis that restoring spring systems to a semblance of predisturbance conditions would promote recolonization of native fishes and deter non-native fish invasion and proliferation. ?? 2005 Society for Ecological Restoration International.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00032.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"Scoppettone, G., Rissler, P., Gourley, C., and Martinez, C., 2005, Habitat restoration as a means of controlling non-native fish in a Mojave desert Oasis: Restoration Ecology, v. 13, no. 2, p. 247-256, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00032.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"256","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210639,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00032.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Ash Meadows","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.34933471679688,\n              36.49418152677429\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.38092041015625,\n              36.45829281489\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.37199401855467,\n              36.42846494058168\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.34933471679688,\n              36.39309854019842\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.34109497070311,\n              36.38149043210595\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.31843566894531,\n              36.379279167407965\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.31843566894531,\n              36.36490441440569\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.30813598632812,\n              36.357716041887734\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25045776367186,\n              36.357716041887734\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2470245361328,\n              36.42570252039198\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.26213073730467,\n              36.436751611390264\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2847900390625,\n              36.43343704922667\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.30744934082031,\n              36.46491967409621\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.31843566894531,\n              36.49031738714763\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.33560180664062,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.34933471679688,\n              36.49418152677429\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f1ee4b0c8380cd5cada","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scoppettone, G.G.","contributorId":22793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rissler, P.H.","contributorId":47539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rissler","given":"P.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gourley, C.","contributorId":78274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gourley","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martinez, C.","contributorId":25751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029239,"text":"70029239 - 2005 - Numerical methods for improving sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation of virus transport simulated using sorptive-reactive processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029239","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical methods for improving sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation of virus transport simulated using sorptive-reactive processes","docAbstract":"Using one- and two-dimensional homogeneous simulations, this paper addresses challenges associated with sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation for virus transport simulated using sorptive-reactive processes. Head, flow, and conservative- and virus-transport observations are considered. The paper examines the use of (1) observed-value weighting, (2) breakthrough-curve temporal moment observations, and (3) the significance of changes in the transport time-step size. The results suggest that (1) sensitivities using observed-value weighting are more susceptible to numerical solution variability, (2) temporal moments of the breakthrough curve are a more robust measure of sensitivity than individual conservative-transport observations, and (3) the transport-simulation time step size is more important than the inactivation rate in solution and about as important as at least two other parameters, reflecting the ease with which results can be influenced by numerical issues. The approach presented allows more accurate evaluation of the information provided by observations for estimation of parameters and generally improves the potential for reasonable parameter-estimation results. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.10.001","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Barth, G., and Hill, M.C., 2005, Numerical methods for improving sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation of virus transport simulated using sorptive-reactive processes: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 251-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.10.001.","startPage":"251","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210638,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.10.001"},{"id":237622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68ede4b0c8380cd73a89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barth, G.","contributorId":7069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029229,"text":"70029229 - 2005 - A cohabitation challenge to compare the efficacies of vaccines for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T16:15:34","indexId":"70029229","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cohabitation challenge to compare the efficacies of vaccines for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha","docAbstract":"<p>The relative efficacies of 1 commercial and 5 experimental vaccines for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) were compared through a cohabitation waterborne challenge. Groups of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were vaccinated with one of the following: (1) killed Renibacterium salmoninarum ATCC 33209 (Rs 33209) cells; (2) killed Rs 33209 cells which had been heated to 37??C for 48 h, a process that destroys the p57 protein; (3) killed R. salmoninarum MT239 (Rs MT239) cells; (4) heated Rs MT239 cells; (5) a recombinant version of the p57 protein (r-p57) emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA); (6) the commercial BKD vaccine Renogen; (7) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) emulsified with an equal volume of FIA; or (8) PBS alone. Following injection, each fish was marked with a subcutaneous fluorescent latex tag denoting its treatment group and the vaccinated fish were combined into sham and disease challenge tanks. Two weeks after these fish were vaccinated, separate groups of fish were injected with either PBS or live R. salmoninarum GL64 and were placed inside coated-wire mesh cylinders (liveboxes) in the sham and disease challenge tanks, respectively. Mortalities in both tanks were recorded for 285 d. Any mortalities among the livebox fish were replaced with an appropriate cohort (infected with R. salmoninarum or healthy) fish. None of the bacterins evaluated in this study induced protective immunity against the R. salmoninarum shed from the infected livebox fish. The percentage survival within the test groups in the R. salmoninarum challenge tank ranged from 59% (heated Rs MT239 bacterin) to 81 % (PBS emulsified with FIA). There were no differences in the percentage survival among the PBS-, PBS/FIA-, r-p57-and Renogen-injected groups. There also were no differences in survival among the bacterin groups, regardless of whether the bacterial cells had been heated or left untreated prior to injection. ?? Inter-Research 2005.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao063151","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Alcorn, S., Murray, A., Pascho, R., and Varney, J., 2005, A cohabitation challenge to compare the efficacies of vaccines for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 63, no. 2-3, p. 151-160, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao063151.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487535,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao063151","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237471,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbabe4b0b13d3919a2d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alcorn, S.","contributorId":17814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alcorn","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, A.L.","contributorId":70151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pascho, R.J.","contributorId":65796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascho","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Varney, J.","contributorId":72999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varney","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029221,"text":"70029221 - 2005 - Upstream migration of Pacific lampreys in the John Day River, Oregon: Behavior, timing, and habitat use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T15:10:28","indexId":"70029221","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upstream migration of Pacific lampreys in the John Day River, Oregon: Behavior, timing, and habitat use","docAbstract":"<p>Adult Pacific lamprey migration and habitat preferences for over-winter holding and spawning, and larval rearing in tributaries to the Columbia River are not well understood. The John Day River is one such tributary where larval and adult stages of this species have been documented, and its free-flowing character provided the opportunity to study migration of Pacific lampreys unimpeded by passage constraints. Forty-two adult Pacific lampreys were captured in the John Day River near its mouth during their upstream migration. Pacific lampreys were surgically implanted with radio transmitters and released onsite, and tracked by fixed-site, aerial, and terrestrial telemetry methods for nearly one year. Adults moved upstream exclusively at night, with a mean rate of 11.1 ?? 6.3 km/day. They halted upstream migration by September, and held a single position for approximately six months in the lateral margins of riffles and glides, using boulders for cover. More than half of Pacific lampreys resumed migration in March before ending movement in early May. Pacific lampreys that resumed migration in spring completed a median of 87% of their upstream migration before over-winter holding. Upon completing migration. Pacific lampreys briefly held position before beginning downstream movement at the end of May. Though not directly observed, halting migration and movement downstream were likely the result of spawning and death. Gains in adult Pacific lamprey passage through the Columbia River hydrosystem and tributaries may be made by improvements that would expedite migration during spring and summer and increase the quantity and variety of cover and refuge opportunities. ?? 2005 by the Northwest Scientific Association. All rights reserved.</p>","language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Robinson, T.C., and Bayer, J., 2005, Upstream migration of Pacific lampreys in the John Day River, Oregon: Behavior, timing, and habitat use: Northwest Science, v. 79, no. 2-3, p. 106-119.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.69305419921874,\n              45.69275137290873\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.67657470703124,\n              45.515970517182474\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.68206787109375,\n              45.10454630976873\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.51177978515625,\n              44.735027899515465\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.79217529296876,\n              44.623708968901205\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.55047607421875,\n              44.482789890501586\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.927001953125,\n              44.37098696297173\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.62213134765626,\n              45.08321794926837\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.71551513671876,\n              45.29421101337773\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.56146240234375,\n              45.160737441973495\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.90203857421875,\n              44.96285457777543\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.19317626953124,\n              44.824708282300236\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.311279296875,\n              44.96479793033104\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.2947998046875,\n              45.52751668442124\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.58593749999999,\n              45.73685954736049\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.69305419921874,\n              45.69275137290873\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd6fe4b08c986b329012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, T. Craig","contributorId":93266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Craig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029212,"text":"70029212 - 2005 - A model for wave control on coral breakage and species distribution in the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70029212","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for wave control on coral breakage and species distribution in the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"The fringing reef off southern Molokai, Hawaii, is currently being studied as part of a multi-disciplinary project led by the US Geological Survey. As part of this study, modeling and field observations were utilized to help understand the physical controls on reef morphology and the distribution of different coral species. A model was developed that calculates wave-induced hydrodynamic forces on corals of a specific form and mechanical strength. From these calculations, the wave conditions under which specific species of corals would either be stable or would break due to the imposed wave-induced forces were determined. By combining this hydrodynamic force-balance model with various wave model output for different oceanographic conditions experienced in the study area, we were able to map the locations where specific coral species should be stable (not subject to frequent breakage) in the study area. The combined model output was then compared with data on coral species distribution and coral cover at 12 sites along Molokai's south shore. Observations and modeling suggest that the transition from one coral species to another may occur when the ratio of the coral colony's mechanical strengths to the applied (wave-induced) forces may be as great as 5:1, and not less than 1:1 when corals would break. This implies that coral colony's mechanical strength and wave-induced forces may be important in defining gross coral community structure over large (orders of 10's of meters) spatial scales. ?? Springer-Verlag 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00338-004-0430-x","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Brown, E., Field, M., Rodgers, K., and Jokiel, P., 2005, A model for wave control on coral breakage and species distribution in the Hawaiian Islands: Coral Reefs, v. 24, no. 1, p. 43-55, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-004-0430-x.","startPage":"43","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-004-0430-x"},{"id":237798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e47ee4b0c8380cd46674","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, E.K.","contributorId":97311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodgers, K.","contributorId":85391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jokiel, P. L.","contributorId":80367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jokiel","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029204,"text":"70029204 - 2005 - Influence of climatic variability on local population dynamics of a Sonoran Desert platyopuntia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029204","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of climatic variability on local population dynamics of a Sonoran Desert platyopuntia","docAbstract":"Age-based population dynamics of Opuntia engelmannii, a shrubby cactus with flattened cladodes, were investigated at a Sonoran Desert site protected from grazing since 1907. Demographic statistics were determined from births and deaths on six permanent vegetation plots mapped four times between 1968 and 2001. Moderate longevity (13-56 years) and modest per capita annual survival (0.9298) were associated with fairly rapid turnover; cycles of population growth and decline were thus evident over relatively short periods. Age-frequency distribution, determined for subpopulations in two neighboring habitats in 1996 and 2003, was used to calculate residual regeneration, an index of the difference between observed cohort size and idealized survivorship. Establishment peaks occurred in the late 1970s, the mid-1980s, and the early to mid-1990s and coincided with increased winter moisture in the years before germination, ample summer rain in the year of germination, and decreased drought in the years after germination, reflecting favorable conditions for fruit production, seed germination, and seedling survival. Regionally, pulses and gaps in establishment coincide with the frequency and amplitude of large-scale climatic phenomena that affect cycles of moisture and drought on decadal and interdecadal scales. Because of local factors, however, subpopulations within a few km of one another can experience virtually identical climates yet differ strikingly in age structure and density. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.09.003","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Bowers, J.E., 2005, Influence of climatic variability on local population dynamics of a Sonoran Desert platyopuntia: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 61, no. 2, p. 193-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.09.003.","startPage":"193","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210665,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.09.003"},{"id":237658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b19e4b0c8380cd6221d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, Janice E.","contributorId":18119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70029185,"text":"70029185 - 2005 - Bioeconomic analysis of selected conservation practices on soil erosion and freshwater fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-25T13:24:58.788832","indexId":"70029185","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioeconomic analysis of selected conservation practices on soil erosion and freshwater fisheries","docAbstract":"<p><span>Farmers can generate environmental benefits (improved water quality and fisheries and wildlife habitat), but they may not be able to quantify them. Furthermore, farmers may reduce their incomes from managing lands to produce these positive externalities but receive little monetary compensation in return. This study simulated the relationship between agricultural practices, water quality, fish responses to suspended sediment and farm income within two small watersheds, one of a cool water stream and one of a warm water stream. Using the Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model, this study related best management practices (BMPs) to calculated instream suspended sediment concentrations by estimating sediment delivery, runoff, base flow, and streambank erosion to quantify the effects of suspended sediment exposure on fish communities. By implementing selected BMPs in each watershed, annual net farm income declined $18,000 to $28,000 (1 to 3 percent) from previous levels. “Lethal” fish events from suspended sediments in the cool water watershed decreased by 60 percent as conservation tillage and riparian buffers increased. Despite reducing suspended sediments by 25 percent, BMPs in the warm water watershed did not reduce the negative response of the fisheries. Differences in responses (physical and biological) between watersheds highlight potential gains in economic efficiency by targeting BMPs or by offering performance based “green payments.”</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03737.x","usgsCitation":"Westra, J., Zimmerman, J.K., and Vondracek, B.C., 2005, Bioeconomic analysis of selected conservation practices on soil erosion and freshwater fisheries: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 41, no. 2, p. 309-322, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03737.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f14be4b0c8380cd4ab7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westra, John","contributorId":201503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westra","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, J. K. H.","contributorId":105898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vondracek, Bruce C. bcv@usgs.gov","contributorId":904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"Bruce","email":"bcv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029170,"text":"70029170 - 2005 - Mineralogical and geochemical consequences of the long-term presence of CO2 in natural reservoirs: An example from the Springerville-St. Johns Field, Arizona, and New Mexico, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029170","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogical and geochemical consequences of the long-term presence of CO2 in natural reservoirs: An example from the Springerville-St. Johns Field, Arizona, and New Mexico, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The Springerville-St. Johns CO2 field in eastern Arizona and western New Mexico is one of more than a dozen gas fields developed within the Colorado Plateau and Southern Rocky Mountain region. Extensive travertine (CaCO3) deposits record a long history of CO2 migration and leakage to the atmosphere. The oldest travertine deposits may have formed during the initial filling of the CO2 reservoir when groundwaters exsolved CO2 upon reaching the surface. The youngest travertine deposits are associated with springs on the floor of the Little Colorado River valley, but travertine deposition appears to be insignificant today. Older deposits occur up to 325 m above the valley floor. Geologic relationships suggest travertine deposition began in the late Pleistocene after volcanic activity ended at ???0.3 Ma. Most of the CaCO3 could have been derived from dissolution of the underlying limestones and dolomites. Interactions between the reservoir fluids and rocks were observed in core samples from one of the intervals that produced dry gas. These reactions resulted in the dissolution of carbonate cements and detrital feldspars and the formation of dawsonite and kaolinite. Geochemical simulations suggest that the dawsonite could have been deposited when the CO2 fugacity reached 20 bars and that the kaolinite formed as the CO2 fugacity decreased. Corrosion of drill pipe by acidic waters and a pronounced HCO3 anomaly above the CO2 reservoir provide evidence of a continuing flux of CO2 from depth. CO2 storage occurs primarily as dissolved carbonate species and as gas accumulations. Only a small percentage of the CO2 was sequestered in secondary minerals. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.12.019","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Moore, J., Adams, M., Allis, R., Lutz, S., and Rauzi, S., 2005, Mineralogical and geochemical consequences of the long-term presence of CO2 in natural reservoirs: An example from the Springerville-St. Johns Field, Arizona, and New Mexico, U.S.A: Chemical Geology, v. 217, no. 3-4 SPEC. ISS., p. 365-385, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.12.019.","startPage":"365","endPage":"385","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210693,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.12.019"},{"id":237690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"217","issue":"3-4 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5a92e4b0c8380cd6ef91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Jeff","contributorId":49059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":421611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, M.","contributorId":81176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allis, R.","contributorId":14606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allis","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lutz, S.","contributorId":40005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rauzi, S.","contributorId":70179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauzi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031394,"text":"70031394 - 2005 - Unexpected trend in the compositional maturity of second-cycle sand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031394","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unexpected trend in the compositional maturity of second-cycle sand","docAbstract":"It is generally accepted that recycling of sandstone generates relatively more mature sand than its parent sandstone. Such maturity is accomplished mainly through chemical weathering as the chemically unstable minerals are eliminated. Because chemical weathering is ubiquitous on the Earth's surface, maturity due to recycling is expected in most geological settings. However, contrary to one's expectation, second-cycle Holocene sand, exclusively derived from sandy facies of the first-cycle Pennsylvanian-Permian Cutler Formation, is actually less mature than its first-cycle parent near Gateway, Colorado. Both the Cutler sandstone and Holocene sand were the products of similar geological processes that controlled their respective composition. In spite of such similarities, a significant difference in composition is observed. We propose that the unexpected immaturity in second-cycle Holocene sand may be due to mechanical disintegration of coarse-grained feldspar and feldspar-rich rock fragments into relatively smaller fractions. Results presented in this paper are the first quantitative estimation of recycling of parent sandstone into daughter sand, and the first observed reverse maturity trend in second-cycle sand. These unexpected results suggest the need for further research to quantitatively understand the recycling process. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.05.008","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Solano-Acosta, W., and Dutta, P., 2005, Unexpected trend in the compositional maturity of second-cycle sand: Sedimentary Geology, v. 178, no. 3-4, p. 275-283, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.05.008.","startPage":"275","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212202,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.05.008"},{"id":239653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc7be4b08c986b328c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solano-Acosta, W.","contributorId":29212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solano-Acosta","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dutta, P.K.","contributorId":30037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutta","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029138,"text":"70029138 - 2005 - TREMOR: A wireless MEMS accelerograph for dense arrays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70029138","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"TREMOR: A wireless MEMS accelerograph for dense arrays","docAbstract":"The ability of a strong-motion network to resolve wavefields can be described on three axes: frequency, amplitude, and space. While the need for spatial resolution is apparent, for practical reasons that axis is often neglected. TREMOR is a MEMS-based accelerograph using wireless Internet to minimize lifecycle cost. TREMOR instruments can economically augment traditional ones, residing between them to improve spatial resolution. The TREMOR instrument described here has dynamic range of 96 dB between ??2 g, or 102 dB between ??4 g. It is linear to ???1% of full scale (FS), with a response function effectively shaped electronically. We developed an economical, very low noise, accurate (???1%FS) temperature compensation method. Displacement is easily recovered to 10-cm accuracy at full bandwidth, and better with care. We deployed prototype instruments in Oakland, California, beginning in 1998, with 13 now at mean spacing of ???3 km - one of the most densely instrumented urban centers in the United States. This array is among the quickest in returning (PGA, PGV, Sa) vectors to ShakeMap, ???75 to 100 s. Some 13 events have been recorded. A ShakeMap and an example of spatial variability are shown. Extensive tests of the prototypes for a commercial instrument are described here and in a companion paper. ?? 2005, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1856534","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Evans, J., Hamstra, R., Kundig, C., Camina, P., and Rogers, J.A., 2005, TREMOR: A wireless MEMS accelerograph for dense arrays: Earthquake Spectra, v. 21, no. 1, p. 91-124, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1856534.","startPage":"91","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210804,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1856534"},{"id":237830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba392e4b08c986b31fd75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, J.R.","contributorId":50526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamstra, R.H. Jr.","contributorId":6246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamstra","given":"R.H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kundig, C.","contributorId":37948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kundig","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Camina, P.","contributorId":46755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camina","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogers, J. A.","contributorId":90721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029126,"text":"70029126 - 2005 - An assessment of Idaho's wildlife management areas for the protection of wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T16:42:47.148256","indexId":"70029126","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of Idaho's wildlife management areas for the protection of wildlife","docAbstract":"Since 1940, Idaho Department of Fish and Game has developed a network of 31 Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) across the state. This program has been focused mostly on conservation of game species and their habitats. We assessed the contribution of Idaho's WMAs to conservation of all Idaho's wildlife and other aspects of ecological diversity. Predicted occurrences of species' breeding habitats and other data were used to evaluate the representation of wildlife habitat and other ecological conditions. We found 33 of 39 natural land cover types were mapped as occurring in WMAs. WMAs occurred in 10 of 15 of Bailey's ecoregion sections, absent only from two sections that occupy greater than 1% of Idaho. Percent area of WMAs by elevation followed a pattern similar to percent area of Idaho; however, mean elevation for WMAs was lower than for the state and other protected areas in Idaho. We predicted breeding habitat for 98.4% of Idaho's wildlife and all federal and state listed threatened, endangered, or candidate terrestrial vertebrates to occur in at least one WMA. We predicted habitat for 39 species to occur on five or fewer WMAs, and predicted no habitat on WMAs for five species. We found that a system of WMAs established mainly to protect game species potentially conserves many other aspects of Idaho's ecological diversity, may provide habitat for more than 98% of Idaho's wildlife, and complements other protected areas in the state.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Karl, J., Scott, J.M., and Strand, E., 2005, An assessment of Idaho's wildlife management areas for the protection of wildlife: Natural Areas Journal, v. 25, no. 1, p. 36-45.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403927,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43912365"}],"country":"United 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M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strand, Espen","contributorId":91280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strand","given":"Espen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029123,"text":"70029123 - 2005 - Acute toxicity of six freshwater mussel species (Glochidia) to six chemicals: Implications for daphnids and Utterbackia imbecillis as surrogates for protection of freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029123","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity of six freshwater mussel species (Glochidia) to six chemicals: Implications for daphnids and Utterbackia imbecillis as surrogates for protection of freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","docAbstract":"Acute (24-h) toxicity tests were used in this study to compare lethality responses in early life stages (glochidia) of six freshwater mussel species, Leptodea fragilis, U. imbecillis, Lampsilis cardium, Lampsilis siliquoidea, Megalonaias nervosa, and Ligumia subrostrata, and two standard test organisms, Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia magna. Concentrations of carbaryl, copper, 4-nonylphenol, pentachlorophenol, permethrin, and 2,4-D were used in acute exposures to represent different chemical classes and modes of action. The relative sensitivities of species were evaluated by ranking their LC 50 values for each chemical. We used these ranks to determine the extent to which U. imbecillis (one of the most commonly used unionids in toxicity tests) was representative of the tolerances of other mussels. We also calculated geometric mean LC50s for the families Unionidae and Daphnidae. Rankings of these data were used to assess the extent to which Daphnidae can be used as surrogates for freshwater mussels relative to chemical sensitivity. While no single chemical elicited consistently high or low toxicity estimates, carbaryl and 2,4-D were generally the least toxic to all species tested. No species was always the most sensitive, and Daphnidae were generally protective of Unionidae. Utterbackia imbecillis, while often proposed as a standard unionid mussel test species, did not always qualify as a sufficient surrogate (i.e., a substitute organism that often elicits similar sensitivity responses to the same contaminant exposure) for other species of mussels, since it was usually one of the more tolerant species in our rankings. U. imbecillis should be used as a surrogate species only with this caution on its relative insensitivity. ?? 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-003-3125-3","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Milam, C., Farris, J., Dwyer, F., and Hardesty, D., 2005, Acute toxicity of six freshwater mussel species (Glochidia) to six chemicals: Implications for daphnids and Utterbackia imbecillis as surrogates for protection of freshwater mussels (Unionidae): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 48, no. 2, p. 166-173, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-3125-3.","startPage":"166","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-3125-3"},{"id":237580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6dee4b0c8380cd476ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milam, C.D.","contributorId":65197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milam","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, J.L.","contributorId":88849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardesty, D.K.","contributorId":43935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029120,"text":"70029120 - 2005 - Disturbance of eelgrass Zostera marina by commercial mussel Mytilus edulis harvesting in Maine: Dragging impacts and habitat recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T16:49:06.736759","indexId":"70029120","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Disturbance of eelgrass <i>Zostera marina</i> by commercial mussel <i>Mytilus edulis</i> harvesting in Maine: Dragging impacts and habitat recovery","title":"Disturbance of eelgrass Zostera marina by commercial mussel Mytilus edulis harvesting in Maine: Dragging impacts and habitat recovery","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied the effects of commercial harvest of blue mussels&nbsp;</span><i>Mytilus edulis</i><span>&nbsp;on eelgrass&nbsp;</span><i>Zostera marina<span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>L. in Maquoit Bay, Maine, USA, at a hierarchy of scales. We used aerial photography, underwater video, and eelgrass population- and shoot-based measurements to quantify dragging impacts within 4 sites that had been disturbed at different times over an approximate 7 yr interval, and to project eelgrass meadow recovery rates. Dragging had disturbed 10% of the eelgrass cover in Maquoit Bay, with dragged sites ranging from 3.4 to 31.8 ha in size. Dragging removed above- and belowground plant material from the majority of the bottom in the disturbed sites. One year following dragging, eelgrass shoot density, shoot height and total biomass of disturbed sites averaged respectively 2 to 3%, 46 to 61% and &lt;1% that of the reference sites. Substantial differences in eelgrass biomass persisted between disturbed and reference sites up to 7 yr after dragging. Dragging did not affect physical characteristics of the sediment. The pattern and rate of eelgrass bed recovery depended strongly on initial dragging intensity; areas of relatively light dragging with many remnant eelgrass patches (i.e. patches that were missed by the mussel dredge) showed considerable revegetation in 1 yr. However, by developing recovery trajectories from measurements at sites disturbed in different years, we projected that it would require a mean of 10.6 yr for recovery of eelgrass shoot density within the areas of intense dragging characterizing most of the disturbed sites. A spatial simulation model based on measured rates of lateral patch-expansion (mean 12.5 cm yr</span><sup>-1</sup><span>) and new-patch recruitment (mean 0.19 patches m</span><sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>-1</sup><span>) yielded a mean bed recovery time of 9 to 11 yr following dragging, depending on initial degree of plant removal. Model simulations suggested that with favorable environmental conditions, eelgrass beds might recover from dragging disturbance in 6 yr; conversely, recovery under conditions less conducive to eelgrass growth could require 20 yr or longer. This study shows that mussel dragging poses a severe threat to eelgrass in this region and that regulations to protect eelgrass from dragging impacts would maintain the integrity of a substantial amount of habitat.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps285057","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., Short, F.T., Barker, S., and Kopp, B.S., 2005, Disturbance of eelgrass Zostera marina by commercial mussel Mytilus edulis harvesting in Maine: Dragging impacts and habitat recovery: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 285, p. 57-73, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps285057.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps285057","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Maquoit Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.05260467529297,\n              43.79042818348387\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.01346588134766,\n              43.837498549851624\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.98634338378906,\n              43.866713048323184\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.99698638916016,\n              43.86696056766485\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.00865936279297,\n              43.85978208946686\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.01930236816406,\n              43.859039438939455\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.04505157470703,\n              43.841955923776396\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.05706787109375,\n              43.82412443010574\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.07080078125,\n              43.80727868289013\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.07354736328125,\n              43.793402146335886\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.05260467529297,\n              43.79042818348387\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"285","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a032ee4b0c8380cd5039b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neckles, Hilary A. 0000-0002-5662-2314 hneckles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-2314","contributorId":3821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"Hilary","email":"hneckles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Short, Frederick T.","contributorId":72078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barker, Seth","contributorId":41536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Seth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kopp, Blaine S.","contributorId":99648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopp","given":"Blaine","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029110,"text":"70029110 - 2005 - Enhanced zinc consumption causes memory deficits and increased brain levels of zinc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:03:02","indexId":"70029110","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3077,"text":"Physiology & Behavior","printIssn":"0031-9384","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced zinc consumption causes memory deficits and increased brain levels of zinc","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id12\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id13\"><p>Zinc deficiency has been shown to impair cognitive functioning, but little work has been done on the effects of elevated zinc. This research examined the effect on memory of raising Sprague–Dawley rats on enhanced levels of zinc (10 ppm ZnCO<sub>3</sub>; 0.153 mM) in the drinking water for periods of 3 or 9 months, both pre- and postnatally. Controls were raised on lab water. Memory was tested in a series of Morris Water Maze (MWM) experiments, and zinc-treated rats were found to have impairments in both reference and working memory. They were significantly slower to find a stationary platform and showed greater thigmotaxicity, a measure of anxiety. On a working memory task, where the platform was moved each day, zinc-treated animals had longer latencies over both trials and days, swam further from the platform, and showed greater thigmotaxicity. On trials using an Atlantis platform, which remained in one place but was lowered on probe trials, the zinc-treated animals had significantly fewer platform crossings, spent less time in the target quadrant, and did not swim as close to the platform position. They had significantly greater latency on nonprobe trials. Microprobe synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (μSXRF) confirmed that brain zinc levels were increased by adding ZnCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>to the drinking water. These data show that long-term dietary administration of zinc can lead to impairments in cognitive function.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.10.009","issn":"00319384","usgsCitation":"Flinn, J., Hunter, D., Linkous, D., Lanzirotti, A., Smith, L., Brightwell, J., and Jones, B., 2005, Enhanced zinc consumption causes memory deficits and increased brain levels of zinc: Physiology & Behavior, v. 83, no. 5, p. 793-803, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.10.009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"803","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.10.009"}],"volume":"83","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0970e4b0c8380cd51ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flinn, J.M.","contributorId":45892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinn","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, D.","contributorId":70130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linkous, D.H.","contributorId":81303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linkous","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanzirotti, A.","contributorId":52772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanzirotti","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, L.N.","contributorId":20533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brightwell, J.","contributorId":20142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightwell","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70029106,"text":"70029106 - 2005 - Engineering geologic and geotechnical analysis of paleoseismic shaking using liquefaction effects: Field examples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70029106","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Engineering geologic and geotechnical analysis of paleoseismic shaking using liquefaction effects: Field examples","docAbstract":"The greatest impediments to the widespread acceptance of back-calculated ground motion characteristics from paleoliquefaction studies typically stem from three uncertainties: (1) the significance of changes in the geotechnical properties of post-liquefied sediments (e.g., \"aging\" and density changes), (2) the selection of appropriate geotechnical soil indices from individual paleoliquefaction sites, and (3) the methodology for integration of back-calculated results of strength of shaking from individual paleoliquefaction sites into a regional assessment of paleoseismic strength of shaking. Presented herein are two case studies that illustrate the methods outlined by Olson et al. [Engineering Geology, this issue] for addressing these uncertainties. The first case study is for a site near Memphis, Tennessee, wherein cone penetration test data from side-by-side locations, one of liquefaction and the other of no liquefaction, are used to readily discern that the influence of post-liquefaction \"aging\" and density changes on the measured in situ soil indices is minimal. In the second case study, 12 sites that are at scattered locations in the Wabash Valley and that exhibit paleoliquefaction features are analyzed. The features are first provisionally attributed to the Vincennes Earthquake, which occurred around 6100 years BP, and are used to illustrate our proposed approach for selecting representative soil indices of the liquefied sediments. These indices are used in back-calculating the strength of shaking at the individual sites, the results from which are then incorporated into a regional assessment of the moment magnitude, M, of the Vincennes Earthquake. The regional assessment validated the provisional assumption that the paleoliquefaction features at the scattered sites were induced by the Vincennes Earthquake, in the main, which was determined to have M ??? 7.5. The uncertainties and assumptions used in the assessment are discussed in detail. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.07.026","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Green, R., Obermeier, S., and Olson, S., 2005, Engineering geologic and geotechnical analysis of paleoseismic shaking using liquefaction effects: Field examples: Engineering Geology, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 263-293, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.07.026.","startPage":"263","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210855,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.07.026"},{"id":237901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0956e4b0c8380cd51e99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, R.A.","contributorId":52378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Obermeier, S. F.","contributorId":17602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obermeier","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, S.M.","contributorId":59225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029103,"text":"70029103 - 2005 - Consequences of harvesting for genetic diversity in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.): A simulation study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70029103","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of harvesting for genetic diversity in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.): A simulation study","docAbstract":"American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius L., is one of the most heavily traded medicinal plants in North America. The effect of harvest on genetic diversity in ginseng was measured with a single generation culling simulation program. Culling scenarios included random harvest at varying levels, legal limit random harvest and legal limit mature plant harvest. The legal limit was determined by the proportion of legally harvestable plants per population (% mature plants per population). Random harvest at varying levels resulted in significant loss of genetic diversity, especially allelic richness. Relative to initial levels, average within-population genetic diversity (H e) was significantly lower when plants were culled randomly at the legal limit (Mann-Whitney U = 430, p < 0.001) or when only mature plants were culled (Mann-Whitney U = 394, p < 0.01). Within-population genetic diversity was significantly higher with legal limit mature plant harvest (H e = 0.068) than when plants were culled randomly at the legal limit (H e = 0.064; U = 202, p < 0.01). Based on these simulations of harvest over one generation, we recommend that harvesting fewer than the proportion of mature plants could reduce the negative genetic effects of harvest on ginseng populations. ?? Springer 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biodiversity and Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10531-004-7308-7","issn":"09603115","usgsCitation":"Cruse-Sanders, J., Hamrick, J., and Ahumada, J., 2005, Consequences of harvesting for genetic diversity in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.): A simulation study: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 14, no. 2, p. 493-504, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-7308-7.","startPage":"493","endPage":"504","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210769,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-7308-7"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9d5e4b0c8380cd4d7e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cruse-Sanders, J. M.","contributorId":8281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruse-Sanders","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamrick, J.L.","contributorId":70991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamrick","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahumada, J.A.","contributorId":51710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahumada","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029100,"text":"70029100 - 2005 - Effects of pressure on aqueous chemical equilibria at subzero temperatures with applications to Europa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70029100","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of pressure on aqueous chemical equilibria at subzero temperatures with applications to Europa","docAbstract":"Pressure plays a critical role in controlling aqueous geochemical processes in deep oceans and deep ice. The putative ocean of Europa could have pressures of 1200 bars or higher on the seafloor, a pressure not dissimilar to the deepest ocean basin on Earth (the Mariana Trench at 1100 bars of pressure). At such high pressures, chemical thermodynamic relations need to explicitly consider pressure. A number of papers have addressed the role of pressure on equilibrium constants, activity coefficients, and the activity of water. None of these models deal, however, with processes at subzero temperatures, which may be important in cold environments on Earth and other planetary bodies. The objectives of this work were to (1) incorporate a pressure dependence into an existing geochemical model parameterized for subzero temperatures (FREZCHEM), (2) validate the model, and (3) simulate pressure-dependent processes on Europa. As part of objective 1, we examined two models for quantifying the volumetric properties of liquid water at subzero temperatures: one model is based on the measured properties of supercooled water, and the other model is based on the properties of liquid water in equilibrium with ice. The relative effect of pressure on solution properties falls in the order: equilibrium constants(K) > activity coefficients (??) > activity of water (aw). The errors (%) in our model associated with these properties, however, fall in the order: ?? > K > aw. The transposition between K and ?? is due to a more accurate model for estimating K than for estimating ??. Only activity coefficients are likely to be significantly in error. However, even in this case, the errors are likely to be only in the range of 2 to 5% up to 1000 bars of pressure. Evidence based on the pressure/temperature melting of ice and salt solution densities argue in favor of the equilibrium water model, which depends on extrapolations, for characterizing the properties of liquid water in electrolyte solutions at subzero temperatures, rather than the supercooled water model. Model-derived estimates of mixed salt solution densities and chemical equilibria as a function of pressure are in reasonably good agreement with experimental measurements. To demonstrate the usefulness of this low-temperature, high-pressure model, we examined two hypothetical cases for Europa. Case 1 dealt with the ice cover of Europa, where we asked the question: How far above the putative ocean in the ice layer could we expect to find thermodynamically stable brine pockets that could serve as habitats for life? For a hypothetical nonconvecting 20 km icy shell, this potential life zone only extends 2.8 km into the icy shell before the eutectic is reached. For the case of a nonconvecting icy shell, the cold surface of Europa precludes stable aqueous phases (habitats for life) anywhere near the surface. Case 2 compared chemical equilibria at 1 bar (based on previous work) with a more realistic 1460 bars of pressure at the base of a 100 km Europan ocean. A pressure of 1460 bars, compared to 1 bar, caused a 12 K decrease in the temperature at which ice first formed and a 11 K increase in the temperature at which MgSO4. 12H2O first formed. Remarkably, there was only a 1.2 K decrease in the eutectic temperatures between 1 and 1460 bars of pressure. Chemical systems and their response to pressure depend, ultimately, on the volumetric properties of individual constituents, which makes every system response highly individualistic. Copyright ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.024","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Marion, G., Kargel, J., Catling, D., and Jakubowski, S., 2005, Effects of pressure on aqueous chemical equilibria at subzero temperatures with applications to Europa: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 2, p. 259-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.024.","startPage":"259","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210739,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.024"},{"id":237756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a078de4b0c8380cd51757","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, G.M.","contributorId":44691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Catling, D.C.","contributorId":78135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catling","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jakubowski, S.D.","contributorId":87743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakubowski","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029082,"text":"70029082 - 2005 - Invertebrate eggs can fly: Evidence of waterfowl-mediated gene flow in aquatic invertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029082","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invertebrate eggs can fly: Evidence of waterfowl-mediated gene flow in aquatic invertebrates","docAbstract":"Waterfowl often have been assumed to disperse freshwater aquatic organisms between isolated wetlands, but no one has analyzed the impact of this transport on the population structure of aquatic organisms. For three cladocerans (Daphnia ambigua, Daphnia laevis, and Sida crystallina) and one bryozoan (Cristatella mucedo), we estimated the genetic distances between populations across North America using sequences of several mitochondrial DNA genes and genotypic frequencies at allozyme and microsatellite loci. Waterfowl movements across North America (estimated from band recovery data) explained a significant proportion of the gene flow occurring between populations across the continent for three of the four species, even after controlling for geographic distances between localities. The fourth species, S. crystallina, has propagules less likely to survive desiccation or ingestion by birds. Differences in the capacity to exploit bird-mediated transport are likely to have important consequences for the ecology of aquatic communities and the spread of invasive species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/427092","issn":"00030147","usgsCitation":"Figuerola, J., Green, A., and Michot, T., 2005, Invertebrate eggs can fly: Evidence of waterfowl-mediated gene flow in aquatic invertebrates: American Naturalist, v. 165, no. 2, p. 274-280, https://doi.org/10.1086/427092.","startPage":"274","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477798,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/40921","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210519,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/427092"},{"id":237462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e5ee4b0c8380cd63d06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Figuerola, J.","contributorId":65277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figuerola","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, A.J.","contributorId":51529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michot, T.C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":43426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029081,"text":"70029081 - 2005 - The role of shoreland development and commercial cranberry farming in a lake in Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029081","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of shoreland development and commercial cranberry farming in a lake in Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Musky Bay in Lac Courte Oreilles, Wisconsin, USA, is currently eutrophic. This large, shallow bay of an oligotrophic lake possesses the densest aquatic plant growth and a floating algal mat. Paleoecological reconstructions encompassing the last 130 years, were based on multiproxy analyses of sediment cores from three coring sites, two within the bay and one in the lake itself. These data were compared to historical records of the construction and expansion of two commercial cranberry bogs and shoreline residential homes to identify temporal and causal relations of eutrophication. The proxies investigated included: minor and trace elements; biogenic silica; and the diatom community. Post-depositional diagenesis of organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the upper 30 cm of the core obscured records of historical ambient nutrient concentrations in the bay obviating their usefulness for this purpose. In contrast, calcium, magnesium, and potassium concentration profiles appeared to reflect runoff of soil amendments applied to the cranberry bogs and aerial fertilizer spraying over the eastern bog adjacent to Musky Bay. The increase in aluminum content since about 1930 coincided with the historical trend in shoreland development and construction of the original commercial cranberry farm. The biogenic silica profile recorded a steady increase of nutrients to Musky Bay over the last several decades. Stratigraphic changes in the diatom community indicated that nutrient input began to increase in the 1940s and accelerated in the mid-1990s with the onset of a noxious floating algal mat. The diatom community indicates the bay has possessed a significant macrophyte community for at least the last 200 years, but increased nutrient input was manifested by a change in the composition, and an increase in the density of the epiphytic diatom community. Cranberry farming appeared to be the major source of nutrients because the diatom community changes occurred prior to the significant increase in residential housing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10933-004-3990-4","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Garrison, P., and Fitzgerald, S., 2005, The role of shoreland development and commercial cranberry farming in a lake in Wisconsin, USA: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 33, no. 2, p. 169-188, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-004-3990-4.","startPage":"169","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210493,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-004-3990-4"},{"id":237429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf97e4b08c986b3248e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, P.J.","contributorId":86072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzgerald, S.A.","contributorId":94348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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