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,{"id":70178296,"text":"70178296 - 2001 - Age and sex determination of the Maui Parrotbill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:05:37","indexId":"70178296","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and sex determination of the Maui Parrotbill","docAbstract":"<p><span>We determined the best plumage and morphometric variables for ageing and sexing the Maui Parrotbill (</span><i>Pseudonestor xanthophrys</i><span>), an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper found only on east Maui, Hawaii, by examining and measuring 30 museum specimens and 71 live birds captured in mist nets. Juvenal plumage was identified by the presence of pale-tipped wing bars on the middle and greater coverts, grayish olive dorsal plumage, and dingy white underparts and superciliaries. Birds undergoing first prebasic molt retained the juvenal remiges, rectrices, and wing coverts. Birds in first basic plumage possessed juvenal wing bars and a dull juvenal-like plumage. Subsequent molts were complete, and adults lacked wing bars. Adult males had bright yellow plumage on the cheeks, throat, and superciliaries, as did 27% of adult females. All other adult females had less yellow in the underparts. The dorsal plumage of adult females was more variable than adult males and was either yellow-olive like the males or grayish olive. Adult males had longer wing, bill, tail, and tarsometatarsus and greater mass than adult females. Virtually all males and females could be distinguished by wing length. Morphometrics of immature birds were significantly smaller than for adult males. Only immature male wing chord was significantly larger than that of adult females. Although it was difficult to distinguish between immatures and some adult females based on plumage coloration or measurements, a cut-off point of 70.4 mm for wing chord separated 91% of females from 93% of males, regardless of age.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern Bird-Banding Association","publisherLocation":"Ipswich, NH","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-72.1.12","usgsCitation":"Berlin, K.E., Simon, J.C., Pratt, T.K., Baker, P.E., and Kowalsky, J.R., 2001, Age and sex determination of the Maui Parrotbill: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 72, no. 1, p. 12-21, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-72.1.12.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","county":"Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n  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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baker, Paul E.","contributorId":176810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kowalsky, James R.","contributorId":54707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalsky","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":24990,"text":"pp1603 - 2001 - Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70226620,"text":"pp1603A - 2001 - Stratigraphy and depositional environments of sediments from five cores from Screven and Burke Counties, Georgia","indexId":"pp1603A","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Stratigraphy and depositional environments of sediments from five cores from Screven and Burke Counties, Georgia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":24990,"text":"pp1603 - 2001 - Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia","indexId":"pp1603","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70226644,"text":"pp1603C - 2001 - Palynomorph biostratigraphy and paleoecology of Upper Cretaceous sediments from four cores from Screven and Burke Counties, Georgia","indexId":"pp1603C","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Palynomorph biostratigraphy and paleoecology of Upper Cretaceous sediments from four cores from Screven and Burke Counties, Georgia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":24990,"text":"pp1603 - 2001 - Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia","indexId":"pp1603","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70226645,"text":"pp1603B - 2001 - Overview of the biostratigraphy and paleoecology of sediments from five cores from Screven and Burke Counties, Georgia","indexId":"pp1603B","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Overview of the biostratigraphy and paleoecology of sediments from five cores from Screven and Burke Counties, Georgia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":24990,"text":"pp1603 - 2001 - Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia","indexId":"pp1603","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":70226646,"text":"pp1603D - 2001 - Late Campanian (Zone CC22) coccoliths from the Millhaven Core, Screven County, Georgia","indexId":"pp1603D","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Late Campanian (Zone CC22) coccoliths from the Millhaven Core, Screven County, Georgia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":24990,"text":"pp1603 - 2001 - Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia","indexId":"pp1603","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":70226647,"text":"pp1603E - 2001 - Ostracode biostratigraphy of Upper Campanian (Cretaceous) marine sediments from the Millhaven core, Screven County, Georgia","indexId":"pp1603E","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Ostracode biostratigraphy of Upper Campanian (Cretaceous) marine sediments from the Millhaven core, Screven County, Georgia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":24990,"text":"pp1603 - 2001 - Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia","indexId":"pp1603","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":70226648,"text":"pp1603F - 2001 - Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of Cenozoic sediments from the Millhaven core, Screven County, Georgia","indexId":"pp1603F","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of Cenozoic sediments from the Millhaven core, Screven County, Georgia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":24990,"text":"pp1603 - 2001 - Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia","indexId":"pp1603","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":70226651,"text":"pp1603G - 2001 - Dinocyst biostratigraphy of Tertiary sediments from five cores from Screven and Burke Counties, Georgia","indexId":"pp1603G","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Dinocyst biostratigraphy of Tertiary sediments from five cores from Screven and Burke Counties, Georgia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":24990,"text":"pp1603 - 2001 - Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia","indexId":"pp1603","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia"},"id":7},{"subject":{"id":70226687,"text":"pp1603H - 2001 - Pollen biostratigraphy of Lower Tertiary sediments from five cores from Screven and Burke Counties, Georgia","indexId":"pp1603H","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Pollen biostratigraphy of Lower Tertiary sediments from five cores from Screven and Burke Counties, Georgia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":24990,"text":"pp1603 - 2001 - Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia","indexId":"pp1603","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia"},"id":8},{"subject":{"id":70226689,"text":"pp1603I - 2001 - Foraminifera from Paleogene sediments from the Millhaven and Millers Pond Cores, Screven and Burke Counties, Georgia","indexId":"pp1603I","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Foraminifera from Paleogene sediments from the Millhaven and Millers Pond Cores, Screven and Burke Counties, Georgia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":24990,"text":"pp1603 - 2001 - Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia","indexId":"pp1603","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia"},"id":9}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-01T16:34:54.134521","indexId":"pp1603","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1603","title":"Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia","docAbstract":"Five deep stratigraphic test holes were drilled from 1991 to 1993 in support of multidisciplinary investigations to determine the stratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments of the coastal plain in east-central Georgia. Cored sediment and geological logs from the Millhaven test hole in Screven County and the Girard and Millers Pond test holes in Burke County are the primary sources of lithologic and paleontologic information from this report. Lithologic and paleontologic information from the Thompson Oak and McBean test holes in Burke County supplements the discussion of stratigraphy and sedimentation in the updip part of the study area near the Millers Pond test hole.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/pp1603","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., 2001, Geology and paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke counties, eastern Georgia (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1603, 255 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1603.","productDescription":"255 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":53977,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1603/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1603/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1931,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/prof/p1603/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Burke County, Screven County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.43890380859375,\n              32.85421076375021\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5020751953125,\n              32.95797741405952\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.49658203125,\n              33.01557297778958\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.63116455078124,\n              33.09614359735857\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.78771972656249,\n              33.20652045176062\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9085693359375,\n              33.3442960191357\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.034912109375,\n              33.32593850874471\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.06512451171875,\n              33.26624989076275\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.95526123046875,\n              33.09384260312052\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.68609619140624,\n              32.88189375925038\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5570068359375,\n              32.78034721066307\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.441650390625,\n              32.76649095995108\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.419677734375,\n              32.80574473290688\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.43890380859375,\n              32.85421076375021\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684342","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208234,"text":"70208234 - 2001 - Quaternary glacial, lacustrine, and fluvial interactions in the western Noatak basin, Northwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-31T11:45:07","indexId":"70208234","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-31T11:33:15","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary glacial, lacustrine, and fluvial interactions in the western Noatak basin, Northwest Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 130 km long Noatak basin is surrounded by mountains of the western Brooks Range. Middle and late Pleistocene glaciers flowing southeast into the basin dammed a succession of proglacial lakes defined by shorelines, outlet channels, and upper limits of wave erosion. More than 60 bluffs along the Noatak River and its principal tributaries expose glacial and glaciolacustrine sediments that exhibit cut-and-fill relationships with interglacial and interstadial river-channel and floodplain deposits. This report focuses on the western Noatak basin, where high bluffs created by deep postglacial erosion record four major glacial advances. During the Cutler advance, a floating ice tongue terminated in a large proglacial lake that filled the Noatak basin. The retreating glacier abandoned a trough along the valley center that subsequently filled with about 40 m of sediment during several younger glaciations and probably two major interglacial episodes. Alluvium that formed near the beginning of the younger interglaciation contains the 140,000 yr old Old Crow tephra. The subsequent closely spaced Okak and Makpik advances are clearly younger than the maximum of the last interglaciation, but they preceded a middle Wisconsin (36-30 ka) nonglacial interval in the Noatak basin. The Okak advance terminated in an extensive lake, whereas glaciers of the Makpik and the subsequent Anisak advances flowed into much narrower lakes that filled only the basin center. The Anisak advance, bracketed by radiocarbon ages of about 35 and 13.6 ka, represents the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the western Noatak basin. Correlations with the oldest and youngest glacial deposits of the central Brooks Range are clear, but relationships to events of intermediate age are more tenuous. Early Pleistocene and older glacial advances from the central Brooks Range must have filled the Noatak basin and overflowed northward through Howard Pass. A younger glacial advance, of inferred middle Pleistocene (Sagavanirktok River) age, extended down the Noatak valley into the basin center, but its deposits are deeply buried beneath the basin floor and must be older than the Cutler moraine. The Cutler advance may have been synchronous with the older of two advances of Itkillik I age in the Atongarak Creek area, but other evidence indicates that the Okak-Makpik moraine succession more likely was synchronous with the two Atongarak Creek moraines. Radiocarbon ages, surface morphology, soil and weathering profiles, and lake-level history all support correlation of the last (Anisak) major glacial advance in the western basin with the Douglas Creek moraine farther east and with Itkillik II (late Wisconsin) glaciation of the central Brooks Range.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00110-4","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, T.D., 2001, Quaternary glacial, lacustrine, and fluvial interactions in the western Noatak basin, Northwest Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 20, no. 1-3, p. 371-391, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00110-4.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"391","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":371810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Noatak River region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -163.8720703125,\n              65.91062334197893\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.929443359375,\n              65.91062334197893\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.929443359375,\n              69.00961097622238\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.8720703125,\n              69.00961097622238\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.8720703125,\n              65.91062334197893\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70094002,"text":"70094002 - 2001 - Knickzone propagation in the Black Hills and northern High Plains: A different perspective on the late Cenozoic exhumation of the Laramide Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T17:33:50.273004","indexId":"70094002","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T15:55:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Knickzone propagation in the Black Hills and northern High Plains: A different perspective on the late Cenozoic exhumation of the Laramide Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geomorphic research in the Black Hills and northern High Plains poses an intriguing hypothesis for the Cenozoic evolution of this salient of the Laramide Rockies. Most recently, geologists have appealed to late Cenozoic epeirogenic uplift or climate change to explain the post-Laramide unroofing of the Rockies. On the basis of field mapping and the interpretation of long-valley profiles, we conclude that the propagation of knickzones is the primary mechanism for exhumation in the Black Hills. Long profiles of major drainages show discrete breaks in the slope of the channel gradient that are not coincident with changes in rock type. We use the term knickzones to describe these features because their profiles are broadly convex over tens of kilometers. At and below the knickzone, the channel is incising into bedrock, abandoning a flood plain, and forming a terrace. Above the knickzone, the channel is much less incised, resulting in a broad valley bottom. Numerous examples of stream piracy are documented, and in each case, the capture is recorded in the same terrace level. These observations are consistent with migrating knickzones that have swept through Black Hills streams, rearranging drainages in their wake. We demonstrate there are two knickzone fronts associated with mapped terraces. Preliminary field evidence of soil development shows that these terraces are time transgressive in nature. Our data strongly suggest that knickzone propagation must be considered a viable mechanism driving late Cenozoic fluvial incision and exhumation of the northern High Plains and adjacent northern Rocky Mountains.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0547:KPITBH>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Zaprowski, B.J., Evenson, E.B., Pazzaglia, F.J., and Epstein, J.B., 2001, Knickzone propagation in the Black Hills and northern High Plains: A different perspective on the late Cenozoic exhumation of the Laramide Rocky Mountains: Geology, v. 29, no. 6, p. 547-550, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0547:KPITBH>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"550","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills, High Plains, Laramide Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.7945,43.2665 ], [ -104.7945,44.7866 ], [ -102.7523,44.7866 ], [ -102.7523,43.2665 ], [ -104.7945,43.2665 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6377e4b0b290850fed33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zaprowski, Brent J.","contributorId":6362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaprowski","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenson, Edward B.","contributorId":16751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pazzaglia, Frank J.","contributorId":19477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pazzaglia","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70074116,"text":"70074116 - 2001 - Observations of earthquake source parameters at 2 km depth in the Long Valley Caldera, eastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-27T14:52:25","indexId":"70074116","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T14:47:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of earthquake source parameters at 2 km depth in the Long Valley Caldera, eastern California","docAbstract":"To investigate seismic source parameter scaling and seismic efficiency in the Long Valley caldera, California, we measured source parameters for 41 earthquakes (M 0.5 to M 5) recorded at 2 km depth in the Long Valley Exploratory Well. Borehole recordings provide a wide frequency bandwidth, typically 1 to 200–300 Hz, and greatly reduce seismic noise and path effects compared to surface recordings. We calculated source parameters in both the time and frequency domains for P and S waves. At frequencies above the corner frequency, spectra decay faster than ω<sup>3</sup>, indicating that attenuation plays an important role in shaping the spectra (path averaged Q<sub>p</sub> = 100–400, Q<sub>s</sub> = 200–800). Source parameters are corrected for attenuation and radiation pattern.\n\nBoth static stress drops and apparent stresses range from approximately 0.01 to 30 MPa. Although static stress drops do not vary with seismic moment for these data, our analyses are consistent with apparent stress increasing with increasing moment. To estimate tectonic driving stress and seismic efficiencies in the region, we combined source parameter measurements with knowledge of the stress field and a Coulomb failure criterion to infer a driving stress of 40–70 MPa. Subsequent seismic efficiencies are consistent with McGarr's (1999) hypothesis of a maximum seismic efficiency of 6%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000079","usgsCitation":"Prejean, S.G., and Ellsworth, W.L., 2001, Observations of earthquake source parameters at 2 km depth in the Long Valley Caldera, eastern California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 2, p. 165-177, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000079.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281591,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000079"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.3236,36.0389 ], [ -119.3236,38.1445 ], [ -117.965,38.1445 ], [ -117.965,36.0389 ], [ -119.3236,36.0389 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6984e4b0b29085102b9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70217564,"text":"70217564 - 2001 - Neotectonics of the eastern Juan de Fuca Strait: A digital geological and geophysical atlas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-21T20:14:45.014102","indexId":"70217564","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T14:14:07","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5589,"text":"Open File","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"3931","title":"Neotectonics of the eastern Juan de Fuca Strait: A digital geological and geophysical atlas","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Resources Canada","doi":"10.4095/212099","usgsCitation":"2001, Neotectonics of the eastern Juan de Fuca Strait: A digital geological and geophysical atlas: Open File 3931, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.4095/212099.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4095/212099","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Juan de Fuca Strait","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.14300537109374,\n              48.156925112380684\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.78594970703126,\n              48.231076563740906\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.67196655273436,\n              48.38635420778455\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.43688964843749,\n              48.427378042075105\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.54812622070311,\n              48.31882083063846\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.93951416015626,\n              48.378145469762444\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.43389892578124,\n              48.524790735807755\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.75250244140625,\n              48.60204136700653\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.7113037109375,\n              48.391825964362305\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.09057617187499,\n              48.20271028869972\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96148681640625,\n              48.16516946195868\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.68820190429686,\n              48.16516946195868\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.50555419921875,\n              48.12485115686402\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.24188232421875,\n              48.120267527274464\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.14300537109374,\n              48.156925112380684\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Rathwell, G. J.","contributorId":248256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathwell","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808679,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kung, R. B.","contributorId":248257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kung","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808680,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhea, S. B.","contributorId":248258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhea","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808681,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3}],"editors":[{"text":"Mosher, D. C.","contributorId":57689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808677,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808678,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70095004,"text":"70095004 - 2001 - Mapping southern Puget Sound delta fronts after 2001 earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-26T13:54:47","indexId":"70095004","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T13:49:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping southern Puget Sound delta fronts after 2001 earthquake","docAbstract":"A moment magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck southern Puget Sound (Figure 1) on February 28, 2001, causing an estimated $0.7–$1.4 billion in damages to buildings and roadways in the region [Williams et al., 2001]. The earthquake source was 52 km deep, and the epicenter was located close to the Nisqually River delta in the same location as the epicenter of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake of 1949 (http://www.geophys.washington.edu/seis/pnsn/info_ general/). These deep earthquakes occurred in the eastward-dipping subducting slab of the Juan de Fuca plate and typically caused less damage than shallower, crustal events of the same magnitude. Details of the seismology and effects of the earthquake can be found at http://earthquake.usgs.gov/activity/latest/ eq_01_02_28.html.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/01EO00287","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., van den Ameele, E.J., Gelfenbaum, G., Bernhardt, W., Lee, H., and Palmer, S., 2001, Mapping southern Puget Sound delta fronts after 2001 earthquake: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 82, no. 42, p. 485-489, https://doi.org/10.1029/01EO00287.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"489","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282841,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/01EO00287"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,47.0 ], [ -123.0,48.0 ], [ -122.0,48.0 ], [ -122.0,47.0 ], [ -123.0,47.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"82","issue":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6610e4b0b290851007ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van den Ameele, Edward J.","contributorId":14728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van den Ameele","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bernhardt, Walter","contributorId":25459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Homa hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":48642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Palmer, Steve","contributorId":36053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70073527,"text":"70073527 - 2001 - Relocation of Wyoming mine production blasts using calibration explosions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-19T16:40:25.755815","indexId":"70073527","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T13:48:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Relocation of Wyoming mine production blasts using calibration explosions","docAbstract":"An important requirement for a comprehensive seismic monitoring system is the capability to accurately locate small seismic events worldwide. Accurate event location can improve the probability of determining whether or not a small event, recorded predominantly by local and regional stations, is a nuclear explosion. For those portions of the earth where crustal velocities are not well established, reference event calibration techniques offer a method of increased locational accuracy and reduced locational bias.\nIn this study, data from a set of mining events with good ground-truth data in the Powder River Basin region of eastern Wyoming are used to investigate the potential of event calibration techniques in the area. Results of this study are compared with locations published in the prototype International Data Center’s Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB). A Joint Hypocenter Determination (JHD) method was applied to a set of 23 events. Four of those events with superior ground-truth control (mining company report or Global Positioning System data) were used as JHD reference events, Nineteen (83%) of the solutions converged and the resulting set of station-phase travel-time corrections from the JHD results was then tested. When those travel-time corrections were applied individually to the four events with good ground-truth control, the average locational error reduced the original REB location error from 16.1 km to 5.7 km (65% improvement). The JHD locations indicated reduced locational bias and all of the individual error ellipses enclosed the actual known event locations.\nGiven a set of well-recorded calibration events, it appears that the JHD methodology is a viable technique for improving locational accuracy of future small events where the location depends on arrival times from predominantly local and/or regional stations. In this specific case, the International Association of Seismology and the Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI) travel-time tables, coupled with JHDderived travel-time corrections, may obviate the need for an accurately known regional velocity structure in the Powder River Basin region.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monitoring the comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Sourse location","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-0348-8250-7_8","isbn":"978-3-0348-8250-7","usgsCitation":"Finn, C., Kraft, G.D., Sibol, M.S., Jones, R.L., and Pulaski, M.E., 2001, Relocation of Wyoming mine production blasts using calibration explosions, chap. <i>of</i> Monitoring the comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Sourse location, v. 158, no. 1-2, p. 105-116, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8250-7_8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"116","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":422,"text":"National Geomagnetism Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0076,42.6259 ], [ -104.0076,46.7850 ], [ -108.1714,46.7850 ], [ -108.1714,42.6259 ], [ -104.0076,42.6259 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"158","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7043e4b0b29085106ef5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0003-3144-1645 cafinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-1645","contributorId":152589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol A.","email":"cafinn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":488891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraft, Gordon D.","contributorId":101186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sibol, Matthew S.","contributorId":92578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibol","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Ronald L.","contributorId":49702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pulaski, Mark E.","contributorId":72299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pulaski","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70074097,"text":"70074097 - 2001 - Paleohydrologic record of spring deposits in and around Pleistocene pluvial Lake Tecopa, southeastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-27T13:29:19","indexId":"70074097","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T13:21:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleohydrologic record of spring deposits in and around Pleistocene pluvial Lake Tecopa, southeastern California","docAbstract":"Tufa (spring) deposits in the Tecopa basin, California, reflect the response of arid groundwater regimes to wet climate episodes. Two types of tufa are represented, informally defined as (1) an easily disaggregated, fine-grained mixture of calcite and quartz (friable tufa) in the southwest Tecopa Valley, and (2) hard, vuggy micrite, laminated carbonate, and carbonate-cemented sands and gravels (indurated tufa) along the eastern margin of Lake Tecopa. High δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>VSMOW</sub> (Vienna standard mean ocean water) water values, field relations, and the texture of friable tufa suggest rapid nucleation of calcite as subaqueous, fault- controlled groundwater discharge mixed with high-pH, hypersaline lake water. Variations between δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>VSMOW</sub> and δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>PDB</sub> (Peedee belemnite) values relative to other closed basin lakes such as the Great Salt Lake and Lake Lahontan suggest similarities in climatic and hydrologic settings. Indurated tufa, also fault controlled, formed mounds and associated feeder systems as well as stratabound carbonate-cemented ledges. Both deposits represent discharge of deeply circulated, high total dissolved solids, and high <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> regional groundwater with kinetic enrichments of as much as several per mil for δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>VSMOW</sub> values.\n\nField relations show that indurated tufa represents episodic discharge, and U-series ages imply that discharge was correlated with cold, wet climate episodes. In response to both the breaching of the Tecopa basin and a modern arid climate, most discharge has changed from fault-controlled locations near basin margins to topographic lows of the Amargosa River drainage at elevations 30–130 m lower. Because of episodic climate change, spring flows may have relocated from basin margin to basin center multiple times.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0659:PROSDI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Nelson, S.T., Karlsson, H.R., Paces, J.B., Tingey, D.G., Ward, S., and Peters, M.T., 2001, Paleohydrologic record of spring deposits in and around Pleistocene pluvial Lake Tecopa, southeastern California: GSA Bulletin, v. 113, no. 5, p. 659-670, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0659:PROSDI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"670","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281580,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0659:PROSDI>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Tecopa","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tecopa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.286772,35.793291 ], [ -116.286772,35.899551 ], [ -116.10947,35.899551 ], [ -116.10947,35.793291 ], [ -116.286772,35.793291 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"113","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6a7ce4b0b290851034a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Stephen T.","contributorId":32078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsson, Haraldur R.","contributorId":80180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlsson","given":"Haraldur","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tingey, David G.","contributorId":67406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingey","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ward, Stephen","contributorId":44072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peters, Mark T.","contributorId":22243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70094992,"text":"70094992 - 2001 - Displacement rates on the Toroweap and Hurricane faults: Implications for Quaternary downcutting in the Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T12:04:08.833577","indexId":"70094992","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T12:52:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Displacement rates on the Toroweap and Hurricane faults: Implications for Quaternary downcutting in the Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Toroweap and Hurricane faults, considered to be the most active in Arizona, cross the Uinkaret volcanic field in the western Grand Canyon. These normal faults are downthrown to the west, and the Colorado River crosses these faults as it flows west in the Grand Canyon. Cosmogenic <sup>3</sup>He (<sup>3</sup>He<sub>c</sub>) dates on basalt flows and related landforms are used to calculate vertical displacement rates for these faults. The two faults cross unruptured alluvial fans dated as 3 ka (Toroweap) and 8 ka (Hurricane), and 10 other landforms that range in age from 30 to 400 ka are displaced. Middle and late Quaternary displacement rates of the Toroweap and Hurricane faults are 70–180 and 70–170 m/m.y., respectively. On the basis of these rates, the combined displacement of 580 m on these faults could have occurred in the past 3 to 5 m.y. All <sup>3</sup>He<sub>c</sub> dates are younger than existing K- Ar dates and are consistent with new <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dates and existing thermoluminescence (TL) dates on basalt flows. These different dating techniques may be combined in an analysis of displacement rates. Downcutting rates for the Colorado River in the eastern Grand Canyon (400 m/m.y.) are at least double the downcutting rates west of the faults (70–160 m/m.y.). Faulting probably increased downcutting in the eastern Grand Canyon relative to downcutting in the western Grand Canyon during the late Quaternary.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1035:DROTTA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fenton, C.R., Webb, R., Pearthree, P.A., Cerling, T.E., and Poreda, R.J., 2001, Displacement rates on the Toroweap and Hurricane faults: Implications for Quaternary downcutting in the Grand Canyon, Arizona: Geology, v. 29, no. 11, p. 1035-1038, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1035:DROTTA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1035","endPage":"1038","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0572,35.6882 ], [ -114.0572,36.5318 ], [ -111.828,36.5318 ], [ -111.828,35.6882 ], [ -114.0572,35.6882 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5548e4b0b290850f63a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenton, Cassandra R.","contributorId":58915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"Cassandra","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearthree, Philip A.","contributorId":17363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearthree","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cerling, Thure E.","contributorId":22822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerling","given":"Thure","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poreda, Robert J.","contributorId":37797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70093923,"text":"70093923 - 2001 - Progress made in understanding Mount Rainier's hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-08T13:56:28.76841","indexId":"70093923","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T11:11:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progress made in understanding Mount Rainier's hazards","docAbstract":"<p><span>At 4392 m high, glacier-clad Mount Rainier dominates the skyline of the southern Puget Sound region and is the centerpiece of Mount Rainier National Park. About 2.5 million people of the greater Seattle-Tacoma metropolitan area can see Mount Rainier on clear days, and 150,000 live in areas swept by lahars and floods that emanated from the volcano during the last 6,000 years (Figure 1). These lahars include the voluminous Osceola Mudflow that floors the lowlands south of Seattle and east of Tacoma, and which was generated by massive volcano flank-collapse. Mount Rainier's last eruption was a light dusting of ash in 1894; minor pumice last erupted between 1820 and 1854; and the most recent large eruptions we know of were about 1100 and 2300 years ago, according to reports from the U.S. Geological Survey.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/01EO00057","usgsCitation":"Sisson, T.W., Vallance, J., and Pringle, P.T., 2001, Progress made in understanding Mount Rainier's hazards: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 82, no. 9, p. 113-120, https://doi.org/10.1029/01EO00057.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478834,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/01eo00057","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282392,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.876709,46.787719 ], [ -121.876709,46.939905 ], [ -121.638906,46.939905 ], [ -121.638906,46.787719 ], [ -121.876709,46.787719 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"82","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6e50e4b0b29085105b22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sisson, T. W.","contributorId":108120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallance, J.W.","contributorId":45336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pringle, P. T.","contributorId":39806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pringle","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70164479,"text":"70164479 - 2001 - Water quality assessment of the Eastern Iowa Basins: Basic water chemistry of rivers and streams, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-08T09:10:06","indexId":"70164479","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Water quality assessment of the Eastern Iowa Basins: Basic water chemistry of rivers and streams, 1996-98","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey began data-collection activities in the Eastern Iowa Basins study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program in September 1995 with the purpose of determining the status and trends in water quality of water from the Wapsipinicon, Cedar, Iowa, and Skunk River basins. From March 1996 through September 1998, monthly surface-water samples were collected from 11 sites on the study's rivers and streams representing three distinct physiographic regions, the Des Moines Lobe, the Iowan Surface, the Southern Iowa Drift Plain, and one subregion, the Iowan Karst. These water samples were analyzed for basic water chemistry, including, but not limited to the following cations: sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and silica; anions: chloride, fluoride, sulfate, and bicarbonate; and two metals - iron and maganese. Although none of the concentrations of the constituents exceeded health advisories or drinking-water regulations, extremely high or low concentrations could potentially affect aquatic life. Calcium, magnesium, and potassium are essential elements for both plant and animal life; manganese is an essential element in plant metabolism; and silica is important in the growth of diatom algae. Calcium had the largest median concentration of 61 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of the cations, and the largest maximum concentration of 100 mg/L. Bicarbonate had the largest median concentration of 210 mg/L of the anions, and the largest maximum concentration of 400 mg/L.</p>\n<p>Basic water-quality differences related to physiographic differences and seasonality were evident in streams and rivers in the Eastern Iowa Basins. Of the three major landforms, water samples from sites within the Des Moines Lobe, the youngest landform in the study area, had significantly higher median concentrations of calcium (85 mg/L), magnesium (28 mg/L), sulfate (28 mg/L), fluoride (0.31 mg/L), and silica (16 mg/L). The Des Moines Lobe region is calcium magnesium bicarbonate-rich due to the Paleozoic source rocks (limestones and shales) in the bedrock. Water samples from sites within the Southern Iowa Drift Plain had higher median concentrations of sodium (12 mg/L), potassium (3.2 mg/L), and chloride (21 mg/L). Concentrations also varied according to the time of year. Grouping the data into four seasonal periods, water samples collected during the months of October, November, and December, had higher median concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and chloride, then samples collected during other quarters of the year. Water quality in the streams during this low-flow period (October through December) is representative of that in the contributing aquifers.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Agriculture and the Environment: State and Federal Water Initiatives Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"State and Federal Water Initiatives Conference","conferenceDate":"March 5-7, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Ames, IA","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Barnes, K.K., 2001, Water quality assessment of the Eastern Iowa Basins: Basic water chemistry of rivers and streams, 1996-98, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Agriculture and the Environment: State and Federal Water Initiatives Conference, Ames, IA, March 5-7, 2001.","startPage":"111","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ia.water.usgs.gov/projects/nawqa/abstracts/ISU2001.basicchem.html"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70023614,"text":"70023614 - 2001 - The geology of a part of Acadia and the nature of the Acadian orogeny across Central and Eastern Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-23T15:53:02.543932","indexId":"70023614","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geology of a part of Acadia and the nature of the Acadian orogeny across Central and Eastern Maine","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">The zone of Acadian collision between the Medial New England and Composite Avalon terranes is well preserved in Maine. A transect from northwest (Rome) to southeast (Camden) crosses the eastern part of Medial New England comprising the Central Maine basin, Liberty-Orrington thrust sheet, and Fredericton trough, and the western part of Composite Avalon, including the Graham Lake, Clarry Hill, and Clam Cove thrust sheets. U-Pb geochronology of events before, during, and after the Acadian orogeny helps elucidate the nature and distribution of tectonostratigraphic belts in this zone and the timing of some Acadian events in the Northern Appalachians.</p><p id=\"p-2\">The Central Maine basin consists of sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Middle Ordovician (∼470 to ∼460 Ma) age overlain with probable conformity by latest Ordovician(?) through earliest Devonian marine rift and flysch sedimentary rocks; these are intruded by weakly to undeformed plutonic rocks of Early and Middle Devonian age (∼399–378 Ma). The Fredericton trough consists of Early Silurian gray pelite and sandstone to earliest Late Silurian calcareous turbidite, deformed and variably metamorphosed prior to the emplacement of Late Silurian (∼422 Ma) and Early to Late Devonian (∼418 to ∼368 Ma) plutons. The Liberty-Orrington thrust sheet consists of Cambrian(?)-Ordovician (&gt;∼474 to ∼469 Ma and younger) clastic sedimentary and volcanic rocks intruded by highly deformed Late Silurian (∼424 to ∼422 Ma) and Devonian (∼418 to ∼389 Ma) plutons, possibly metamorphosed in Late Silurian time (prior to ∼417 Ma), and metamorphosed to amphibolite facies in Early to Middle Devonian time (∼400 to ∼381 Ma). The Graham Lake thrust sheet contains possible Precambrian rocks, Cambrian sedimentary rocks with a volcanic unit dated at ∼503 Ma, and Ordovician rocks with possible Caradocian Old World fossils, metamorphosed and deformed in Silurian time and intruded by mildly to undeformed Late Silurian (∼421 Ma) and Late Devonian (∼371 to ∼368 Ma) plutons. The Clarry Hill thrust sheet consists of poorly studied, highly metamorphosed Cambrian (?) rocks. The Clam Cove thrust sheet contains highly deformed Precambrian limestone, shale, sandstone, and conglomerate, metamorphosed to epidote amphibolite facies and intruded by a mildly deformed pluton dated at ∼421 Ma.</p><p id=\"p-3\">Metamorphism, deformation, and voluminous intrusive igneous activity of Silurian age are common to both the most southeastern parts of Medial New England and the thrust sheets of Composite Avalon. In contrast to Medial New England, the thrust sheets of Composite Avalon show only modest effects of Devonian deformation and metamorphism. Regional stratigraphic relations, paleontologic findings, and U-Pb geochronology suggest that the Graham Lake, Clarry Hill, and Clam Cove thrust sheets are far-traveled allochthons that were widely separated from Medial New England in the Silurian.</p><p id=\"p-4\">One hundred nine (109) new U-Pb analyses of zircon, monazite, and sphene from 25 samples of metamorphosed, stratified, and intrusive igneous rocks are used to decipher the history of events along the transect.</p><p id=\"p-5\">In our view, many of the structures within Medial New England were formed during the closing of the back-arc ocean during the waning stages of the Taconian orogeny. These features include the precursors to the upright folds found in Silurian sedimentary rocks, the west-facing Liberty-Orrington thrust sheet, and the Silurian plutons of Medial New England.</p><p id=\"p-6\">Acadian tectonic features, including flysch sedimentation, igneous activity, deformation with nappe emplacement, and metamorphism record the progressive loading of Medial New England by a stack of thrust nappes emplaced in latest Silurian to Middle Devonian time.</p><p id=\"p-7\">The Acadian orogeny is a prolonged event, lasting from earliest Late Silurian to the Late Devonian, whose evolution involved: (1) convergence between Medial New England and Composite Avalon along an east-dipping subduction zone from earliest Late Silurian to Early Devonian time; (2) collision and concurrent delamination of lithospheric mantle beneath Medial New England in Early Devonian time resulting in deformation, high-grade metamorphism, and intrusive igneous activity in the most eastern part of Medial New England and the western parts of Composite Avalon; (3) Early to Middle Devonian northwest-migrating penetrative deformations of the Acadian Main stage, including northwest-directed thrusting and recumbent folding followed by tightening of folds possibly produced in the waning stages of the Taconian orogeny and forming folded wave trains of isoclinal folds (∼419 to ∼404 Ma), (4) asymmetrical folds produced by east-west shortening (∼399 to ∼380 Ma); and (5) final westward emplacement of Composite Avalon thrust sheets onto Medial New England in Late Devonian time (∼380 to ∼371 Ma). The present boundary between rocks of Medial New England and Composite Avalon at the surface is the Sennebec Pond fault, a high-angle fault that cuts the Graham Lake and Clarry Hill thrusts, and is intruded by the Mt. Waldo pluton (∼371), one of several Late Devonian plutons (∼371 to ∼367 Ma) that mark the end of the Acadian orogeny in coastal Maine. The thrust sheets of Composite Avalon carried rocks of peri-Gondwanan affinity and with possible Old World fauna many kilometers to the west over Medial New England, thus potentially hiding the original suture at depth under the Gulf of Maine.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.301.3.205","usgsCitation":"Tucker, R.D., Osberg, P., and Berry, H.N., 2001, The geology of a part of Acadia and the nature of the Acadian orogeny across Central and Eastern Maine: American Journal of Science, v. 301, no. 3, p. 205-260, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.301.3.205.","productDescription":"56 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.884033203125,\n              43.683763524273346\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.939697265625,\n              44.824708282300236\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.774658203125,\n              45.97406038956237\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.91748046874999,\n              47.1075227853425\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.10400390625,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.433349609375,\n              44.39454219215587\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.99365234375,\n              44.07969327425713\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.90576171875,\n              43.197167282501276\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.697021484375,\n              43.1090040242731\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.884033203125,\n              43.683763524273346\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"301","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac6fe4b08c986b3234c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucker, R. D.","contributorId":43409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osberg, P. H.","contributorId":70041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osberg","given":"P. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, H. N. IV","contributorId":99326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"H.","suffix":"IV","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022774,"text":"70022774 - 2001 - Influences of watershed, riparian-corridor, and reach-scale characteristics on aquatic biota in agricultural watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T15:21:08.338381","indexId":"70022774","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of watershed, riparian-corridor, and reach-scale characteristics on aquatic biota in agricultural watersheds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Multivariate analyses and correlations revealed strong relations between watershed and riparian-corridor land cover, and reach-scale habitat versus fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages in 38 warmwater streams in eastern Wisconsin. Watersheds were dominated by agricultural use, and ranged in size from 9 to 71 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;Watershed land cover was summarized from satellite-derived data for the area outside a 30-m buffer. Riparian land cover was interpreted from digital orthophotos within 10-, 10-to 20-, and 20-to 30-m buffers. Reach-scale habitat, fish, and macroinvertebrates were collected in 1998 and biotic indices calculated. Correlations between land cover, habitat, and stream-quality indicators revealed significant relations at the watershed, riparian-corridor, and reach scales. At the watershed scale, fish diversity, intolerant fish and EPT species increased, and Hilsenhoff biotic index (HBI) decreased as percent forest increased. At the riparian-corridor scale, EPT species decreased and HBI increased as riparian vegetation became more fragmented. For the reach, EPT species decreased with embeddedness. Multivariate analyses further indicated that riparian (percent agriculture, grassland, urban and forest, and fragmentation of vegetation), watershed (percent forest) and reach-scale characteristics (embeddedness) were the most important variables influencing fish (IBI, density, diversity, number, and percent tolerant and insectivorous species) and macroinvertebrate (HBI and EPT) communities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03654.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J., Wang, L., Lyons, J., Horwatich, J., and Bannerman, R., 2001, Influences of watershed, riparian-corridor, and reach-scale characteristics on aquatic biota in agricultural watersheds: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 6, p. 1475-1487, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03654.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1475","endPage":"1487","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.79411037018296,\n              42.496596072001864\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.77213771393271,\n              42.58304812737711\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.78861720612075,\n              42.62752287389381\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.70621974518264,\n              42.736553529629816\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.79960353424521,\n              42.861500881038495\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.81608302643323,\n              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J.","contributorId":13411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horwatich, J.A.","contributorId":50591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horwatich","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bannerman, R.","contributorId":95657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bannerman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1001025,"text":"1001025 - 2001 - First finding of the amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the mussel Dreissena bugensis in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T18:17:00.363635","indexId":"1001025","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"First finding of the amphipod <i>Echinogammarus ischnus</i> and the mussel <i>Dreissena bugensis</i> in Lake Michigan","title":"First finding of the amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the mussel Dreissena bugensis in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>The first finding of the amphipod&nbsp;</span><i>Echinogammarus</i><span>&nbsp;ischnus and the mussel&nbsp;</span><i>Dreissena bugensis</i><span>&nbsp;in Lake Michigan is documented. These two species are widespread and abundant in the lower lakes, but had not yet been reported from Lake Michigan.&nbsp;</span><i>E. ischnus</i><span>&nbsp;is generally considered a warmwater form that is typically associated with hard substrates and&nbsp;</span><i>Dreissena</i><span>&nbsp;clusters in the nearshore zone. Along the eastern shoreline of Lake Michigan, this species was present at rocky, breakwall habitats along the entire north-south axis of the lake. Although not abundant, this species was also found at soft-bottomed sites as deep as 94 m in the southern basin. The finding of this species in deep offshore waters apparently extends the known habitat range for this species in the Great Lakes, but it is found in deep water areas within its native range (Caspian Sea).&nbsp;</span><i>D. bugensis</i><span>&nbsp;was not abundant, but was present in both the southern and northern portions of the lake. Individuals of up to 36 mm in length were collected, indicating that it had probably been present in the lake for 2 or more years. Also presented are depth-defined densities of&nbsp;</span><i>D. polymorpha</i><span>&nbsp;at 37 sites in the Straits of Mackinac in 1997, and densities at up to 55 sites in the southern basin in 1992/93 and 1998/99. Mean densities decreased with increased water depth in both regions. Maximum mean density in the Straits in 1997 was 13,700/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;(≤ 10 m), and maximum density in the southern basin in 1999 was 2,100/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;(≤ 30 m). Mean densities at the ≤ 30-m interval in the southern basin remained relatively unchanged between 1993 and 1999, but increased from 25/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;to 1,100/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;at the 31 to 50 m interval over the same time period.&nbsp;</span><i>D. polymorpha</i><span>&nbsp;was rare at sites &gt; 50 m. The presence of&nbsp;</span><i>E. ischnus</i><span>&nbsp;and the expected population expansion of&nbsp;</span><i>D. bugensis</i><span>&nbsp;will likely contribute to further foodweb changes in the lake.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(01)70653-3","usgsCitation":"Nalepa, T., Schloesser, D.W., Pothoven, S.A., Hondorp, D.W., Fanslow, D.L., Tuchman, M.L., and Fleischer, G.W., 2001, First finding of the amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the mussel Dreissena bugensis in Lake Michigan: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 27, no. 3, p. 384-391, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(01)70653-3.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"384","endPage":"391","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.51318326624651,\n              41.5938355962158\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.22537022363063,\n              41.58623006143185\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.89919474402821,\n              41.659378205759936\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.61650932837279,\n              41.79732046980783\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.44254907258482,\n              42.07231603728144\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.29033384877036,\n              42.30593369025766\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.17073660172282,\n              42.602743999557845\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.11637402178941,\n     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A.","contributorId":84716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pothoven","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hondorp, Darryl W. 0000-0002-5182-1963 dhondorp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5182-1963","contributorId":5376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hondorp","given":"Darryl","email":"dhondorp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fanslow, David L.","contributorId":57032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanslow","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tuchman, Marc L.","contributorId":6023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuchman","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fleischer, Guy W.","contributorId":89478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70023259,"text":"70023259 - 2001 - Upper crustal structure in Puget Lowland, Washington: Results from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:07:56.17879","indexId":"70023259","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper crustal structure in Puget Lowland, Washington: Results from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound","docAbstract":"<p>A new three-dimensional (3-D) model shows seismic velocities beneath the Puget Lowland to a depth of 11 km. The model is based on a tomographic inversion of nearly one million first-arrival travel times recorded during the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound (SHIPS), allowing higher-resolution mapping of subsurface structures than previously possible. The model allows us to refine the subsurface geometry of previously proposed faults (e.g., Seattle, Hood Canal, southern Whidbey Island, and Devils Mountain fault zones) as well as to identify structures (Tacoma, Lofall, and Sequim fault zones) that warrant additional study. The largest and most important of these newly identified structures lies along the northern boundary of the Tacoma basin; we informally refer to this structure here as the Tacoma fault zone. Although tomography cannot provide information on the recency of motion on any structure, Holocene earthquake activity on the Tacoma fault zone is suggested by seismicity along it and paleoseismic evidence for abrupt uplift of tidal marsh deposits to its north. The tomography reveals four large, west to northwest trending low-velocity basins (Tacoma, Seattle, Everett, and Port Townsend) separated by regions of higher velocity ridges that are coincident with fault-bounded uplifts of Eocene Crescent Formation basalt and pre-Tertiary basement. The shapes of the basins and uplifts are similar to those observed in gravity data; gravity anomalies calculated from the 3-D tomography model are in close agreement with the observed anomalies. In velocity cross sections the Tacoma and Seattle basins are asymmetric: the basin floor dips gently toward a steep boundary with the adjacent high-velocity uplift, locally with a velocity \"overhang\" that suggests a basin vergent thrust fault boundary. Crustal fault zones grow from minor folds into much larger structures along strike. Inferred structural relief across the Tacoma fault zone increases by several kilometers westward along the fault zone to Lynch Cove, where we interpret it as a zone of south vergent faulting overthrusting Tacoma basin. In contrast, structural relief along the Seattle fault zone decreases west of Seattle, which we interpret as evidence that the N-S directed compression is being accommodated by slip transfer between the Seattle and Tacoma fault zones. Together, the Tacoma and Seattle fault zones raise the Seattle uplift, one of a series of east-west trending, pop-up structures underlying Puget Lowland from the Black Hills to the San Juan Islands.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000154","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., Parsons, T., Blakely, R., Christensen, N., Fisher, M.A., Wells, R., ten Brink, U., Pratt, T.L., Crosson, R.S., Creager, K.C., Symons, N.P., Preston, L., Van Wagoner, T., Miller, K., Snelson, C., Trehu, A., Langenheim, V., Spence, G., Ramachandran, K., Hyndman, R., Mosher, D.C., Zelt, B., and Weaver, C., 2001, Upper crustal structure in Puget Lowland, Washington: Results from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. 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C.","contributorId":57689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Zelt, B.C.","contributorId":63572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Weaver, C.S.","contributorId":57874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}}
,{"id":70023466,"text":"70023466 - 2001 - Water source to four U.S. wetlands: Implications for wetland management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023466","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water source to four U.S. wetlands: Implications for wetland management","docAbstract":"Results of long-term field studies of wetlands in four different hydrogeologic and climatic settings in the United States indicate that each has considerably different sources of water, which affects their response to climate variability and land-use practices. A fen wetland in New Hampshire is supplied almost entirely by ground water that originates as seepage from Mirror Lake; therefore, stream discharge from the fen closely follows the pattern of Mirror Lake stage fluctuations. A fen wetland in northern Minnesota is supplied largely by discharge from a regional ground-water flow system that has its recharge area 1 to 2 km to the east. Because of the size of this wetland's ground-water watershed, stream discharge from the fen has little variability. A prairie-pothole wetland in North Dakota receives more than 90 percent of its water from precipitation and loses more than 90 percent of its water to evapotranspiration, resulting in highly variable seasonal and annual water levels. A wetland in the sandhills of Nebraska lies in a regional ground-water flow field that extends for tens of kilometers and that contains numerous lakes and wetlands. The wetland receives water that moves through the ground-water system from the upgradient lakes and from ground water in local flow systems that are recharged between the lakes. The difference in sources of water to these wetlands implies that they would require different techniques to protect their water supply and water quality.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., Rosenberry, D., Buso, D., and Merk, D., 2001, Water source to four U.S. wetlands: Implications for wetland management: Wetlands, v. 21, no. 4, p. 462-473.","startPage":"462","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcc74e4b08c986b32db60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":397749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buso, D.C.","contributorId":31392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merk, D.A.","contributorId":86357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merk","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023056,"text":"70023056 - 2001 - Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T17:57:31","indexId":"70023056","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) were captured in three areas of Interior Alaska (USA). Four hundred twenty-five sera were tested for evidence of exposure to canine coronavirus by means of an indirect fluorescent antibody procedure. Serum antibody prevalence averaged 70% (167/240) during the spring collection period and 25% (46/185) during the autumn collection period. Prevalence was 0% (0/42) in the autumn pup cohort (age 4-5 mo), and 60% (58/97) in the spring pup cohort (age 9-10 mo). Prevalence was lowest in the Eastern Interior study area. A statistical model indicates that prevalence increased slightly each year in all three study areas. These results indicate that transmission occurs primarily during the winter months, antibody decay is quite rapid, and reexposure during the summer is rare.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Zarnke, R.L., Evermann, J.F., Ver Hoef, J.M., McNay, M.E., Boertje, R.D., Gardner, C.L., Adams, L., Dale, B.W., and Burch, J.W., 2001, Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 37, no. 4, p. 740-745, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"740","endPage":"745","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d5de4b08c986b318368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarnke, Randall L.","contributorId":49148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarnke","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evermann, Jim F.","contributorId":87336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evermann","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ver Hoef, Jay M.","contributorId":42504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ver Hoef","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNay, Mark E.","contributorId":68506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNay","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boertje, Rodney D.","contributorId":84953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boertje","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gardner, Craig L.","contributorId":65259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Burch, John W.","contributorId":106231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":45030,"text":"wri20004292 - 2001 - A field and statistical modeling study to estimate irrigation water use at Benchmark Farms study sites in southwestern Georgia, 1995-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T18:27:35.321456","indexId":"wri20004292","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4292","title":"A field and statistical modeling study to estimate irrigation water use at Benchmark Farms study sites in southwestern Georgia, 1995-96","docAbstract":"<p>A benchmark irrigation monitoring network of farms located in a 32-county area in southwestern Georgia was established in 1995 to improve estimates of irrigation water use. A stratified random sample of 500 permitted irrigators was selected from a data base--maintained by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Georgia Environmental Protection Division, Water Resources Management Branch--to obtain 180 voluntary participants in the study area. Site-specific irrigation data were collected at each farm using running-time totalizers and noninvasive flowmeters. Data were collected and compiled for 50 farms for 1995 and 130 additional farms for the 1996 growing season--a total of 180 farms. Irrigation data collected during the 1996 growing season were compiled for 180 benchmark farms and used to develop a statistical model to estimate irrigation water use in 32 counties in southwestern Georgia. The estimates derived were developed from using a statistical approach know as \"bootstrap analysis\" that allows for the estimation of precision. Five model components--whether-to-irrigate, acres irrigated, crop selected, seasonal-irrigation scheduling, and the amount of irrigation applied--compose the irrigation model and were developed to reflect patterns in the data collected at Benchmark Farms Study area sites. The model estimated that peak irrigation for all counties in the study area occurred during July with significant irrigation also occurring during May, June, and August. Irwin and Tift were the most irrigated and Schley and Houston were the least irrigated counties in the study area. High irrigation intensity primarily was located along the eastern border of the study area; whereas, low irrigation intensity was located in the southwestern quadrant where ground water was the dominant irrigation source. Crop-level estimates showed sizable variations across crops and considerable uncertainty for all crops other than peanuts and pecans. Counties having the most irrigated acres showed higher variations in annual irrigation than counties having the least irrigated acres. The Benchmark Farms Study model estimates were higher than previous irrigation estimates, with 20 percent of the bias a result of underestimating irrigation acreage in earlier studies. Model estimates showed evidence of an upward bias of about 15 percent with the likely cause being a misrepresented inches-applied model. A better understanding of the causes of bias in the model could be determined with a larger irrigation sample size and increased substantially by automating the reporting of monthly totalizer amounts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004292","usgsCitation":"Fanning, J.L., Schwarz, G., and Lewis, W., 2001, A field and statistical modeling study to estimate irrigation water use at Benchmark Farms study sites in southwestern Georgia, 1995-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4292, vii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004292.","productDescription":"vii, 32 p.","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"1996-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135730,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415362,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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,{"id":70023467,"text":"70023467 - 2001 - Thermal maturity patterns in New York State using CAI and %Ro","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70023467","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2897,"text":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal maturity patterns in New York State using CAI and %Ro","docAbstract":"New conodont alteration index (CAI) and vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) data collected from drill holes in the Appalachian basin of New York State allow refinement of thermal maturity maps for Ordovician and Devonian rocks. CAI isotherms on the new maps show a pattern that approximates that published by Harris et al. (1978) in eastern and western New York, but it differs in central New York, where the isotherms are shifted markedly westward by more than 100 km and are more tightly grouped. This close grouping of isograds reflects a steeper thermal gradient than previously noted by Harris et al. (1978) and agrees closely with the abrupt west-to-east increase in thermal maturity across New York noted by Johnsson (1986). These data show, in concordance with previous studies, that thermal maturity levels in these rocks are higher than can be explained by simple burial heating beneath the present thickness of overburden. The Ordovician and Devonian rocks of the Appalachian Basin in New York must have been buried by very thick post-Devonian sediments (4-6 km suggested by Sarwar and Friedman 1995) or were exposed to a higher-than-normal geothermal flux caused by crustal extension, or a combination of the two.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Weary, D., Ryder, R.T., and Nyahay, R., 2001, Thermal maturity patterns in New York State using CAI and %Ro: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 23, no. 4, p. 356-376.","startPage":"356","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb248e4b08c986b3256c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, D. J.","contributorId":40617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, R. T.","contributorId":96673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nyahay, R.E.","contributorId":38405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyahay","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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