No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr59129","usgsCitation":"Yost, I.D., 1959, Floods and flood control on the Colorado River at Austin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 59-129, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr59129.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.4102783203125,\n 30.209234673510014\n ],\n [\n -97.47482299804688,\n 30.23889993659824\n ],\n [\n -97.51602172851562,\n 30.256694798480346\n ],\n [\n -97.5640869140625,\n 30.26381184075493\n ],\n [\n -97.61627197265625,\n 30.276858411864904\n ],\n [\n -97.646484375,\n 30.28990324883237\n ],\n [\n -97.73025512695311,\n 30.310060039424812\n ],\n [\n -97.78106689453125,\n 30.36813582872057\n ],\n [\n -97.833251953125,\n 30.391830328088137\n ],\n [\n -97.87994384765625,\n 30.407228671741567\n ],\n [\n -97.90740966796875,\n 30.40485985382934\n ],\n [\n -97.93899536132812,\n 30.378799064289495\n ],\n [\n -97.96234130859375,\n 30.347990988731844\n ],\n [\n -97.95135498046875,\n 30.318358689813856\n ],\n [\n -97.93212890625,\n 30.30294635121175\n ],\n [\n -97.84011840820311,\n 30.28990324883237\n ],\n [\n -97.80990600585938,\n 30.281602189612\n ],\n [\n -97.79891967773438,\n 30.25194981710498\n ],\n [\n -97.7398681640625,\n 30.22940802598824\n ],\n [\n -97.69317626953125,\n 30.198552988693212\n ],\n [\n -97.62313842773438,\n 30.168875561169088\n ],\n [\n -97.54898071289062,\n 30.181934730780572\n ],\n [\n -97.47344970703124,\n 30.159376896356193\n ],\n [\n -97.44735717773438,\n 30.153439766137296\n ],\n [\n -97.41439819335938,\n 30.177186142075502\n ],\n [\n -97.4102783203125,\n 30.209234673510014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yost, I. D.","contributorId":12833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yost","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56159,"text":"ofr5975 - 1959 - Surface waters of Little River basin in central Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:10","indexId":"ofr5975","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"59-75","title":"Surface waters of Little River basin in central Oklahoma","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5975","usgsCitation":"Laine, L., 1959, Surface waters of Little River basin in central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 59-75, 47 p., 8 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5975.","productDescription":"47 p., 8 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db6912d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laine, L.L.","contributorId":100464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laine","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68393,"text":"ha14 - 1959 - Floods at Topeka, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-07T20:59:28.859019","indexId":"ha14","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"14","title":"Floods at Topeka, Kansas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha14","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1959, Floods at Topeka, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 14, 1 Plate: 31.50 × 30.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha14.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 31.50 × 30.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388925,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15498.htm"},{"id":89893,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/014/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Topeka","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.75,39 ], [ -95.75,39.1175 ], [ -95.61749999999999,39.1175 ], [ -95.61749999999999,39 ], [ -95.75,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df85d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57717,"text":"ofr5989 - 1959 - Geology and ground-water resources of Fond De Lac County, Wisconsin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":57717,"text":"ofr5989 - 1959 - Geology and ground-water resources of Fond De Lac County, Wisconsin","indexId":"ofr5989","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Fond De Lac County, Wisconsin"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2392,"text":"wsp1604 - 1962 - Geology and ground-water resources of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin","indexId":"wsp1604","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2392,"text":"wsp1604 - 1962 - Geology and ground-water resources of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin","indexId":"wsp1604","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:12","indexId":"ofr5989","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"59-89","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Fond De Lac County, Wisconsin","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5989","usgsCitation":"Newport, T., 1959, Geology and ground-water resources of Fond De Lac County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 59-89, 197 p., 25 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5989.","productDescription":"197 p., 25 figs.","numberOfPages":"197","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newport, T.G.","contributorId":80258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newport","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68274,"text":"ha12 - 1959 - Ground-water reconnaissance of the North Loup Division of the Lower Platte River basin, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:26","indexId":"ha12","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"12","title":"Ground-water reconnaissance of the North Loup Division of the Lower Platte River basin, Nebraska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha12","usgsCitation":"Keech, C.F., and Carlson, M.P., 1959, Ground-water reconnaissance of the North Loup Division of the Lower Platte River basin, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 12, 1 map ;on sheet 69 x 112 cm.; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha12.","productDescription":"1 map ;on sheet 69 x 112 cm.; 11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261127,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/012/report.pdf"},{"id":261128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/012/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"125000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6670fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keech, Charles Franklin","contributorId":44123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keech","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Marvin P.","contributorId":66788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206769,"text":"70206769 - 1959 - Some aspects of the origin of the Ironwood iron-formation of Michigan and Wisconsin ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T11:50:28","indexId":"70206769","displayToPublicDate":"1959-11-21T11:41:35","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some aspects of the origin of the Ironwood iron-formation of Michigan and Wisconsin ","docAbstract":"The Ironwood iron-formation of the Gogebic Range of Michigan and Wisconsin is made up of several rock types, each of which is characterized by a different iron-rich mineral: hematite, magnetite, pyrite, iron carbonate, or iron silicate (minnesotaite, stilpnomelane). Where the Ironwood iron-formation is relatively unaltered the Plymouth, Norrie, and Anvil members consist of wavy-bedded magnetite and silicate-rich rocks, whereas the Yale and Pence members consist of even-bedded carbonate, silicate, magnetite, and pyrite-rich rocks. These rock types represent primary facies of the iron-formation that were deposited under differing physical and chemical conditions during a period of continuous iron-rich sedimentation. Animikie sedimentation in the Gogebic district began with the deposition of sandstone and dolomitic limestone in a shallow sea advancing over a low-lying land mass of lower Precambrian granite and green-stone. Continued advance of the sea, with effective separation of clastic material near shore, permitted the dominantly chemical sedimentation of the iron- formation in somewhat deeper water. The development of an off-shore basin with partially restricted circulation would have facilitated such deposition. Minor fluctuations in the physical and chemical conditions within the depositional environment are reflected in the differing facies of the iron-formation. Deposition of the iron and silica-rich chemical sediments was terminated by increased tectonism and the deposition of the thick sequence of slates and graywackes of the Tyler formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.54.1.82","usgsCitation":"Huber, N., 1959, Some aspects of the origin of the Ironwood iron-formation of Michigan and Wisconsin : Economic Geology, v. 54, no. 1, p. 82-118, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.54.1.82.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"118","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"The Gogebic Range of Michigan and Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.209228515625,\n 45.01918507438176\n ],\n [\n -87.637939453125,\n 44.83249999349062\n ],\n [\n -85.682373046875,\n 47.19717795172789\n ],\n [\n -85.660400390625,\n 48.42191010942875\n ],\n [\n -93.18603515624999,\n 48.334343174592014\n ],\n [\n -93.42773437499999,\n 46.5286346952717\n ],\n [\n -88.209228515625,\n 45.01918507438176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1959-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huber, N.K.","contributorId":73610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"N.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211669,"text":"70211669 - 1959 - Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting: II. Overthrust belt in geosynclinal area of western Wyoming in light of fluid-pressure hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-17T20:28:50.7545","indexId":"70211669","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-06T15:09:47","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting: II. Overthrust belt in geosynclinal area of western Wyoming in light of fluid-pressure hypothesis","docAbstract":"Pressures of interstitial fluids significantly greater than the normal hydrostatic pressure are known in many parts of the world. Many occurrences are in thick sections of relatively young sediments; some are in areas that have been intensely deformed. Abnormal fluid pressures in the Gulf Coast region are associated with thick bodies of shale or mudstone, and with high hydraulic gradients across bedding. The rocks there have been buried rather rapidly and are evidently not yet fully compacted. The mechanism by which clay consolidates under pressure affords a quantitative relationship among the variables—depth, strength of clay, and fluid pressure—and this relationship indicates that the Gulf Coast examples agree fairly well with observations on depth and porosity in Paleozoic shales of Oklahoma and Tertiary shales of Venezuela. Critical data are lacking, but permeability clearly decreases tremendously as clay rocks are compacted. This decrease in permeability provides a self-sealing mechanism that greatly retards the escape of pore water from deeply buried clay rocks. The relationship between rate of compaction and the development of abnormal fluid pressures probably applies not only to clay rocks but also to carbonates and possibly to micaceous and chloritic metamorphic rocks. Conditions of geosynclinal deposition are, in general, those most favorable to the development of abnormal fluid pressures.
The hypothesis that large-scale overthrusting is facilitated by abnormal fluid pressures which, in turn, are associated with geosynclinal deposition is applied to the overthrust belt of western Wyoming and adjacent States. This is a long curving belt of several bedding-plane faults which have an aggregate horizontal displacement across the belt of 50 miles or more. The sedimentary rocks that make up the belt were evidently deposited in a major geosyncline bordered by uplands not far to the west. At any given locality, the rate of deposition of the sediments increased continuously until the beginning of intense deformation and overthrusting. The geosynclinal axis and the bordering uplands probably migrated slowly eastward across the belt. Several lines of indirect evidence suggest that abnormal fluid pressures developed in this region during final stages of rapid geosynclinal sinking and that thick plates of Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks sheared off from the underlying rocks and moved slowly eastward. Rate of movement probably was controlled by erosion of upfolds that arose at the front of each moving plate. The fundamental cause of the lateral stresses that propelled the overthrusts is not known, but it may be examined instructively in the light of the fluid-pressure hypothesis. The thrust sheets might, for example, have slid by simple gravitation down the western limb of the geosyncline on reasonable slopes and not improbable fluid pressure-overburden ratios. Such large-scale slumping of thrust sheets, however, seems to require gaps at the rear of the thrust sheets. The long intermontane valleys of Idaho and Utah may possibly have originated as such gaps or rifts, but no proof has yet been recognized that they were formed in this manner. An alternative possibility, regional compression, requires concentration of the lateral stresses within the upper few miles of the earth's crust; in this general region emplacement of the Idaho batholith seems the most likely source of such superficially concentrated stresses. However, this batholith is so far from the front edge of the overthrust belt that it would require extremely high fluid pressure-overburden ratios over a wide area. Perhaps some combination of the two forces—pushing wide thrust plates down a gentle slope—is the most likely explanation.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[167:ROFPIM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rubey, W.W., and Hubbert, M.K., 1959, Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting: II. Overthrust belt in geosynclinal area of western Wyoming in light of fluid-pressure hypothesis: GSA Bulletin, v. 70, no. 2, p. 167-206, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[167:ROFPIM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"206","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubey, William W.","contributorId":16899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubey","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubbert, M. King","contributorId":50197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbert","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"King","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211658,"text":"70211658 - 1959 - Water‐level fluctuations caused by Montana earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-06T16:50:26.274737","indexId":"70211658","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-06T11:37:47","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water‐level fluctuations caused by Montana earthquake","docAbstract":"The major earthquake of August 17, 1959, near the Montana‐Wyoming border had marked effects on water levels and artesian pressures in wells throughout the United States. Preliminary reports from field offices of the U. S. Geological Survey in 21 states show that water‐level fluctuations were automatically recorded in 136 observation wells. These wells for which records are available, and the maximum double amplitude of the fluctuations, are listed in Table 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/TR040i004p00346","usgsCitation":"Da Costa, J.A., 1959, Water‐level fluctuations caused by Montana earthquake: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 40, no. 4, p. 346-346, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR040i004p00346.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"346","endPage":"346","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Da Costa, Jose Alves","contributorId":76291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Da Costa","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"Alves","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211614,"text":"70211614 - 1959 - History of Imuruk Lake, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-05T14:17:27.877505","indexId":"70211614","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-04T14:00:21","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"History of Imuruk Lake, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"A study of Imuruk Lake, a large, shallow lake in north-central Seward Peninsula, Alaska, illuminates the climatic history of northwestern Alaska and the tectonic history of central Seward Peninsula during Pleistocene and Recent time. Special interest attaches to the older lake sediments, because they contain evidence concerning the climate, fauna, and flora that existed in the vicinity of Bering Strait at a time when the Bering land bridge was open and when animal and plant populations were being exchanged between the eastern and western hemispheres.
The lake is 8 miles long and less than 10 feet deep; bottom sediments consisting of reworked wind-blown silt bury a rolling bedrock topography of much greater relief. Analysis of the hydrologic regime indicates that much of the water draining into the lake is lost by evaporation; smaller quantities are lost by discharge through the outlet, the Kugruk River, and by leakage into the lava flows along the lake shore. Changes in the duration and temperature of the summer ice-free season would result in changes in the amount of water lost by evaporation and thus in appreciable changes in lake level.
Imuruk Lake occupies an initial low area on basaltic lava flows of Quaternary age, but the initial low area has been modified by faulting and now lies in a poorly defined graben. Topographic evidence confirmed by study of lacustrine terraces indicates that until recently Imuruk Lake drained westward into the Noxapaga River instead of eastward into the Kugruk River. A history of repeated warping of the lake basin, on which is superimposed a history of oscillating lake level which is due to changes in climate, is recorded by three systems of abandoned shore-line features found along the shores: a warped shore cliff of probable Illinoian age, a double set of warped terraces of probable Wisconsin age, and a low, horizontal terrace of Recent age. Bones of bison, horse, and mammoth were found in peaty sediments containing many twigs but no large wood; their presence indicates that these mammals, at least, were capable of surviving in a tundra environment during cold stages of the Pleistocene epoch and at a time when the Bering land bridge was in existence nearby.
The sediments filling the deeper parts of the bedrock basin of Imuruk Lake probably contain an uninterrupted pollen record that reflects vegetation changes in central Seward Peninsula beginning in middle Illinoian time and terminating a few thousand years ago. Core drilling and pollen analysis of these sediments would greatly amplify our understanding of late Pleistocene events in the vicinity of the Bering land bridge.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[1033:HOILSP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, D., 1959, History of Imuruk Lake, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: GSA Bulletin, v. 70, no. 8, p. 1033-1046, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[1033:HOILSP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1033","endPage":"1046","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Imuruk Lake, Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.57421875,\n 64.09140752262307\n ],\n [\n -160.048828125,\n 64.09140752262307\n ],\n [\n -160.048828125,\n 66.75724984139227\n ],\n [\n -168.57421875,\n 66.75724984139227\n ],\n [\n -168.57421875,\n 64.09140752262307\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkins, David M.","contributorId":37409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211611,"text":"70211611 - 1959 - Water analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-04T18:02:32.856752","indexId":"70211611","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-04T12:52:48","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water analysis","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60148a015","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, L.L., and Kiser, R., 1959, Water analysis: Analytical Chemistry, v. 31, no. 4, p. 776-789, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60148a015.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"776","endPage":"789","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, L. L.","contributorId":23271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiser, R.T.","contributorId":94659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiser","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211610,"text":"70211610 - 1959 - Primary borates in playa deposits: Minerals of high hydration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-06T19:52:05.09678","indexId":"70211610","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-04T12:39:23","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Primary borates in playa deposits: Minerals of high hydration","docAbstract":"The primary borate minerals in nonmarine bedded borate deposits - those of the playa type, and their deformed derivatives - are the high hydrates. Both field and laboratory data indicate that the high hydrates are the borate minerals that form stable phases at the lowest temperatures: under the surface conditions of playas. From a study of hand specimens of borate minerals from the new Turkish borate deposits, Meixner suggested that the borate minerals having the lowest specific gravity, and hence, highest water content, are the primary minerals. The role of temperature in the formation of the hydrous borates is shown by solid phases in the system Na 2 B 4 O 7 -H 2 O. As temperature increases, hydration of the solid phase decreases successively from borax (10H 2 O) through tincalconite (5H 2 O), kernite (4H 2 O), to metakernite (2H 2 O). This suggests that in the temp- erature ranges considered in the present paper - those of playas - the high hydrate (borax) is the one most likely to form as the primary mineral in nature. Studies of the Ca, Mg, and Ca-Na hydrous borate systems suggest that the same statement holds in these systems. Until recently, only borax and ulexite (Na 2 O . 2CaO . 5B 2 O 3 . 16H 2 O) have been known as primary minerals of playa deposits. However, inderite (2MgO . 3B 2 O 3 . 15H 2 O) has recently been found as a primary mineral I 5i in Argentina and primary inyoite (2CaO . 3B 2 O 3 . 13H 2 O) has been found in Peru. These 4 minerals are the high hydrates of their respective mineral series. None of the lower hydrates are known as primary minerals in nonmarine bedded deposits. On burial and deformation of the primary minerals, the changes in temperatures and pressures are almost certainly in such a direction as to encourage minerals of higher density and lower hydration to become stable phases. Field evidence bears this out; in all deformed deposits secondary minerals of low hydration are quantitatively important.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.54.3.495","usgsCitation":"Muessig, S.J., 1959, Primary borates in playa deposits: Minerals of high hydration: Economic Geology, v. 54, no. 3, p. 495-501, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.54.3.495.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"501","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1959-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muessig, Siegfried J.","contributorId":55495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muessig","given":"Siegfried","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211609,"text":"70211609 - 1959 - The relation between fresh and salty ground water in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens counties, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-05T14:23:13.211096","indexId":"70211609","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-04T12:14:36","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relation between fresh and salty ground water in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens counties, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"An investigation of the geology and ground-water conditions in a part of southwestern Long Island, including the construction of 8 deep and 5 shallow test and observation wells, has been completed by the Geological Survey in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works and the New York State Water Power and Control Commission.
In this area are four main water-bearing units of Late Cretaceous and Pleistocene age. Ground water having a higher than normal salt content is encountered in some wells that penetrate the upper three units. Although the presence of this water constitutes a potential threat, existing fresh-water supplies apparently are in little immediate danger under present conditions.
The \"salty\" ground water has chloride concentrations ranging from about 40 to 18,000 ppm (parts per million), generally more than about 2,000 ppm. It occurs in several bodies, seaward of and beneath the fresh water in the respective aquifers, and is in contact with the fresh water through zones of diffusion. The largest salt-water body, confined under artesian pressure, is in the Jameco gravel and the Magothy (?) formation beneath extreme southwestern Nassau County and adjoining southeastern Queens County. This body is thought to have occupied a substantial part of its present extent since at least 1895. It probably has been and is now encroaching, very slowly, because of increased pumping from the fresh-water bodies and possibly as a result of a postglacial rise of sea level. The rate of encroachment under present conditions probably is less than 100 feet per year.
Application of the Ghyben-Herzberg principle to compute depths to the contact between salty and fresh ground water was found to give erroneous results. More accurate depths and a clearer understanding of the relation between heads in adjoining bodies of fresh and salty ground water are obtained by use of a formula adapted from one given by M. King Hubbert.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.54.3.416","usgsCitation":"Perlmutter, N., Geraghty, J.J., and Upson, J., 1959, The relation between fresh and salty ground water in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens counties, Long Island, New York: Economic Geology, v. 54, no. 3, p. 416-435, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.54.3.416.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"435","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County, Queens County","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.8775634765625,\n 40.551374198715166\n ],\n [\n -73.2623291015625,\n 40.551374198715166\n ],\n [\n -73.2623291015625,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -73.8775634765625,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -73.8775634765625,\n 40.551374198715166\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1959-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perlmutter, Nathaniel M.","contributorId":32139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perlmutter","given":"Nathaniel M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geraghty, J. J.","contributorId":74738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geraghty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Upson, J. E.","contributorId":49342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upson","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211608,"text":"70211608 - 1959 - Geology and uranium-vanadium deposits of the slick rock district, San Miguel and Dolores counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-05T14:24:39.206652","indexId":"70211608","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-04T11:45:16","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and uranium-vanadium deposits of the slick rock district, San Miguel and Dolores counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"Sedimentary rocks known in the Slick Rock district in southwestern Colorado range in age from Devonian (?) to Cretaceous, and aggregate about 13,000 feet in maximum thickness. Important uranium-vanadium production has come from deposits in the Salt Wash member of the Morrison formation of Late Jurassic age.
The sedimentary rocks are gently folded in the Dolores and Glade anticlines and the Disappointment syncline, and are cut by the Dolores fault zone in the north part of the district and by the Glade fault zone in the south part of the district. Principal fracture sets are oriented approximately parallel to the major faults.
Detrital hematite, magnetite, and ilmenite in rocks of the Morrison formation not affected by epigenetic alteration contain appreciable amounts of several of the elements found in the ore deposits. Epigenetic alteration processes have bleached large volumes of rock and largely destroyed these minerals. Such alteration is spatially associated with the Dolores fault zone.
Most of the known ore deposits are in the north part of the Slick Rock district in a belt called the Dolores ore zone. The zone lies along the Dolores fault zone but is wider than the fault zone. All known deposits are associated with abundant carbonaceous plant material. Uranium-vanadium deposits in the district are chiefly tabular to lenticular and are roughly parallel to the sedimentary bedding. Some ore bodies, however, are narrow, elongate, and curve sharply across bedding; these bodies have been called \"rolls\" by the miners. Mineral zoning is evident in some roll bodies; carbonates, goethite (altered from pyrite), selenides, and sulfides are commonly found in concentric layers at the concave edge of rolls. This zoning, and the relationship of roll ore bodies to sedimentary structures and lithology, suggest that ore was deposited at an interface between two solutions, possibly cool connate water and a warmer ore solution.
On a district scale, copper and lead are distinctly most abundant in the ore deposits within and immediately adjacent to the Dolores fault zone, and less abundant in deposits toward the edge of the zone. Uranium-vanadium deposits in the district occur only in sandstone that is considered to be epigenetically altered, and the most extensive epigenetic changes have occurred close to ore bodies.
It is concluded that ground water, heated and set into circulation near the end of Cretaceous time by igneous intrusions in the La Sal and other centers on the Colorado Plateau, picked up elements from sedimentary rocks where they had been faulted and fractured, and deposited the elements at solution interfaces where accumulations of carbonaceous material provided favorable chemical conditions for precipitation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.54.3.395","usgsCitation":"Shawe, D., Archbold, N.L., and Simmons, G.C., 1959, Geology and uranium-vanadium deposits of the slick rock district, San Miguel and Dolores counties, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 54, no. 3, p. 395-415, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.54.3.395.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"415","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","county":"Dolores County, San Miguel County","otherGeospatial":"Slick Rock District","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.610595703125,\n 37.25656608611523\n ],\n [\n -108.424072265625,\n 37.25656608611523\n ],\n [\n -108.424072265625,\n 38.14319750166766\n ],\n [\n -109.610595703125,\n 38.14319750166766\n ],\n [\n -109.610595703125,\n 37.25656608611523\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1959-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shawe, D. R.","contributorId":48819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shawe","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archbold, Norbert L.","contributorId":64714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archbold","given":"Norbert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, G. C.","contributorId":82737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211607,"text":"70211607 - 1959 - Ground-water provinces of India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-05T14:27:10.150024","indexId":"70211607","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-04T11:27:24","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water provinces of India","docAbstract":"This paper gives a general resume of ground-water utilization and development and describes the occurrence of water in eight ground-water provinces of India. The paper is based in part on observations of the writer during 1951-55 and in part on earlier work of the Geological Survey of India. Ground water has been utilized extensively in India since before the beginning of the Christian era. Currently (1956) ground water is an important source of supply for domestic, stock, municipal, and industrial needs throughout the Republic and is widely used for irrigation in the Peninsular and Ganges-Brahmaputra regions west of longitude 85°. Dug, bored, and drilled wells are the principal means by which ground water is developed, although locally infiltration tunnels or improved springs are used. Methods of lifting or pumping water from wells include the hand line and bucket, the hand-lift pump, the counterpoised sweep, bullocks, and \"mote,\" the water wheel, horizontal and vertical centrifugal pumps, and deep-well turbine pumps. The most common device for lifting water for irrigation is still the time-honored bullock and \"mote\" (leather bag). However, in modern India there is increasing use of mechanical pumps. With respect to the occurrence of ground water, India can be divided into eight provinces, lying in three major regions, (1) the Peninsular region, (2) the Ganges-Brahmaputra region, and (3) the Himalayan region. The Peninsular region contains six ground-water provinces. Precambrian igneous, metamorphic, and indurated sedimentary rocks and early Tertiary volcanic rocks in three of these provinces yield many small supplies of water, which generally is of good quality but locally is brackish or salty. Cretaceous water-bearing sandstones in another province are moderately productive and in places are developed for large water supplies. Late Tertiary and Quaternary water-bearing sands and gravels in two other provinces sustain many small water supplies and several large water supplies-particularly in the coastal areas of southern India. The Ganges-Brahmaputra region is a single ground-water province in which many tens of thousands of small water supplies and several thousand large supplies are obtained from water-bearing sands and gravels in late Tertiary and Quaternary alluvium. This province constitutes a vast groundwater reservoir, which is the most productive in India. The Himalayan region also is considered as a single province, in which ground water occurs in a series of narrow valleys filled with moderately to highly permeable Quaternary alluvium. These alluvial valleys transmit large quantities of water to the ground-water reservoir in the Ganges-Brahmaputra region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.54.4.683","usgsCitation":"Taylor, G., 1959, Ground-water provinces of India: Economic Geology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 683-697, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.54.4.683.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"683","endPage":"697","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[77.83745,35.49401],[78.91227,34.32194],[78.81109,33.5062],[79.20889,32.99439],[79.17613,32.48378],[78.45845,32.61816],[78.73889,31.51591],[79.72137,30.88271],[81.11126,30.18348],[80.47672,29.72987],[80.08842,28.79447],[81.0572,28.4161],[81.99999,27.92548],[83.30425,27.36451],[84.67502,27.2349],[85.25178,26.7262],[86.02439,26.63098],[87.22747,26.3979],[88.06024,26.41462],[88.1748,26.81041],[88.04313,27.44582],[88.12044,27.87654],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.83564,27.09897],[89.74453,26.7194],[90.37327,26.87572],[91.21751,26.80865],[92.03348,26.83831],[92.10371,27.45261],[91.69666,27.77174],[92.50312,27.89688],[93.41335,28.64063],[94.56599,29.27744],[95.4048,29.03172],[96.11768,29.4528],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.24883,28.41103],[97.32711,28.26158],[97.40256,27.88254],[97.05199,27.69906],[97.134,27.08377],[96.41937,27.26459],[95.12477,26.57357],[95.15515,26.00131],[94.60325,25.1625],[94.55266,24.67524],[94.10674,23.85074],[93.32519,24.07856],[93.28633,23.04366],[93.06029,22.70311],[93.16613,22.27846],[92.67272,22.04124],[92.14603,23.6275],[91.86993,23.62435],[91.70648,22.98526],[91.15896,23.50353],[91.46773,24.07264],[91.91509,24.13041],[92.3762,24.97669],[91.7996,25.14743],[90.87221,25.1326],[89.92069,25.26975],[89.83248,25.96508],[89.35509,26.01441],[88.56305,26.44653],[88.20979,25.76807],[88.93155,25.23869],[88.30637,24.86608],[88.08442,24.50166],[88.69994,24.23371],[88.52977,23.63114],[88.87631,22.87915],[89.03196,22.05571],[88.88877,21.69059],[88.2085,21.70317],[86.9757,21.49556],[87.03317,20.74331],[86.49935,20.15164],[85.06027,19.47858],[83.94101,18.30201],[83.18922,17.67122],[82.19279,17.01664],[82.19124,16.55666],[81.69272,16.31022],[80.792,15.95197],[80.3249,15.89918],[80.02507,15.13641],[80.23327,13.83577],[80.28629,13.00626],[79.86255,12.05622],[79.858,10.35728],[79.34051,10.30885],[78.88535,9.54614],[79.18972,9.21654],[78.27794,8.93305],[77.94117,8.25296],[77.5399,7.96553],[76.59298,8.89928],[76.13006,10.29963],[75.74647,11.30825],[75.3961,11.78125],[74.86482,12.74194],[74.61672,13.99258],[74.44386,14.61722],[73.5342,15.99065],[73.11991,17.92857],[72.82091,19.20823],[72.82448,20.4195],[72.63053,21.35601],[71.17527,20.75744],[70.47046,20.87733],[69.16413,22.0893],[69.64493,22.45077],[69.3496,22.84318],[68.17665,23.69197],[68.8426,24.35913],[71.04324,24.35652],[70.8447,25.2151],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.16893,26.49187],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.6165,27.9892],[71.77767,27.91318],[72.82375,28.96159],[73.45064,29.97641],[74.42138,30.97981],[74.40593,31.69264],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.45156,32.7649],[74.10429,33.44147],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.2402,34.74889],[75.75706,34.50492],[76.87172,34.65354],[77.83745,35.49401]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"India\"}}]}","volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1959-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, George C.","contributorId":45693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"George C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211565,"text":"70211565 - 1959 - Tritium and deuterium content of atmospheric hydrogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-30T20:13:25.785545","indexId":"70211565","displayToPublicDate":"1959-07-30T15:05:17","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5989,"text":"Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tritium and deuterium content of atmospheric hydrogen","docAbstract":"The tritium and deuterium content of 24 samples of atmospheric hydrogen collected at ground level near Buffalo. N.Y. (U.S.A.). Hamburg (Germany), and Nürnberg (Germany) during 1954 to 1956 was measured.
At the beginning of 1954 the T/H-ratio was found to have been 9.18 · 10-14 i.e. about a factor of 10 higher than 1949 (FALTINGS and HARTECK) and 1951 (v. GROSSE et al.), probably due to the first explosion of a thermonuclear device in November 1952. In spite of a major test series of thermonuclear weapons in spring of 1954 (Operation CASTLE) no further increase in the tritium content was found during 1954 and 1955. It shows instead a seasonal variation with low tritium content in summer and about a threefold higher one in winter. Simultaneously, there is a good correlation between the tritium and deuterium concentrations. From 1956 on a noticeable increase in the tritium content due to more man-made HT produced or released by thermonuclear devices into the atmosphere was found, in agreement with measurements by GONSIOR. A possible explanation of the experimental results as well as a mode to test the validity of the model suggested is given.
The deuterium concentrations of the samples analysed vary between about +7 percent and –17 percent, compared to Standard Lake Michigan Water with a ratio D/H = 0.0148 ± 0.0002 mol percent. Although from these results only a correlation factor between the tritium and deuterium content of “mean atmospheric hydrogen” and not their absolute values can be derived it is obvious that atmospheric hydrogen and the water vapour of the atmosphere are not in thermodynamic equilibrium, as has been pointed out before by HARTECK and SUESS.
","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.1515/zna-1959-1204","usgsCitation":"Begemann, F., and Friedman, I., 1959, Tritium and deuterium content of atmospheric hydrogen: Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung A, v. 14, no. 12, p. 1024-1031, https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-1959-1204.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1024","endPage":"1031","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-1959-1204","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Begemann, F.","contributorId":236898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Begemann","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12534,"text":"Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221608,"text":"70221608 - 1959 - Some phase relations in the hydrothermally altered rocks of porphyry copper deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T13:17:42.933624","indexId":"70221608","displayToPublicDate":"1959-06-25T08:16:31","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some phase relations in the hydrothermally altered rocks of porphyry copper deposits","docAbstract":"The application of ACF and AKF diagrams to the hydrothermal alteration in porphyry Cu deposits aids in the recognition of the critical components, and the characteristic mineral phases permit the distinction of one alteration facies from another. The somewhat meager chemical and mineralogical data suggest 3 principal alteration facies, herein called the propylitic, argillic, and potassium silicate facies. The ACF diagram applies to the propylitic alteration. The critical components are Al 2 O 3 , CaO, and (FeO + MgO + MnO), and the characteristic minerals are muscovite (sericite), epidote, chlorite, and a member of the carbonate group. The AKF diagram applies to the argillic and potassium silicate facies. The critical components are Al 2 O 3 , K 2 O, and (FeO + MgO + MnO). The characteristic minerals for the argillic facies are kaolinite (or other member of the group) and muscovite (sericite); and for the potassium silicate facies, muscovite (sericite), biotite, and K-Feldspar. For the propylitic facies, insufficient chemical analyses are available to show the chemical changes between the fresh and altered rock. For the argillic and potassium silicate facies, chemical analyses indicate a loss in Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, and Na; and a gain in K, hydroxyl ion (water), and S. The gain in K is about 60% greater for the potassium silicate facies than for the argillic.
This report summarizes an interpretation of the geology of Yucca Valley to depths of about 2,300 feet below the surface, the characteristics features of ground water in Yucca and Frenchman Valleys, and the seismic, gravity, and magnetic data for these valleys. Compilation of data, preparation of illustrations, and writing of the report were completed during the period December 26, 1958 to January 10, 1959. Some of the general conclusions must be considered as tentative until more data are available.
\nThis work was done by the U.S. Geological Survey on behalf of Albuquerque Operations Office, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tei358","collaboration":"Prepared on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Wilmarth, V.R., Healey, D., Clebsch, A., Winograd, I., Zietz, I., and Oliver, H.W., 1959, A Summary interpretation of geologic, hydrologic, and geophysical data for Yucca Valley, Nevada test site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 358, Report: 52 p.; Plate 1: 24.14 x 49.29 inches; Plate 2: 23.40 x 47.80 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei358.","productDescription":"Report: 52 p.; Plate 1: 24.14 x 49.29 inches; Plate 2: 23.40 x 47.80 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei358.PNG"},{"id":284559,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0358/report.pdf"},{"id":284556,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0358/figure-1.pdf"},{"id":284557,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0358/figure-2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Test Site;Yucca Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.166667,36.666667 ], [ -116.166667,37.25 ], [ -116.0,37.25 ], [ -116.0,36.666667 ], [ -116.166667,36.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53558fbde4b0120853e8bdf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilmarth, Verl Richard","contributorId":72362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmarth","given":"Verl","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healey, D.L.","contributorId":52964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healey","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":284108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clebsch, Alfred Jr.","contributorId":27886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clebsch","given":"Alfred","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winograd, I.J.","contributorId":10408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zietz, Isadore","contributorId":82223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zietz","given":"Isadore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oliver, H. W.","contributorId":85570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70171230,"text":"70171230 - 1959 - Water problems of Puerto Rico and a program of water-resources investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T09:51:04","indexId":"70171230","displayToPublicDate":"1959-01-15T10:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Water problems of Puerto Rico and a program of water-resources investigations","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the Second Caribbean Geological Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Second Caribbean Geological Conference","conferenceDate":"January 4-9, 1959","conferenceLocation":"Mayagüez, Puerto Rico","language":"Spanish","publisher":"University of Puerto Rico","usgsCitation":"Arnow, T., and Bogart, D.B., 1959, Water problems of Puerto Rico and a program of water-resources investigations, in Transactions of the Second Caribbean Geological Conference, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, January 4-9, 1959, p. 120-129.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"129","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e3fe4b07e28b664dc22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnow, Ted","contributorId":84733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnow","given":"Ted","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bogart, Dean Butler","contributorId":85157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogart","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"Butler","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}