To develop a clearer picture of the nature, extent and quality of management support available for conducting research within the FWS, we completed investigations to identify organizational units within the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) that conduct research as a significant portion of their mission; identify positions in the FWS that include, in whole or in part, a component of scientific research; and assess the attitudes of employees and managers about the obstacles and opportunities for scientific research existing within the FWS.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051391","usgsCitation":"Ratz, J., Ponds, P.D., Neilson, J.R., Liverca, J., and Lamb, B.L., 2005, Quantity, quality, and support for research in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: An organizational assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1391, iii, 173 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051391.","productDescription":"iii, 173 p.","numberOfPages":"177","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051391.PNG"},{"id":320959,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20051449","text":"Attitudinal survey component of the study Quantity, quality, and support for research in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: An organizational assessment: Report of methods and frequencies"},{"id":320266,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1391/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratz, Joan M.","contributorId":22739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratz","given":"Joan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea D.","contributorId":65156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neilson, Jennifer R.","contributorId":35025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liverca, Joyce","contributorId":89621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liverca","given":"Joyce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamb, Berton Lee","contributorId":96784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1004049,"text":"1004049 - 2005 - USGS/National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T14:01:09","indexId":"1004049","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS/National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lemanski, C., Converse, K., Sohn, R., and McLaughlin, G., 2005, USGS/National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report: Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 41, no. 2, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemanski, C.","contributorId":9611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemanski","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, K.","contributorId":40157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sohn, R.","contributorId":8042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohn","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, G.","contributorId":38506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015301,"text":"1015301 - 2005 - Delayed effects of flood control on a flood-dependent riparian forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T10:26:51","indexId":"1015301","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delayed effects of flood control on a flood-dependent riparian forest","docAbstract":"The downstream effects of dams on riparian forests are strongly mediated by the character and magnitude of adjustment of the fluvial–geomorphic system. To examine the effects of flow regulation on sand-bed streams in eastern Colorado, we studied the riparian forest on three river segments, the dam-regulated South Fork Republican River downstream of Bonny Dam, the unregulated South Fork Republican River upstream of Bonny Dam, and the unregulated Arikaree River. Although Bonny Dam significantly reduced peak and mean discharge downstream since 1951, there was little difference in forest structure between the regulated and unregulated segments. On all river segments, the riparian forest was dominated by the native pioneer tree, Populus deltoides, which became established during a period of channel narrowing beginning after the 1935 flood of record and ending by 1965. The nonnative Elaeagnus angustifolia was present on all river segments, with recruitment ongoing. The lack of contrast in forest structure between regulated and unregulated reaches resulted primarily from the fact that no large floods occurred on any of the study segments since dam construction. Most of the riparian forest in the study area was located on the broad narrowing terrace, which was rarely inundated on the unregulated segments, resulting in little contrast with the regulated segment. A minor dam effect occurred on the small modern floodplain, which was actively disturbed on the unregulated segments, but not on the regulated segments. Although Bonny Dam had the potential to significantly influence downstream riparian ecosystems, this influence had not been expressed, and may never be if a large flood does not occur within the lifetime of the dam. Minor dam effects to riparian systems can be expected downstream of large dams in some settings, including the present example in which there was insufficient time for the dam effects to by fully expressed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/04-0076","usgsCitation":"Katz, G.L., Friedman, J.M., and Beatty, S.W., 2005, Delayed effects of flood control on a flood-dependent riparian forest: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 3, p. 1019-1035, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0076.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1035","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f751c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, Gabrielle L.","contributorId":194352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katz","given":"Gabrielle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beatty, Susan W.","contributorId":70530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beatty","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028830,"text":"70028830 - 2005 - Cubic map algebra functions for spatio-temporal analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028830","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cubic map algebra functions for spatio-temporal analysis","docAbstract":"We propose an extension of map algebra to three dimensions for spatio-temporal data handling. This approach yields a new class of map algebra functions that we call \"cube functions.\" Whereas conventional map algebra functions operate on data layers representing two-dimensional space, cube functions operate on data cubes representing two-dimensional space over a third-dimensional period of time. We describe the prototype implementation of a spatio-temporal data structure and selected cube function versions of conventional local, focal, and zonal map algebra functions. The utility of cube functions is demonstrated through a case study analyzing the spatio-temporal variability of remotely sensed, southeastern U.S. vegetation character over various land covers and during different El Nin??o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases. Like conventional map algebra, the application of cube functions may demand significant data preprocessing when integrating diverse data sets, and are subject to limitations related to data storage and algorithm performance. Solutions to these issues include extending data compression and computing strategies for calculations on very large data volumes to spatio-temporal data handling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1559/1523040053270765","issn":"15230406","usgsCitation":"Mennis, J., Viger, R., and Tomlin, C., 2005, Cubic map algebra functions for spatio-temporal analysis: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 32, no. 1, p. 17-32, https://doi.org/10.1559/1523040053270765.","startPage":"17","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209903,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/1523040053270765"},{"id":236650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd05e4b0c8380cd4e5b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mennis, J.","contributorId":67275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mennis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Viger, R.","contributorId":29191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tomlin, C.D.","contributorId":102258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomlin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028876,"text":"70028876 - 2005 - Influence of loss of gradient from postglacial uplift on Red River flood hazard, Manitoba, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028876","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of loss of gradient from postglacial uplift on Red River flood hazard, Manitoba, Canada","docAbstract":"The north-flowing, low-gradient section of the Red River in Manitoba has lost ???60% of its valley gradient since 8 ka cal. BP. An existing hydraulic model of the modern Red River flood zone was used to examine the change in flood extent and depth of a discharge equivalent to the 1997 Red River flood (3970 m3/s) for scenarios of gradients at 8, 6, 4 and 2 ka cal. BP as well as 2 ka in the future. The modelling indicates a broad, shallow flood zone for all of the gradient scenarios, with extent and depth increasing over time. Between the 8 ka cal. BP and present-day scenarios, the flood zone increased from 1186 km2 to 1531 km2 (???29%) with depth increasing along four east-west cross-sections by 0.69 m (???61%), 0.91 m (???82%), 0.56 m (???64%) and 0.48 m (???86%). The flood extent and depths increased by a further 18 km2 (???5%) and 0.04-0.06 m (2-5%), respectively, by 2 ka in the future. Most of these changes to the flood zone occurred between 8 and 2 ka cal. BP, reflecting an exponential loss of gradient. A rise in flood depth equivalent to that which occurred between 8 ka cal. BP and the present-day, is assessed as increasing the long-term flood hazard; in contrast, the slight rise in depth between the present-day and 2 ka in the future does not. ?? 2005 Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1191/0959683605hl804rp","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Brooks, G.R., Thorleifson, L.H., and Lewis, C., 2005, Influence of loss of gradient from postglacial uplift on Red River flood hazard, Manitoba, Canada: Holocene, v. 15, no. 3, p. 347-352, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683605hl804rp.","startPage":"347","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210006,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683605hl804rp"},{"id":236793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b50e4b0c8380cd62401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, G. R.","contributorId":96312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorleifson, L. Harvey","contributorId":103430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorleifson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Harvey","affiliations":[{"id":38105,"text":"Minnesota Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":420142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, C.F.M.","contributorId":39971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"C.F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028865,"text":"70028865 - 2005 - The ecological - Societal underpinnings of Everglades restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028865","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The ecological - Societal underpinnings of Everglades restoration","docAbstract":"The biotic integrity of the Florida Everglades, a wetland of immense international importance, is threatened as a result of decades of human manipulation for drainage and development. Past management of the system only exacerbated the problems associated with nutrient enrichment and disruption of regional hydrology. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) now being implemented by Federal and State governments is an attempt to strike a balance between the needs of the environment with the complex management of water and the seemingly unbridled economic growth of southern Florida. CERP is expected to reverse negative environmental trends by \"getting the water right\", but successful Everglades restoration will require both geochemical and hydrologic intervention on a massive scale. This will produce ecological trade-offs and will require new and innovative scientific measures to (1) reduce total phosphorus concentrations within the remaining marsh to 10 ??g/L or lower; (2) quantify and link ecological benefits to the restoration of depths, hydroperiods, and flow velocities; and (3) compensate for ecological, economic, and hydrologic uncertainties in the CERP through adaptive management. ?? The Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","language":"English","issn":"15409295","usgsCitation":"Sklar, F.H., Chimney, M., Newman, S., McCormick, P., Gawlik, D., Miao, S., McVoy, C., Said, W., Newman, J., Coronado, C., Crozier, G., Korvela, M., and Rutchey, K., 2005, The ecological - Societal underpinnings of Everglades restoration, in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 3, no. 3, p. 161-169.","startPage":"161","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baaf7e4b08c986b322b18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sklar, Fred H.","contributorId":23327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sklar","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chimney, M.J.","contributorId":6648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chimney","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newman, S.","contributorId":7678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCormick, P.","contributorId":30022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gawlik, D.","contributorId":23742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gawlik","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miao, S.","contributorId":79688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miao","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McVoy, C.","contributorId":24155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McVoy","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Said, W.","contributorId":45101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Said","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Newman, J.","contributorId":13764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Coronado, C.","contributorId":39998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coronado","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Crozier, G.","contributorId":50711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crozier","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Korvela, M.","contributorId":71751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korvela","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rutchey, K.","contributorId":35825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutchey","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70028874,"text":"70028874 - 2005 - Two alternative juvenile life history types for fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T16:33:33","indexId":"70028874","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two alternative juvenile life history types for fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River basin","docAbstract":"Fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Snake River basin were listed under the Endangered Species Act in 1992. At the time of listing, it was assumed that fall Chinook salmon juveniles in the Snake River basin adhered strictly to an ocean-type life history characterized by saltwater entry at age 0 and first-year wintering in the ocean. Research showed, however, that some fall Chinook salmon juveniles in the Snake River basin spent their first winter in a reservoir and resumed seaward movement the following spring at age 1 (hereafter, reservoir-type juveniles). We collected wild and hatchery ocean-type fall Chinook salmon juveniles in 1997 and wild and hatchery reservoir-type juveniles in 1998 to assess the condition of the reservoir-type juveniles at the onset of seaward movement. The ocean-type juveniles averaged 112-139 mm fork length, and the reservoir-type juveniles averaged 222-224 mm fork length. The large size of the reservoir-type juveniles suggested a high potential for survival to salt water and subsequent return to freshwater. Scale pattern analyses of the fall Chinook salmon spawners we collected during 1998-2003 supported this point. Of the spawners sampled, an overall average of 41% of the wild fish and 51% of the hatchery fish had been reservoir-type juveniles. Males that had been reservoir-type juveniles often returned as small \"minijacks\" (wild, 16% of total; hatchery, 40% of total), but 84% of the wild males, 60% of the hatchery males, and 100% of the wild and hatchery females that had been reservoir-type juveniles returned at ages and fork lengths commonly observed in populations of Chinook salmon. We conclude that fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River basin exhibit two alternative juvenile life histories, namely ocean-type and reservoir-type. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T03-131.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Connor, W., Sneva, J., Tiffan, K., Steinhorst, R., and Ross, D., 2005, Two alternative juvenile life history types for fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River basin: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 2, p. 291-304, https://doi.org/10.1577/T03-131.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"304","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210005,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T03-131.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.76293945312499,\n 43.84245116699036\n ],\n [\n -116.38916015624999,\n 42.85985981506279\n ],\n [\n -117.48779296875,\n 44.000717834282774\n ],\n [\n -117.520751953125,\n 45.87471224890479\n ],\n [\n -118.004150390625,\n 46.41513877649202\n ],\n [\n -119.44335937499999,\n 45.67548217560647\n ],\n [\n -123.12377929687499,\n 45.42158812329091\n ],\n [\n -124.002685546875,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -123.93676757812499,\n 46.33175800051563\n ],\n [\n -122.882080078125,\n 46.263442671779885\n ],\n [\n -122.354736328125,\n 45.81348649679971\n ],\n [\n -120.60791015625,\n 46.03510927947334\n ],\n [\n -119.124755859375,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -118.311767578125,\n 46.74738913515841\n ],\n [\n -116.60888671874999,\n 46.73233101286786\n ],\n [\n -116.290283203125,\n 46.36209301204985\n ],\n [\n -116.03759765625,\n 44.645208223744035\n ],\n [\n -115.850830078125,\n 44.10336537791152\n ],\n [\n -115.76293945312499,\n 43.84245116699036\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"134","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb94ae4b08c986b327bac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, W.P.","contributorId":98090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sneva, J.G.","contributorId":7066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneva","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steinhorst, R.K.","contributorId":89833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinhorst","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ross, D.","contributorId":7049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028855,"text":"70028855 - 2005 - Distribution, foraging behavior, and capture results of the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) in central Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028855","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution, foraging behavior, and capture results of the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) in central Oregon","docAbstract":"The spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) has been virtually unknown in Oregon despite the existence of potential habitat in many areas of the state. In 2002 and 2003 we searched for spotted bats along the John Day, Deschutes, and Crooked Rivers and at a remote dry canyon southeast of the city of Bend in central Oregon. The species was documented through the use of mist-nets, a bat detector, and recognition of audible spotted bat calls. Spotted bats were found at 11 locations in 6 Oregon counties. Nightly activity patterns of spotted bats were unpredictable. Spotted bats were found in 78% of search areas but on only 48% of survey nights. We observed spotted bats foraging above fields and low upland slopes adjacent to rivers and creeks and along the rims of cliffs. Estimated flying heights of spotted bats ranged from 3 m to 50 m aboveground. The species was difficult to capture and was captured only after considerable experimentation with methods and materials. Three spotted bats were captured toward the end of the project in 2003 and accounted for only 0.5% of all bats captured during the study. Although we attached radio transmitters to 2 spotted bats, we found no roost locations. We believe additional spotted bat surveys in Oregon are warranted, especially in higher-elevation habitats, but recommend that to increase their effectiveness, surveys accommodate the unique foraging behavior of the species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Rodhouse, T., McCaffrey, M., and Wright, R., 2005, Distribution, foraging behavior, and capture results of the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) in central Oregon: Western North American Naturalist, v. 65, no. 2, p. 215-222.","startPage":"215","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a031ee4b0c8380cd5034f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodhouse, T.J.","contributorId":10978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodhouse","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCaffrey, M.F.","contributorId":90095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffrey","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, R.G.","contributorId":9622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028775,"text":"70028775 - 2005 - Two-stage sequential sampling: A neighborhood-free adaptive sampling procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028775","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two-stage sequential sampling: A neighborhood-free adaptive sampling procedure","docAbstract":"Designing an efficient sampling scheme for a rare and clustered population is a challenging area of research. Adaptive cluster sampling, which has been shown to be viable for such a population, is based on sampling a neighborhood of units around a unit that meets a specified condition. However, the edge units produced by sampling neighborhoods have proven to limit the efficiency and applicability of adaptive cluster sampling. We propose a sampling design that is adaptive in the sense that the final sample depends on observed values, but it avoids the use of neighborhoods and the sampling of edge units. Unbiased estimators of population total and its variance are derived using Murthy's estimator. The modified two-stage sampling design is easy to implement and can be applied to a wider range of populations than adaptive cluster sampling. We evaluate the proposed sampling design by simulating sampling of two real biological populations and an artificial population for which the variable of interest took the value either 0 or 1 (e.g., indicating presence and absence of a rare event). We show that the proposed sampling design is more efficient than conventional sampling in nearly all cases. The approach used to derive estimators (Murthy's estimator) opens the door for unbiased estimators to be found for similar sequential sampling designs. ?? 2005 American Statistical Association and the International Biometric Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1198/108571105X28183","issn":"10857117","usgsCitation":"Salehi, M., and Smith, D., 2005, Two-stage sequential sampling: A neighborhood-free adaptive sampling procedure: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 10, no. 1, p. 84-103, https://doi.org/10.1198/108571105X28183.","startPage":"84","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209714,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1198/108571105X28183"},{"id":236406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9a2e4b08c986b327ce0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salehi, M.","contributorId":94483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salehi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028776,"text":"70028776 - 2005 - Use of tracers and isotopes to evaluate vulnerability of water in domestic wells to septic waste","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:28:18","indexId":"70028776","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of tracers and isotopes to evaluate vulnerability of water in domestic wells to septic waste","docAbstract":"In Nebraska, a large number (>200) of shallow sand‐point and cased wells completed in coarse alluvial sediments along rivers and lakes still are used to obtain drinking water for human consumption, even though construction of sand‐point wells for consumptive uses has been banned since 1987. The quality of water from shallow domestic wells potentially vulnerable to seepage from septic systems was evaluated by analyzing for the presence of tracers and multiple isotopes. Samples were collected from 26 sand‐point and perforated, cased domestic wells and were analyzed for bacteria, coliphages, nitrogen species, nitrogen and boron isotopes, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), prescription and nonprescription drugs, or organic waste water contaminants. At least 13 of the 26 domestic well samples showed some evidence of septic system effects based on the results of several tracers including DOC, coliphages, NH4+, NO3−, N2, δ15N[NO3−] and boron isotopes, and antibiotics and other drugs. Sand‐point wells within 30 m of a septic system and <14 m deep in a shallow, thin aquifer had the most tracers detected and the highest values, indicating the greatest vulnerability to contamination from septic waste.
This chapter reviews the predicted effects of induced defenses on trophic structure and two aspects of stability, “local” stability and persistence, as well as presenting novel results on a third, resilience. Food webs are structures of populations in a given location organized according to their predator–prey interactions. Interaction strengths and, therefore, prey defenses are generally recognized as important ecological factors affecting food webs. Despite this, surprisingly, little light has been shed on the food web-level consequences of inducible defenses. Inducible defenses occur in many taxa in both terrestrial and aquatic food webs. They include refuge use, reduced activity, adaptive life history changes, the production of toxins, synomones and extrafloral nectar, and the formation of colonies, helmets, thorns, or spines. In the chapter, theoretical results for the effects of inducible defenses on trophic structure and the three aspects of stability are reviewed. This is done, in part, using bifurcation analysis—a type of analysis that is applied to nonlinear dynamic systems described by a set of ordinary differential or difference equations. The work presented in the chapter suggests that heterogeneity, as caused by induced defenses in prey species, has major effects on the functioning of food webs. Inducible defenses occur in many species in both aquatic and terrestrial systems, and theoretical work indicates they have major effects on important food web properties such as trophic structure, local stability, persistence, and resilience.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dynamic food webs: Multispecies assemblages, ecosystem development, and environmental change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-012088458-2/50013-8","usgsCitation":"Vos, M., Kooi, B.W., DeAngelis, D., and Mooij, W.M., 2005, Inducible defenses in food webs: Chapter 3.4, chap. of Dynamic food webs: Multispecies assemblages, ecosystem development, and environmental change, p. 114-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012088458-2/50013-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"127","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568e4915e4b0e7a44bc419e7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"de Ruiter, Peter","contributorId":152070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Ruiter","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587786,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolters, Volkmar","contributorId":152071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolters","given":"Volkmar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587787,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, John C.","contributorId":152072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"John C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587788,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melville-Smith, Kimberly","contributorId":152073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melville-Smith","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587789,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Vos, Matthijs","contributorId":152068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vos","given":"Matthijs","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kooi, Bob W.","contributorId":152069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kooi","given":"Bob","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":587782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooij, Wolf M.","contributorId":94169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooij","given":"Wolf","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028854,"text":"70028854 - 2005 - Alkali elemental and potassium isotopic compositions of Semarkona chondrules","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-27T15:41:54.657217","indexId":"70028854","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alkali elemental and potassium isotopic compositions of Semarkona chondrules","docAbstract":"We report measurements of K isotope ratios in 28 Semarkona chondrules with a wide range of petrologic types and bulk compositions as well as the compositions of CPX-mesostasis pairs in 17 type I Semarkona chondrules, including two chondrules with radial alkali zonation and 19 type II chondrules. Despite the wide range in K/Al ratios, no systematic variations in K isotopic compositions were found. Semarkona chondrules do not record a simple history of Rayleigh-type loss of K. Experimentally determined evaporation rates suggest that considerable alkali evaporation would have occurred during chondrule formation. Nevertheless, based on Na CPX-mesostasis distribution coefficients, the alkali contents of the cores of most chondrules in Semarkona were probably established at the time of final crystallization. However, Na CPX-mesostasis distribution coefficients also show that alkali zonation in type I Semarkona chondrules was produced by entry of alkalis after solidification, probably during parent body alteration. This alkali metasomatism may have gone to completion in some chondrules. Our preferred explanation for the lack of systematic isotopic enrichments, even in alkali depleted type I chondrule cores, is that they exchanged with the ambient gas as they cooled.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00962.x","usgsCitation":"Alexander, C.M., and Grossman, J.N., 2005, Alkali elemental and potassium isotopic compositions of Semarkona chondrules: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 40, no. 4, p. 541-556, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00962.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00962.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e966e4b0c8380cd48254","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, C. M. O’D.","contributorId":105418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. O’D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grossman, Jeffrey N. 0000-0001-9099-9628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-9628","contributorId":37317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028853,"text":"70028853 - 2005 - Determinants of wood thrush nest success: A multi-scale, model selection approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028853","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determinants of wood thrush nest success: A multi-scale, model selection approach","docAbstract":"We collected data on 212 wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) nests in central New York from 1998 to 2000 to determine the factors that most strongly influence nest success. We used an information-theoretic approach to assess and rank 9 models that examined the relationship between nest success (i.e., the probability that a nest would successfully fledge at least 1 wood thrush offspring) and habitat conditions at different spatial scales. We found that 4 variables were significant predictors of nesting success for wood thrushes: (1) total core habitat within 5 km of a study site, (2) distance to forest-field edge, (3) total forest cover within 5 km of the study site, and (4) density and variation in diameter of trees and shrubs surrounding the nest. The coefficients of these predictors were all positive. Of the 9 models evaluated, amount of core habitat in the 5-km landscape was the best-fit model, but the vegetation structure model (i.e., the density of trees and stems surrounding a nest) was also supported by the data. Based on AIC weights, enhancement of core area is likely to be a more effective management option than any other habitat-management options explored in this study. Bootstrap analysis generally confirmed these results; core and vegetation structure models were ranked 1, 2, or 3 in over 50% of 1,000 bootstrap trials. However, bootstrap results did not point to a decisive model, which suggests that multiple habitat factors are influencing wood thrush nesting success. Due to model uncertainty, we used a model averaging approach to predict the success or failure of each nest in our dataset. This averaged model was able to correctly predict 61.1% of nest outcomes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0699:DOWTNS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, M.J., Donovan, T., Mickey, R., Howard, A., and Fleming, K., 2005, Determinants of wood thrush nest success: A multi-scale, model selection approach: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 2, p. 699-709, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0699:DOWTNS]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"699","endPage":"709","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209745,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0699:DOWTNS]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff84e4b0c8380cd4f226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, Melanie J.L.","contributorId":105492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, T.","contributorId":31965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mickey, R.","contributorId":44725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickey","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard, A.","contributorId":54392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleming, K.K.","contributorId":62392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028867,"text":"70028867 - 2005 - Offshore marine observation of Willow Ptarmigan, including water landings, Kuskokwim Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-21T17:40:17","indexId":"70028867","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Offshore marine observation of Willow Ptarmigan, including water landings, Kuskokwim Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"We report an observation of Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) encountered 8 to 17 km from the nearest shoreline on Kuskokwim Bay, Alaska, on 30 August 2003. The ptarmigan were observed flying, landing on our research vessel, and landing and taking off from the water surface. We also report on one other observation of ptarmigan sitting on the water surface and other marine observations of ptarmigan from the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database. These observations provide evidence that Willow Ptarmigan are capable of dispersing across large bodies of water and landing and taking off from the water surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/04-074","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, C.E., Hillgruber, N., Burril, S., St. Peters, M.A., and Wetzel, J.D., 2005, Offshore marine observation of Willow Ptarmigan, including water landings, Kuskokwim Bay, Alaska: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 117, no. 1, p. 12-14, https://doi.org/10.1676/04-074.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1676/04-074","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kuskokwim Bay","volume":"117","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6cb8e4b0c8380cd74da6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hillgruber, Nicola","contributorId":138856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hillgruber","given":"Nicola","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12548,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":420102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burril, Sean E.","contributorId":56183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burril","given":"Sean E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"St. Peters, Michelle A.","contributorId":25744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St. Peters","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wetzel, Jennifer D.","contributorId":92861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028873,"text":"70028873 - 2005 - Climate dependency of tree growth suppressed by acid deposition effects on soils in Northwest Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028873","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate dependency of tree growth suppressed by acid deposition effects on soils in Northwest Russia","docAbstract":"Increased tree growth in temperate and boreal forests has been proposed as a direct consequence of a warming climate. Acid deposition effects on nutrient availability may influence the climate dependency of tree growth, however. This study presents an analysis of archived soil samples that has enabled changes in soil chemistry to be tracked with patterns of tree growth through the 20th century. Soil samples collected in 1926, 1964, and 2001, near St. Petersburg, Russia, showed that acid deposition was likely to have decreased root-available concentrations of Ca (an essential element) and increased root-available concentrations of Al (an inhibitor of Ca uptake). These soil changes coincided with decreased diameter growth and a suppression of climate-tree growth relationships in Norway spruce. Expected increases in tree growth from climate warming may be limited by decreased soil fertility in regions of northern and eastern Europe, and eastern North America, where Ca availability has been reduced by acidic deposition. ?? 2005 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es048759o","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G., Lapenis, A., Berggren, D., Aparin, B., Smith, K., Shortle, W., Bailey, S., Varlyguin, D., and Babikov, B., 2005, Climate dependency of tree growth suppressed by acid deposition effects on soils in Northwest Russia: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 7, p. 2004-2010, https://doi.org/10.1021/es048759o.","startPage":"2004","endPage":"2010","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209981,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es048759o"},{"id":236761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f651e4b0c8380cd4c6b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapenis, A.G.","contributorId":85701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapenis","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berggren, D.","contributorId":35531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berggren","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aparin, B.F.","contributorId":24899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aparin","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, K.T.","contributorId":94807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shortle, W.C.","contributorId":20919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shortle","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bailey, S.W.","contributorId":29113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Varlyguin, D.L.","contributorId":84967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varlyguin","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Babikov, B.","contributorId":71752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babikov","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70028866,"text":"70028866 - 2005 - Spartina alterniflora genotype influences facilitation and suppression of high marsh species colonizing an early successional salt marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T09:54:18","indexId":"70028866","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spartina alterniflora genotype influences facilitation and suppression of high marsh species colonizing an early successional salt marsh","docAbstract":"The quality of drinking and recreational water is currently (2005) determined using indicator bacteria. However, the culture tests used to analyze for these bacteria require a long time to complete and do not discriminate between human and animal fecal material sources. One complementary approach is to use chemicals found in human wastewater, which would have the advantages of (1) potentially shorter analysis times than the bacterial culture tests and (2) being selected for human-source specificity. At 10 locations, water samples were collected upstream and at two successive points downstream from a wastewaster treatment plant (WWTP); a treated effluent sample was also collected at each WWTP. This sampling plan was used to determine the persistence of a chemically diverse suite of emerging contaminants in streams. Samples were also collected at two reference locations assumed to have minimal human impacts. Of the 110 chemical analytes investigated in this project, 78 were detected at least once. The number of compounds in a given sample ranged from 3 at a reference location to 50 in a WWTP effluent sample. The total analyte load at each location varied from 0.018 μg/L at the reference location to 97.7 μg/L in a separate WWTP effluent sample. Although most of the compound concentrations were in the range of 0.01−1.0 μg/L, in some samples, individual concentrations were in the range of 5−38 μg/L. The concentrations of the majority of the chemicals present in the samples generally followed the expected trend: they were either nonexistent or at trace levels in the upstream samples, had their maximum concentrations in the WWTP effluent samples, and then declined in the two downstream samples. This research suggests that selected chemicals are useful as tracers of human wastewater discharge.
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Surveys were conducted in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, during late July and early August from 1997 through 1999. Principle components analysis (PCA) revealed that spatial heterogeneity in the physical oceanographic environment of lower Cook Inlet could be modeled as three marine-estuarine gradients characterized by temperature, salinity, bottom depth, and turbidity. The gradients persisted from 1997 through 1999, and PCA explained 68% to 92% of the variance in physical oceanography for each gradient-year combination. Correlations between chlorophyll α abundance and distribution and the PCA axes were weak. Chlorophyll was reduced by turbidity, and low levels occurred in areas with high levels of suspended sediments. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was used to order the sample sites based on species composition and to order the zooplankton and forage fish taxa based on similarities among sample sites for each gradient-year. Correlations between the structure of the physical environment (PCA axis 1) and zooplankton community structure (DCA axis 1) were strong (r = 0.43-0.86) in all years for the three marine-estuarine gradients, suggesting that zooplankton community composition was structured by the physical environment. The physical environment (PCA) and forage fish community structure (DCA) were weakly correlated in all years along Gradient 2, defined by halocline intensity and surface temperature and salinity, even though these physical variables were more important for defining zooplankton habitats. However, the physical environment (PCA) and forage fish community structure (DCA) were strongly correlated along the primary marine-estuarine gradient (#1) in 1997 (r = 0.87) and 1998 (r = 0.82). The correlation was poor (r = 0.32) in 1999, when fish community structure changed markedly in lower Cook Inlet. Capelin (Mallotus villosus), walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), and arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) were caught farther north than in previous years. Waters were significantly colder and more saline in 1999, a La Nina year, than in other years of the study. Interannual fluctuations in environmental conditions in lower Cook Inlet did not have substantial effects on zooplankton community structure, although abundance of individual taxa varied significantly. The abundance and distribution of chlorophyll α, zooplankton and forage fish were affected much more by spatial variability in physical oceanography than by interannual variability. Our examination of physical-biological linkages in lower Cook Inlet supports the concept of \"bottom-up control,\" i.e., that variability in the physical environment structures higher trophic-level communities by influencing their distribution and abundance across space.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2388-4.91","usgsCitation":"Glen, W., 2005, The origins and early trajectory of the mantle plume quasi-paradigm: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 388, p. 91-117, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2388-4.91.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"388","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae72e4b08c986b3240dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glen, W.","contributorId":52728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031423,"text":"70031423 - 2005 - Trends and variability in snowmelt runoff in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70031423","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends and variability in snowmelt runoff in the western United States","docAbstract":"The timing of snowmelt runoff (SMR) for 84 rivers in the western United States is examined to understand the character of SMR variability and the climate processes that may be driving changes in SMR timing. Results indicate that the timing of SMR for many rivers in the western United States has shifted to earlier in the snowmelt season. This shift occurred as a step change during the mid-1980s in conjunction with a step increase in spring and early-summer atmospheric pressures and temperatures over the western United States. The cause of the step change has not yet been determined. ?? 2005 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/JHM428.1","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Clark, M., 2005, Trends and variability in snowmelt runoff in the western United States: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 6, no. 4, p. 476-482, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM428.1.","startPage":"476","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477825,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm428.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212592,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM428.1"},{"id":240098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7d6e4b08c986b3274f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031430,"text":"70031430 - 2005 - Calculating mercury loading to the tidal Hudson River, New York, using rating curve and surrogate methodologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031430","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculating mercury loading to the tidal Hudson River, New York, using rating curve and surrogate methodologies","docAbstract":"Total mercury (THg) load in rivers is often calculated from a site-specific \"rating-curve\" based on the relation between THg concentration and river discharge along with a continuous record of river discharge. However, there is no physical explanation as to why river discharge should consistently predict THg or any other suspended analyte. THg loads calculated by the rating-curve method were compared with those calculated by a \"continuous surrogate concentration\" (CSC) method in which a relation between THg concentration and suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) is constructed; THg loads then can be calculated from the continuous record of SSC and river discharge. The rating-curve and CSC methods, respectively, indicated annual THg loads of 46.4 and 75.1 kg for the Mohawk River, and 52.9 and 33.1 kg for the upper Hudson River. Differences between the results of the two methods are attributed to the inability of the rating-curve method to adequately characterize atypical high flows such as an ice-dam release, or to account for hysteresis, which typically degrades the strength of the relation between stream discharge and concentration of material in suspension. ?? Springer 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11270-005-5146-1","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Wall, G.R., Ingleston, H.H., and Litten, S., 2005, Calculating mercury loading to the tidal Hudson River, New York, using rating curve and surrogate methodologies: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 165, no. 1-4, p. 233-248, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-5146-1.","startPage":"233","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212173,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-5146-1"},{"id":239623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2fde4b0c8380cd4b526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wall, G. R.","contributorId":93652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingleston, H. H.","contributorId":70170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingleston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Litten, S.","contributorId":18976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litten","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}