{"pageNumber":"2618","pageRowStart":"65425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184569,"records":[{"id":70027642,"text":"70027642 - 2005 - Degassing Lakes Nyos and Monoun: Defusing certain disaster","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T10:01:33","indexId":"70027642","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degassing Lakes Nyos and Monoun: Defusing certain disaster","docAbstract":"<p><span>Since the catastrophic releases of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;in the 1980s, Lakes Nyos and Monoun in Cameroon experienced CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;recharge at alarming rates of up to 80 mol/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;per yr. Total gas pressures reached 8.3 and 15.6 bar in Monoun (2003) and Nyos (2001), respectively, resulting in gas saturation levels up to 97%. These natural hazards are distinguished by the potential for mitigation to prevent future disasters. Controlled degassing was initiated at Nyos (2001) and Monoun (2003) amid speculation it could inadvertently destabilize the lakes and trigger another gas burst. Our measurements indicate that water column structure has not been compromised by the degassing and local stability is increasing in the zones of degassing. Furthermore, gas content has been reduced in the lakes ≈12-14%. However, as gas is removed, the pressure at pipe inlets is reduced, and the removal rate will decrease over time. Based on 12 years of limnological measurements we developed a model of future removal rates and gas inventory, which predicts that in Monoun the current pipe will remove ≈30% of the gas remaining before the natural gas recharge balances the removal rate. In Nyos the single pipe will remove ≈25% of the gas remaining by 2015; this slow removal extends the present risk to local populations. More pipes and continued vigilance are required to reduce the risk of repeat disasters. Our model indicates that 75-99% of the gas remaining would be removed by 2010 with two pipes in Monoun and five pipes in Nyos, substantially reducing the risks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0502274102","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Kling, G., Evans, W.C., Tanyileke, G., Kusakabe, M., Ohba, T., Yoshida, Y., and Hell, J., 2005, Degassing Lakes Nyos and Monoun: Defusing certain disaster: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 102, no. 40, p. 14185-14190, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0502274102.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"14185","endPage":"14190","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489832,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1242283","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210908,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0502274102"},{"id":237988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cameroon","otherGeospatial":"Lakes Nyos and Monoun","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              9.79705810546875,\n              5.624185957851092\n            ],\n            [\n              10.90667724609375,\n              5.624185957851092\n            ],\n            [\n              10.90667724609375,\n              6.689159145509243\n            ],\n            [\n              9.79705810546875,\n              6.689159145509243\n            ],\n            [\n              9.79705810546875,\n              5.624185957851092\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe4fe4b0c8380cd4ec6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kling, G.W.","contributorId":22368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kling","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanyileke, G.","contributorId":35882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanyileke","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kusakabe, M.","contributorId":94437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusakabe","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ohba, T.","contributorId":47157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohba","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yoshida, Y.","contributorId":99765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshida","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hell, J.V.","contributorId":73812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hell","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70029536,"text":"70029536 - 2005 - An updated global earthquake catalogue for stable continental regions: Reassessing the correlation with ancient rifts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T13:31:04.952543","indexId":"70029536","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An updated global earthquake catalogue for stable continental regions: Reassessing the correlation with ancient rifts","docAbstract":"<p>We present an updated global earthquake catalogue for stable continental regions (SCRs; i.e. intraplate earthquakes) that is available on the Internet. Our database contains information on location, magnitude, seismic moment and focal mechanisms for over 1300&nbsp;M&nbsp;(moment magnitude) ≥ 4.5 historic and instrumentally recorded crustal events. Using this updated earthquake database in combination with a recently published global catalogue of rifts, we assess the correlation of intraplate seismicity with ancient rifts on a global scale. Each tectonic event is put into one of five categories based on location: (i) interior rifts/taphrogens, (ii) rifted continental margins, (iii) non-rifted crust, (iv) possible interior rifts and (v) possible rifted margins. We find that approximately 27 per cent of all events are classified as interior rifts (i), 25 per cent are rifted continental margins (ii), 36 per cent are within non-rifted crust (iii) and 12 per cent (iv and v) remain uncertain. Thus, over half (52 per cent) of all events are associated with rifted crust, although within the continental interiors (i.e. away from continental margins), non-rifted crust has experienced more earthquakes than interior rifts. No major change in distribution is found if only large (M&nbsp;≥ 6.0) earthquakes are considered. The largest events (M&nbsp;≥ 7.0) however, have occurred predominantly within rifts (50 per cent) and continental margins (43 per cent). Intraplate seismicity is not distributed evenly. Instead several zones of concentrated seismicity seem to exist. This is especially true for interior rifts/taphrogens, where a total of only 12 regions are responsible for 74 per cent of all events and as much as 98 per cent of all seismic moment released in that category. Of the four rifts/taphrogens that have experienced the largest earthquakes, seismicity within the Kutch rift, India, and the East China rift system, may be controlled by diffuse plate boundary deformation more than by the presence of the ancient rifts themselves. The St. Lawrence depression, Canada, besides being an ancient rift, is also the site of a major collisional suture. Thus only at the Reelfoot rift (New Madrid seismic zone, NMSZ, USA), is the presence of features associated with rifting itself the sole candidate for causing seismicity. Our results suggest that on a global scale, the correlation of seismicity within SCRs and ancient rifts has been overestimated in the past. Because the majority of models used to explain intraplate seismicity have focused on seismicity within rifts, we conclude that a shift in attention more towards non-rifted as well as rifted crust is in order.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02554.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Schulte, S., and Mooney, W.D., 2005, An updated global earthquake catalogue for stable continental regions: Reassessing the correlation with ancient rifts: Geophysical Journal International, v. 161, no. 3, p. 707-721, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02554.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"721","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2005.02554.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"161","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eab5e4b0c8380cd48a1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulte, S.M.","contributorId":22568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029438,"text":"70029438 - 2005 - Surface water acidification responses and critical loads of sulfur and nitrogen deposition in Loch Vale watershed, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:51:41","indexId":"70029438","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface water acidification responses and critical loads of sulfur and nitrogen deposition in Loch Vale watershed, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>We evaluated the sensitivity of The Loch, a subalpine lake in Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado, to acidification in response to increased atmospheric loading of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) using the Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments (MAGIC). Lake water acid‐base chemistry was moderately sensitive to changes in both S and N deposition. However, the loads of S deposition that would drive chronic lake water acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) to below 0 or 20 μeq L</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>were estimated to be 11 and 8 kg S ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, respectively, assuming constant future N deposition at current levels. Comparable loads for N deposition, assuming constant future S deposition, were estimated to be 21 and 12 kg N ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, respectively. Modeling results for Andrews Creek, an alpine tributary to The Loch, suggested critical loads for surface water acidification that averaged about one third lower. Surface water ANC = 50 μeq L</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was projected to occur in 50 years in The Loch if S or N deposition increased by a moderate amount (&lt;40%) but could not be achieved in Andrews Creek by reducing either S or N deposition to zero. On the basis of the results of synoptic surveys of lake water chemistry, about one fifth of the wilderness lakes in the Colorado Front Range are more acid‐sensitive than The Loch. This modeling exercise suggests the need for a regional analysis of critical loads for the larger population of acid‐sensitive aquatic resources in order to provide part of the scientific foundation for federally mandated land management decisions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003414","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, T., Cosby, B., Tonnessen, K., and Clow, D.W., 2005, Surface water acidification responses and critical loads of sulfur and nitrogen deposition in Loch Vale watershed, Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 1, Article W01021; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003414.","productDescription":"Article W01021; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477813,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003414","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fc4e4b08c986b31e7fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, T.J.","contributorId":83734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cosby, B.J.","contributorId":96455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosby","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tonnessen, K.A.","contributorId":30196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnessen","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clow, D. W.","contributorId":23531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029480,"text":"70029480 - 2005 - Solute transport and storage mechanisms in wetlands of the Everglades, south Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:52:48","indexId":"70029480","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute transport and storage mechanisms in wetlands of the Everglades, south Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>Solute transport and storage processes in wetlands play an important role in biogeochemical cycling and in wetland water quality functions. In the wetlands of the Everglades, there are few data or guidelines to characterize transport through the heterogeneous flow environment. Our goal was to conduct a tracer study to help quantify solute exchange between the relatively fast flowing water in the open part of the water column and much more slowly moving water in thick floating vegetation and in the pore water of the underlying peat. We performed a tracer experiment that consisted of a constant‐rate injection of a sodium bromide (NaBr) solution for 22 hours into a 3 m wide, open‐ended flume channel in Everglades National Park. Arrival of the bromide tracer was monitored at an array of surface water and subsurface samplers for 48 hours at a distance of 6.8 m downstream of the injection. A one‐dimensional transport model was used in combination with an optimization code to identify the values of transport parameters that best explained the tracer observations. Parameters included dimensions and mass transfer coefficients describing exchange with both short (hours) and longer (tens of hours) storage zones as well as the average rates of advection and longitudinal dispersion in the open part of the water column (referred to as the “main flow zone”). Comparison with a more detailed set of tracer measurements tested how well the model's storage zones approximated the average characteristics of tracer movement into and out of the layer of thick floating vegetation and the pore water in the underlying peat. The rate at which the relatively fast moving water in the open water column was exchanged with slowly moving water in the layer of floating vegetation and in sediment pore water amounted to 50 and 3% h</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, respectively. Storage processes decreased the depth‐averaged velocity of surface water by 50% relative to the water velocity in the open part of the water column. As a result, flow measurements made with other methods that only work in the open part of the water column (e.g., acoustic Doppler) would have overestimated the true depth‐averaged velocity by a factor of 2. We hypothesize that solute exchange and storage in zones of floating vegetation and peat pore water increase contact time of solutes with biogeochemically active surfaces in this heterogeneous wetland environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003507","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J.W., Saiers, J.E., and Newlin, J.T., 2005, Solute transport and storage mechanisms in wetlands of the Everglades, south Florida: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 5, Article W05009; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003507.","productDescription":"Article W05009; 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477753,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003507","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9254e4b08c986b319e4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saiers, James E.","contributorId":191842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saiers","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newlin, Jessica T.","contributorId":87214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newlin","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029475,"text":"70029475 - 2005 - Movement patterns of rural and suburban white-tailed deer in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70029475","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3669,"text":"Urban Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement patterns of rural and suburban white-tailed deer in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"We used satellite land cover data and the program FRAGSTATS toquantify land cover types and calculate the amount of forest edge available in suburban and rural regions of northeastern and northwestern Massachusetts. Cover categories included forest cover, open canopy vegetation, and non-deer habitat. We calculated all edge segments where forest cover abutted open canopy cover. Our open canopy vegetation category was calculated both with and without low intensity suburban development. We then compared these findings to movement data from 53 (13 males, 40 females) adult radio-marked white-tailed deerOdocoileus virginianusmonitored biweekly and diurnally from January 2001 to January 2003. The range of movements of suburban deer in eastern Massachusetts showed no difference to that of suburban deer in western Massachusetts (P = 0.7). However, the ranges for suburban deer in both eastern and western Massachusetts were 10 times less than those of deer in rural western Massachusetts (P = 0.001).Our findings suggest that landscape configuration, as described by the amount and distribution of edge due to suburban development, which is related to the amount and distribution of resources such as food and cover, affects migratory behavior of white-tailed deer, allowsdeer to have smaller ranges, and contributes to high deer densities.Inclusion of suburban edge in habitat models will increase our understanding of deer-habitat relationships for management of deer in urbanizing environments. ?? 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Urban Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11252-005-3265-5","issn":"10838155","usgsCitation":"Gaughan, C., and DeStefano, S., 2005, Movement patterns of rural and suburban white-tailed deer in Massachusetts: Urban Ecosystems, v. 8, no. 2 SPEC. ISS., p. 191-202, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-005-3265-5.","startPage":"191","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210871,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-005-3265-5"},{"id":237925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f2fe4b0c8380cd70e0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaughan, C.R.","contributorId":60842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaughan","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029530,"text":"70029530 - 2005 - Implications of ground water chemistry and flow patterns for earthquake studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T16:36:37","indexId":"70029530","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of ground water chemistry and flow patterns for earthquake studies","docAbstract":"Ground water can facilitate earthquake development and respond physically and chemically to tectonism. Thus, an understanding of ground water circulation in seismically active regions is important for earthquake prediction. To investigate the roles of ground water in the development and prediction of earthquakes, geological and hydrogeological monitoring was conducted in a seismogenic area in the Yanhuai Basin, China. This study used isotopic and hydrogeochemical methods to characterize ground water samples from six hot springs and two cold springs. The hydrochemical data and associated geological and geophysical data were used to identify possible relations between ground water circulation and seismically active structural features. The data for ??18O, ??D, tritium, and 14C indicate ground water from hot springs is of meteoric origin with subsurface residence times of 50 to 30,320 years. The reservoir temperature and circulation depths of the hot ground water are 57??C to 160??C and 1600 to 5000 m, respectively, as estimated by quartz and chalcedony geothermometers and the geothermal gradient. Various possible origins of noble gases dissolved in the ground water also were evaluated, indicating mantle and deep crust sources consistent with tectonically active segments. A hard intercalated stratum, where small to moderate earthquakes frequently originate, is present between a deep (10 to 20 km), high-electrical conductivity layer and the zone of active ground water circulation. The ground water anomalies are closely related to the structural peculiarity of each monitoring point. These results could have implications for ground water and seismic studies in other seismogenic areas. Copyright ?? 2005 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0037.x","usgsCitation":"Guangcai, W., Zuochen, Z., Min, W., Cravotta, C., and Chenglong, L., 2005, Implications of ground water chemistry and flow patterns for earthquake studies: Ground Water, v. 43, no. 4, p. 478-484, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0037.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"478","endPage":"484","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Yanhuai Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              114.1204833984375,\n              39.33854604847979\n            ],\n            [\n              117.4603271484375,\n              39.33854604847979\n            ],\n            [\n              117.4603271484375,\n              41.43449030894922\n            ],\n            [\n              114.1204833984375,\n              41.43449030894922\n            ],\n            [\n              114.1204833984375,\n              39.33854604847979\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3925e4b0c8380cd61800","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guangcai, W.","contributorId":98101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guangcai","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zuochen, Z.","contributorId":67713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuochen","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Min, W.","contributorId":25517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Min","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chenglong, L.","contributorId":52782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chenglong","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029616,"text":"70029616 - 2005 - Speciation and transport of newly deposited mercury in a boreal forest wetland: A stable mercury isotope approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T07:27:04","indexId":"70029616","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation and transport of newly deposited mercury in a boreal forest wetland: A stable mercury isotope approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>As part of the Mercury Experiment to Assess Atmospheric Loadings in Canada and the United States (METAALICUS) the fate and transport of contemporary mercury (Hg) deposition in a boreal wetland was investigated using an experimentally applied stable mercury isotope. We applied high purity (99.2% ± 0.1)&nbsp;</span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg(II) to a wetland plot to determine if (1) the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg was detectable above the pool of native Hg, (2) the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg migrated vertically and/or horizontally in peat and pore waters, and (3) the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg was converted to methylmercury (MeHg) in situ. The<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg was easily detected by ICP/MS in both solid peat and pore waters. Over 3 months, the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg migrated vertically downward in excess of 15 cm below the water table and traveled several meters horizontally beyond the experimental plot to the lake margin along the dominant vector of groundwater flow. Importantly, at one location, 6% of aqueous<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg was detected as Me</span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg after only 1 day. These results indicate that new inorganic Hg in atmospheric deposition can be readily methylated and transported lakeward by shallow groundwater flow, confirming the important role of wetlands as contributors of Hg to aquatic ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003219","usgsCitation":"Branfireun, B., Krabbenhoft, D., Hintelmann, H., Hunt, R.J., Hurley, J., and Rudd, J., 2005, Speciation and transport of newly deposited mercury in a boreal forest wetland: A stable mercury isotope approach: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 6, W06016; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003219.","productDescription":"W06016; 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477884,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003219","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94eae4b08c986b31acb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Branfireun, B.A.","contributorId":92843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branfireun","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hintelmann, H.","contributorId":64423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hintelmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rudd, J.W.M.","contributorId":45487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudd","given":"J.W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029481,"text":"70029481 - 2005 - Mapping NEHRP VS30 site classes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029481","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping NEHRP VS30 site classes","docAbstract":"Site-amplification potential in a 140-km2 area on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, California, was mapped with data from 210 seismic cone penetration test (SCPT) soundings. NEHRP VS30 values were computed on a 50-m grid by both taking into account the thickness and using mean values of locally measured shear-wave velocities of shallow geologic units. The resulting map of NEHRP VS30 site classes differs from other published maps that (1) do not include unit thickness and (2) are based on regional compilations of velocity. Although much of the area in the new map is now classified as NEHRP Site Class D, the velocities of the geologic deposits within this area are either near the upper or lower VS30 boundary of Class D. If maps of NEHRP site classes are to be based on geologic maps, velocity distributions of geologic units may need to be considered in the definition of VS30 boundaries of NEHRP site classes. ?? 2005, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1895726","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T., Padovani, A., Bennett, M., Noce, T., and Tinsley, J.C., 2005, Mapping NEHRP VS30 site classes: Earthquake Spectra, v. 21, no. 2, p. 353-370, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1895726.","startPage":"353","endPage":"370","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210510,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1895726"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5047e4b0c8380cd6b591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, T.L.","contributorId":35739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Padovani, A.C.","contributorId":53150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Padovani","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, M.J.","contributorId":67504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noce, T.E.","contributorId":54285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noce","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tinsley, J. C. III","contributorId":39777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029612,"text":"70029612 - 2005 - Source mechanism of Vulcanian degassing at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico, determined from waveform inversions of very long period signals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T10:37:26","indexId":"70029612","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source mechanism of Vulcanian degassing at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico, determined from waveform inversions of very long period signals","docAbstract":"<p><span>The source mechanism of very long period (VLP) signals accompanying volcanic degassing bursts at Popocat&eacute;petl is analyzed in the 15&ndash;70 s band by minimizing the residual error between data and synthetics calculated for a point source embedded in a homogeneous medium. The waveforms of two eruptions (23 April and 23 May 2000) representative of mild Vulcanian activity are well reproduced by our inversion, which takes into account volcano topography. The source centroid is positioned 1500 m below the western perimeter of the summit crater, and the modeled source is composed of a shallow dipping crack (sill with easterly dip of 10&deg;) intersecting a steeply dipping crack (northeast striking dike dipping 83&deg; northwest), whose surface extension bisects the vent. Both cracks undergo a similar sequence of inflation, deflation, and reinflation, reflecting a cycle of pressurization, depressurization, and repressurization within a time interval of 3&ndash;5 min. The largest moment release occurs in the sill, showing a maximum volume change of 500&ndash;1000 m</span><span>3</span><span>, pressure drop of 3&ndash;5 MPa, and amplitude of recovered pressure equal to 1.2 times the amplitude of the pressure drop. In contrast, the maximum volume change in the dike is less (200&ndash;300 m</span><span>3</span><span>), with a corresponding pressure drop of 1&ndash;2 MPa and pressure recovery equal to the pressure drop. Accompanying these volumetric sources are single-force components with magnitudes of 10</span><span>8</span><span>&nbsp;N, consistent with melt advection in response to pressure transients. The source time histories of the volumetric components of the source indicate that significant mass movement starts within the sill and triggers a mass movement response in the dike within a few seconds. Such source behavior is consistent with the opening of a pathway for escape of pent-up gases from slow pressurization of the sill driven by magma crystallization. The opening of this pathway and associated rapid evacuation of volcanic gases induces the pressure drop. Pressure recovery in the magma filling the sill is driven by diffusion of gases from the resulting supersaturated melt into bubbles. Assuming a penny-shaped crack at ambient pressure of 40 MPa, the observed pressure and volume variations can be modeled with the following attributes: crack radius (100 m), crack aperture (5 m), bubble number density (10</span><span>10</span><span>&ndash;10</span><span>12</span><span>&nbsp;m</span><span>&minus;3</span><span>), initial bubble radius (10</span><span>&minus;6</span><span>&nbsp;m), final bubble radius (&sim;10</span><span>&minus;5</span><span>&nbsp;m), and net decrease of gas concentration in the melt (0.01 wt %).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003524","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B.A., Dawson, P.B., and Arciniega-Ceballos, A., 2005, Source mechanism of Vulcanian degassing at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico, determined from waveform inversions of very long period signals: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 7, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003524.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477787,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003524","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210799,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003524"},{"id":237825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":" Popocatépetl Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.8494873046875,\n              18.841313810317\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.41278076171875,\n              18.841313810317\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.41278076171875,\n              19.29299799768025\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.8494873046875,\n              19.29299799768025\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.8494873046875,\n              18.841313810317\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b932de4b08c986b31a33f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arciniega-Ceballos, Alejandra","contributorId":57740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arciniega-Ceballos","given":"Alejandra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029509,"text":"70029509 - 2005 - A modified beam-to-earth transformation to measure short-wavelength internal waves with an acoustic Doppler current profiler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T17:37:50","indexId":"70029509","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2186,"text":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A modified beam-to-earth transformation to measure short-wavelength internal waves with an acoustic Doppler current profiler","docAbstract":"The algorithm used to transform velocity signals from beam coordinates to earth coordinates in an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) relies on the assumption that the currents are uniform over the horizontal distance separating the beams. This condition may be violated by (nonlinear) internal waves, which can have wavelengths as small as 100-200 m. In this case, the standard algorithm combines velocities measured at different phases of a wave and produces horizontal velocities that increasingly differ from true velocities with distance from the ADCP. Observations made in Massachusetts Bay show that currents measured with a bottom-mounted upward-looking ADCP during periods when short-wavelength internal waves are present differ significantly from currents measured by point current meters, except very close to the instrument. These periods are flagged with high error velocities by the standard ADCP algorithm. In this paper measurements from the four spatially diverging beams and the backscatter intensity signal are used to calculate the propagation direction and celerity of the internal waves. Once this information is known, a modified beam-to-earth transformation that combines appropriately lagged beam measurements can be used to obtain current estimates in earth coordinates that compare well with pointwise measurements. ?? 2005 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/JTECH1731.1","issn":"07390572","usgsCitation":"Scotti, A., Butman, B., Beardsley, R., Alexander, P.S., and Anderson, S., 2005, A modified beam-to-earth transformation to measure short-wavelength internal waves with an acoustic Doppler current profiler: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, v. 22, no. 5, p. 583-591, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH1731.1.","startPage":"583","endPage":"591","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477876,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech1731.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210847,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JTECH1731.1"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e485e4b0c8380cd466ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scotti, A.","contributorId":67270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scotti","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butman, B.","contributorId":85580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beardsley, R.C.","contributorId":106508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beardsley","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alexander, P. S.","contributorId":88012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, S.","contributorId":45779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029531,"text":"70029531 - 2005 - Diel spawning behavior of chum salmon in the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T15:47:57","indexId":"70029531","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diel spawning behavior of chum salmon in the Columbia River","docAbstract":"<p>We conducted a study during 2003 in a side channel of the Columbia River downstream of Bonneville Dam to describe the diel spawning behavior of wild chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta. We collected observational data on 14 pairs of chum salmon using a dual-frequency identification sonar. Spawners of both genders were observed chasing intruders during nighttime and daytime as nests were constructed. Regardless of diel period, females were engaged in digging to both construct nests and cover eggs, and courting males exhibited the prespawning behavior of tail-crossing. We observed a total of 13 spawning events, of which 9 occurred at night and 4 occurred during the day. Once chum salmon begin nest construction, visual cues are apparently not required for courtship, nest defense, and spawning. To enhance successful spawning, flows from Bonneville Dam during the spawning season were reduced during the day but were sometimes increased at night to pass water and meet power demand (i.e., reverse loading), the assumption being that chum salmon are inactive at night. Our findings show that this assumption was violated. Therefore, reverse loading may disrupt the complex prespawning behavior that occurs both during the day and at night, as well as attract spawners to areas that were dewatered during the day.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T04-150.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., Rondorf, D., and Skalicky, J., 2005, Diel spawning behavior of chum salmon in the Columbia River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 4, p. 892-900, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-150.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"892","endPage":"900","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210651,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T04-150.1"}],"volume":"134","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00c3e4b0c8380cd4f8e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":423121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":423123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skalicky, J.J.","contributorId":59995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalicky","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029508,"text":"70029508 - 2005 - Loss estimates for a Puente Hills blind-thrust earthquake in Los Angeles, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029508","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss estimates for a Puente Hills blind-thrust earthquake in Los Angeles, California","docAbstract":"Based on OpenSHA and HAZUS-MH, we present loss estimates for an earthquake rupture on the recently identified Puente Hills blind-thrust fault beneath Los Angeles. Given a range of possible magnitudes and ground motion models, and presuming a full fault rupture, we estimate the total economic loss to be between $82 and $252 billion. This range is not only considerably higher than a previous estimate of $69 billion, but also implies the event would be the costliest disaster in U.S. history. The analysis has also provided the following predictions: 3,000-18,000 fatalities, 142,000-735,000 displaced households, 42,000-211,000 in need of short-term public shelter, and 30,000-99,000 tons of debris generated. Finally, we show that the choice of ground motion model can be more influential than the earthquake magnitude, and that reducing this epistemic uncertainty (e.g., via model improvement and/or rejection) could reduce the uncertainty of the loss estimates by up to a factor of two. We note that a full Puente Hills fault rupture is a rare event (once every ???3,000 years), and that other seismic sources pose significant risk as well. ?? 2005, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1898332","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., Seligson, H., Gupta, N., Gupta, V., Jordan, T., and Campbell, K., 2005, Loss estimates for a Puente Hills blind-thrust earthquake in Los Angeles, California: Earthquake Spectra, v. 21, no. 2, p. 329-338, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1898332.","startPage":"329","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210846,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1898332"},{"id":237890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49d4e4b0c8380cd68901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, E. H.","contributorId":86915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seligson, H.A.","contributorId":103860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seligson","given":"H.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gupta, N.","contributorId":12252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gupta","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gupta, V.","contributorId":10959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gupta","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, T.H.","contributorId":83320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"T.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campbell, K.W.","contributorId":26309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029660,"text":"70029660 - 2005 - Widespread detection of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide in U.S. streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:46:10.989349","indexId":"70029660","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Widespread detection of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl-<i>m</i>-toluamide in U.S. streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds","title":"Widespread detection of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide in U.S. streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds","docAbstract":"<p>One of the most frequently detected organic chemicals in a nationwide study concerning the effects of wastewater on stream water quality conducted in the year 2000 was the widely used insect repellant <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl-<i>m</i>-toluamide (DEET). It was detected at levels of 0.02 &mu;g/L or greater in 73% of the stream sites sampled, with the selection of sampling sites being biased toward streams thought to be subject to wastewater contamination (i.e., downstream from intense urbanization and livestock production). Although DEET frequently was detected at all sites, the median concentration was low (0.05 &mu;g/L). The highest concentrations of DEET were found in streams from the urban areas (maximum concentration, 1.1 &mu;g/L). The results of the present study suggest that the movement of DEET to streams through wastewater-treatment systems is an important mechanism that might lead to the exposure of aquatic organisms to this chemical.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1897/04-297R.1","usgsCitation":"Sandstrom, M.W., Kolpin, D., Thurman, E., and Zaugg, S., 2005, Widespread detection of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide in U.S. streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 5, p. 1029-1034, https://doi.org/10.1897/04-297R.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1029","endPage":"1034","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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(NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zaugg, S.D.","contributorId":82811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029646,"text":"70029646 - 2005 - How snowpack heterogeneity affects diurnal streamflow timing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:43:33","indexId":"70029646","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How snowpack heterogeneity affects diurnal streamflow timing","docAbstract":"<p><span>Diurnal cycles of streamflow in snow‐fed rivers can be used to infer the average time a water parcel spends in transit from the top of the snowpack to a stream gauge in the river channel. This travel time, which is measured as the difference between the hour of peak snowmelt in the afternoon and the hour of maximum discharge each day, ranges from a few hours to almost a full day later. Travel times increase with longer percolation times through deeper snowpacks, and prior studies of small basins have related the timing of a stream's diurnal peak to the amount of snow stored in a basin. However, in many larger basins the time of peak flow is nearly constant during the first half of the melt season, with little or no variation between years. This apparent self‐organization at larger scales can be reproduced by employing heterogeneous observations of snow depths and melt rates in a model that couples porous medium flow through an evolving snowpack with free surface flow in a channel.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003649","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Lundquist, J., and Dettinger, M.D., 2005, How snowpack heterogeneity affects diurnal streamflow timing: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 5, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003649.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477715,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003649","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213023,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003649"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3258e4b0c8380cd5e731","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundquist, J.D.","contributorId":93243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundquist","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":423617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029507,"text":"70029507 - 2005 - Laboratory studies on the vulnerability of young white sturgeon to predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-05T15:13:47","indexId":"70029507","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory studies on the vulnerability of young white sturgeon to predation","docAbstract":"<p>Despite evidence of annual spawning by white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus in rivers of the northwestern United States and Canada, in some years and locations little or no recruitment of age-0 white sturgeon has been observed. We examined the vulnerability of white sturgeon larvae and juveniles to predation to further understand possible causes of mortality. We were particularly interested in the vulnerability of older larvae and juveniles because at about 25 mm total length (TL) white sturgeon develop sharp dorsal and lateral scutes that may act as a morphological defense. In the laboratory, white sturgeon ranging from newly hatched larvae to about 170-mm TL juveniles were exposed to predatory fishes they might encounter in the natural environment. We found that channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (mean TL = 464 mm) and northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis (mean TL = 472 mm) ate white sturgeon up to mean sizes of 121 and 134 mm TL, respectively. Conversely, similarly sized walleyes Sander vitreus ingested almost no white sturgeon, although juvenile walleyes (mean TL = 184 mm) ate white sturgeon up to 59 mm TL. The smallest predator we tested, prickly sculpins Cottus asper (mean TL = 126 mm), ate white sturgeon up to a mean TL of 50 mm. Our study demonstrated that predation is a likely cause of mortality of age-0 white sturgeon and may be contributing to the year-class failures that have been observed. In addition, the results from this study could be used to reduce the predation risk of artificially propagated white sturgeon released to augment declining populations since fish could be reared to sizes where their vulnerability is low.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M03-220.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Gadomski, D., and Parsley, M., 2005, Laboratory studies on the vulnerability of young white sturgeon to predation: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 25, no. 2, p. 667-674, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-220.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"667","endPage":"674","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486956,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2506784","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210845,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-220.1"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a411ae4b0c8380cd652cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gadomski, D.M.","contributorId":37101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadomski","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029362,"text":"70029362 - 2005 - Late paleozoic base and precious metal deposits, East Tianshan, Xinjiang, China: Characteristics and geodynamic setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T20:33:17","indexId":"70029362","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1582,"text":"Episodes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late paleozoic base and precious metal deposits, East Tianshan, Xinjiang, China: Characteristics and geodynamic setting","docAbstract":"The East Tianshan is a remote Gobi area located in eastern Xinjiang, northwestern China. In the past several years, a number of gold, porphyry copper, and Fe(-Cu) and Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn skarn deposits have been discovered there and are attracting exploration interest. The East Tianshan is located between the Junggar block to the north and early Paleozoic terranes of the Middle Tianshan to the south. It is part of a Hercynian orogen with three distinct E-W-trending tectonic belts: the Devonian-Early Carboniferous Tousuquan-Dananhu island arc on the north and the Carboniferous Aqishan - Yamansu rift basin to the south, which are separated by rocks of the Kanggurtag shear zone. The porphyry deposits, dated at 322 Ma, are related to the late evolutionary stages of a subduction-related oceanic or continental margin arc. In contrast, the skarn, gold, and magmatic Ni-Cu deposits are associated with post-collisional tectonics at ca. 290-270 Ma. These Late Carboniferous - Early Permian deposits are associated with large-scale emplacement and eruption of magmas possibly caused by lithosphere delamination and rifting within the East Tianshan.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Episodes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07053797","usgsCitation":"Mao, J., Goldfarb, R., Wang, Y., Hart, C., Wang, Z., and Yang, J., 2005, Late paleozoic base and precious metal deposits, East Tianshan, Xinjiang, China: Characteristics and geodynamic setting: Episodes, v. 28, no. 1, p. 23-36.","startPage":"23","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265828,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.episodes.co.in/www/backissues/281/23-36.pdf"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a454fe4b0c8380cd671e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mao, J.","contributorId":87513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Y.","contributorId":64213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, C.J.","contributorId":20536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yang, J.","contributorId":60780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029607,"text":"70029607 - 2005 - Role of reservoir engineering in the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029607","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of reservoir engineering in the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"The geology and reservoir-engineering data were integrated in the 2002 U.S. Geological Survey assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA). VVhereas geology defined the analog pools and fields and provided the basic information on sizes and numbers of hypothesized petroleum accumulations, reservoir engineering helped develop necessary equations and correlations, which allowed the determination of reservoir parameters for better quantification of in-place petroleum volumes and recoverable reserves. Seismic- and sequence-stratigraphic study of the NPRA resulted in identification of 24 plays. Depth ranges in these 24 plays, however, were typically greater than depth ranges of analog plays for which there were available data, necessitating the need for establishing correlations. The basic parameters required were pressure, temperature, oil and gas formation volume factors, liquid/gas ratios for the associated and nonassociated gas, and recovery factors. Finally, the re sults of U.S. Geological Survey deposit simulation were used in carrying out an economic evaluation, which has been separately published. Copyright ?? 2005. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/04040504055","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Verma, M., and Bird, K.J., 2005, Role of reservoir engineering in the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 89, no. 8, p. 1091-1111, https://doi.org/10.1306/04040504055.","startPage":"1091","endPage":"1111","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210711,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/04040504055"}],"volume":"89","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae67e4b0c8380cd870bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verma, M.K.","contributorId":90375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verma","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029365,"text":"70029365 - 2005 - Watershed-based survey designs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T09:54:06","indexId":"70029365","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed-based survey designs","docAbstract":"<p><span>Watershed-based sampling design and assessment tools help serve the multiple goals for water quality monitoring required under the Clean Water Act, including assessment of regional conditions to meet Section 305(b), identification of impaired water bodies or watersheds to meet Section 303(d), and development of empirical relationships between causes or sources of impairment and biological responses. Creation of GIS databases for hydrography, hydrologically corrected digital elevation models, and hydrologic derivatives such as watershed boundaries and upstream–downstream topology of subcatchments would provide a consistent seamless nationwide framework for these designs. The elements of a watershed-based sample framework can be represented either as a continuous infinite set defined by points along a linear stream network, or as a discrete set of watershed polygons. Watershed-based designs can be developed with existing probabilistic survey methods, including the use of unequal probability weighting, stratification, and two-stage frames for sampling. Case studies for monitoring of Atlantic Coastal Plain streams, West Virginia wadeable streams, and coastal Oregon streams illustrate three different approaches for selecting sites for watershed-based survey designs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-005-4774-7","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Detenbeck, N., Cincotta, D., Denver, J.M., Greenlee, S., Olsen, A., and Pitchford, A., 2005, Watershed-based survey designs: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 103, no. 1, p. 59-81, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-4774-7.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210839,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-4774-7"},{"id":237881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf87e4b08c986b32e95a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Detenbeck, N.E.","contributorId":7073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detenbeck","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cincotta, D.","contributorId":48753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cincotta","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denver, J. M.","contributorId":100356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenlee, S.K.","contributorId":38353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenlee","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olsen, A.R.","contributorId":98089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pitchford, A.M.","contributorId":75593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitchford","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029603,"text":"70029603 - 2005 - Spatial and temporal use of a spawning site in the middle green river by wild and hatchery-reared razorback suckers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029603","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal use of a spawning site in the middle green river by wild and hatchery-reared razorback suckers","docAbstract":"The population of endangered razorback suckers Xyrauchen texanus in the middle Green River (upper Colorado River basin) has declined during the last 40 years. The apparent cause for this decline is a lack of successful recruitment. This study used radiotelemetry to evaluate the ability of hatchery-reared razorback suckers to locate spawning areas where wild fish congregate during the ascending hydrographic limb of the snowmelt runoff. Hatchery-reared razorback suckers appeared to show similar reproductive behavior to wild fish. Both wild and hatchery-reared fish were found near the middle Green River spawning area between 1 and 25 May 2000. Hatchery fish occupied the same areas on the spawning site as wild fish, and remained on the spawning site during both nocturnal and diurnal hours. Males were more abundant on the spawning area than females, but the few females captured tended to stage away from the primary spawning area. The results from this study suggest hatchery-reared fish are capable of responding to natural cues that prompt spawning aggregations and are successful in locating existing spawning aggregations of wild fish. Given attention to stocking criteria, including genetic diversity and the size and time of stocking, the challenges of recovering razorback suckers will center on those factors that led to the population declines, particularly the survival of early life stages in off-channel habitats. ?? American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T04-097.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Modde, T., Bowen, Z., and Kitcheyan, D., 2005, Spatial and temporal use of a spawning site in the middle green river by wild and hatchery-reared razorback suckers: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 4, p. 937-944, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-097.1.","startPage":"937","endPage":"944","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210686,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T04-097.1"},{"id":237681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b944ce4b08c986b31a9b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Modde, T.","contributorId":98243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modde","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Z.H.","contributorId":81045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Z.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitcheyan, D.C.","contributorId":85390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitcheyan","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029366,"text":"70029366 - 2005 - A new synziphosurine (Chelicerata: Xiphosura) from the Late Llandovery (Silurian) Waukesha Lagerstatte, Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T16:02:17.12566","indexId":"70029366","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new synziphosurine (Chelicerata: Xiphosura) from the Late Llandovery (Silurian) Waukesha Lagerstatte, Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>A new synziphosurine (Chelicerata:Xiphosura) is described from the Late Llandovery (Silurian) Konservat-Lagerstätte of Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA.&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Venustulus waukeshaensis</span></i><span><i>&nbsp;</i>n.gen. and sp. is characterized by a semicircular carapace with a slightly procurved posterior margin lacking genal spines and an opisthosoma composed of 10 freely articulating segments, divided into a preabdomen of seven segments with blunt pleurae and a postabdomen of three segments lacking pleurae. The tail spine is short and styliform. This is the earliest known unequivocal synziphosurine, extending their fossil record from the Wenlock to the Llandovery, and only the second species to be described with prosomal appendages; the presence of six pairs (a pair of chelicerae and five pairs of walking legs) contrasts with the seven in the synziphosurine&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Weinbergina opitzi</span></i><span>, but is comparable to the number in modern horseshoe crabs.&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">V. waukeshaensis</span></i><span>&nbsp;n. gen. and sp. is not assigned to a family here pending a wider revision, but it bears most resemblance to the Weinberginidae.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists","doi":"10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079%3C0242:ANSCXF%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.A., Briggs, D.E., Braddy, S.J., Anderson, L.I., Mikulic, D.G., and Kluessendorf, J., 2005, A new synziphosurine (Chelicerata: Xiphosura) from the Late Llandovery (Silurian) Waukesha Lagerstatte, Wisconsin, USA: Journal of Paleontology, v. 79, no. 2, p. 242-250, https://doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079%3C0242:ANSCXF%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.4124755859375,\n              42.93229601903058\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.0059814453125,\n              42.93229601903058\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.0059814453125,\n              43.167125915000284\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.4124755859375,\n              43.167125915000284\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.4124755859375,\n              42.93229601903058\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4b8e4b0c8380cd4688a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, R. A.","contributorId":89713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, D. E. G.","contributorId":11758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Briggs","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braddy, S. J.","contributorId":61631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braddy","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, L. I.","contributorId":46300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mikulic, Donald G.","contributorId":61159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikulic","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kluessendorf, Joanne","contributorId":41965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluessendorf","given":"Joanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029600,"text":"70029600 - 2005 - Using cosmogenic nuclides to contrast rates of erosion and sediment yield in a semi-arid, arroyo-dominated landscape, Rio Puerco Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029600","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using cosmogenic nuclides to contrast rates of erosion and sediment yield in a semi-arid, arroyo-dominated landscape, Rio Puerco Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Analysis of in-situ-produced 10Be and 26Al in 52 fluvial sediment samples shows that millennial-scale rates of erosion vary widely (7 to 366 m Ma-1) through the lithologically and topographically complex Rio Puerco Basin of northern New Mexico. Using isotopic analysis of both headwater and downstream samples, we determined that the semi-arid, Rio Puerco Basin is eroding, on average, about 100 m Ma-1. This rapid rate of erosion is consistent with estimates made using other techniques and is likely to result from a combination of easily eroded lithologies, sparse vegetation, and monsoon-dominated rainfall. Data from 331 stream water samples collected by the US Geological Survey between 1960 and 1995 are consistent with basin-wide, average chemical denudation rates of only about 1??4 m Ma-1; thus, the erosion rates we calculate may be considered rates of sediment generation because physical weathering accounts for almost 99 per cent of mass loss. The isotopic data reveal that sediment is generally well mixed downstream with the area-weighted average sediment generation rate for 16 headwater samples (234 ton km-2 a-1 for basin area 170 to 1169 km2) matching well that estimated from a single sample collected far downstream (238 ton km-2 a-1, basin area = 14 225 km2). A series of 15 samples, collected from an arroyo wall and representing deposition through the late Holocene, indicates that 10Be concentration in sediment delivered by the fluvial system has not changed appreciably over the last 1200 years despite at least two cycles of arroyo cutting and filling. Other samples (n = 21) were collected along the drainage network. Rio Puerco erosion rates scale directly with a variety of metrics describing vegetation, precipitation, and rock erodibility. Using the headwater basins for calibration, the erosion rates for both the downstream samples and also the data set as a whole, are best modelled by considering a combination of relief and vegetation metrics, both of which co-vary with precipitation and erodibility as inferred from lithology. On average, contemporary sediment yields, determined by monitoring suspended-sediment discharge, exceed cosmogenically determined millennial-scale erosion rates by nearly a factor of two. This discrepancy, between short-term rates of sediment yield and long-term rates of erosion, suggests that more sediment is currently being exported from the basin than is being produced. Because the failure of incised channel walls and the head cutting of arroyo complexes appear to be the main sources of channel sediment today, this incongruence between rates of sediment supply and sediment yield is likely to be transitory, reflecting the current states of the arroyo cycle and perhaps the influence of current or past land-use patterns. Copyright ?? 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1255","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Bierman, P., Reuter, J., Pavich, M., Gellis, A., Caffee, M., and Larsen, J., 2005, Using cosmogenic nuclides to contrast rates of erosion and sediment yield in a semi-arid, arroyo-dominated landscape, Rio Puerco Basin, New Mexico: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 30, no. 8, p. 935-953, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1255.","startPage":"935","endPage":"953","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210653,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1255"},{"id":237643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc041e4b08c986b32a003","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bierman, P.R.","contributorId":49145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bierman","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reuter, J.M.","contributorId":91680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuter","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavich, M.","contributorId":58399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gellis, A. C.","contributorId":99590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caffee, M.W.","contributorId":86127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffee","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larsen, J.","contributorId":74544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029368,"text":"70029368 - 2005 - Origin of secondary sulfate minerals on active andesitic stratovolcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029368","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of secondary sulfate minerals on active andesitic stratovolcanoes","docAbstract":"Sulfate minerals in altered rocks on the upper flanks and summits of active andesitic stratovolcanoes result from multiple processes. The origin of these sulfates at five active volcanoes, Citlalte??petl (Mexico), and Mount Adams, Hood, Rainier, and Shasta (Cascade Range, USA), was investigated using field observations, petrography, mineralogy, chemical modeling, and stable-isotope data. The four general groups of sulfate minerals identified are: (1) alunite group, (2) jarosite group, (3) readily soluble Fe- and Al-hydroxysulfates, and (4) simple alkaline-earth sulfates such as anhydrite, gypsum, and barite. Generalized assemblages of spatially associated secondary minerals were recognized: (1) alunite+silica??pyrite??kaolinite?? gypsum??sulfur, (2) jarosite+alunite+silica; (3) jarosite+smectite+silica??pyrite, (4) Fe- and Al-hydroxysulfates+silica, and (5) simple sulfates+silica??Al-hydroxysulfates??alunite. Isotopic data verify that all sulfate and sulfide minerals and their associated alteration assemblages result largely from the introduction of sulfur-bearing magmatic gases into meteoric water in the upper levels of the volcanoes. The sulfur and oxygen isotopic data for all minerals indicate the general mixing of aqueous sulfate derived from deep (largely disproportionation of SO2 in magmatic vapor) and shallow (oxidation of pyrite or H2S) sources. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic data of alunite indicate the mixing of magmatic and meteoric fluids. Some alunite-group minerals, along with kaolinite, formed from sulfuric acid created by the disproportionation of SO2 in a condensing magmatic vapor. Such alunite, observed only in those volcanoes whose interiors are exposed by erosion or edifice collapse, may have ??34S values that reflect equilibrium (350??50 ??C) between aqueous sulfate and H2S. Alunite with ??34S values indicating disequilibrium between parent aqueous sulfate and H2S may form from aqueous sulfate created in higher level low-temperature environments in which SO2 is scrubbed out by groundwater or where H2S is oxidized. Jarosite-group minerals associated with smectite in only slightly altered volcanic rock are formed largely from aqueous sulfate derived from supergene oxidation of hydrothermal pyrite above the water table. Soluble Al- and Fehydroxysulfates form in low-pH surface environments, especially around fumaroles, and from the oxidation of hydrothermal pyrite. Anhydrite/gypsum, often associated with native sulfur and occasionally with small amounts of barite, also commonly form around fumaroles. Some occurrences of anhydrite/gypsum may be secondary, derived from the dissolution and reprecipitation of soluble sulfate. Edifice collapse may also reveal deep veins of anhydrite/gypsum??barite that formed from the mixing of saline fluids with magmatic sulfate and dilute meteoric water. Alteration along structures associated with both hydrothermal and supergene sulfates, as well as the position of paleo-water tables, may be important factors in edifice collapse and resulting debris flows at some volcanoes. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.056","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Zimbelman, D.R., Rye, R.O., and Breit, G.N., 2005, Origin of secondary sulfate minerals on active andesitic stratovolcanoes: Chemical Geology, v. 215, no. 1-4 SPEC. ISS., p. 37-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.056.","startPage":"37","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210453,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.056"},{"id":237374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"215","issue":"1-4 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70f2e4b0c8380cd76362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimbelman, D. R.","contributorId":43768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breit, G. N.","contributorId":94664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029599,"text":"70029599 - 2005 - Species frequency dynamics in an old-field succession: Effects of disturbance, fertilization and scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-25T16:41:48.897028","indexId":"70029599","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species frequency dynamics in an old-field succession: Effects of disturbance, fertilization and scale","docAbstract":"<h3 id=\"abs1-2-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Question:</h3><p>Can patterns of species frequency in an old-field be explained within the context of a metapopulation model? Are the patterns observed related to time, spatial scale, disturbance, and nutrient availability?</p><h3 id=\"abs1-3-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Location:</h3><p>Upland and lowland old-fields in Illinois, USA.</p><h3 id=\"abs1-4-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Method:</h3><p>Species richness was recorded annually for seven years following plowing of an upland and lowland old-field subject to crossed fertilizer and disturbance treatments (mowing and rototilling). Species occupancy distributions were assessed with respect to the numbers of core and satellite species.</p><h3 id=\"abs1-5-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Results:</h3><p>In both fields, species richness became higher in disturbed plots than in undisturbed plots over time, and decreased in fertilized plots irrespective of time. A bimodal pattern of species richness consistent with the Core-satellite species (CSS) hypothesis occurred in the initial seed bank and through the course of early succession. The identity of native and exotic core species (those present in &gt; 90% of blocks) changed with time. Some core species from the seed bank became core species in the vegetation, albeit after several years. At the scale of individual plots, a bimodal fit consistent with the CSS hypothesis applied only in year 1 and rarely thereafter.</p><h3 id=\"abs1-6-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Conclusions:</h3><p>The CSS hypothesis provides a metapopulation perspective for understanding patterns of species richness but requires the assessment of spatial and temporal scaling effects. Regional processes (e.g. propagule availability) at the largest scale have the greatest impact influencing community structure during early secondary succession. Local processes (e.g., disturbance and soil nutrients) are more important at smaller scales and place constraints on species establishment and community structure of both native and exotic species. Under the highest intensity of disturbance, exotic species may be able to use resources unavailable to, or unused by, native species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02381.x","usgsCitation":"Gibson, D.J., Middleton, B.A., Foster, K., Honu, Y.A., Hoyer, E.W., and Mathis, M., 2005, Species frequency dynamics in an old-field succession: Effects of disturbance, fertilization and scale: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 16, no. 4, p. 415-422, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02381.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"422","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94fbe4b08c986b31ace8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, David J.","contributorId":140174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13212,"text":"Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":423407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, K.","contributorId":24556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Honu, Y. A. K.","contributorId":36734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Honu","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"A. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoyer, E. W.","contributorId":34713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoyer","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mathis, M.","contributorId":53590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathis","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029374,"text":"70029374 - 2005 - Relative abundance, age, growth, and fecundity of grubby Myoxocephalus aenaeus in Niantic River and Niantic Bay, Long Island Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029374","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2449,"text":"Journal of Sea Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative abundance, age, growth, and fecundity of grubby Myoxocephalus aenaeus in Niantic River and Niantic Bay, Long Island Sound","docAbstract":"Grubby (Myoxocephalus aenaeus, Cottidae) is a common benthic fish of inshore waters and estuaries of eastern Long Island Sound; however, little information exists on their life history or population demographics. This study utilised a long-term data series (1976-2002) to assess grubby life history and population demographics and explores trends in the Niantic River and Niantic Bay populations. In addition, we examined the age, size, and fecundity of adult grubby in 2001-02 to determine the population characteristics in the region. Mean grubby catch per unit effort (CPUE) in Niantic Bay ranged from 0.4 per trawl in 1976 to 2.9 per trawl in 1984 while river CPUE ranged from 0.4 per trawl in 1977 to 7.6 per trawl in 1989. Catch of grubby in bottom trawls varied seasonally with highest CPUE occurring in winter. Highest entrainment of grubby larvae occurred in 2001 while the lowest entrainment observed was in 1991. Four age classes, 0+ through III+, were derived from otolith analysis (N = 51) although length frequency analysis suggested the possibility of older fish in the population. The total number of eggs in ovaries ranged from 286 to 16 451 for grubby (N = 64) between 52 mm and 155 mm TL. Results of this study indicated a decline in abundance of adult grubby over the 26-year period, possibly related to concurrent declines in eelgrass (Zostera marina) abundance and/or increased water temperature. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sea Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2005.02.002","issn":"13851101","usgsCitation":"Roseman, E., Tomichek, C., Maynard, T., and Burton, J., 2005, Relative abundance, age, growth, and fecundity of grubby Myoxocephalus aenaeus in Niantic River and Niantic Bay, Long Island Sound: Journal of Sea Research, v. 53, no. 4, p. 309-318, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2005.02.002.","startPage":"309","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210508,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2005.02.002"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa670e4b0c8380cd84e5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roseman, E.F. 0000-0002-5315-9838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-9838","contributorId":76531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"E.F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomichek, C.A.","contributorId":90926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomichek","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maynard, T.","contributorId":105904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maynard","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burton, J.A.","contributorId":41205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029596,"text":"70029596 - 2005 - Ecology and shell chemistry of Loxoconcha matagordensis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029596","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology and shell chemistry of Loxoconcha matagordensis","docAbstract":"Studies of the seasonal ecology and shell chemistry of the ostracode Loxoconcha matagordensis and related species of Loxoconcha from regions off eastern North America reveal that shell size and trace elemental (Mg/Ca ratio) composition are useful in paleothermometry using fossil populations. Seasonal sampling of populations from Chesapeake Bay, augmented by samples from Florida Bay, indicate that shell size is inversely proportional to water temperature and that Mg/Ca ratios are positively correlated with the water temperature in which the adult carapace was secreted. Microprobe analyses of sectioned valves reveal intra-shell variability in Mg/Ca ratios but this does not strongly influence the utility of whole shell Mg/Ca analyses for paleoclimate application.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.05.022","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Kamiya, T., Dwyer, G.S., Belkin, H., Vann, C., Schwede, S., and Wagner, R., 2005, Ecology and shell chemistry of Loxoconcha matagordensis: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 225, no. 1-4, p. 14-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.05.022.","startPage":"14","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488069,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6579","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210572,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.05.022"}],"volume":"225","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a056be4b0c8380cd50dc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":423393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kamiya, T.","contributorId":19302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamiya","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, G. S.","contributorId":39951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belkin, H. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":105870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vann, C.D.","contributorId":51951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vann","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwede, S.","contributorId":9825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwede","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wagner, R.","contributorId":88859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
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