{"pageNumber":"262","pageRowStart":"6525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11003,"records":[{"id":1001779,"text":"1001779 - 2001 - Simulating the impact of human land use change on forest composition in the Great Plains agroecosystems with the Seedscape model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T18:00:40.648716","indexId":"1001779","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Simulating the impact of human land use change on forest composition in the Great Plains agroecosystems with the Seedscape model","title":"Simulating the impact of human land use change on forest composition in the Great Plains agroecosystems with the Seedscape model","docAbstract":"

The expansion and contraction of marginal cropland in the Great Plains often involves small forested strips of land that provide important ecological benefits. The effect of human disturbance on these forests is not well known. Because of their unique structure such forests are not well-represented by forest gap models. In this paper, the development, testing and application of a new model known as Seedscape are described. Seedscape is a modification of the JABOWA-II model, and it uses a spatially-explicit landscape to resolve small-scale features of highly fragmented forests in the eastern Great Plains. It was tested and evaluated with observations from two sites, one in Nebraska and a second in eastern Iowa. Seedscape realistically simulates succession at the Nebraska site, but is less successful at the Iowa site. Seedscape was also applied to the Nebraska site to simulate the effect that varying forest corridor widths, in response to the presumed expansion/contraction of adjacent agricultural land, has on succession properties. Results suggest that small differences in widths have negligible effects on forest composition, but large differences in widths may cause statistically-significant changes in the relative importance of some species. We assert that long-term ecological change in human dominated landscapes is not well understood, in part, because of inadequate modeling techniques. Seedscape provides a much-needed tool for assessing the ecological implications of land use change in forests of predominately agricultural landscapes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00263-0","usgsCitation":"Easterling, W., Brandle, J., Hays, C., Guo, Q., and Guertin, D., 2001, Simulating the impact of human land use change on forest composition in the Great Plains agroecosystems with the Seedscape model: Ecological Modelling, v. 104, no. 1-2, p. 163-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00263-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"176","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Nebraska","county":"Muscatine County, Saunders County","otherGeospatial":"Cedar River, Great Plains, Red Cedar Wildlife Area, University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n 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C.J.","contributorId":13590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guertin, D.S.","contributorId":16379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1003698,"text":"1003698 - 2001 - West Nile virus transmission and ecology in birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T14:10:57.470191","indexId":"1003698","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":801,"text":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"West Nile virus transmission and ecology in birds","docAbstract":"

The ecology of the strain of West Nile virus (WNV) introduced into the United States in 1999 has similarities to the native flavivirus, St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus, but has unique features not observed with SLE virus or with WNV in the old world. The primary route of transmission for most of the arboviruses in North America is by mosquito, and infected native birds usually do not suffer morbidity or mortality. An exception to this pattern is eastern equine encephalitis virus, which has an alternate direct route of transmission among nonnative birds, and some mortality of native bird species occurs. The strain of WNV circulating in the northeastern United States is unique in that it causes significant mortality in exotic and native bird species, especially in the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos). Because of the lack of information on the susceptibility and pathogenesis of WNV for this species, experimental studies were conducted at the USGS National Wildlife Health Center. In two separate studies, crows were inoculated with a 1999 New York strain of WNV, and all experimentally infected crows died. In one of the studies, control crows in regular contact with experimentally inoculated crows in the same room but not inoculated with WNV succumbed to infection. The direct transmission between crows was most likely by the oral route. Inoculated crows were viremic before death, and high titers of virus were isolated from a variety of tissues. The significance of the experimental direct transmission among captive crows is unknown.

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Several species of anuran amphibians have undergone drastic population declines in the western United States over the last 10 to 15 years. In California, the most severe declines are in the Sierra Mountains east of the Central Valley and downwind of the intensely agricultural San Joaquin Valley. In contrast, coastal and more northern populations across from the less agrarian Sacramento Valley are stable or declining less precipitously. In this article, we provide evidence that pesticides are instrumental in declines of these species. Using Hyla regilla as a sentinel species, we found that cholinesterase (ChE) activity in tadpoles was depressed in mountainous areas east of the Central Valley compared with sites along the coast or north of the Valley. Cholinesterase was also lower in areas where ranid population status was poor or moderate compared with areas with good ranid status. Up to 50% of the sampled population in areas with reduced ChE had detectable organophosphorus residues, with concentrations as high as 190 ppb wet weight. In addition, up to 86% of some populations had measurable endosulfan concentrations and 40% had detectable 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, 4,4′-DDT, and 2,4′-DDT residues.

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Perkinsus marinus, the cause of serious losses of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, secretes extracellular proteins (ECP) in culture (in vitro) including serine proteases. The production of similar ECP in the eastern oyster (in vivo) and their role in pathogenicity, however, remain to be elucidated. The induction and dissemination of these proteins within infected eastern oysters could be critical to understanding the pathologic mechanisms employed as well as to providing the means for rapid and specific diagnosis. To quantify and examine the production of these proteins in the host, polyclonal antibodies were produced against ECP produced during the in vitro culture of P. marinus. By the use of a Western blot technique, these antibodies were shown to recognize a 62-kDa protein antigen expressed in lightly infected oysters, whereas three antigens (62, 38, and 28 kDa) were recognized in heavily infected oysters. Additionally, there was an antigen that is expressed in vitro (40 kDa) that was not detected in vivo and two that were detected in vivo (120 and 32 kDa) but not in vitro. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing these antibodies indicated that the concentration of secreted antigens is significantly related (P < 0.05) to the number of cells of P. marinus in infected eastern oyster tissues, as determined by the standard Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM) assay. Significant differences (P < 0.025) between the ELISA and RFTM assays were only observed when oysters possessed less than one hypnospore per gram of tissue. Thus this ELISA proved to be an excellent diagnostic tool, generating values that correlated with the number of protozoal cells present within infected tissues.

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A. 0000-0003-2551-1985","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":8796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, T.D.","contributorId":85543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, D.A.","contributorId":100799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Faisal, M.","contributorId":19116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faisal","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaattari, S.L.","contributorId":52116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaattari","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023793,"text":"70023793 - 2001 - Apatite fission-track evidence of widespread Eocene heating and exhumation in the Yukon-Tanana Upland, interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T13:30:55","indexId":"70023793","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apatite fission-track evidence of widespread Eocene heating and exhumation in the Yukon-Tanana Upland, interior Alaska","docAbstract":"

We present an apatite fission-track (AFT) study of five plutonic rocks and seven metamorphic rocks across 310 km of the Yukon–Tanana Upland in east-central Alaska. Samples yielding ~40 Ma AFT ages and mean confined track lengths > 14 µm with low standard deviations cooled rapidly from >120°C to <50°C during a 3–5 Ma period, beginning at about 40 Ma. Data from samples yielding AFT ages >40 Ma suggest partial annealing and, therefore, lower maximum temperatures (~90–105°C). A few samples with single-grain ages of ~20 Ma apparently remained above ~50°C after initial cooling. Although the present geothermal gradient in the western Yukon–Tanana Upland is ~32°C/km, it could have been as high as 45°C/km during a widespread Eocene intraplate magmatic episode. Prior to rapid exhumation, samples with ~40 Ma AFT ages were >3.8–2.7 km deep and samples with >50 Ma AFT ages were >3.3–2.0 km deep. We calculate a 440–320 m/Ma minimum rate for exhumation of all samples during rapid cooling. Our AFT data, and data from rocks north of Fairbanks and from the Eielson deep test hole, indicate up to 3 km of post-40 Ma vertical displacement along known and inferred northeast-trending high-angle faults. The predominance of 40–50 Ma AFT ages throughout the Yukon–Tanana Upland indicates that, prior to the post-40 Ma relative uplift along some northeast-trending faults, rapid regional cooling and exhumation closely followed the Eocene extensional magmatism. We propose that Eocene magmatism and exhumation were somehow related to plate movements that produced regional-scale oroclinal rotation, northward translation of outboard terranes, major dextral strike-slip faulting, and subduction of an oceanic spreading ridge along the southern margin of Alaska.

","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjes-38-8-1191","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Dusel-Bacon, C., and Murphy, J., 2001, Apatite fission-track evidence of widespread Eocene heating and exhumation in the Yukon-Tanana Upland, interior Alaska: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 38, no. 8, p. 1191-1204, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-38-8-1191.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1191","endPage":"1204","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Tanana Upland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.248046875,\n 60.88770004207789\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 60.88770004207789\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 66.93006025862448\n ],\n [\n -154.248046875,\n 66.93006025862448\n ],\n [\n -154.248046875,\n 60.88770004207789\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec70e4b0c8380cd4928a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023259,"text":"70023259 - 2001 - Upper crustal structure in Puget Lowland, Washington: Results from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:07:56.17879","indexId":"70023259","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper crustal structure in Puget Lowland, Washington: Results from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound","docAbstract":"

A new three-dimensional (3-D) model shows seismic velocities beneath the Puget Lowland to a depth of 11 km. The model is based on a tomographic inversion of nearly one million first-arrival travel times recorded during the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound (SHIPS), allowing higher-resolution mapping of subsurface structures than previously possible. The model allows us to refine the subsurface geometry of previously proposed faults (e.g., Seattle, Hood Canal, southern Whidbey Island, and Devils Mountain fault zones) as well as to identify structures (Tacoma, Lofall, and Sequim fault zones) that warrant additional study. The largest and most important of these newly identified structures lies along the northern boundary of the Tacoma basin; we informally refer to this structure here as the Tacoma fault zone. Although tomography cannot provide information on the recency of motion on any structure, Holocene earthquake activity on the Tacoma fault zone is suggested by seismicity along it and paleoseismic evidence for abrupt uplift of tidal marsh deposits to its north. The tomography reveals four large, west to northwest trending low-velocity basins (Tacoma, Seattle, Everett, and Port Townsend) separated by regions of higher velocity ridges that are coincident with fault-bounded uplifts of Eocene Crescent Formation basalt and pre-Tertiary basement. The shapes of the basins and uplifts are similar to those observed in gravity data; gravity anomalies calculated from the 3-D tomography model are in close agreement with the observed anomalies. In velocity cross sections the Tacoma and Seattle basins are asymmetric: the basin floor dips gently toward a steep boundary with the adjacent high-velocity uplift, locally with a velocity \"overhang\" that suggests a basin vergent thrust fault boundary. Crustal fault zones grow from minor folds into much larger structures along strike. Inferred structural relief across the Tacoma fault zone increases by several kilometers westward along the fault zone to Lynch Cove, where we interpret it as a zone of south vergent faulting overthrusting Tacoma basin. In contrast, structural relief along the Seattle fault zone decreases west of Seattle, which we interpret as evidence that the N-S directed compression is being accommodated by slip transfer between the Seattle and Tacoma fault zones. Together, the Tacoma and Seattle fault zones raise the Seattle uplift, one of a series of east-west trending, pop-up structures underlying Puget Lowland from the Black Hills to the San Juan Islands.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000154","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., Parsons, T., Blakely, R., Christensen, N., Fisher, M.A., Wells, R., ten Brink, U., Pratt, T.L., Crosson, R.S., Creager, K.C., Symons, N.P., Preston, L., Van Wagoner, T., Miller, K., Snelson, C., Trehu, A., Langenheim, V., Spence, G., Ramachandran, K., Hyndman, R., Mosher, D.C., Zelt, B., and Weaver, C., 2001, Upper crustal structure in Puget Lowland, Washington: Results from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. 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A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pratt, T. 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P.","contributorId":60410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symons","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Preston, L.A.","contributorId":68943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Van Wagoner, T.","contributorId":74261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wagoner","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Miller, K.C.","contributorId":81118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Snelson, C.M.","contributorId":52769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snelson","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Spence, G.D.","contributorId":85750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Ramachandran, K.","contributorId":71735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramachandran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Hyndman, R.A.","contributorId":43645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Mosher, D. C.","contributorId":57689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Zelt, B.C.","contributorId":63572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Weaver, C.S.","contributorId":57874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}} ,{"id":70023305,"text":"70023305 - 2001 - Historical effects of El Nino and La Nina events on the seasonal evolution of the montane snowpack in the Columbia and Colorado River Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T17:07:22","indexId":"70023305","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical effects of El Nino and La Nina events on the seasonal evolution of the montane snowpack in the Columbia and Colorado River Basins","docAbstract":"

Snow‐water equivalent (SWE) data measured at several hundred montane sites in the western United States are used to examine the historic effects of El Nino and La Nina events on seasonal snowpack evolution in the major subbasins in the Columbia and Colorado River systems. Results are used to predict annual runoff. In the Columbia River Basin, there is a general tendency for decreased SWE during El Nino years and increased SWE in La Nina years. However, the SWE anomalies for El Nino years are much less pronounced. This occurs in part because midlatitude circulation anomalies in El Nino years are located 35° east of those in La Nina years. This eastward shift is most evident in midwinter, at which time, SWE anomalies associated with El Nino are actually positive in coastal regions of the Columbia River Basin. In the Colorado River Basin, mean anomalies in SWE and annual runoff during El Nino years depict a transition between drier‐than‐average conditions in the north, and wetter‐than‐average conditions in the southwest. Associations during La Nina years are generally opposite those in El Nino years. SWE anomalies tend to be more pronounced in spring in the Lower Colorado River Basin. Our predictions of runoff reveal modest skill for scenarios using only historic El Nino and La Nina information. Predictions based on the water stored in the seasonal snowpack are, in almost all cases, much higher than those based on El Nino‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) information alone. However, combining observed midwinter snow conditions with information on seasonal snowpack evolution associated with ENSO improves predictions for basins in which ENSO signals exhibit strong seasonality.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900305","usgsCitation":"Clark, M., Serreze, M.C., and McCabe, G., 2001, Historical effects of El Nino and La Nina events on the seasonal evolution of the montane snowpack in the Columbia and Colorado River Basins: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 3, p. 741-757, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900305.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"741","endPage":"757","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a318be4b0c8380cd5dff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Martyn P.","contributorId":21445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Martyn P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Serreze, Mark C.","contributorId":98491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serreze","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022774,"text":"70022774 - 2001 - Influences of watershed, riparian-corridor, and reach-scale characteristics on aquatic biota in agricultural watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T15:21:08.338381","indexId":"70022774","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of watershed, riparian-corridor, and reach-scale characteristics on aquatic biota in agricultural watersheds","docAbstract":"

Multivariate analyses and correlations revealed strong relations between watershed and riparian-corridor land cover, and reach-scale habitat versus fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages in 38 warmwater streams in eastern Wisconsin. Watersheds were dominated by agricultural use, and ranged in size from 9 to 71 km2 Watershed land cover was summarized from satellite-derived data for the area outside a 30-m buffer. Riparian land cover was interpreted from digital orthophotos within 10-, 10-to 20-, and 20-to 30-m buffers. Reach-scale habitat, fish, and macroinvertebrates were collected in 1998 and biotic indices calculated. Correlations between land cover, habitat, and stream-quality indicators revealed significant relations at the watershed, riparian-corridor, and reach scales. At the watershed scale, fish diversity, intolerant fish and EPT species increased, and Hilsenhoff biotic index (HBI) decreased as percent forest increased. At the riparian-corridor scale, EPT species decreased and HBI increased as riparian vegetation became more fragmented. For the reach, EPT species decreased with embeddedness. Multivariate analyses further indicated that riparian (percent agriculture, grassland, urban and forest, and fragmentation of vegetation), watershed (percent forest) and reach-scale characteristics (embeddedness) were the most important variables influencing fish (IBI, density, diversity, number, and percent tolerant and insectivorous species) and macroinvertebrate (HBI and EPT) communities.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03654.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J., Wang, L., Lyons, J., Horwatich, J., and Bannerman, R., 2001, Influences of watershed, riparian-corridor, and reach-scale characteristics on aquatic biota in agricultural watersheds: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 6, p. 1475-1487, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03654.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1475","endPage":"1487","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.79411037018296,\n 42.496596072001864\n ],\n [\n -87.77213771393271,\n 42.58304812737711\n ],\n [\n -87.78861720612075,\n 42.62752287389381\n ],\n [\n -87.70621974518264,\n 42.736553529629816\n ],\n [\n -87.79960353424521,\n 42.861500881038495\n ],\n [\n -87.81608302643323,\n 42.958061008195955\n ],\n [\n -87.87650783112043,\n 43.034397148839076\n ],\n [\n -87.8270693545577,\n 43.06249708484481\n ],\n [\n -87.87650783112043,\n 43.13469494838111\n ],\n [\n -87.8545351748702,\n 43.17476808606034\n ],\n [\n -87.8874941592449,\n 43.256788164545725\n ],\n [\n -87.84354884674502,\n 43.38467326870554\n ],\n [\n -87.76664454986981,\n 43.46047767547816\n ],\n [\n -87.75565822174467,\n 43.54016923908526\n ],\n [\n -87.68424708893232,\n 43.6714303332671\n ],\n [\n -87.66227443268207,\n 43.73893789589496\n ],\n [\n -87.7007265811197,\n 43.822224625116775\n ],\n [\n -87.70621974518195,\n 43.90143744776549\n ],\n [\n -87.63480861236961,\n 44.03585768576417\n ],\n [\n -87.62382228424447,\n 44.083227488666694\n ],\n [\n -87.55790431549505,\n 44.11478630216129\n ],\n [\n -87.47550685455693,\n 44.19360963880467\n ],\n [\n -87.51395900299455,\n 44.311647225737175\n ],\n [\n -87.4700136904947,\n 44.48042125903953\n ],\n [\n -89.17289454986945,\n 44.4921780257917\n ],\n [\n -89.22782619049511,\n 42.50064614668156\n ],\n [\n -87.79411037018296,\n 42.496596072001864\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bade4b0c8380cd62755","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, J.S.","contributorId":65890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, L.","contributorId":76904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, J.","contributorId":13411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horwatich, J.A.","contributorId":50591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horwatich","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bannerman, R.","contributorId":95657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bannerman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":45030,"text":"wri20004292 - 2001 - A field and statistical modeling study to estimate irrigation water use at Benchmark Farms study sites in southwestern Georgia, 1995-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T18:27:35.321456","indexId":"wri20004292","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4292","title":"A field and statistical modeling study to estimate irrigation water use at Benchmark Farms study sites in southwestern Georgia, 1995-96","docAbstract":"

A benchmark irrigation monitoring network of farms located in a 32-county area in southwestern Georgia was established in 1995 to improve estimates of irrigation water use. A stratified random sample of 500 permitted irrigators was selected from a data base--maintained by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Georgia Environmental Protection Division, Water Resources Management Branch--to obtain 180 voluntary participants in the study area. Site-specific irrigation data were collected at each farm using running-time totalizers and noninvasive flowmeters. Data were collected and compiled for 50 farms for 1995 and 130 additional farms for the 1996 growing season--a total of 180 farms. Irrigation data collected during the 1996 growing season were compiled for 180 benchmark farms and used to develop a statistical model to estimate irrigation water use in 32 counties in southwestern Georgia. The estimates derived were developed from using a statistical approach know as \"bootstrap analysis\" that allows for the estimation of precision. Five model components--whether-to-irrigate, acres irrigated, crop selected, seasonal-irrigation scheduling, and the amount of irrigation applied--compose the irrigation model and were developed to reflect patterns in the data collected at Benchmark Farms Study area sites. The model estimated that peak irrigation for all counties in the study area occurred during July with significant irrigation also occurring during May, June, and August. Irwin and Tift were the most irrigated and Schley and Houston were the least irrigated counties in the study area. High irrigation intensity primarily was located along the eastern border of the study area; whereas, low irrigation intensity was located in the southwestern quadrant where ground water was the dominant irrigation source. Crop-level estimates showed sizable variations across crops and considerable uncertainty for all crops other than peanuts and pecans. Counties having the most irrigated acres showed higher variations in annual irrigation than counties having the least irrigated acres. The Benchmark Farms Study model estimates were higher than previous irrigation estimates, with 20 percent of the bias a result of underestimating irrigation acreage in earlier studies. Model estimates showed evidence of an upward bias of about 15 percent with the likely cause being a misrepresented inches-applied model. A better understanding of the causes of bias in the model could be determined with a larger irrigation sample size and increased substantially by automating the reporting of monthly totalizer amounts.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004292","usgsCitation":"Fanning, J.L., Schwarz, G., and Lewis, W., 2001, A field and statistical modeling study to estimate irrigation water use at Benchmark Farms study sites in southwestern Georgia, 1995-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4292, vii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004292.","productDescription":"vii, 32 p.","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"1996-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135730,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415362,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37101.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8948,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4292/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.111083984375,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -85.089111328125,\n 32.59773394005744\n ],\n [\n -85.0286865234375,\n 32.532920675187846\n ],\n [\n -84.9737548828125,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -84.96826171874999,\n 32.393877575286446\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 32.375322284319346\n ],\n [\n -85.01220703125,\n 32.32427558887655\n ],\n [\n -84.96826171874999,\n 32.310348764525806\n ],\n [\n -84.9298095703125,\n 32.287132632616384\n ],\n [\n -84.891357421875,\n 32.25926542645933\n ],\n [\n -84.92431640625,\n 32.24068253457369\n ],\n [\n -84.9627685546875,\n 32.217448573031014\n ],\n [\n -84.9957275390625,\n 32.19885712788488\n ],\n [\n -85.0396728515625,\n 32.17096283641326\n ],\n [\n -85.0726318359375,\n 32.13375715632646\n ],\n [\n -85.0506591796875,\n 32.10118973232094\n ],\n [\n -85.0506591796875,\n 32.05930026106166\n ],\n [\n -85.067138671875,\n 31.994100723260804\n ],\n [\n -85.0946044921875,\n 31.914867503276223\n ],\n [\n -85.1385498046875,\n 31.863562548378965\n ],\n [\n -85.1385498046875,\n 31.812229022640704\n ],\n [\n -85.1275634765625,\n 31.737511125687828\n ],\n [\n -85.111083984375,\n 31.686107579079483\n ],\n [\n -85.0946044921875,\n 31.63467554954133\n ],\n [\n -85.067138671875,\n 31.606609719226917\n ],\n [\n -85.045166015625,\n 31.58321506275729\n ],\n [\n -85.05615234375,\n 31.522361470421437\n ],\n [\n -85.0836181640625,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -85.0946044921875,\n 31.330178972184655\n ],\n [\n -85.10009765625,\n 31.264465555752835\n ],\n [\n -85.11657714843749,\n 31.208103321325254\n ],\n [\n -85.1055908203125,\n 31.156408414557\n ],\n [\n -85.05615234375,\n 31.123496964067325\n ],\n [\n -85.0067138671875,\n 31.038815104128687\n ],\n [\n -85.0067138671875,\n 30.963479049959364\n ],\n [\n -84.957275390625,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -84.9407958984375,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -84.9078369140625,\n 30.746556862773616\n ],\n [\n -84.8638916015625,\n 30.69933500437198\n ],\n [\n -83.1500244140625,\n 30.62845887475364\n ],\n [\n -83.133544921875,\n 32.74570253945518\n ],\n [\n -85.111083984375,\n 32.69486597787505\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeadf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fanning, Julia L.","contributorId":73981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, William C.","contributorId":50878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"William C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023966,"text":"70023966 - 2001 - Observation of the geology and geomorphology of the 1999 Marsokhod test site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-01T17:08:12.315851","indexId":"70023966","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observation of the geology and geomorphology of the 1999 Marsokhod test site","docAbstract":"

The Marsokhod rover returned data from six stations that were used to decipher the geomorphology and geology of a region not previously visited by members of the geomorphology field team. Satellite images and simulated descent images provided information about the regional setting. The landing zone was on an alluvial apron flanking a mountain block to the west and a playa surface to the east. Rover color images, infrared spectra analysis of the mountains, and the apron surface provided insight into the rock composition of the nearby mountains. From the return data the geomorphology team interpreted the region to consist of compressionally deformed, ancient marine sediments and igneous rocks exposed by more recent extensional tectonics. Unconsolidated alluvial materials blanket the lower flanks of the mountains. An ancient shoreline cut into alluvial material marks a high stand of water during a past, wetter climate period. Playa sediments floor a present-day, seasonally, dry lake. Observations made by the rover using panoramic and close-up (hand specimens-scale) image data and color scene data confirmed the presence of boulders, cobbles, and fines of various provinces. Rover traverses to sites identified as geologically distinct, such as fan, channel, shoreline, and playa, provided useful clues to the geologic interpretations. Analysis of local rocks was given context only through comparison with distant geologic features. These results demonstrated the importance of a multifaceted approach to site interpretation through comparison of interpretations derived by differing geologic techniques.

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Jr.","contributorId":6624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"C.T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gulick, V. C.","contributorId":47545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulick","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crumpler, L.S.","contributorId":81575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crumpler","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aubele, J.C.","contributorId":75638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aubele","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chapman, M. 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L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":1016148,"text":"1016148 - 2001 - Fall migration routes, timing, and wintering sites of North American ospreys as determined by satellite telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:47","indexId":"1016148","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fall migration routes, timing, and wintering sites of North American ospreys as determined by satellite telemetry","docAbstract":"Satellite telemetry was used to determine fall migratory movements of Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) breeding in the United States. Study areas were established along the lower Columbia River between Oregon and Washington; in north-central Minnesota; on Shelter Island, New York; and in southern New Jersey. Seventy-four adults (25 males, 49 females) were tracked from 1995 through 1999. Migration routes differed among populations but not by sex. Western Ospreys migrated through California and to a lesser degree other western states and wintered in Mexico (88%), El Salvador (6%), and Honduras (6%) (25.9A?N to 13.0A?N and 108.3A?W to 87.3A?W). Minnesota Ospreys migrated along three routes: (1) through the Central U.S. and then along the east coast of Mexico, (2) along the Mississippi River Valley, then across the Gulf of Mexico, or (3) through the southeastern U.S., then across the Caribbean. East Coast birds migrated along the eastern seaboard of the U.S., through Florida, and across the Caribbean. Midwestern birds wintered from Mexico south to Bolivia (22.35A?N to 13.64A?S, and 91.75A?W to 61.76A?W), while East Coast birds wintered from Florida to as far south as Brazil (27.48A?N to 18.5A?S and 80.4A?W to 57.29A?W). Dates of departure from breeding areas differed significantly between sexes and geographic regions, with females leaving earlier than males. Western birds traveled a shorter distance than either midwestern or eastern Ospreys. Females traveled farther than males from the same population, which resulted in females typically wintering south of males.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Martell, M., Henny, C.J., Nye, P., and Solensky, M.J., 2001, Fall migration routes, timing, and wintering sites of North American ospreys as determined by satellite telemetry: The Condor, v. 103, no. 4, p. 715-724.","productDescription":"p. 715-724","startPage":"715","endPage":"724","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f775f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martell, M.S.","contributorId":65435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nye, P.","contributorId":50487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solensky, Matthew J. 0000-0003-4376-7765 msolensky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4376-7765","contributorId":4784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solensky","given":"Matthew","email":"msolensky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1016039,"text":"1016039 - 2001 - Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T18:48:44.136466","indexId":"1016039","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata","title":"Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata","docAbstract":"
  1. A classic biogeographic pattern is the alignment of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid races of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) across the Chihuahuan, Sonoran and Mohave Deserts of western North America. We used statistically robust differences in guard cell size of modern plants and fossil leaves from packrat middens to map current and past distributions of these ploidy races since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).
  2. Glacial/early Holocene (26–10 14C kyr bp or thousands of radiocarbon years before present) populations included diploids along the lower Rio Grande of west Texas, 650 km removed from sympatric diploids and tetraploids in the lower Colorado River Basin of south-eastern California/south-western Arizona. Diploids migrated slowly from lower Rio Grande refugia with expansion into the northern Chihuahuan Desert sites forestalled until after ~4.0 14C kyr bp. Tetraploids expanded from the lower Colorado River Basin into the northern limits of the Sonoran Desert in central Arizona by 6.4 14C kyr bp. Hexaploids appeared by 8.5 14C kyr bp in the lower Colorado River Basin, reaching their northernmost limits (~37°N) in the Mohave Desert between 5.6 and 3.9 14C kyr bp.
  3. Modern diploid isolates may have resulted from both vicariant and dispersal events. In central Baja California and the lower Colorado River Basin, modern diploids probably originated from relict populations near glacial refugia. Founder events in the middle and late Holocene established diploid outposts on isolated limestone outcrops in areas of central and southern Arizona dominated by tetraploid populations.
  4. Geographic alignment of the three ploidy races along the modern gradient of increasingly drier and hotter summers is clearly a postglacial phenomenon, but evolution of both higher ploidy races must have happened before the Holocene. The exact timing and mechanism of polyploidy evolution in creosote bush remains a matter of conjecture.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00254.x","usgsCitation":"Hunter, K.L., Betancourt, J.L., Riddle, B., Van Devender, T.R., Cole, K., and Spaulding, W., 2001, Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 10, no. 5, p. 521-533, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00254.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"533","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, Baja California, Baja California Sur, California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nevada, New Mexico, Nuevo León, Sonora, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Chihuahuan Desert, Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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L.","contributorId":58998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riddle, Brett R.","contributorId":93016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"Brett R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Devender, Thomas R.","contributorId":84301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Devender","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cole, K.L.","contributorId":87507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spaulding, W. G.","contributorId":20704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"W. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70023509,"text":"70023509 - 2001 - Impact of climate and parent material on chemical weathering in Loess-derived soils of the Mississippi River valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T18:02:11.297181","indexId":"70023509","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of climate and parent material on chemical weathering in Loess-derived soils of the Mississippi River valley","docAbstract":"

Peoria Loess-derived soils on uplands east of the Mississippi River valley were studied from Louisiana to Iowa, along a south-to-north gradient of decreasing precipitation and temperature. Major element analyses of deep loess in Mississippi and Illinois show that the composition of the parent material is similar in the northern and southern parts of the valley. We hypothesized that in the warmer, wetter parts of the transect, mineral weathering should be greater than in the cooler, drier parts of the transect. Profile average values of CaO/TiO2, MgO/TiO2, K2O/TiO2 and Na2O/TiO2, Sr/Zr, Ba/Zr, and Rb/Zr represent proxies for depletion of loess minerals such as calcite, dolomite, hornblende, mica, and plagioclase. All ratios show increases from south to north, supporting the hypothesis of greater chemical weathering in the southern part of the valley. An unexpected result is that profile average values of Al2O3/TiO2 and Fe2O3/TiO2 (proxies for the relative abundance of clay minerals) show increases from south to north. This finding, while contrary to the evidence of greater chemical weathering in the southern part of the transect, is consistent with an earlier study which showed higher clay contents in Bt horizons of loess-derived soils in the northern part of the transect. We hypothesize that soils in the northern part of the valley received fine-grained loess from sources to the west of the Mississippi River valley either late in the last glacial period, during the Holocene or both. In contrast, soils in the southern part of the valley were unaffected by such additions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2001.1761","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Bettis, E., Been, J., and McGeehin, J., 2001, Impact of climate and parent material on chemical weathering in Loess-derived soils of the Mississippi River valley: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 65, no. 6, p. 1761-1777, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2001.1761.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1761","endPage":"1777","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.92101739768592,\n 30.745236325390508\n ],\n [\n -91.26276996816591,\n 30.745223393791434\n ],\n [\n -91.26119907843233,\n 31.501794049950348\n ],\n [\n -90.65415266395712,\n 32.28782464081513\n ],\n [\n -90.80033934781983,\n 33.002207154484125\n ],\n [\n -90.72799900533826,\n 33.80500708711324\n ],\n [\n -89.84790814312959,\n 34.892530015067095\n ],\n [\n -89.434030676225,\n 36.07940701674747\n ],\n [\n -89.08300656124574,\n 36.350713126161665\n ],\n [\n -88.9159708331951,\n 36.98993925855281\n ],\n [\n -89.30871396819607,\n 37.743522956188244\n ],\n [\n -90.0645086005942,\n 38.32610022734718\n ],\n [\n -89.74466455809669,\n 38.75413259624344\n ],\n [\n -90.3795236274436,\n 39.28056918504862\n ],\n [\n -91.11342761200302,\n 39.8046507854373\n ],\n [\n -91.15566971529816,\n 40.27366606589638\n ],\n [\n -90.71591548275154,\n 40.89945953341336\n ],\n [\n -90.77964496350887,\n 41.284926473632424\n ],\n [\n -90.36297910470967,\n 41.317471264762275\n ],\n [\n -89.78704345457874,\n 41.94628081065335\n ],\n [\n -90.68524850766028,\n 42.85942099527375\n ],\n [\n -90.84309014947246,\n 43.48882672609571\n ],\n [\n -91.4221357727177,\n 43.4899804524637\n ],\n [\n -91.18749792066657,\n 42.54000415449812\n ],\n [\n -90.44422517568728,\n 41.88121211885803\n ],\n [\n -91.21738663656257,\n 41.479469211855616\n ],\n [\n -91.33408628539468,\n 41.233985575950584\n ],\n [\n -91.17412484030177,\n 40.98861913791299\n ],\n [\n -91.65525847001453,\n 40.50031910925233\n ],\n [\n -91.61375248491436,\n 39.734634896445755\n ],\n [\n -90.97788582035349,\n 39.11645652259517\n ],\n [\n -90.52653760209114,\n 38.0226126481557\n ],\n [\n -89.77722878038122,\n 37.55739189448239\n ],\n [\n -89.61530613927766,\n 36.82446879434379\n ],\n [\n -91.49688472273357,\n 33.739905027820654\n ],\n [\n -91.30423081879928,\n 32.30559941916022\n ],\n [\n -92.02903571192775,\n 31.316288983046135\n ],\n [\n -91.92101739768592,\n 30.745236325390508\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38b6e4b0c8380cd61677","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Been, J.","contributorId":24949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Been","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, J. P. 0000-0002-5320-6091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":48593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023453,"text":"70023453 - 2001 - A geostatistical approach to predicting sulfur content in the Pittsburgh coal bed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023453","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geostatistical approach to predicting sulfur content in the Pittsburgh coal bed","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey (USGS) is completing a national assessment of coal resources in the five top coal-producing regions in the US. Point-located data provide measurements on coal thickness and sulfur content. The sample data and their geologic interpretation represent the most regionally complete and up-to-date assessment of what is known about top-producing US coal beds. The sample data are analyzed using a combination of geologic and Geographic Information System (GIS) models to estimate tonnages and qualities of the coal beds. Traditionally, GIS practitioners use contouring to represent geographical patterns of \"similar\" data values. The tonnage and grade of coal resources are then assessed by using the contour lines as references for interpolation. An assessment taken to this point is only indicative of resource quantity and quality. Data users may benefit from a statistical approach that would allow them to better understand the uncertainty and limitations of the sample data. To develop a quantitative approach, geostatistics were applied to the data on coal sulfur content from samples taken in the Pittsburgh coal bed (located in the eastern US, in the southwestern part of the state of Pennsylvania, and in adjoining areas in the states of Ohio and West Virginia). Geostatistical methods that account for regional and local trends were applied to blocks 2.7 mi (4.3 km) on a side. The data and geostatistics support conclusions concerning the average sulfur content and its degree of reliability at regional- and economic-block scale over the large, contiguous part of the Pittsburgh outcrop, but not to a mine scale. To validate the method, a comparison was made with the sulfur contents in sample data taken from 53 coal mines located in the study area. The comparison showed a high degree of similarity between the sulfur content in the mine samples and the sulfur content represented by the geostatistically derived contours. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00035-0","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Watson, W., Ruppert, L., Bragg, L.J., and Tewalt, S., 2001, A geostatistical approach to predicting sulfur content in the Pittsburgh coal bed: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 48, no. 1-2, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00035-0.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207467,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00035-0"},{"id":232445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e408e4b0c8380cd4636e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, W.D.","contributorId":96730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bragg, L. J.","contributorId":104055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tewalt, S.J.","contributorId":55838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023424,"text":"70023424 - 2001 - Mean and modal ϵ in the deaggregation of probabilistic ground motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-12T13:46:40","indexId":"70023424","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mean and modal ϵ in the deaggregation of probabilistic ground motion","docAbstract":"

An important element of probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis (PSHA) is the incorporation of ground-motion uncertainty from the earthquake sources. The standard normal variate ϵ measures the difference between any specified spectral-acceleration level, or SA0, and the estimated median spectral acceleration from each probabilistic source. In this article, mean and modal values of ϵ for a specified SA0 are defined and computed from all sources considered in the USGS 1996 PSHA maps. Contour maps of ϵ are presented for the conterminous United States for 1-, 0.3-, and 0.2-sec SA0 and for peak horizontal acceleration, PGA0 corresponding to a 2% probability of exceedance (PE) in 50 yr, or mean annual rate of exceedance, r, of 0.000404.

\n

Mean and modal ϵ exhibit a wide variation geographically for any specified PE. Modal ϵ for the 2% in 50 yr PE exceeds 2 near the most active western California faults, is less than –1 near some less active faults of the western United States (principally in the Basin and Range), and may be less than 0 in areal fault zones of the central and eastern United States (CEUS). This geographic variation is useful for comparing probabilistic ground motions with ground motions from scenario earthquakes on dominating faults, often used in seismic-resistant provisions of building codes. An interactive seismic-hazard deaggregation menu item has been added to the USGS probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis Web site, http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/eq/, allowing visitors to compute mean and modal distance, magnitude, and ϵ corresponding to ground motions having mean return times from 250 to 5000 yr for any site in the United States.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000289","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Harmsen, S., 2001, Mean and modal ϵ in the deaggregation of probabilistic ground motion: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 6, p. 1537-1552, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000289.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1537","endPage":"1552","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207581,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000289"}],"volume":"91","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52b6e4b0c8380cd6c60b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harmsen, Stephen C. harmsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"Stephen C.","email":"harmsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023056,"text":"70023056 - 2001 - Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T17:57:31","indexId":"70023056","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska","docAbstract":"

Wolves (Canis lupus) were captured in three areas of Interior Alaska (USA). Four hundred twenty-five sera were tested for evidence of exposure to canine coronavirus by means of an indirect fluorescent antibody procedure. Serum antibody prevalence averaged 70% (167/240) during the spring collection period and 25% (46/185) during the autumn collection period. Prevalence was 0% (0/42) in the autumn pup cohort (age 4-5 mo), and 60% (58/97) in the spring pup cohort (age 9-10 mo). Prevalence was lowest in the Eastern Interior study area. A statistical model indicates that prevalence increased slightly each year in all three study areas. These results indicate that transmission occurs primarily during the winter months, antibody decay is quite rapid, and reexposure during the summer is rare.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Zarnke, R.L., Evermann, J.F., Ver Hoef, J.M., McNay, M.E., Boertje, R.D., Gardner, C.L., Adams, L., Dale, B.W., and Burch, J.W., 2001, Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 37, no. 4, p. 740-745, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"740","endPage":"745","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d5de4b08c986b318368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarnke, Randall L.","contributorId":49148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarnke","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evermann, Jim F.","contributorId":87336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evermann","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ver Hoef, Jay M.","contributorId":42504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ver Hoef","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNay, Mark E.","contributorId":68506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNay","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boertje, Rodney D.","contributorId":84953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boertje","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gardner, Craig L.","contributorId":65259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Burch, John W.","contributorId":106231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70023081,"text":"70023081 - 2001 - Effects of multi-scale environmental characteristics on agricultural stream biota in eastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T15:33:13.720137","indexId":"70023081","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of multi-scale environmental characteristics on agricultural stream biota in eastern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey examined 25 agricultural streams in eastern Wisconsin to determine relations between fish, invertebrate, and algal metrics and multiple spatial scales of land cover, geologic setting, hydrologic, aquatic habitat, and water chemistry data. Spearman correlation and redundancy analyses were used to examine relations among biotic metrics and environmental characteristics. Riparian vegetation, geologic, and hydrologic conditions affected the response of biotic metrics to watershed agricultural land cover but the relations were aquatic assemblage dependent. It was difficult to separate the interrelated effects of geologic setting, watershed and buffer land cover, and base flow. Watershed and buffer land cover, geologic setting, reach riparian vegetation width, and stream size affected the fish IBI, invertebrate diversity, diatom IBI, and number of algal taxa; however, the invertebrate FBI, percentage of EPT, and the diatom pollution index were more influenced by nutrient concentrations and flow variability. Fish IBI scores seemed most sensitive to land cover in the entire stream network buffer, more so than watershed-scale land cover and segment or reach riparian vegetation width. All but one stream with more than approximately 10 percent buffer agriculture had fish IBI scores of fair or poor. In general, the invertebrate and algal metrics used in this study were not as sensitive to land cover effects as fish metrics. Some of the reach-scale characteristics, such as width/depth ratios, velocity, and bank stability, could be related to watershed influences of both land cover and geologic setting. The Wisconsin habitat index was related to watershed geologic setting, watershed and buffer land cover, riparian vegetation width, and base flow, and appeared to be a good indicator of stream quality. Results from this study emphasize the value of using more than one or two biotic metrics to assess water quality and the importance of environmental characteristics at multiple scales.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03655.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., Scudder, B.C., Lenz, B.N., and Sullivan, D.J., 2001, Effects of multi-scale environmental characteristics on agricultural stream biota in eastern Wisconsin: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 6, p. 1489-1507, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03655.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1489","endPage":"1507","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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J.","contributorId":94693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001025,"text":"1001025 - 2001 - First finding of the amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the mussel Dreissena bugensis in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T18:17:00.363635","indexId":"1001025","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"First finding of the amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the mussel Dreissena bugensis in Lake Michigan","title":"First finding of the amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the mussel Dreissena bugensis in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"

The first finding of the amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the mussel Dreissena bugensis in Lake Michigan is documented. These two species are widespread and abundant in the lower lakes, but had not yet been reported from Lake Michigan. E. ischnus is generally considered a warmwater form that is typically associated with hard substrates and Dreissena clusters in the nearshore zone. Along the eastern shoreline of Lake Michigan, this species was present at rocky, breakwall habitats along the entire north-south axis of the lake. Although not abundant, this species was also found at soft-bottomed sites as deep as 94 m in the southern basin. The finding of this species in deep offshore waters apparently extends the known habitat range for this species in the Great Lakes, but it is found in deep water areas within its native range (Caspian Sea). D. bugensis was not abundant, but was present in both the southern and northern portions of the lake. Individuals of up to 36 mm in length were collected, indicating that it had probably been present in the lake for 2 or more years. Also presented are depth-defined densities of D. polymorpha at 37 sites in the Straits of Mackinac in 1997, and densities at up to 55 sites in the southern basin in 1992/93 and 1998/99. Mean densities decreased with increased water depth in both regions. Maximum mean density in the Straits in 1997 was 13,700/m2 (≤ 10 m), and maximum density in the southern basin in 1999 was 2,100/m2 (≤ 30 m). Mean densities at the ≤ 30-m interval in the southern basin remained relatively unchanged between 1993 and 1999, but increased from 25/m2 to 1,100/m2 at the 31 to 50 m interval over the same time period. D. polymorpha was rare at sites > 50 m. The presence of E. ischnus and the expected population expansion of D. bugensis will likely contribute to further foodweb changes in the lake.

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genesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023247","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remnant colloform pyrite at the haile gold deposit, South Carolina: A textural key to genesis","docAbstract":"Auriferous iron sulfide-bearing deposits of the Carolina slate belt have distinctive mineralogical and textural features-traits that provide a basis to construct models of ore deposition. Our identification of paragenetically early types of pyrite, especially remnant colloform, crustiform, and layered growth textures of pyrite containing electrum and pyrrhotite, establishes unequivocally that gold mineralization was coeval with deposition of host rocks and not solely related to Paleozoic tectonic events. Ore horizons at the Haile deposit, South Carolina, contain many remnants of early pyrite: (1) fine-grained cubic pyrite disseminated along bedding; (2) fine- grained spongy, rounded masses of pyrite that may envelop or drape over pyrite cubes; (3) fragments of botryoidally and crustiform layered pyrite, and (4) pyritic infilling of vesicles and pumice. Detailed mineral chemistry by petrography, microprobe, SEM, and EDS analysis of replaced pumice and colloform structures containing both arsenic compositional banding and electrum points to coeval deposition of gold and the volcanic host rocks and, thus, confirms a syngenetic origin for the gold deposits. Early pyrite textures are present in other major deposits of the Carolina slate belt, such as Ridgeway and Barite Hill, and these provide strong evidence for models whereby the sulfide ores formed prior to tectonism. The role of Paleozoic metamorphism was to remobilize and concentrate gold and other minerals in structurally prepared sites. Recognizing the significance of paragenetically early pyrite and gold textures can play an important role in distinguishing sulfide ores that form in volcanic and sedimentary environments from those formed solely by metamorphic processes. Exploration strategies applied to the Carolina slate belt and correlative rocks in the eastern United States in the Avalonian basement will benefit from using syngenetic models for gold mineralization.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/96.4.891","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Foley, N., Ayuso, R., and Seal, R., 2001, Remnant colloform pyrite at the haile gold deposit, South Carolina: A textural key to genesis: Economic Geology, v. 96, no. 4, p. 891-902, https://doi.org/10.2113/96.4.891.","startPage":"891","endPage":"902","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207350,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/96.4.891"},{"id":232239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6d7e4b0c8380cd850a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, N.","contributorId":17800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003757,"text":"1003757 - 2001 - Diagnostic histological findings in Yosemite toads (Bufo canorus) from die-off in the 1970s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T19:03:01.13123","indexId":"1003757","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Diagnostic histological findings in Yosemite toads (Bufo canorus) from die-off in the 1970s","title":"Diagnostic histological findings in Yosemite toads (Bufo canorus) from die-off in the 1970s","docAbstract":"

Twelve adult and 25 larval Yosemite toad (Bufo canorus) specimens from the eastern Sierra Nevada of California were examined histologically for evidence of infectious, toxicological, and degenerative diseases. The preserved toads were selected from 21 that had been salvaged or collected during a die-off in 1976-1979 that immediately preceded a population decline. Causes of death of four toads were determined histologically; clinical signs and field observations suggested causes of death of three more. Four toads died of infectious diseases, including chytridiomycosis of the skin (N = 1), bacillary septicemia (N = 2), and combined chytridiomycosis and bacterial septicemia (N = 1). Infections by a funguslike organism (Dermosporidium penneri), renal myxozoa (Leptotheca ohlmacheri), larval Rhabdias, various gastrointestinal nematodes, urinary bladder flukes, and lung flukes were detected in five specimens. No evidence of degenerative diseases, virus infections, or intoxications was found. The variety of lethal diseases and our inability to determine the causes of death of five specimens suggests that one or more histologically undetectable diseases or intoxications may have also contributed to the deaths and population decline.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1566028","usgsCitation":"Green, D.E., and Sherman, C.K., 2001, Diagnostic histological findings in Yosemite toads (Bufo canorus) from die-off in the 1970s: Journal of Herpetology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 92-103, https://doi.org/10.2307/1566028.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"103","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park, Saddlebag Lake, Tioga Lake, Tioga Pass Meadow","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.26735731325776,\n 37.931408007978845\n ],\n [\n -119.26735731325776,\n 37.8960877876888\n ],\n [\n -119.24616984985877,\n 37.8960877876888\n ],\n [\n -119.24616984985877,\n 37.931408007978845\n ],\n [\n -119.26735731325776,\n 37.931408007978845\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.29775989588323,\n 37.98295533862667\n ],\n [\n -119.29775989588323,\n 37.973289390262494\n ],\n [\n -119.27468587752381,\n 37.973289390262494\n ],\n [\n -119.27468587752381,\n 37.98295533862667\n ],\n [\n -119.29775989588323,\n 37.98295533862667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dbbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, D. Earl david_green@usgs.gov","contributorId":75883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"david_green@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Earl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherman, Cynthia Kagarise","contributorId":15141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherman","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"Kagarise","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022713,"text":"70022713 - 2001 - Spatial and temporal variation in diets of Spotted Owls in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70022713","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variation in diets of Spotted Owls in Washington","docAbstract":"We studied diets of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in three different regions of Washington State during 1983-96. Northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) were the most important prey in most areas, comprising 29-54% of prey numbers and 45-59% of prey biomass. Other important prey included snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), bushy-tailed woodrats (Neoloma cinerea), boreal red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi), and mice (Peromyscus maniculatus, P. oreas). Non-mammalian prey generally comprised less than 15% of prey numbers and biomass. Mean prey mass was 111.4 ?? 1.5 g on the Olympic Peninsula, 74.8 ?? 2.9 g in the Western Cascades, and 91.3 ?? 1.7 g in the Eastern Cascades. Diets varied among territories, years, and seasons. Annual variation in diet was characterized by small changes in relative occurrence of different prey types rather than a complete restructuring of the diet. Predation on snowshoe hares was primarily restricted to small juveniles captured during spring and summer. Mean prey mass did not differ between nesting and nonnesting owls in 19 of 21 territories examined. However, the direction of the difference was positive in 15 of the 21 cases (larger mean for nesting owls), suggesting a trend toward larger prey in samples collected from nesting owls. We suggest that differences in diet among years, seasons, and territories are probably due primarily to differences in prey abundance. However, there are other factors that could cause such differences, including individual variation in prey selection, variation in the timing of pellet collections, and variation in prey accessibility in different cover types. ?? 2001 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Forsman, E., Otto, I., Sovern, S., Taylor, M., Hays, D., Allen, H., Roberts, S., and Seaman, D., 2001, Spatial and temporal variation in diets of Spotted Owls in Washington: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 141-150.","startPage":"141","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9455e4b08c986b31a9f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forsman, E.D.","contributorId":88324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forsman","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otto, I.A.","contributorId":6634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"I.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sovern, S.G.","contributorId":21725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovern","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, M.","contributorId":97872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hays, D.W.","contributorId":70967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allen, H.","contributorId":59209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roberts, S.L.","contributorId":102246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Seaman, D.E.","contributorId":102845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaman","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70022767,"text":"70022767 - 2001 - The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T16:51:39.806485","indexId":"70022767","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria","title":"The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria","docAbstract":"

The Gibbs free energy of formation of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4) was calculated from published experimental studies of the reaction 3.25 Cu3.38Fe0.62S4 + S2 = 11 CuS + 2 FeS2 in order to correct an erroneous expression in the published record. The correct expression describing the Gibbs free energy of formation (kJ·mol−1) of nukundamite relative to the elements and ideal S2 gas is ΔfG°nukundamite, T(K) = −549.75 + 0.23242 T + 3.1284 T0.5, with an uncertainty of 0.6%. An evaluation of the phase equilibria of nukundamite with associated phases in the system Cu–Fe–S as a function of temperature and sulfur fugacity indicates that nukundamite is stable from 224 to 501°C at high sulfidation states. At its greatest extent, at 434°C, the stability field of nukundamite is only 0.4 log f(S2) units wide, which explains its rarity. Equilibria between nukundamite and bornite, which limit the stability of both phases, involve bornite compositions that deviate significantly from stoichiometric Cu5FeS4. Under equilibrium conditions in the system Cu–Fe–S, nukundamite + chalcopyrite is not a stable assemblage at any temperature.

","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Association of Canada","doi":"10.2113/gscanmin.39.6.1635","usgsCitation":"Seal,, R., Inan, E.E., and Hemingway, B., 2001, The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1635-1640, https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.39.6.1635.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1635","endPage":"1640","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba757e4b08c986b3214f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Inan, E. E.","contributorId":38332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inan","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemingway, Bruce S.","contributorId":13689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"Bruce S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023331,"text":"70023331 - 2001 - Steady state deformation of the Coso Range, east central California, inferred from satellite radar interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:38:25.438611","indexId":"70023331","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steady state deformation of the Coso Range, east central California, inferred from satellite radar interferometry","docAbstract":"

Observations of deformation from 1992 to 1997 in the southern Coso Range using satellite radar interferometry show deformation rates of up to 35 mm yr−1 in an area ∼10 km by 15 km. The deformation is most likely the result of subsidence in an area around the Coso geothermal field. The deformation signal has a short-wavelength component, related to production in the field, and a long-wavelength component, deforming at a constant rate, that may represent a source of deformation deeper than the geothermal reservoir. We have modeled the long-wavelength component of deformation and inferred a deformation source at ∼4 km depth. The source depth is near the brittle-ductile transition depth (inferred from seismicity) and ∼1.5 km above the top of the rhyolite magma body that was a source for the most recent volcanic eruption in the Coso volcanic field [Manley and Bacon, 2000]. From this evidence and results of other studies in the Coso Range, we interpret the source to be a leaking deep reservoir of magmatic fluids derived from a crystallizing rhyolite magma body.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000298","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wicks, C., Thatcher, W., Monastero, F.C., and Hasting, M., 2001, Steady state deformation of the Coso Range, east central California, inferred from satellite radar interferometry: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B7, p. 13769-13780, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000298.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"13769","endPage":"13780","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coso Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.89559644239358,\n 35.89167901231488\n ],\n [\n -117.86382285667506,\n 35.88069794333961\n ],\n [\n -117.82587104704612,\n 35.900463360140265\n ],\n [\n -117.7635216455132,\n 35.878501481359535\n ],\n [\n -117.7486120060162,\n 35.99263670709071\n ],\n [\n -117.69846140043526,\n 35.95643857292819\n ],\n [\n -117.60900356345303,\n 35.94217414472901\n ],\n [\n -117.59333738713559,\n 36.04306668149583\n ],\n [\n -117.64619883626153,\n 36.0934647030478\n ],\n [\n -117.65839763221352,\n 36.158058361857655\n ],\n [\n -117.68550606766281,\n 36.2368124823233\n ],\n [\n -117.7370120950161,\n 36.27725252573944\n ],\n [\n -117.76547595223772,\n 36.31111860387172\n ],\n [\n -117.84544583681263,\n 36.37116739197613\n ],\n [\n -117.93083740847753,\n 36.324224106229806\n ],\n [\n -117.95387957860949,\n 36.24774428806599\n ],\n [\n -117.93219283025019,\n 36.20400789299022\n ],\n [\n -117.98098801405847,\n 36.11208188608808\n ],\n [\n -117.85628921099229,\n 36.01895186796541\n ],\n [\n -117.91999403429787,\n 35.959729671303165\n ],\n [\n -117.89559644239358,\n 35.89167901231488\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b981ae4b08c986b31be1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicks, C.W.","contributorId":6615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monastero, Francis C.","contributorId":91276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monastero","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hasting, M.A.","contributorId":80039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasting","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023243,"text":"70023243 - 2001 - Sulfur and lead isotope geochemistry of hypogene mineralization at the Barite Hill Gold Deposit, Carolina Slate Belt, southeastern United States: A window into and through regional metamorphism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T12:46:43","indexId":"70023243","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur and lead isotope geochemistry of hypogene mineralization at the Barite Hill Gold Deposit, Carolina Slate Belt, southeastern United States: A window into and through regional metamorphism","docAbstract":"

The Barite Hill gold deposit, at the southwestern end of the Carolina slate belt in the southeastern United States, is one of four gold deposits in the region that have a combined yield of 110 metric tons of gold over the past 10 years. At Barite Hill, production has dominantly come from oxidized ores. Sulfur isotope data from hypogene portions of the Barite Hill gold deposit vary systematically with pyrite–barite associations and provide insights into both the pre-metamorphic Late Proterozoic hydrothermal and the Paleozoic regional metamorphic histories of the deposit. The δ34S values of massive barite cluster tightly between 25.0 and 28.0‰, which closely match the published values for Late Proterozoic seawater and thus support a seafloor hydrothermal origin. The δ34S values of massive sulfide range from 1.0 to 5.3‰ and fall within the range of values observed for modern and ancient seafloor hydrothermal sulfide deposits. In contrast, δ34S values for finer-grained, intergrown pyrite (5.1–6.8‰) and barite (21.0–23.9‰) are higher and lower than their massive counterparts, respectively. Calculated sulfur isotope temperatures for the latter barite–pyrite pairs (Δ=15.9–17.1‰) range from 332–355 °C and probably reflect post-depositional equilibration at greenschist-facies regional metamorphic conditions. Thus, pyrite and barite occurring separately from one another provide pre-metamorphic information about the hydrothermal origin of the deposit, whereas pyrite and barite occurring together equilibrated to record the metamorphic conditions. Preliminary fluid inclusion data from sphalerite are consistent with a modified seawater source for the mineralizing fluids, but data from quartz and barite may reflect later metamorphic and (or) more recent meteoric water input. Lead isotope values from pyrites range for 206Pb/204Pb from 18.005–18.294, for 207Pb/204Pb from 15.567–15.645, and for 208Pb/204Pb from 37.555–38.015. The data indicate derivation of the ore leads from the country rocks, which themselves show evidence for contributions from relatively unradiogenic, mantle-like lead, and more evolved or crustal lead. Geological relationships, and stable and radiogenic isotopic data, suggest that the Barite Hill gold deposit formed on the Late Proterozoic seafloor through exhalative hydrothermal processes similar to those that were responsible for the massive sulfide deposits of the Kuroko district, Japan. On the basis of similarities with other gold-rich massive sulfide deposits and modern seafloor hydrothermal systems, the gold at Barite Hill was probably introduced as an integral part of the formation of the massive sulfide deposit.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s001260050294","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Seal,, R., Ayuso, R.A., Foley, N.K., and Clark, S.H., 2001, Sulfur and lead isotope geochemistry of hypogene mineralization at the Barite Hill Gold Deposit, Carolina Slate Belt, southeastern United States: A window into and through regional metamorphism: Mineralium Deposita, v. 36, no. 2, p. 137-148, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001260050294.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.431396484375,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -78.11279296875,\n 36.60670888641815\n ],\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 36.1822249804225\n ],\n [\n -78.50830078125,\n 35.7019167328534\n ],\n [\n -79.442138671875,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -80.44189453125,\n 34.098159345215535\n ],\n [\n -82.210693359375,\n 33.00866349457558\n ],\n [\n -82.46337890625,\n 32.9257074887604\n ],\n [\n -82.99072265625,\n 33.17434155100208\n ],\n [\n -82.9248046875,\n 33.916013113401696\n ],\n [\n -81.9580078125,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -81.05712890625,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -80.145263671875,\n 36.1733569352216\n ],\n [\n -79.661865234375,\n 36.78289206199065\n ],\n [\n -79.29931640625,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -78.72802734375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -78.431396484375,\n 36.923547681089296\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dcee4b08c986b31dab4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Sandra H. B.","contributorId":88706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"H. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023987,"text":"70023987 - 2001 - Distribution of oxygen-18 and deuteriun in river waters across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T05:24:24","indexId":"70023987","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of oxygen-18 and deuteriun in river waters across the United States","docAbstract":"
\n

Reconstruction of continental palaeoclimate and palaeohydrology is currently hampered by limited information about isotopic patterns in the modern hydrologic cycle. To remedy this situation and to provide baseline data for other isotope hydrology studies, more than 4800, depth- and width-integrated, stream samples from 391 selected sites within the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) and Hydrologic Benchmark Network (HBN) were analysed for δ18O and δ2H (http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/ofr/ofr00-160/pdf/ofr00-160.pdf). Each site was sampled bimonthly or quarterly for 2·5 to 3 years between 1984 and 1987. The ability of this dataset to serve as a proxy for the isotopic composition of modern precipitation in the USA is supported by the excellent agreement between the river dataset and the isotopic compositions of adjacent precipitation monitoring sites, the strong spatial coherence of the distributions of δ18O and δ2H, the good correlations of the isotopic compositions with climatic parameters, and the good agreement between the ‘national’ meteoric water line (MWL) generated from unweighted analyses of samples from the 48 contiguous states of δ2H=8·11δ18O+8·99 (r2=0·98) and the unweighted global MWL of sites from the Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) of δ2H=8·17δ18O+10·35.

\n
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The national MWL is composed of water samples that arise in diverse local conditions where the local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) usually have much lower slopes. Adjacent sites often have similar LMWLs, allowing the datasets to be combined into regional MWLs. The slopes of regional MWLs probably reflect the humidity of the local air mass, which imparts a distinctive evaporative isotopic signature to rainfall and hence to stream samples. Deuterium excess values range from 6 to 15‰ in the eastern half of the USA, along the northwest coast and on the Colorado Plateau. In the rest of the USA, these values range from −2 to 6‰, with strong spatial correlations with regional aridity. The river samples have successfully integrated the spatial variability in the meteorological cycle and provide the best available dataset on the spatial distributions of δ18O and δ2H values of meteoric waters in the USA.

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