Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of available nitrogen are critical determinants of the distribution and abundance of plants and animals in ecosystems. Evidence for the resource island theory suggests that soils below tree and shrub canopies contain higher amounts of resources, including available nitrogen, than are present in interspace areas. Disturbances, such as prescribed fire and tree removal, are common management practices in shrub-woodland ecosystems, but it is not known if these practices affect resource islands. We examined temporal variation in resource islands of available nitrogen and their retention after fire and woody plant removal. From August 1997 to October 1998, soil nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) were measured monthly from canopy and interspace plots within four juniper-sagebrush sites along a precipitation gradient in central Oregon, USA. At each site, soil samples were collected from untreated plots, plots in which woody plants were removed, and those treated with prescribed fire in fall 1997. In burned treatments, canopy concentrations were significantly higher than interspace concentrations throughout the measurement period. Canopy NO3− and NH4+ concentrations were significantly higher on burned vs. unburned treatments for four months after fire. After woody plant removal, NO3− and NH4+ concentrations did not differ from the controls. Untreated control areas had higher NO3− and NH4+ concentrations under juniper canopies for nearly all months. Wetter sites had smaller differences between canopy and interspace concentrations through time than did the two drier sites. In relation to NO3− and NH4+ in this ecosystem, resource islands appear to be more ephemeral in wetter sites, and more pronounced following fire disturbances than in controls or those treated by woody plant removal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11104-004-1306-0","usgsCitation":"Stubbs, M.M., and Pyke, D.A., 2005, Available nitrogen: A time-based study of manipulated resource islands: Plant and Soil, v. 270, no. 1, p. 123-133, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-1306-0.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"270","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656bba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stubbs, Michelle M.","contributorId":15165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stubbs","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016362,"text":"1016362 - 2005 - Population size and trend of Yellow-billed Loons in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T15:25:29.623858","indexId":"1016362","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population size and trend of Yellow-billed Loons in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"The Yellow-billed Loon (Gavia adamsii) is of conservation concern due to its restricted range, small population size, specific habitat requirements, and perceived threats to its breeding and wintering habitat. Within the U.S., this species breeds almost entirely within the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska, nearly all of which is open, or proposed to be opened, for oil development. Rigorous estimates of Yellow-billed Loon population size and trend are lacking but essential for informed conservation. We used two annual aerial waterfowl surveys, conducted 1986–2003 and 1992–2003, to estimate population size and trend on northern Alaskan breeding grounds. In estimating population trend, we used mixed-effects regression models to reduce bias and sampling error associated with improvement in observer skill and annual effects of spring phenology. The estimated population trend on Alaskan breeding grounds since 1986 was near 0 with an estimated annual change of−0.9% (95% CI of−3.6% to +1.8%). The estimated population size, averaged over the past 12 years and adjusted by a correction factor based on an intensive, lake-circling, aerial survey method, was 2221 individuals (95% CI of 1206–3235) in early June and 3369 individuals (95% CI of 1910–4828) in late June. Based on estimates from other studies of the proportion of loons nesting in a given year, it is likely that <1000 nesting pairs inhabit northern Alaska in most years. The highest concentration of Yellow-billed Loons occurred between the Meade and Ikpikpuk Rivers; and across all of northern Alaska, 53% of recorded sightings occurred within 12% of the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/107.2.289","usgsCitation":"Earnst, S.L., Stehn, R., Platte, R., Larned, W.W., and Mallek, E.J., 2005, Population size and trend of Yellow-billed Loons in northern Alaska: Condor, v. 107, p. 289-304, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.2.289.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 68.6885206018014\n ],\n [\n -141.416015625,\n 68.6885206018014\n ],\n [\n -141.416015625,\n 71.24435551310674\n ],\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 71.24435551310674\n ],\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 68.6885206018014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earnst, Susan L. susan_earnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":4446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"Susan","email":"susan_earnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehn, Robert A","contributorId":216354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehn","given":"Robert A","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":324082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Platte, Robert","contributorId":105680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platte","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larned, William W.","contributorId":75206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larned","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mallek, Edward J.","contributorId":103964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallek","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1016367,"text":"1016367 - 2005 - Evidence of decline for Bufo boreas and Rana luteiventris in and around the northern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:41","indexId":"1016367","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":697,"text":"Alytes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of decline for Bufo boreas and Rana luteiventris in and around the northern Great Basin","docAbstract":"A method is described for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds in tissue samples. Cleanup by hexane-aceto-nitrile partitioning and Florisil column chromatography are performed on samples before oxidative treatment to convert DDE to DCBP. PCB components are then determined semi-quantitatively by TLC. No prior separation of PCB from chlorinated pesticides is required. The lower limit of sensitivity is 0.2 ?g.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alytes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wente, W., Adams, M.J., and Pearl, C., 2005, Evidence of decline for Bufo boreas and Rana luteiventris in and around the northern Great Basin: Alytes, v. 22, no. 3-4, p. 95-108.","productDescription":"p. 95-108","startPage":"95","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af1e4b07f02db6917a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wente, W.","contributorId":12425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wente","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":84316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016368,"text":"1016368 - 2005 - Observations of Interspecific amplexus between western North American ranid frogs and the introduced American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and an hypothesis concerning breeding interference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-03T15:40:45.542067","indexId":"1016368","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of Interspecific amplexus between western North American ranid frogs and the introduced American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and an hypothesis concerning breeding interference","docAbstract":"Introduced American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) come in contact with native amphibians on four continents and are well established in lowlands of western North America. To date, research on the effects of introduced bullfrogs on native frogs has focused on competition and predation, and is based largely on larval interactions. We present observations of interspecific amplexus between bullfrogs and two native ranid frogs (R. aurora and R. pretiosa) from six sites across the Pacific Northwest that imply that this interaction is more widespread than currently recognized. Our observations indicate that R. catesbeiana juveniles and subadults in this region are of appropriate size to elicit marked amplectic responses from males of both native species. Our literature review suggests that greater opportunity may exist for pairings between R. catesbeiana and native R. aurora or R. pretiosa than among syntopic native ranids in western North America. We hypothesize that interspecific amplexus with introduced R. catesbeiana could result in reproductive interference with negative demographic consequences in native ranid populations that have been reduced or altered by other stressors.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0126:OOIABW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pearl, C., Hayes, M., Haycock, R., Engler, J.D., and Bowerman, J., 2005, Observations of Interspecific amplexus between western North American ranid frogs and the introduced American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and an hypothesis concerning breeding interference: American Midland Naturalist, v. 154, no. 1, p. 126-134, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0126:OOIABW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69653a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":84316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, M.P.","contributorId":56174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haycock, Russ","contributorId":22735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haycock","given":"Russ","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engler, Joseph D.","contributorId":69943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engler","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowerman, Jay","contributorId":57024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowerman","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1016375,"text":"1016375 - 2005 - Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). Chytridiomycosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T19:34:33","indexId":"1016375","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). Chytridiomycosis","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Disturbance in riparian areas of semiarid ecosystems involves complex interactions of pulsed hydrologic flows, herbivory, fire, climatic effects, and anthropogenic influences. We resampled riparian vegetation within ten 10-m × 100-m plots that were initially sampled in 1992 in 4 watersheds of the Snake Range, east central Nevada. Our finding of significantly lower coverage of grasses, forbs, and shrubs within plots in 2001 compared with 1992 was not consistent with the management decision to remove livestock grazing from the watersheds in 1999. Change over time in cover of life-forms or bare ground was not predicted by scat counts within plots in 2001. Cover results were also not well explained by variability between the 2 sampling periods in either density of native herbivores or annual precipitation. In contrast, Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) exhibited reduced abundance at all but the highest-elevation plot in which it occurred in 1992, and the magnitude of change in abundance was strongly predicted by plot elevation. Abundance of white fir (Abies concolor) individuals increased while aspen (Populus tremuloides) individuals decreased at 4 of 5 sites where they were sympatric, and changes in abundance in the 2 species were negatively correlated across those sites. Utility of monitoring data to detect change over time and contribute to adaptive management will vary with sample size, observer bias, use of repeatable or published methods, and precision of measurements, among other factors.
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Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing uncertainty in ecological systems using global sensitivity analyses: A case example of simulated wolf reintroduction effects on elk","docAbstract":"Often landmark conservation decisions are made despite an incomplete knowledge of system behavior and inexact predictions of how complex ecosystems will respond to management actions. For example, predicting the feasibility and likely effects of restoring top-level carnivores such as the gray wolf (Canis lupus) to North American wilderness areas is hampered by incomplete knowledge of the predator-prey system processes and properties. In such cases, global sensitivity measures, such as Sobol’ indices, allow one to quantify the effect of these uncertainties on model predictions. Sobol’ indices are calculated by decomposing the variance in model predictions (due to parameter uncertainty) into main effects of model parameters and their higher order interactions. Model parameters with large sensitivity indices can then be identified for further study in order to improve predictive capabilities. Here, we illustrate the use of Sobol’ sensitivity indices to examine the effect of parameter uncertainty on the predicted decline of elk (Cervus elaphus) population sizes following a hypothetical reintroduction of wolves to Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. The strength of density dependence acting on survival of adult elk and magnitude of predation were the most influential factors controlling elk population size following a simulated wolf reintroduction. In particular, the form of density dependence in natural survival rates and the per-capita predation rate together accounted for over 90% of variation in simulated elk population trends. Additional research on wolf predation rates on elk and natural compensations in prey populations is needed to reliably predict the outcome of predator–prey system behavior following wolf reintroductions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.042","usgsCitation":"Fieberg, J., and Jenkins, K.J., 2005, Assessing uncertainty in ecological systems using global sensitivity analyses: A case example of simulated wolf reintroduction effects on elk: Ecological Modelling, v. 187, p. 259-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.042.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"187","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6729f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fieberg, J.","contributorId":106070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fieberg","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016384,"text":"1016384 - 2005 - Riparian communities associated with Pacific Northwest headwater streams: Assemblages, processes, and uniqueness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-25T15:58:55.076141","indexId":"1016384","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian communities associated with Pacific Northwest headwater streams: Assemblages, processes, and uniqueness","docAbstract":"Riparian areas of large streams provide important habitat to many species and control many instream processes — but is the same true for the margins of small streams? This review considers riparian areas alongside small streams in forested, mountainous areas of the Pacific Northwest and asks if there are fundamental ecological differences from larger streams and from other regions and if there are consequences for management from any differences. In the moist forests along many small streams of the Pacific Northwest, the contrast between the streamside and upslope forest is not as strong as that found in drier regions. Small streams typically lack floodplains, and the riparian area is often constrained by the hillslope. Nevertheless, riparian-associated organisms, some unique to headwater areas, are found along small streams. Disturbance of hillslopes and stream channels and microclimatic effects of streams on the riparian area provide great heterogeneity in processes and diversity of habitats. The tight coupling of the terrestrial riparian area with the aquatic system results from the closed canopy and high edge-to-area ratio for small streams. Riparian areas of the temperate, conifer dominated forests of the Pacific Northwest provide a unique environment. Forest management guidelines for small streams vary widely, and there has been little evaluation of the local or downstream consequences of forest practices along small streams.
Understanding how habitat structure at multiple spatial scales influences vertebrates can facilitate development of effective conservation strategies, but until recently most studies have focused on habitat relationships only at fine or intermediate scales. In particular, patterns of amphibian occurrence across broad spatial scales are not well studied, despite recent concerns over regional and global declines. We examined habitat relationships of larval and neotenic Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus), larval and adult Pacific tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei) (hereafter “tailed frogs”), and torrent salamanders (Rhyacotriton spp.) at three spatial scales (2-m sample unit, intermediate, and drainage). In 1998 and 1999, we captured 1568 amphibians in 702 sample units in 16 randomly chosen drainages in the Oregon Coast Range. We examined species–habitat associations at each spatial scale using an information-theoretic approach of analysis to rank sets of logistic regression models developed a priori. At the 2-m sample unit scale, all groups were negatively associated with proportion of small substrate and positively associated with stream width or elevation. At the intermediate scale, Pacific giant salamanders, adult tailed frogs, and torrent salamanders were positively associated with presence of a 46-m band of forested habitat on each side of the stream, and larval tailed frogs were positively associated with presence of forest >105 years old. Aspect was important for Pacific giant salamanders and larval tailed frogs at the intermediate scale. At the drainage scale, all groups except torrent salamanders were positively associated with proportion of stream length having forested bands >46 m in width, but further analysis suggests narrower bands may provide adequate protection for some groups. Population- and community-level responses at broad spatial scales may be reflected in species-level responses at fine spatial scales, and our results suggest that geophysical and ecological characteristics, as well as measures of instream habitat, can be used together to prioritize conservation emphasis areas for stream amphibians in managed landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/03-5195","usgsCitation":"Stoddard, M., and Hayes, J.P., 2005, The influence of forest management on headwater stream amphibians at multiple spatial scales: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 3, p. 811-823, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5195.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"823","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoddard, M.","contributorId":53354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoddard","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, J. P.","contributorId":42565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016396,"text":"1016396 - 2005 - Assessing mercury exposure and effects to American dippers in headwater streams near mining sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-09T20:27:46.8287","indexId":"1016396","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing mercury exposure and effects to American dippers in headwater streams near mining sites","docAbstract":"To evaluate mercury (Hg) exposure and possible adverse effects of Hg on American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) reproduction, we collected eggs and nestling feathers and the larval/nymph form of three Orders of aquatic macroinvertebrates (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera = EPT) important in their diet from three major headwater tributaries of the upper Willamette River, Oregon in 2002. The Coast Fork Willamette River is contaminated with Hg due to historical cinnabar (HgS) mining at the Black Butte Mine; the Row River is affected by past gold-mining operations located within the Bohemia Mining District, where Hg was used in the amalgamation process to recover gold; and the Middle Fork Willamette River is the reference area with no known mining. Methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations (geometric mean) in composite EPT larvae (111.9 ng/g dry weight [dw] or 19.8 ng/g wet weight [ww]), dipper eggs (38.5 ng/g ww) and nestling feathers (1158 ng/g ww) collected from the Coast Fork Willamette were significantly higher than MeHg concentrations in EPT and dipper samples from other streams. Total mercury (THg) concentrations in surface sediments along the same Hg-impacted streams were investigated by others in 1999 (Row River tributaries) and 2002 (Coast Fork). The reported sediment THg concentrations paralleled our biological findings. Dipper breeding territories at higher elevations had fewer second clutches; however, dipper reproductive success along all streams (including the lower elevation and most Hg-contaminated Coast Fork), was judged excellent compared to other studies reviewed. Furthermore, MeHg concentrations in EPT samples from this study were well below dietary concentrations in other aquatic bird species, such as loons and ducks, reported to cause Hg-related reproductive problems. Our data suggest that either dipper feathers or EPT composites used to project MeHg concentrations in dipper feathers (with biomagnification factor of 10–20×) may be used, but with caution, to screen headwater streams for potential Hg-related effects on dippers. When actual feather concentrations or projected feather concentrations are equal to or lower than concentrations reported for the Coast Fork, dippers are expected to reproduce well (assuming adequate prey and suitable nest sites). When Hg concentrations are substantially higher, more detailed investigations may be required. Birds feeding almost exclusively on fish (e.g., osprey [Pandion haliaetus]) and usually found further downstream from the headwaters would not be adequately represented by dippers given the higher MeHg concentrations in fish resulting from biomagnification, compared to lower trophic level invertebrates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-005-0023-7","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Kaiser, J.L., Packard, H.A., Grove, R.A., and Taft, M.R., 2005, Assessing mercury exposure and effects to American dippers in headwater streams near mining sites: Ecotoxicology, v. 14, no. 7, p. 709-725, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-005-0023-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"725","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.20617675781251,\n 43.43098253248489\n ],\n [\n -122.12951660156249,\n 43.43098253248489\n ],\n [\n -122.12951660156249,\n 43.967121395851485\n ],\n [\n -123.20617675781251,\n 43.967121395851485\n ],\n [\n -123.20617675781251,\n 43.43098253248489\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaiser, James L.","contributorId":57033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Packard, Heidi A.","contributorId":31727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packard","given":"Heidi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taft, Mike R.","contributorId":17959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taft","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1016397,"text":"1016397 - 2005 - Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T14:47:06","indexId":"1016397","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in western North America","docAbstract":"An increase in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has been posited to be a potential factor in the decline of some amphibian population. This hypothesis has received support from laboratory and field experiments showing that current levels of UV-B can cause embryo mortality in some species, but little research has addressed whether UV-B is influencing the distribution of amphibian populations. We compared patterns of amphibian presence to site-specific estimates of UV-B dose at 683 ponds and lakes in Glacier, Olympic, and Sequoia–Kings Canyon National Parks. All three parks are located in western North America, a region with a concentration of documented amphibian declines. Site-specific daily UV-B dose was estimated using modeled and field-collected data to incorporate the effects of elevation, landscape, and water-column dissolved organic carbon. Of the eight species we examined (Ambystoma gracile, Ambystoma macrodactylum, Bufo boreas, Pseudacris regilla, Rana cascadae, Rana leuteiventris, Rana muscosa, Taricha granulosa), two species (T. granulosa and A. macrodactylum) had quadratic relationships with UV-B that could have resulted from negative UV-B effects. Both species were most likely to occur at moderate UV-B levels. Ambystoma macrodactylum showed this pattern only in Glacier National Park. Occurrence of A. macrodactylum increased as UV-B increased in Olympic National Park despite UV-B levels similar to those recorded in Glacier. We also found marginal support for a negative association with UV-B for P. regilla in one of the two parks where it occurred. We did not find evidence of a negative UV-B effect for any other species. Much more work is still needed to determine whether UV-B, either alone or in concert with other factors, is causing widespread population losses in amphibians.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1007/s10021-003-0033-3","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., Hossack, B., Knapp, R., Corn, P., Diamond, S.A., Trenham, P., and Fagre, D., 2005, Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in western North America: Ecosystems, v. 8, no. 5, p. 488-500, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0033-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"500","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Montana, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park, Olympic National Park, Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.98193359375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -118.564453125,\n 36.155617833818525\n ],\n [\n -118.27880859375001,\n 35.29943548054545\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -117.5537109375,\n 37.17782559332976\n ],\n [\n -118.85009765625,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -119.55322265624999,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -118.98193359375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.31030273437499,\n 48.151428143221224\n ],\n [\n -123.12377929687499,\n 48.011975126709956\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 47.71715357016648\n ],\n [\n -123.101806640625,\n 47.27177506640826\n ],\n [\n -123.98071289062499,\n 47.27177506640826\n ],\n [\n -124.31030273437499,\n 48.151428143221224\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.4500732421875,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -113.521728515625,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -113.2965087890625,\n 48.636538782610465\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 48.29781249243716\n ],\n [\n -112.69775390625,\n 48.00094957553023\n ],\n [\n -112.6483154296875,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -112.35717773437499,\n 47.19344533938295\n ],\n [\n -112.6483154296875,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -113.36242675781249,\n 47.08882558740757\n ],\n [\n -114.0435791015625,\n 47.14489748555398\n ],\n [\n -113.99414062499999,\n 47.99359789867388\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 48.40732607972984\n ],\n [\n -114.89501953124999,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -114.4500732421875,\n 48.980216985374994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f2eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, B. R.","contributorId":10756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knapp, R.A.","contributorId":87510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diamond, S. A.","contributorId":41382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamond","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Trenham, P.C.","contributorId":13197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trenham","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1016398,"text":"1016398 - 2005 - Estimated ultraviolet radiation doses in wetlands in six national parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T14:44:29","indexId":"1016398","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimated ultraviolet radiation doses in wetlands in six national parks","docAbstract":"Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280–320-nm wavelengths) doses were estimated for 1024 wetlands in six national parks: Acadia (Acadia), Glacier (Glacier), Great Smoky Mountains (Smoky), Olympic (Olympic), Rocky Mountain (Rocky), and Sequoia/Kings Canyon (Sequoia). Estimates were made using ground-based UV-B data (Brewer spectrophotometers), solar radiation models, GIS tools, field characterization of vegetative features, and quantification of DOC concentration and spectral absorbance. UV-B dose estimates were made for the summer solstice, at a depth of 1 cm in each wetland. The mean dose across all wetlands and parks was 19.3 W-h m−2 (range of 3.4–32.1 W-h m−2). The mean dose was lowest in Acadia (13.7 W-h m−2) and highest in Rocky (24.4 W-h m−2). Doses were significantly different among all parks. These wetland doses correspond to UV-B flux of 125.0 μW cm−2 (range 21.4–194.7 μW cm−2) based on a day length, averaged among all parks, of 15.5 h. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a key determinant of water-column UV-B flux, ranged from 0.6 (analytical detection limit) to 36.7 mg C L−1 over all wetlands and parks, and reduced potential maximal UV-B doses at 1-cm depth by 1%–87 %. DOC concentration, as well as its effect on dose, was lowest in Sequoia and highest in Acadia (DOC was equivalent in Acadia, Glacier, and Rocky). Landscape reduction of potential maximal UV-B doses ranged from zero to 77% and was lowest in Sequoia. These regional differences in UV-B wetland dose illustrate the importance of considering all aspects of exposure in evaluating the potential impact of UV-B on aquatic organisms.
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Mean daily high temperatures at termitaria were cooler and daily low temperatures were warmer than at random sites in the forest. Results also indicate that termitaria provided insulation from temperature extremes, and that temperatures inside termitaria were within the thermoneutral zone of Micronesian Kingfishers more often than those outside. No differences were identified in temperatures at sites where nest termitaria and nonnest termitaria occurred or among the insulation properties of used and unused termitaria. These results suggest that although termitaria provide insulation from thermal extremes and a metabolically less stressful microclimate, king-fishers did not select from among available termitaria based on their thermal properties. Our findings are relevant to conservation efforts for the critically endangered Guam Micronesian Kingfisher (T. c. cinnamominus) which is extinct in the wild and exists only as a captive population. Captive breeding facilities should provide aviaries with daily ambient temperatures ranging from 22.06 A?C to 28.05 A?C to reduce microclimate-associated metabolic stress and to replicate microclimates used by wild Micronesian Kingfishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1353/psc.2005.0045","usgsCitation":"Kesler, D.C., and Haig, S.M., 2005, Microclimate and nest-site selection in Micronesian Kingfishers: Pacific Science, v. 59, no. 4, p. 499-508, https://doi.org/10.1353/psc.2005.0045.","productDescription":"p. 499-508","startPage":"499","endPage":"508","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269779,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psc.2005.0045"}],"volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628e6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kesler, Dylan C.","contributorId":14358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kesler","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6769,"text":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":324216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027912,"text":"70027912 - 2005 - Effects of urbanization on the geomorphology, habitat, hydrology, and fish index of biotic integrity of streams in the Chicago area, Illinois and Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027912","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of urbanization on the geomorphology, habitat, hydrology, and fish index of biotic integrity of streams in the Chicago area, Illinois and Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Effects of urbanization on geomorphic, habitat, and hydrologic characteristics and fish biotic integrity of 45 streams in the Chicago area were examined by the U.S. Geological Survey from 2000 to 2001. An agricultural to urban land-cover gradient approach was used. Landscape characteristics such as texture of surficial deposits, slope, riparian land cover, and stream network position also were examined to determine if these factors influenced the effects of urbanization. Among geomorphic characteristics, channel enlargement occurred in urban streams with a high percent of watershed clayey surficial deposits. Other geomorphic and habitat characteristics such as stream power, fine substrate, and amount of riffles did not correlate with percent watershed urban land but instead correlated with reach slope. Bank erosion, habitat variability, and two habitat indexes did not correlate with watershed urban land. Below 30% watershed urban land, the unit area discharge for a 2-year flood increased with increasing urban land; however, above 30% urban land, unit area discharges for a 2-year flood were variable, most likely due to variations in stormwater management practices, point-source contributions, and the transport index. Streams with greater than 33% watershed urban land had low base flow, but the effects of urbanization on base flow were offset by point-source contributions. Fish index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores were low in streams with greater than 25% watershed urban land. Fish IBI scores also were low in streams with high percentages of watershed clayey surficial deposits and enlarged channels. The amount of riparian forest/wetland buffer had no moderating effect on geomorphic/habitat/hydrologic characteristics and fish IBI scores. Variations in the texture and topography of glacial landforms affected reach slope and some habitat characteristics. Longitudinal profiles were useful for distinguishing differences in local geologic settings among sampled sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., Diebel, M., Harris, M., Arnold, T., Lutz, M., and Richards, K., 2005, Effects of urbanization on the geomorphology, habitat, hydrology, and fish index of biotic integrity of streams in the Chicago area, Illinois and Wisconsin: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2005, no. 47, p. 87-115.","startPage":"87","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2005","issue":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a082be4b0c8380cd519e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, F. 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One species of Digenea, Paradistomoides gregarium, and six species of Nematoda, Hedruris hanleyae, Maxvachonia chabaudi, Parapharyngodon maplestoni, Physalopteroides arnoensis, Spauligodon gehyrae, and Moaciria sp. indet., were found. These helminths have been reported previously from other lizard species. Seventeen new host records and eight new locality records are reported. ?? 2005 by University of Hawai'i Press All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1353/psc.2005.0043","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, S., Bursey, C., and Fisher, R., 2005, Helminth records from eleven species of Emoia (Sauria: Scincidae) from Oceania: Pacific Science, v. 59, no. 4, p. 609-614, https://doi.org/10.1353/psc.2005.0043.","startPage":"609","endPage":"614","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477714,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/psc.2005.0043","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269781,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psc.2005.0043"}],"volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3048e4b0c8380cd5d4ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldberg, S.R.","contributorId":47975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bursey, C.R.","contributorId":79698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bursey","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027718,"text":"70027718 - 2005 - Rain, winds and haze during the Huygens probe's descent to Titan's surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-11T08:39:53","indexId":"70027718","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rain, winds and haze during the Huygens probe's descent to Titan's surface","docAbstract":"The irreversible conversion of methane into higher hydrocarbons in Titan's stratosphere implies a surface or subsurface methane reservoir. Recent measurements from the cameras aboard the Cassini orbiter fail to see a global reservoir, but the methane and smog in Titan's atmosphere impedes the search for hydrocarbons on the surface. Here we report spectra and high-resolution images obtained by the Huygens Probe Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer instrument in Titan's atmosphere. Although these images do not show liquid hydrocarbon pools on the surface, they do reveal the traces of once flowing liquid. Surprisingly like Earth, the brighter highland regions show complex systems draining into flat, dark lowlands. Images taken after landing are of a dry riverbed. The infrared reflectance spectrum measured for the surface is unlike any other in the Solar System; there is a red slope in the optical range that is consistent with an organic material such as tholins, and absorption from water ice is seen. However, a blue slope in the near-infrared suggests another, unknown constituent. The number density of haze particles increases by a factor of just a few from an altitude of 150 km to the surface, with no clear space below the tropopause. The methane relative humidity near the surface is 50 per cent.
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lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"West, R.","contributorId":26996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40}]}} ,{"id":70027714,"text":"70027714 - 2005 - Steam injection pilot study in a contaminated fractured limestone (Maine, USA): Modeling and analysis of borehole radar reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T15:59:19","indexId":"70027714","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Steam injection pilot study in a contaminated fractured limestone (Maine, USA): Modeling and analysis of borehole radar reflection data","docAbstract":"Steam-enhanced remediation (SER) has been successfully used to remove DNAPL and LNAPL contaminants in porous media. Between August and November 2002, SER was tested in fractured limestone at the former Loring Air Force Base, in Maine, USA. During the SER investigation, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a series of borehole radar surveys to evaluate the effectiveness of radar methods for monitoring the movement of steam and heat through the fractured limestone. The data were collected before steam injection, 10 days after the beginning of injection, and at the end of injection. In this paper, reflection-mode borehole radar data from wells JBW-7816 and JBW-7817A are presented and discussed. Theoretical modeling was performed to predict the variation of fracture reflectivity owed to heating, to show displacement of water and to assess the effect of SER at the site. Analysis of the radar profile data indicates some variations resulting from heating (increase of continuity of reflectors, attenuation of deeper reflections) but no substantial variation of traveltimes. Spectral content analysis of several individual reflections surrounding the boreholes was used to investigate the replacement of water by steam in the fractures. Observed decrease in radar reflectivity was too small to be explained by a replacement of water by steam, except for two high-amplitude reflectors, which disappeared near the end of the injection; moreover, no change of polarity, consistent with steam replacing water, was observed. The decrease of amplitude was greater for reflectors near well JBW-7817A and is explained by a greater heating around this well.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"3rd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2005","conferenceDate":"May 3-5, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Delft, Netherlands","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/AGPR.2005.1487846","isbn":"9080970115; 9789080970113","usgsCitation":"Gregoire, C., Lane, J., and Joesten, P., 2005, Steam injection pilot study in a contaminated fractured limestone (Maine, USA): Modeling and analysis of borehole radar reflection data, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2005, v. 2005, Delft, Netherlands, May 3-5, 2005, p. 55-59, https://doi.org/10.1109/AGPR.2005.1487846.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"2005","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9821e4b08c986b31be4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregoire, C.","contributorId":37142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregoire","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028820,"text":"70028820 - 2005 - Origin and development of plains-type folds in the mid-continent (United States) during the late Paleozoic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028820","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and development of plains-type folds in the mid-continent (United States) during the late Paleozoic","docAbstract":"Plains-type folds are local, subtle anticlines formed in the thin sedimentary package overlying a shallow, crystalline basement on the craton. They are small in areal extent (usually less than 1-3 km 2 [0.4-1.2 mi2]), and their amplitude increases with depth (usually tens of meters), which is mainly the result of differential compaction of sediments (usually clastic units) over tilted, rigid, basement fault blocks. The development of these structural features by continuous but intermittent movement of the basement fault blocks in the late Paleozoic in the United States mid-continent is substantiated by a record of stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence. The recurrent structural movement, which reflects adjustment to external stresses, is expressed by the change in thickness of stratigraphic units over the crest of the fold compared to the flanks. By plotting the change in thickness for different stratigraphic units of anticlines on different fault blocks, it is possible to determine the timing of movement of the blocks that reflect structural adjustment. These readjustments are confirmed by sedimentological evidence, such as convolute, soft-sediment deformation features and small intraformational faults. The stratigraphic interval change in thickness for numerous structures in the Cherokee, Forest City, and Salina basins and on the Nemaha anticline of the mid-continent United States was determined and compared for location and timing of the adjustments. Most of the adjustment occurred during and after time of deposition of the Permian-Pennsylvanian clastic units, which, in turn, reflect tectonic disturbance in adjacent areas, and the largest amount of movement on the plains-type structures occurred on those nearest and semiparallel to major positive features, such as the Nemaha anticline. Depending on the time of origin and development of plains-type folds, they may control the entrapment and occurrence of oil and gas. Copyright ??2005. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/08050404013","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Merriam, D.F., 2005, Origin and development of plains-type folds in the mid-continent (United States) during the late Paleozoic: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 89, no. 1, p. 101-118, https://doi.org/10.1306/08050404013.","startPage":"101","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209798,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/08050404013"},{"id":236515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a709ee4b0c8380cd7612e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027893,"text":"70027893 - 2005 - Pressurized liquid extraction using water/isopropanol coupled with solid-phase extraction cleanup for semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and alkylated PAH homolog groups in sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027893","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pressurized liquid extraction using water/isopropanol coupled with solid-phase extraction cleanup for semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and alkylated PAH homolog groups in sediment","docAbstract":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are recognized as environmentally relevant for their potential adverse effects on human and ecosystem health. This paper describes a method to determine the distribution of PAH and alkylated homolog groups in sediment samples. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), coupled with solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup, was developed to decrease sample preparation time, to reduce solvent consumption, and to minimize background interferences for full-scan GC-MS analysis. Recoveries from spiked Ottawa sand, environmental stream sediment, and commercially available topsoil, fortified at 1.5-15 ??g per compound, averaged 94.6 ?? 7.8%, 90.7 ?? 5.8% and 92.8 ?? 12.8%, respectively. Initial method detection limits for single-component compounds ranged from 20 to 302 ??g/kg, based on 25 g samples. Results from 28 environmental sediment samples, excluding homologs, show 35 of 41 compounds (85.4%) were detected in at least one sample with concentrations ranging from 20 to 100,000 ??g/kg. The most frequently detected compound, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, was detected in 23 of the 28 (82%) environmental samples with a concentration ranging from 15 to 907 ??g/kg. The results from the 28 environmental sediment samples for the homolog series showed that 27 of 28 (96%) samples had at least one homolog series present at concentrations ranging from 20 to 89,000 ??g/kg. The most frequently detected homolog series, C2-alkylated naphthalene, was detected in 26 of the 28 (93%) environmental samples with a concentration ranging from 25 to 3900 ??g/kg. Results for a standard reference material using dichloromethane Soxhlet-based extraction also are compared. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytica Chimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2005.06.032","issn":"00032670","usgsCitation":"Burkhardt, M., Zaugg, S., Burbank, T., Olson, M., and Iverson, J., 2005, Pressurized liquid extraction using water/isopropanol coupled with solid-phase extraction cleanup for semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and alkylated PAH homolog groups in sediment: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 549, no. 1-2, p. 104-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.06.032.","startPage":"104","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210897,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.06.032"}],"volume":"549","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b62e4b0c8380cd7e22f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkhardt, M.R.","contributorId":70410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zaugg, S.D.","contributorId":82811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burbank, T.L.","contributorId":37525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burbank","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, M.C.","contributorId":32724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iverson, J.L.","contributorId":40008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027904,"text":"70027904 - 2005 - Ordovician conodonts and stratigraphy of the ST. Peter sandstone and glen wood shale, central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027904","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1142,"text":"Bulletins of American Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ordovician conodonts and stratigraphy of the ST. Peter sandstone and glen wood shale, central United States","docAbstract":"The age of the St. Peter Sandstone in the central and northern Midcontinent has long been considered equivocal because of the general absence of biostratigraphically useful fossils. Conodonts recovered from the St. Peter Sandstone in Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Kansas for this study help place some age constraints on this renowned formation in its northern and western extent. Faunas from the lower St. Peter include Phragmodus flexuosus, Cahabagnathus sp., and Leptochirognathus sp., and a late Whiterockian (Chazyan) correlation is indicated. Juvenile or immature elements of P. flexuosus from these collections show morphologies trending toward P. cognitus and P. inflexus, and paedomorphic derivation of these latter species is proposed. Diverse assemblages of hyaline forms also occur in the St. Peter strata (Erismodus spp., Erraticodon sp., Curtognathus sp., Coleodus sp., Archeognathus sp., Stereoconus sp., others) along with various albid elements (Plectodina sp., Eoplacognathus sp., others). The overlying Glenwood Shale contains abundant conodonts dominated by Phragmodus cognitus, Erismodus sp., and Chirognathus duodactylus, and the fauna is interpreted as an early Mohawkian (Blackriveran) association. Certain thin shale units in the St. Peter-Glenwood succession represent condensed intervals, in part reflected by their exceptionally high conodont abundances. Some organic-rich phosphatic shale units in the lower St. Peter of western Iowa have produced equivalent yields of tens of thousands of conodonts per kilogram, and many Glenwood Shale samples yield thousands of conodonts per kilogram. Previous depositional models have proposed that the St. Peter is primarily a succession of littoral and nearshore facies forming a broadly diachronous transgressive sheet sand. However, broad-scale diachroneity cannot be demonstrated with available biostratigraphic control. The recognition of condensed marine shale units, phosphorites, ironstones, and pyritic hardgrounds in the western facies tract of the St. Peter Sandstone has necessitated a re-evaluation of previous regional models of St. Peter deposition. The St. Peter is interpreted to be a composite stratigraphic interval deposited during a succession of transgressive-regressive sedimentary cycles. Transgressive episodes in some cycles were marked by offshore sediment condensation or starvation within a stratified seaway.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletins of American Paleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00075779","usgsCitation":"Witzke, B., and Metzger, R., 2005, Ordovician conodonts and stratigraphy of the ST. Peter sandstone and glen wood shale, central United States: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 2005, no. 369, p. 53-91.","startPage":"53","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2005","issue":"369","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f5fe4b0c8380cd75a66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witzke, B.J.","contributorId":12976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metzger, R.A.","contributorId":103825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":87288,"text":"87288 - 2005 - Decision making with environmental indices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T18:18:40","indexId":"87288","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7","title":"Decision making with environmental indices","docAbstract":"Since Ott's seminal book on environmental indices (1978), the use of indices has expanded into several natural resource disciplines, including ecological studies, environmental policymaking, and agricultural economics. However, despite their increasing use in natural resource disciplines, researchers and public decision makers continue to express concern about validity of these instruments to capture and communicate multidimensional, and sometimes disparate, characteristics of research data and stakeholder interests. Our purpose is to demonstrate how useful indices can be for communicating environmental information to decision makers. We discuss how environmental indices have evolved over four stages: 1) simple; 2) compound multicriteria; 3) the impact matrix and 4) disparate stakeholder management. We provide examples of simple and compound indices that were used by policy decision makers. We then build a framework, called an Impact Matrix (IM), that comprehensively accounts for multiple indices but lets the user decide how to integrate them. The IM was shaped from the concept of a financial risk payoff matrix and applied to ecosystem risk. While the IM offers flexibility, it does not address stakeholder preferences about which index to use. Therefore, the last phase in our evolutionary ladder includes stakeholder indices to specifically address disparate stakeholder preferences. Finally, we assert that an environmental index has the potential to increase resource efficiency, since the number of decision making resources may be reduced, and hence improve upon resource productivity
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