Consumption of aquifer Fe(III) during biodegradation of ground water contaminants may result in expansion of a contaminant plume, changing the outlook for monitored natural attenuation. Data from two research sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons show that toluene and xylenes degrade under methanogenic conditions, but the benzene and ethylbenzene plumes grow as aquifer Fe(III) supplies are depleted. By considering a one‐dimensional reaction front in a constant unidirectional flow field, it is possible to derive a simple expression for the growth rate of a benzene plume. The method balances the mass flux of benzene with the Fe(III) content of the aquifer, assuming that the biodegradation reaction is instantaneous. The resulting expression shows that the benzene front migration is retarded relative to the ground water velocity by a factor that depends on the concentrations of hydrocarbon and bioavailable Fe(III). The method provides good agreement with benzene plumes at a crude oil study site in Minnesota and a gasoline site in South Carolina. Compared to the South Carolina site, the Minnesota site has 25% higher benzene flux but eight times the Fe(III), leading to about one‐sixth the expansion rate. Although it was developed for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, the growth‐rate estimation method may have applications to contaminant plumes from other persistent contaminant sources.
A back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to classify multispectral remote sensing imagery data. The classification procedure included four steps: (i) noisy training that adds minor random variations to the sampling data to make the data more representative and to reduce the training sample size; (ii) iterative or multi-tier classification that reclassifies the unclassified pixels by making a subset of training samples from the original training set, which means the neural model can focus on fewer classes; (iii) spectral channel selection based on neural network weights that can distinguish the relative importance of each channel in the classification process to simplify the ANN model; and (iv) voting rules that adjust the accuracy of classification and produce outputs of different confidence levels. The Purdue Forest, located west of Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, was chosen as the test site. The 1992 Landsat thematic mapper imagery was used as the input data. High-quality airborne photographs of the same Lime period were used for the ground truth. A total of 11 land use and land cover classes were defined, including water, broadleaved forest, coniferous forest, young forest, urban and road, and six types of cropland-grassland. The experiment, indicated that the back-propagation neural network application was satisfactory in distinguishing different land cover types at US Geological Survey levels II-III. The single-tier classification reached an overall accuracy of 85%. and the multi-tier classification an overall accuracy of 95%. For the whole test, region, the final output of this study reached an overall accuracy of 87%. ?? 2005 CASI.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute","doi":"10.5589/m05-027","issn":"07038992","usgsCitation":"Liu, J., Shao, G., Zhu, H., and Liu, S., 2005, A neural network approach for enhancing information extraction from multispectral image data: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 31, no. 6, p. 432-438, https://doi.org/10.5589/m05-027.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"432","endPage":"438","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e497e4b0c8380cd46748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shao, G.","contributorId":43561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shao","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, H.","contributorId":16642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2002773,"text":"2002773 - 2005 - Coastal iron fluxes to surface waters of the NE Pacific: A driver of the marine ecosystem and carbon cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T21:26:50","indexId":"2002773","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":419,"text":"White Paper","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Coastal iron fluxes to surface waters of the NE Pacific: A driver of the marine ecosystem and carbon cycle","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Crusius, J., and Nielsen, J., 2005, Coastal iron fluxes to surface waters of the NE Pacific: A driver of the marine ecosystem and carbon cycle: White Paper.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeac2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027361,"text":"70027361 - 2005 - Co-occurrence of Pacific sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus and harbor seals Phoca vitulina in Glacier Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T18:14:02","indexId":"70027361","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":689,"text":"Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Co-occurrence of Pacific sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus and harbor seals Phoca vitulina in Glacier Bay","docAbstract":"We present evidence that Pacific sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus co-occur with harbor seals Phoca vitulina in Glacier Bay, Alaska, and that these sharks scavenge or prey on marine mammals. In 2002, 415 stations were fished throughout Glacier Bay on a systematic sampling grid. Pacific sleeper sharks were caught at 3 of the 415 stations, and at one station a Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis was caught with a fresh bite, identified as the bite of a sleeper shark. All 3 sharks and the shark-bitten halibut were caught at stations near the mouth of Johns Hopkins Inlet, a glacial fjord with the highest concentration of seals in Glacier Bay. Using a bootstrap technique, we estimated the probability of sampling the sharks (and the shark-bitten halibut) in the vicinity of Johns Hopkins Inlet. If sharks were randomly distributed in Glacier Bay, the probability of sampling all 4 pots at the mouth of Johns Hopkins Inlet was very low (P = 0.00002). The highly non-random distribution of the sleeper sharks located near the largest harbor seal pupping and breeding colony in Glacier Bay suggests that these 2 species co-occur and may interact ecologically in or near Johns Hopkins Inlet.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","issn":"10917306","usgsCitation":"Taggart, S.J., Andrews, A., Mondragon, J., and Mathews, E., 2005, Co-occurrence of Pacific sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus and harbor seals Phoca vitulina in Glacier Bay: Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin, v. 11, no. 2, p. 113-117.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"117","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269522,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/library/PDFs/afrb/taggv11n2.pdf"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f67ae4b0c8380cd4c7b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, A.G.","contributorId":92401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mondragon, Jennifer","contributorId":57580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mondragon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mathews, E.A.","contributorId":38354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathews","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027620,"text":"70027620 - 2005 - Effects of physical processes on structure and transport of thin zooplankton layers in the coastal ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-27T15:21:48.002996","indexId":"70027620","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of physical processes on structure and transport of thin zooplankton layers in the coastal ocean","docAbstract":"Thin layers of plankton are recurrent features in a variety of coastal systems. These layers range in thickness from a few centimeters to a few meters. They can extend horizontally for kilometers and have been observed to persist for days. Densities of organisms found within thin layers are far greater than those above or below the layer, and as a result, thin layers may play an important role in the marine ecosystem. The paramount objective of this study was to understand the physical processes that govern the dynamics of thin layers of zooplankton in the coastal ocean. We deployed instruments to measure physical processes and zooplankton distribution in northern Monterey Bay; during an 11 d period of persistent upwelling-favorable winds, 7 thin zooplankton layers were observed. These zooplankton layers persisted throughout daylight hours, but were observed to dissipate during evening hours. These layers had an average vertical thickness of 1.01 m. No layers were found in regions where the Richardson number was <0.25. In general, when the Richardson number is <0.25 the water column is unstable, and incapable of supporting thin layers. Thin zooplankton layers were also located in regions of reduced flow. In addition, our observations show that the vertical depth distribution of thin zooplankton layers is modulated by high-frequency internal waves, with periods of 18 to 20 min. Results from this study clearly show an association between physical structure, physical processes and the presence of thin zooplankton layers in Monterey Bay. With this new understanding we may identify other coastal regions that have a high probability of supporting thin layers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps301199","usgsCitation":"Aiello, C.M., Cheriton, O., Drake, P.T., Holliday, D.V., Storlazzi, C., Donaghay, P.L., and Greenlaw, C.F., 2005, Effects of physical processes on structure and transport of thin zooplankton layers in the coastal ocean: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 301, p. 199-215, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps301199.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"215","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477727,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps301199","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"301","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0781e4b0c8380cd5171c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiello, Christina M. 0000-0002-2399-5464 caiello@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2399-5464","contributorId":5617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiello","given":"Christina","email":"caiello@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheriton, O.M. 0000-0003-3011-9136","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-9136","contributorId":71380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheriton","given":"O.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drake, Patrick T.","contributorId":149017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drake","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":17620,"text":"UCSC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":414395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holliday, D. V.","contributorId":37112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holliday","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":2333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":414400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Donaghay, P. L.","contributorId":18166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donaghay","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Greenlaw, C. F.","contributorId":70960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenlaw","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70027357,"text":"70027357 - 2005 - Assessment of rarity of the blackmouth shiner Notropis melanostomus (Cyprinidae) based on museum and recent survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027357","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of rarity of the blackmouth shiner Notropis melanostomus (Cyprinidae) based on museum and recent survey data","docAbstract":"Accurate knowledge of an organism's distribution is necessary for conserving species with small or isolated populations. A perceived rarity may only reflect inadequate sampling effort and suggest the need for more research. We used a recently developed method to evaluate the distribution of a rare fish species, the blackmouth shiner Notropis melanostomus Bortone 1989 (Cyprinidae), which occurs in disjunct populations in Mississippi and Florida. Until 1995, N. melanostomus had been collected from only three localities in Mississippi, but in 1995, eight new localities were discovered. We analyzed museum records of fish collections from Mississippi, Florida, and Alabama to compare sampling effort before and after 1995. Results supported our predictions that 1) pre-1995 data would indicate inadequate sampling effort in Mississippi, 2) additional post-1995 sampling improved confidence in the currently known Mississippi distribution, and 3) there has not been enough sampling to accurately represent the actual distribution of N. melanostomus in Florida and across its entire known range. This last prediction was confirmed with the recent (2003) discovery of the first N. melanostomus in Alabama.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0247:AOROTB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15287092","usgsCitation":"O’Connell, M.T., O’Connell, U., and Williams, J., 2005, Assessment of rarity of the blackmouth shiner Notropis melanostomus (Cyprinidae) based on museum and recent survey data: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 4, no. 2, p. 247-260, https://doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0247:AOROTB]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"247","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211015,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0247:AOROTB]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee4ee4b0c8380cd49cb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connell, M. T.","contributorId":105679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connell, Uzee","contributorId":84223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"Uzee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027577,"text":"70027577 - 2005 - Insectivory versus piscivory in Black Terns: Implications for food provisioning and growth of chicks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027577","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insectivory versus piscivory in Black Terns: Implications for food provisioning and growth of chicks","docAbstract":"The Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) is known for insectivory in their breeding range, but they are piscivorous in winter and feed some fish to chicks. Fish have potentially high value for chick provisioning because of their larger mass, but the relative value of fish and insect diets for chick growth is unknown. In 1999-2000, we documented use of fish and insects for provisioning chicks at four Black Tern colonies in Maine and examined chick growth rates at two colonies (Douglas Pond and Carlton Pond) that differed in fish and insect use. Deliveries of fish and insects to broods were documented using video cameras and observations from blinds, while concurrently measuring chick growth in nest enclosures. Fish use was substantial (>25% of deliveries) at three of four colonies. Fish comprised 29% of items and 56% of metabolizable energy delivered to chicks at Douglas Pond compared to 13% of items and 22% of metabolizeable energy at Carlton Pond. Food delivery rate was inversely related to the proportion of large fish. In brood diets at Douglas and Carlton Ponds and increased with brood age at Carlton Pond only, apparently due to high insect use. Chick growth rate did not vary with respect to fish and insect composition of diets. It is concluded that adults were able to raise chicks through age 12 d at comparable growth rates with insect-or fish-dominated diets. Use of fish may be more energy efficient for adults, and the capability to use both fish and insects may reduce potential variability in food availability during the breeding season.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2005)28[436:IVPIBT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, A., and Servello, F.A., 2005, Insectivory versus piscivory in Black Terns: Implications for food provisioning and growth of chicks: Waterbirds, v. 28, no. 4, p. 436-444, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2005)28[436:IVPIBT]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"436","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210954,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2005)28[436:IVPIBT]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c1be4b0c8380cd62a83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, A.T.","contributorId":14547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Servello, F. A.","contributorId":7804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Servello","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027416,"text":"70027416 - 2005 - Potential for calibration of geostationary meteorological satellite imagers using the Moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70027416","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Potential for calibration of geostationary meteorological satellite imagers using the Moon","docAbstract":"Solar-band imagery from geostationary meteorological satellites has been utilized in a number of important applications in Earth Science that require radiometric calibration. Because these satellite systems typically lack on-board calibrators, various techniques have been employed to establish \"ground truth\", including observations of stable ground sites and oceans, and cross-calibrating with coincident observations made by instruments with on-board calibration systems. The Moon appears regularly in the margins and corners of full-disk operational images of the Earth acquired by meteorological instruments with a rectangular field of regard, typically several times each month, which provides an excellent opportunity for radiometric calibration. The USGS RObotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) project has developed the capability for on-orbit calibration using the Moon via a model for lunar spectral irradiance that accommodates the geometries of illumination and viewing by a spacecraft. The ROLO model has been used to determine on-orbit response characteristics for several NASA EOS instruments in low Earth orbit. Relative response trending with precision approaching 0.1% per year has been achieved for SeaWiFS as a result of the long time-series of lunar observations collected by that instrument. The method has a demonstrated capability for cross-calibration of different instruments that have viewed the Moon. The Moon appears skewed in high-resolution meteorological images, primarily due to satellite orbital motion during acquisition; however, the geometric correction for this is straightforward. By integrating the lunar disk image to an equivalent irradiance, and using knowledge of the sensor's spectral response, a calibration can be developed through comparison against the ROLO lunar model. The inherent stability of the lunar surface means that lunar calibration can be applied to observations made at any time, including retroactively. Archived geostationary imager data that contains the Moon can be used to develop response histories for these instruments, regardless of their current operational status.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems X","conferenceDate":"31 July 2005 through 2 August 2005","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.620097","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Stone, T., Kieffer, H.H., and Grant, I., 2005, Potential for calibration of geostationary meteorological satellite imagers using the Moon, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 5882, San Diego, CA, 31 July 2005 through 2 August 2005, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.620097.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211214,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.620097"}],"volume":"5882","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f07e4b0c8380cd7a8a2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Butler J.J.","contributorId":128408,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Butler J.J.","id":536616,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Stone, T.C.","contributorId":74874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, I.F.","contributorId":22140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"I.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027605,"text":"70027605 - 2005 - Uncertainty analysis for seismic hazard in Northern and Central Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T20:33:11","indexId":"70027605","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":793,"text":"Annals of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty analysis for seismic hazard in Northern and Central Italy","docAbstract":"In this study we examine uncertainty and parametric sensitivity of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and 1-Hz Spectral Acceleration (1-Hz SA) in probabilistic seismic hazard maps (10% probability of exceedance in 50 years) of Northern and Central Italy. The uncertainty in hazard is estimated using a Monte Carlo approach to randomly sample a logic tree that has three input-variables branch points representing alternative values for b-value, maximum magnitude (Mmax) and attenuation relationships. Uncertainty is expressed in terms of 95% confidence band and Coefficient Of Variation (COV). The overall variability of ground motions and their sensitivity to each parameter of the logic tree are investigated. The largest values of the overall 95% confidence band are around 0.15 g for PGA in the Friuli and Northern Apennines regions and around 0.35 g for 1-Hz SA in the Central Apennines. The sensitivity analysis shows that the largest contributor to seismic hazard variability is uncertainty in the choice of ground-motion attenuation relationships, especially in the Friuli Region (???0.10 g) for PGA and in the Friuli and Central Apennines regions (???0.15 g) for 1-Hz SA. This is followed by the variability of the b-value: its main contribution is evident in the Friuli and Central Apennines regions for both 1-Hz SA (???0.15 g) and PGA (???0.10 g). We observe that the contribution of Mmax to seismic hazard variability is negligible, at least for 10% exceedance in 50-years hazard. The overall COV map for PGA shows that the uncertainty in the hazard is larger in the Friuli and Northern Apennine regions, around 20-30%, than the Central Apennines and Northwestern Italy, around 10-20%. The overall uncertainty is larger for the 1-Hz SA map and reaches 50-60% in the Central Apennines and Western Alps.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.4401/ag-3239","issn":"15935213","usgsCitation":"Lombardi, A., Akinci, A., Malagnini, L., and Mueller, C., 2005, Uncertainty analysis for seismic hazard in Northern and Central Italy: Annals of Geophysics, v. 48, no. 6, p. 853-865, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-3239.","startPage":"853","endPage":"865","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-3239","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269204,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-3239"}],"volume":"48","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc16e4b08c986b328a16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lombardi, A.M.","contributorId":86167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombardi","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akinci, A.","contributorId":89715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akinci","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malagnini, L.","contributorId":81692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malagnini","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, C.S.","contributorId":45310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027604,"text":"70027604 - 2005 - Aquatic assemblages of the highly urbanized Santa Ana River Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-08T13:00:59","indexId":"70027604","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic assemblages of the highly urbanized Santa Ana River Basin, California","docAbstract":"We assessed the structure of periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblages and their associations with environmental variables at 17 sites on streams of the highly urbanized Santa Ana River basin in Southern California. All assemblages exhibited strong differences between highly urbanized sites in the valley and the least-impacted sites at the transition between the valley and undeveloped mountains. Results within the urbanized area differed among taxa. Periphyton assemblages were dominated by diatoms (>75% of total taxa). Periphyton assemblages within the urbanized area were not associated with any of the measured environmental variables, suggesting that structure of urban periphyton assemblages might be highly dependent on colonization dynamics. The number of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and Plecoptera (EPT) taxa included in macroinvertebrate assemblages ranged from 0 to 6 at urbanized sites. Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages had significant correlations with several environmental variables within the urban area, suggesting that stream size and permanence were important determinants of distribution among the species able to survive conditions in urban streams. Only 4 of 16 fish species collected were native to the drainage. Fish assemblages of urbanized sites included two native species, arroyo chub Gila orcuttii and Santa Ana sucker Catostomus santaanae, at sites that were intermediate in coefficient of variation of bank-full width, depth, bed substrate, and water temperature. Alien species dominated urbanized sites with lesser or greater values for these variables. These results suggest that urban streams can be structured to enhance populations of native fishes. Continued study of urban streams in the Santa Ana River basin and elsewhere will contribute to the basic understanding of ecological principles and help preserve the maximum ecological value of streams in highly urbanized areas.","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., Burton, C.A., and Belitz, K., 2005, Aquatic assemblages of the highly urbanized Santa Ana River Basin, California: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2005, no. 47, p. 263-287.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"287","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2005","issue":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed09e4b0c8380cd495a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833 caburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen","email":"caburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027417,"text":"70027417 - 2005 - Thermal infrared and visual observations of a water ice lag in the Mars southern summer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T10:03:03","indexId":"70027417","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal infrared and visual observations of a water ice lag in the Mars southern summer","docAbstract":"We present thermal infrared and visual evidence for the existence of water ice lags in the early southern summer. The observed H2O‐ice lags lay in and near a chasma and appears to survive between 6–8 sols past the sublimation of the CO2. Possible sources of the H2O that compose the lag are (1) atmospheric H2O that is incorporated into the seasonal cap during condensation, (2) cold trapping of atmospheric water vapor onto the surface of the cap in the spring, or (3) a combination of the 2 processes where water is released from the sublimating cap only to be transported back over the cap edge and cold trapped. We refer to this later process as the “Houben” effect which may enrich the amount of water contained in the seasonal cap at 85°S by as much as a factor of 15. This phenomenon, which has already been identified for the northern retreating cap, may present an important water transport mechanism in the Southern Hemisphere.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005GL024211","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., 2005, Thermal infrared and visual observations of a water ice lag in the Mars southern summer: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 24, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024211.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl024211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"32","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb22ae4b08c986b325637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027578,"text":"70027578 - 2005 - Changes in the fish fauna of the Kissimmee River basin, peninsular Florida: Nonnative additions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T10:30:39","indexId":"70027578","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the fish fauna of the Kissimmee River basin, peninsular Florida: Nonnative additions","docAbstract":"Recent decades have seen substantial changes in fish assemblages in rivers of peninsular Florida. The most striking change has involved the addition of nonnative fishes, including taxa from Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. I review recent and historical records of fishes occurring in the Kissimmee River basin (7,800 km2), a low-gradient drainage with 47 extant native fishes (one possibly the result of an early transplant), at least 7 foreign fishes (most of which are widely established), and a stocked hybrid. Kissimmee assemblages include fewer marine fishes than the nearby Peace and Caloosahatchee rivers, and fewer introduced foreign fishes than south Florida canals. Fish assemblages of the Kissimmee and other subtropical Florida rivers are dynamic, due to new introductions, range expansions of nonnative fishes already present, and periodic declines in nonnative fish populations during occasional harsh winters. The addition, dispersal, and abundance of nonnative fishes in the basin is linked to many factors, including habitat disturbance, a subtropical climate, and the fact that the basin is centrally located in a region where drainage boundaries are blurred and introductions of foreign fishes commonplace. The first appearance of foreign fishes in the basin coincided with the complete channelization of the Kissimmee River in the 1970s. Although not a causal factor, artificial waterways connecting the upper lakes and channelization of the Kissimmee River have facilitated dispersal. With one possible exception, there have been no basin-wide losses of native fishes. When assessing change in peninsular Florida waters, extinction or extirpation of fishes appears to be a poor measure of impact. No endemic species are known from peninsular Florida (although some endemic subspecies have been noted). Most native freshwater fishes are themselves descended from recent invaders that reached the peninsula from the main continent. These invasions likely were associated with major fluctuations in sea level since the original mid-Oligocene emergence of the Florida Platform. As opportunistic invaders, most native freshwater fishes in peninsular Florida are resilient, widespread, and common. At this early stage, it is not possible to predict the long-term consequences caused by the introduction of foreign fishes. We know a few details about the unusual trophic roles and other aspects of the life histories of certain nonnatives. Still, the ecological outcome may take decades to unfold.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Historical changes in large river fish assemblages of the Americas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Nico, L., 2005, Changes in the fish fauna of the Kissimmee River basin, peninsular Florida: Nonnative additions: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2005, no. 45, p. 523-556.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"556","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/shop/x54045xm"}],"volume":"2005","issue":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f430e4b0c8380cd4bbc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027542,"text":"70027542 - 2005 - Bulk sediment Qp and Qs in the Mississippi embayment, central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T18:47:32.860638","indexId":"70027542","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Bulk sediment Qp and Qs in the Mississippi embayment, central United States","title":"Bulk sediment Qp and Qs in the Mississippi embayment, central United States","docAbstract":"We have estimated P-wave and S-wave anelastic attenuation coefficients for the thick, unconsolidated sediments of the Mississippi embayment, central United States, using the spectral distance decay of explosion P and Rayleigh waves. The sediment-trapped P wave, Psed, is observed to ranges of 80 km at 10 Hz, and 1-Hz Rayleigh waves are observed out to 130 km from a 5000-lb borehole explosion in the northern part of the embayment. Rayleigh waves of 4 Hz are seen to distances of 3 km from a smaller 50-lb explosion. Analysis of the group velocity and amplitude-distance decay of both waves yields an average Qs of 100 and Qp of 200 for embayment sediments that are independent of frequency. Scatter in the Q estimates comes from interference of multiple P-wave reverberations and Rayleigh-wave modes. The attenuation model is self-consistent in that it is the same as obtained by the analysis of synthetic seismograms using the inferred Q-values. Inferred Qp and Qs values are more than three times higher than previous estimates and imply that unconsolidated sediments of the embayment do not significantly attenuate small-strain earthquake ground motions. These estimates represent a lower bound to Q of the sediments since significant scattering is observed in the waveform data that contributes to the distance decay of wave amplitude. Higher Q values also imply that the unconsolidated sediments of the embayment will form an efficient wave guide for surface waves radiated from shallow earthquakes or large earthquakes that rupture into the sediments, producing high-amplitude, long-duration wave trains that should be considered in earthquake hazard assessments.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120050047","issn":"","usgsCitation":"Langston, C., Bodin, P., Powell, C., Withers, M., Horton, S., and Mooney, W.D., 2005, Bulk sediment Qp and Qs in the Mississippi embayment, central United States: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 6, p. 2162-2179, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050047.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2162","endPage":"2179","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 34.75966612466248\n ],\n [\n -88.74755859375,\n 34.75966612466248\n ],\n [\n -88.74755859375,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 34.75966612466248\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2aee4b0c8380cd4b2c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langston, C.A.","contributorId":84882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langston","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, C.","contributorId":56849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Withers, M.","contributorId":27667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Withers","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horton, S.","contributorId":20146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028866,"text":"70028866 - 2005 - Spartina alterniflora genotype influences facilitation and suppression of high marsh species colonizing an early successional salt marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T09:54:18","indexId":"70028866","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spartina alterniflora genotype influences facilitation and suppression of high marsh species colonizing an early successional salt marsh","docAbstract":"In Nebraska, a large number (>200) of shallow sand‐point and cased wells completed in coarse alluvial sediments along rivers and lakes still are used to obtain drinking water for human consumption, even though construction of sand‐point wells for consumptive uses has been banned since 1987. The quality of water from shallow domestic wells potentially vulnerable to seepage from septic systems was evaluated by analyzing for the presence of tracers and multiple isotopes. Samples were collected from 26 sand‐point and perforated, cased domestic wells and were analyzed for bacteria, coliphages, nitrogen species, nitrogen and boron isotopes, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), prescription and nonprescription drugs, or organic waste water contaminants. At least 13 of the 26 domestic well samples showed some evidence of septic system effects based on the results of several tracers including DOC, coliphages, NH4+, NO3−, N2, δ15N[NO3−] and boron isotopes, and antibiotics and other drugs. Sand‐point wells within 30 m of a septic system and <14 m deep in a shallow, thin aquifer had the most tracers detected and the highest values, indicating the greatest vulnerability to contamination from septic waste.
We report an observation of Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) encountered 8 to 17 km from the nearest shoreline on Kuskokwim Bay, Alaska, on 30 August 2003. The ptarmigan were observed flying, landing on our research vessel, and landing and taking off from the water surface. We also report on one other observation of ptarmigan sitting on the water surface and other marine observations of ptarmigan from the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database. These observations provide evidence that Willow Ptarmigan are capable of dispersing across large bodies of water and landing and taking off from the water surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/04-074","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, C.E., Hillgruber, N., Burril, S., St. Peters, M.A., and Wetzel, J.D., 2005, Offshore marine observation of Willow Ptarmigan, including water landings, Kuskokwim Bay, Alaska: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 117, no. 1, p. 12-14, https://doi.org/10.1676/04-074.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1676/04-074","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kuskokwim Bay","volume":"117","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6cb8e4b0c8380cd74da6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hillgruber, Nicola","contributorId":138856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hillgruber","given":"Nicola","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12548,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":420102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burril, Sean E.","contributorId":56183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burril","given":"Sean E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"St. Peters, Michelle A.","contributorId":25744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St. Peters","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wetzel, Jennifer D.","contributorId":92861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028865,"text":"70028865 - 2005 - The ecological - Societal underpinnings of Everglades restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028865","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The ecological - Societal underpinnings of Everglades restoration","docAbstract":"The biotic integrity of the Florida Everglades, a wetland of immense international importance, is threatened as a result of decades of human manipulation for drainage and development. Past management of the system only exacerbated the problems associated with nutrient enrichment and disruption of regional hydrology. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) now being implemented by Federal and State governments is an attempt to strike a balance between the needs of the environment with the complex management of water and the seemingly unbridled economic growth of southern Florida. CERP is expected to reverse negative environmental trends by \"getting the water right\", but successful Everglades restoration will require both geochemical and hydrologic intervention on a massive scale. This will produce ecological trade-offs and will require new and innovative scientific measures to (1) reduce total phosphorus concentrations within the remaining marsh to 10 ??g/L or lower; (2) quantify and link ecological benefits to the restoration of depths, hydroperiods, and flow velocities; and (3) compensate for ecological, economic, and hydrologic uncertainties in the CERP through adaptive management. ?? The Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","language":"English","issn":"15409295","usgsCitation":"Sklar, F.H., Chimney, M., Newman, S., McCormick, P., Gawlik, D., Miao, S., McVoy, C., Said, W., Newman, J., Coronado, C., Crozier, G., Korvela, M., and Rutchey, K., 2005, The ecological - Societal underpinnings of Everglades restoration, in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 3, no. 3, p. 161-169.","startPage":"161","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baaf7e4b08c986b322b18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sklar, Fred H.","contributorId":23327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sklar","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chimney, M.J.","contributorId":6648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chimney","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newman, S.","contributorId":7678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCormick, P.","contributorId":30022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gawlik, D.","contributorId":23742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gawlik","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miao, S.","contributorId":79688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miao","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McVoy, C.","contributorId":24155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McVoy","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Said, W.","contributorId":45101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Said","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Newman, J.","contributorId":13764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Coronado, C.","contributorId":39998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coronado","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Crozier, G.","contributorId":50711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crozier","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Korvela, M.","contributorId":71751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korvela","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rutchey, K.","contributorId":35825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutchey","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70028854,"text":"70028854 - 2005 - Alkali elemental and potassium isotopic compositions of Semarkona chondrules","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-27T15:41:54.657217","indexId":"70028854","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alkali elemental and potassium isotopic compositions of Semarkona chondrules","docAbstract":"We report measurements of K isotope ratios in 28 Semarkona chondrules with a wide range of petrologic types and bulk compositions as well as the compositions of CPX-mesostasis pairs in 17 type I Semarkona chondrules, including two chondrules with radial alkali zonation and 19 type II chondrules. Despite the wide range in K/Al ratios, no systematic variations in K isotopic compositions were found. Semarkona chondrules do not record a simple history of Rayleigh-type loss of K. Experimentally determined evaporation rates suggest that considerable alkali evaporation would have occurred during chondrule formation. Nevertheless, based on Na CPX-mesostasis distribution coefficients, the alkali contents of the cores of most chondrules in Semarkona were probably established at the time of final crystallization. However, Na CPX-mesostasis distribution coefficients also show that alkali zonation in type I Semarkona chondrules was produced by entry of alkalis after solidification, probably during parent body alteration. This alkali metasomatism may have gone to completion in some chondrules. Our preferred explanation for the lack of systematic isotopic enrichments, even in alkali depleted type I chondrule cores, is that they exchanged with the ambient gas as they cooled.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00962.x","usgsCitation":"Alexander, C.M., and Grossman, J.N., 2005, Alkali elemental and potassium isotopic compositions of Semarkona chondrules: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 40, no. 4, p. 541-556, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00962.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00962.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e966e4b0c8380cd48254","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, C. M. O’D.","contributorId":105418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. O’D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grossman, Jeffrey N. 0000-0001-9099-9628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-9628","contributorId":37317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}