{"pageNumber":"2623","pageRowStart":"65550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68835,"records":[{"id":680,"text":"wsp1388 - 1957 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part V, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:11","indexId":"wsp1388","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1388","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part V, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1388","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1957, Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part V, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1388, xii, 548 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1388.","productDescription":"xii, 548 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1388/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25243,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1388/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69623b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":679,"text":"wsp1387 - 1957 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:11","indexId":"wsp1387","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1387","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1387","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1957, Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1387, ix, 412 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1387.","productDescription":"ix, 412 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1387/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25242,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1387/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6961e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":678,"text":"wsp1386 - 1957 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part III-B, Ohio River basin, Cumberland and Tennessee River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:11","indexId":"wsp1386","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1386","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part III-B, Ohio River basin, Cumberland and Tennessee River basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1386","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1957, Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part III-B, Ohio River basin, Cumberland and Tennessee River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1386, vii, 270 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1386.","productDescription":"vii, 270 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1386/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25241,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1386/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69622b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":674,"text":"wsp1381 - 1957 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part I-A, North Atlantic slope basins, Maine to Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:07","indexId":"wsp1381","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1381","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part I-A, North Atlantic slope basins, Maine to Connecticut","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1381","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1957, Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part I-A, North Atlantic slope basins, Maine to Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1381, viii, 263 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1381.","productDescription":"viii, 263 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1381/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25237,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1381/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696241","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":672,"text":"wsp1343 - 1957 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part IX, Colorado River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:07","indexId":"wsp1343","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1343","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part IX, Colorado River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1343","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1957, Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part IX, Colorado River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1343, xi, 481 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1343.","productDescription":"xi, 481 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1343/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25235,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1343/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6962ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":670,"text":"wsp1337 - 1957 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:07","indexId":"wsp1337","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1337","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1337","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1957, Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1337, ix, 422 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1337.","productDescription":"ix, 422 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1337/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25233,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1337/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6962a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":668,"text":"wsp1348 - 1957 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part XIV, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:07","indexId":"wsp1348","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1348","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part XIV, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1348","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1957, Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part XIV, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1348, ix, 291 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1348.","productDescription":"ix, 291 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1348/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25231,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1348/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696284","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":664,"text":"wsp1331 - 1957 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part I-A, North Atlantic slope basins, Maine to Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:07","indexId":"wsp1331","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1331","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part I-A, North Atlantic slope basins, Maine to Connecticut","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1331","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1957, Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part I-A, North Atlantic slope basins, Maine to Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1331, viii, 261 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1331.","productDescription":"viii, 261 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1331/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25227,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1331/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6962dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2370,"text":"wsp1376 - 1957 - Feasibility of ground-water features of the alternate plan for the Mountain Home project, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp1376","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1376","title":"Feasibility of ground-water features of the alternate plan for the Mountain Home project, Idaho","docAbstract":"An early plan of the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation proposed to irrigate 183,000 acres on the arid Snake River Plain south of Boise, Idaho (Mountain Home project) with Boise River water. That water would have been replaced to the Boise Valley with water imported from the Payette River. An alternate plan, proposed in 1953, would divert water from the Boise River to the plain; part of the water would be replaced by pumping ground water in the Boise valley and by importing water from the Snake River. Pumping of ground water in the Boise Valley also would help to drain waterlogged land. The present report evaluates the feasibility of the alternate plan in relation to geology and the occurrence and quality of ground water. \r\n\r\nThe mean annual temperature at Boise is 50.8 ? F and there is an average of 172 days between killing frosts. The annual evaporation rate from open-water surfaces in the area is about 33 inches. Runoff in the Boise River is chiefly from precipitation on mountain slopes at altitudes above 3,000 feet, east of Boise Diversion Dam. The surface-water supply of the Boise Valley is more Than ample for the valley, owing to large upstream storage and regulatory dams and reservoirs. The valley also contains a large volume of ground water in storage, and the perennial rate of recharge is large. The computed consumptive depletion of surface water in the valley is nearly 600,000 acre-feet a year. Apparent depletion, computed from adjusted runoff at Notus, is 1,070,000 acre-feet. The difference of 470,000 acre-feet represents ground-water underflow and ungaged surface outflow from the area east of Notus. \r\n\r\nAfter the beginning of irrigation, around the turn of the century, the water table in the Boise Valley rose steadily; the amount of rise at some places was as much as 140 feet. Shallow perched zones of saturation were created locally. More than 100,000 acres of Boise Valley land now is waterlogged or threatened with waterlogging, despite the presence of more than 325 miles of surface drains. Successful operation of the alternate plan would depend, not only on providing adequate water to replace that exported from the Boise Valley, but also on satisfactory drainage of waterlogged land. That is, water management in the valley would have to couple economical pumping of irrigation water with effective drainage by pumping. \r\n\r\nThe average of recorded yearly diversions from the Boise River is 1,280,000 acre-feet of live water (natural flow in a stream) and 201,000 acre-feet cf recycled water. Gross diversions of record in some recent single years of ample water supply reportedly exceeded 1,800,000 acre-feet. Ground water, on the other hand is used on a relatively small scale, yearly pumpage being only about 150,000 acre-feet. The feasibility of exporting 600,000 acre-feet of Boise River water would depend on the availability of replacement water in the Boise Valley and on the availability of the required surface water in the South Fork of the Boise River at the proposed point of diversion to the Mountain Home project. In 6 of the 20 years, 1931-50, recorded diversions of live and return water from th2 Boise River exceeded the live flow at the Boise Diversion Dam by 3,865 to 107,640 acre-feet. Moreover, although the average residual discharge in the river post Notus was 701,000 acre-feet, in most years some river reaches above Notus were dry at times, owing to diversion of all water from the river. Much of the flow past Notus is surface waste and effluent ground water, which averages about 422,000 acre-feet a year. \r\n\r\nThe total of potential yearly ground water recharge in the Boise Valley, derived from precipitation, incoming underflow, and infiltration of irrigation water, is about 554,000 acre-feet in the feasible exchange-pumping area and areas tributary thereto. Identified and estimated consumptive depletion of ground water in the valley is about 230,000 acre-feet a year, but not all that depletion is within the exchange are","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1376","usgsCitation":"Nace, R.L., West, S.W., and Mowder, R., 1957, Feasibility of ground-water features of the alternate plan for the Mountain Home project, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1376, vii, 121 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm. + plates folded in pocket., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1376.","productDescription":"vii, 121 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm. + plates folded in pocket.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1376/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28311,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1376/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28312,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1376/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28313,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1376/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28314,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1376/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28315,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1376/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28316,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1376/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28317,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1376/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28318,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1376/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6f5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nace, Raymond L.","contributorId":93460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nace","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"West, S. W.","contributorId":104029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mowder, R.W.","contributorId":15590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mowder","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1347,"text":"wsp1415 - 1957 - Water resources of the Yadkin-Pee Dee River basin, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T21:34:27.121988","indexId":"wsp1415","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1415","title":"Water resources of the Yadkin-Pee Dee River basin, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Sufficient water is available in the basin of the Yadkin and Pee Dee Rivers to meet present requirements and those for many years to come if water use increases at about the present rate. Data presented in this report show that the average annual streamflow from approximately 82 percent of the basin area during the 25-year period, 1929-53, was about 6,200 mgd, representing essentially the total available water supply. Comparison of the available water supply to the estimated withdrawal use (excluding water power) of both surface and ground water of 600 mgd indicates the relative utilization of the water resources of the basin at present. If proper pollution controls are observed and practiced so that water in the various streams may be reused several times, the potential water available is even greater than indicated by the above comparison. Preliminary studies indicate that the quantity of water now being withdrawn from ground-water reservoirs in the basin is only a fraction of the total that may be obtained from this source.\r\n\r\nTwenty-eight of the 64 municipalities having public water-supply systems use surface water; however, as the largest cities in the area use surface supplies, about 85 percent of the water used for public supplies is from surface sources.\r\n\r\nOf the 20 complete-record stream-gaging stations now in operation in this area 7 have been in operation for 24 years or longer. Periodic measurements of the rate of flow have been made at 31 additional sites on streams scattered widely over the basin. All available streamflow data including those for 1953 are summarized in either graphic or tabular form, or both. Because of the critically low flows occurring during the drought of 1954, several illustrations include data for 1954 and the early months of 1955 for comparison with the minima of previous years.\r\n\r\nAdequate water for domestic use is available from wells throughout the basin. The consolidated rocks of the Piedmont furnish water for small industries and for municipalities whose population is less than about 1,500. The yields of wells in rock range from less than 1 gpm to as much as 200 gpm with local, rather than regional, geologic factors controlling the yield. The average municipal well in consolidated rocks yields about 30 gpm. In contrast, the sands of the Coastal Plain, in the eastern part of the basin, furnish as much as 500 gpm to individual wells, and ground-water conditions are generally similar throughout that region. A cumulative deficiency in rainfall from 1953 to 1955, has caused ground-water levels to fall below the seasonal averages, but the decline is thought not to indicate a long-term trend. The most serious problem involving future use of ground water is the lack of knowledge of the characteristics of the ground-water provinces in the basin.\r\n\r\nGenerally the chemical quality of the surface waters in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River basin is good. They are low in mineral matter and soft, although some of the surface water contains excessive quantities of iron. In some local areas the streams have been polluted by municipal and industrial wastes. During periods of high runoff many of the streams transport large quantities of suspended sediment. Tributary streams in the lower eastern part of the basin are highly colored because of drainage from swampy areas.\r\n\r\nGround water from the consolidated rocks in the Piedmont region is more variable in quality than water from other areas in the basin. The dissolved solids in water from the consolidated rocks ranged from 26 to 1,480 ppm with a median of 109 ppm. Wells in the Cretaceous clay province normally yield slightly acid waters. The pH ranges from 4.7 to 7.7 with a median of 5.3. Generally ground water in this province is extremely soft and low in dissolved solids. Wells in the Cretaceous sand province yield a sodium bicarbonate type of water ranging in hardness from 2 to 130 ppm.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1415","usgsCitation":"Fish, R.E., LeGrand, H.E., and Billingsley, G., 1957, Water resources of the Yadkin-Pee Dee River basin, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1415, Report: viii, 112 p.; 4 Plates: 15.50 x 15.78 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1415.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 112 p.; 4 Plates: 15.50 x 15.78 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26419,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1415/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1415/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26422,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1415/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26418,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1415/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26420,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1415/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26421,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1415/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410738,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24369.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Yadkin-Pee Dee River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.57421875,\n              33.87041555094183\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.98095703125,\n              33.742612777346885\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.54150390625,\n              33.96158628979907\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.11279296875,\n              34.50655662164561\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.77197265625,\n              34.903952965590065\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.92578124999999,\n              35.55010533588552\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.47509765625,\n              36.27970720524017\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.56298828125,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.73876953125,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              36.77409249464195\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.14501953125,\n              36.26199220445664\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.67236328125,\n              36.26199220445664\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.1337890625,\n              35.7286770448517\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.76025390625,\n              35.7286770448517\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.05712890625,\n              35.37113502280101\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.79345703125,\n              34.79576153473033\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.65087890624999,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.57421875,\n              33.87041555094183\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fish, Robert Eugene","contributorId":73982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeGrand, H. E.","contributorId":54571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeGrand","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Billingsley, G. A.","contributorId":33694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"G. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":3065,"text":"wsp1396 - 1957 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part XII, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"wsp1396","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1396","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part XII, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1396","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1957, Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part XII, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1396, ix, 333 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1396.","productDescription":"ix, 333 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1396/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29923,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1396/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6961e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4558,"text":"wsp1385 - 1957 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part III-A, Ohio River basin, Ohio River basin except Cumberland and Tennessee River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:51","indexId":"wsp1385","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1385","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part III-A, Ohio River basin, Ohio River basin except Cumberland and Tennessee River basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1385","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1957, Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part III-A, Ohio River basin, Ohio River basin except Cumberland and Tennessee River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1385, xii, 581 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1385.","productDescription":"xii, 581 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1385/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31615,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1385/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696248","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4563,"text":"wsp1398 - 1957 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part XIV, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:47","indexId":"wsp1398","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1398","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part XIV, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1398","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1957, Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part XIV, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1398, viii, 279 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1398.","productDescription":"viii, 279 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1398/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31620,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1398/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6961b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3691,"text":"cir398 - 1957 - Estimated use of water in the United States, 1955","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T16:12:16","indexId":"cir398","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"398","title":"Estimated use of water in the United States, 1955","docAbstract":"<p>The estimated withdrawal use of water in the United States during 1955 was about 740,000 mgd (million gallons per day). Withdrawal use of water requires that it be removed from the ground or diverted from a stream or lake. In this report it is divided into five types: public supplies, rural, irrigation, self-supplied industrial, and waterpower. Consumptive use of water is the quantity discharged to the atmosphere or incorporated in the products of the process in which it was used. Only a small part of the water withdrawn for industry was consumed, but as much as 60 percent of the water withdrawn for irrigation may have been consumed.</p><p>Of the water withdrawn in 1955 about 1,500,000 mgd was for generation of waterpower, and all other withdrawal uses amounted to only about 240,000 mgd. Surface-water sources supplied 194,000 mgd and groundwater sources supplied 46,000 mgd. The amount of water withdrawn in each State and in each of 19 geographic regions is given.</p><p>The quantity of water used without being withdrawn for such purposes as navigation, recreation, and conservation of fish and wildlife was not determined. The water surface area of the reservoirs and lakes used to store water for these purposes is sufficiently large that the evaporation from this source is greater than the quantity of water withdrawn for rural and public supplies.</p><p>The amount of water used for generation of waterpower has increased 36 percent since 1950. The largest increase, 43 percent, was in self-supplied industrial water. Rural use, excluding irrigation, decreased 31 percent.</p><p>The upper limit of our water supply is the average annual runoff, nearly 1,200, 000 mgd. The supply is depleted by the quantity of water consumed rather than by the quantity withdrawn. In 1955 about one-fourth of the water withdrawn was consumed. The amount thus consumed is about one-twentieth of the supply.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir398","usgsCitation":"MacKichan, K.A., 1957, Estimated use of water in the United States, 1955: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 398, ii, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir398.","productDescription":"ii, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0398/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30743,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0398/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKichan, Kenneth Allen","contributorId":70372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKichan","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4088,"text":"cir376 - 1957 - Computation of peak discharge at culverts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-17T13:13:21","indexId":"cir376","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"376","title":"Computation of peak discharge at culverts","docAbstract":"Methods for computing peak flood flow through culverts on the basis of a field survey of highwater marks and culvert geometry are presented. These methods are derived from investigations of culvert flow as reported in the literature and on extensive laboratory studies of culvert flow. For convenience in computation, culvert flow has been classified into six types, according to the location of the control section and the relative heights of the head-water and tail-water levels. The type of flow which occurred at any site can be determined from the field data and the criteria given in this report. A discharge equation has been developed for each flow type by combining the energy and continuity equations for the distance between an approach section upstream from the culvert and a terminal section within the culvert barrel. The discharge coefficient applicable to each flow type is listed for the more common entrance geometries. Procedures for computing peak discharge through culverts are outlined in detail for each of the six flow types.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir376","usgsCitation":"Carter, R.W., 1957, Computation of peak discharge at culverts: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 376, iv, 25 p. :ill. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir376.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. :ill. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":31186,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0376/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0376/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Rolland William","contributorId":107257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Rolland","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3671,"text":"cir378 - 1957 - Water resources of the San Francisco Bay area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"cir378","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"378","title":"Water resources of the San Francisco Bay area, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir378","usgsCitation":"Matthai, H.F., Back, W., Orth, R., and Brennan, R., 1957, Water resources of the San Francisco Bay area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 378, v, 55 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir378.","productDescription":"v, 55 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0378/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30714,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0378/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30715,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0378/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30716,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0378/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30717,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0378/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30718,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0378/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30719,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0378/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efabc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matthai, Howard Frederick","contributorId":100824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthai","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"Frederick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Back, William","contributorId":59007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orth, R.P.","contributorId":42582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orth","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brennan, Robert","contributorId":105695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":3734,"text":"cir400 - 1957 - History of land classification relating to waterpower and storage sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T21:32:44","indexId":"cir400","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"400","title":"History of land classification relating to waterpower and storage sites","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir400","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, F.F., Nordeen, C., and Pumphrey, H., 1957, History of land classification relating to waterpower and storage sites: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 400, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir400.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30795,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0400/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0400/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c03e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Fred Forrest","contributorId":93034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"Forrest","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordeen, C.E.","contributorId":46086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordeen","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pumphrey, H.L.","contributorId":75518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pumphrey","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":3807,"text":"cir399 - 1957 - Water resources summary for southern California, 1956","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:41","indexId":"cir399","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"399","title":"Water resources summary for southern California, 1956","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir399","usgsCitation":"Hofmann, W., and Peterson, W.C., 1957, Water resources summary for southern California, 1956: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 399, iii, 18 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir399.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0399/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30877,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1957/0399/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f01d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofmann, Walter","contributorId":30604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, W. C.","contributorId":57051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3062,"text":"wsp1341 - 1957 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part VII, Lower Mississippi River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"wsp1341","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1341","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part VII, Lower Mississippi River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1341","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1957, Surface water supply of the United States, 1954, Part VII, Lower Mississippi River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1341, x, 499 p. : tables ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1341.","productDescription":"x, 499 p. : tables ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1341/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29920,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1341/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69628e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4560,"text":"wsp1392 - 1957 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:51","indexId":"wsp1392","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1392","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1392","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1957, Surface water supply of the United States, 1955, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1392, x, 443 p. : ill., map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1392.","productDescription":"x, 443 p. : ill., map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1392/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31617,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1392/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6961d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22741,"text":"ofr5720 - 1957 - Salinity of water in the Delaware Estuary","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":22741,"text":"ofr5720 - 1957 - Salinity of water in the Delaware Estuary","indexId":"ofr5720","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Salinity of water in the Delaware Estuary"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1153,"text":"wsp1586B - 1962 - Salinity of the Delaware Estuary","indexId":"wsp1586B","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Salinity of the Delaware Estuary"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1153,"text":"wsp1586B - 1962 - Salinity of the Delaware Estuary","indexId":"wsp1586B","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Salinity of the Delaware Estuary"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:05","indexId":"ofr5720","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-20","title":"Salinity of water in the Delaware Estuary","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/ofr5720","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Cohen, B., 1957, Salinity of water in the Delaware Estuary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-20, 93 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5720.","productDescription":"93 p","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, Bernard","contributorId":45289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Bernard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22821,"text":"ofr5730 - 1957 - Progress report of hydrology and sedimentation in Bixler Run, Corey Creek, and Elk Run watersheds, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T20:59:46.865069","indexId":"ofr5730","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-30","title":"Progress report of hydrology and sedimentation in Bixler Run, Corey Creek, and Elk Run watersheds, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the results of an investigation in progress and presents some tentative findings from a study of hydrology and sedimentation of three small watersheds where soil conservation practices are being applied. The study was begun in April 1954, to determine precipitation, runoff, probable sources and yields of sediment, and channel changes in two small watersheds in Pennsylvania. This report covers the period April 1954, to September 30, 1955 with the exception of the aggradation-degradation range data which covers the period October 1954 to November 1956. The internal or time control method of calibration is being used for the Bixler Run watershed study, and an external control is being used in the Corey Creek study.</p><p>Precipitation on Bixler Run watershed was 47.33 inches for the 1955 water year. Total runoff was 14.08 inches and the suspended sediment yield was 1,143.3 tons or 76 tons per square mile of drainage area. Precipitation on Corey Creek watershed for the same period totaled 35.81 inches. The total runoff was 8.37 inches and the suspended-sediment yield was 713.0 tons or 58.2 tons per square mile of drainage area. The precipitation on Elk Run, external control watershed for the Corey Creek study was 34.54 inches. The runoff was 10.10 inches and the suspended sediment yield was 709.9 tons or 69.5 tons per square mile.</p><p>Results from the study of channel changes by means of sediment aggradation-degradation ranges showed fill in all three watersheds. Bixler Run showed an average channel fill of 1.3 square feet per stream cross section. Corey Creek and Elk Run watersheds showed average fills of 2.9 and 4.1 square feet per cross section respectively. Most of the sediments comprising this fill were in the particle size range of gravel and coarser material.</p><p>The water in all three watersheds was low in dissolved solids during the period of investigation, varying from 72 to 127 ppm in Bixler Run, from 58 to 130 ppm in Corey Creek, and from 58 to 117 ppm in Elk Run. These waters are essentially of the secondary alkaline type with calcium and magnesium bicarbonate being the main dissolved constituents.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","doi":"10.3133/ofr5730","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Culbertson, J., 1957, Progress report of hydrology and sedimentation in Bixler Run, Corey Creek, and Elk Run watersheds, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-30, iii, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5730.","productDescription":"iii, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155477,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr5730.PNG"},{"id":330297,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465502,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52766.htm","text":"Corey Creek and Elk Run watersheds","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465503,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52770.htm","text":"Bixier Run watershed","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Bixler Run Watershed, Corey Creek Watershed, Elk Run Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.0833,\n              41.8553\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0833,\n              41.7561\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9639,\n              41.7561\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9639,\n              41.8553\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0833,\n              41.8553\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.4972,\n              40.4214\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.4972,\n              40.3633\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.3833,\n              40.3633\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.3833,\n              40.4214\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.4972,\n              40.4214\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65df78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culbertson, J.K.","contributorId":11649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19919,"text":"ofr5766 - 1957 - Geology of the Cane Branch and Helton Branch watershed areas, McCreary County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T08:40:00","indexId":"ofr5766","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-66","title":"Geology of the Cane Branch and Helton Branch watershed areas, McCreary County, Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>Cane Branch and Helton Branch in McCreary County, Kentucky, are about 1.4 miles apart (fig. 1). Can Branch, which is about 2.1 miles long, emptied into Hughes Fork of Beaver Creek. Its watershed area of about 1.5 square miles lies largely in the Wiborf 7 1/2-minute quadrangle (SW/4 Cumberland Falls 15-minute quadrangle), but the downstream part of the area extends northward into the Hail 7 1/2-minute quadrangle (NW/4 Cumberland Falls 15-minute quadrangle). Helton Branch, which is about 1.1 miles long, has two tributaries and empties into Little Hurricane Fork of Beaver Creek. It drains an area of about 0.8 square mile of while about 0.5 square mile is in the Hail quadrangle and the remainder in the Wilborg quadrangle. The total relief in the Can Branch area is about 500 feet and in the Helton Branch area about 400 feet. Narrow, steep-sided to canyon-like valley and winding ridges, typical of the Pottsville escarpment region, are characteristic of both areas. Thick woods and dense undergrowth cover much of the two areas.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Field mapping was done on U.S. Geological Survey 7 1/2-minute maps having a scale of 1:24,000 and a contour interval of 20 feet. Elevations of lithologic contacts were determined with a barometer and a hand level. Aerial photographs were used principally to trace the cliffs formed by sandstone and conglomerate ledges. Exposures, except for those of the cliff- and ledge-forming sandstone and conglomerates, are not abundant. The most complete stratigraphic sections (secs. 3 and 4, fig. 2) in the two areas are exposed in cuts of newly completed Forest Service roads, but the rick in the upper parts of the exposures is weathered. To supplement these sections, additional sections were measured in cuts along the railroad and main highways in nor near the watersheds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5766","usgsCitation":"Lyons, E.J., 1957, Geology of the Cane Branch and Helton Branch watershed areas, McCreary County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-66, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5766.","productDescription":"7 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287391,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287390,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0066/report.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Mccreary County","otherGeospatial":"Helton Branch Watershed;Cane Branch Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.5,36.5 ], [ -84.5,37.0 ], [ -84.0,37.0 ], [ -84.0,36.5 ], [ -84.5,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db68323d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, Erwin J.","contributorId":87124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Erwin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16430,"text":"ofr57118 - 1957 - Riverbank erosion and ground-water conditions at Beaver, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:09","indexId":"ofr57118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-118","title":"Riverbank erosion and ground-water conditions at Beaver, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr57118","usgsCitation":"Waller, R.M., 1957, Riverbank erosion and ground-water conditions at Beaver, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-118, 7 p. :map ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr57118.","productDescription":"7 p. :map ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45391,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db5fffbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Roger Milton","contributorId":22320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"Milton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55751,"text":"ofr5713 - 1957 - Ground-water conditions in the Aberdeen-Columbus area, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-21T17:12:15.059309","indexId":"ofr5713","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-13","title":"Ground-water conditions in the Aberdeen-Columbus area, Mississippi","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr5713","usgsCitation":"Boswell, E.H., and Lang, J., 1957, Ground-water conditions in the Aberdeen-Columbus area, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-13, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5713.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369475,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0013/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Aberdeen-Columbus area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.604736328125,\n              33.46925353734004\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.31085205078125,\n              33.46925353734004\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.31085205078125,\n              33.87953701355924\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.604736328125,\n              33.87953701355924\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.604736328125,\n              33.46925353734004\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d35a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boswell, E. H.","contributorId":38954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lang, J.W.","contributorId":89593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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