{"pageNumber":"2624","pageRowStart":"65575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184582,"records":[{"id":70028855,"text":"70028855 - 2005 - Distribution, foraging behavior, and capture results of the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) in central Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028855","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution, foraging behavior, and capture results of the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) in central Oregon","docAbstract":"The spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) has been virtually unknown in Oregon despite the existence of potential habitat in many areas of the state. In 2002 and 2003 we searched for spotted bats along the John Day, Deschutes, and Crooked Rivers and at a remote dry canyon southeast of the city of Bend in central Oregon. The species was documented through the use of mist-nets, a bat detector, and recognition of audible spotted bat calls. Spotted bats were found at 11 locations in 6 Oregon counties. Nightly activity patterns of spotted bats were unpredictable. Spotted bats were found in 78% of search areas but on only 48% of survey nights. We observed spotted bats foraging above fields and low upland slopes adjacent to rivers and creeks and along the rims of cliffs. Estimated flying heights of spotted bats ranged from 3 m to 50 m aboveground. The species was difficult to capture and was captured only after considerable experimentation with methods and materials. Three spotted bats were captured toward the end of the project in 2003 and accounted for only 0.5% of all bats captured during the study. Although we attached radio transmitters to 2 spotted bats, we found no roost locations. We believe additional spotted bat surveys in Oregon are warranted, especially in higher-elevation habitats, but recommend that to increase their effectiveness, surveys accommodate the unique foraging behavior of the species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Rodhouse, T., McCaffrey, M., and Wright, R., 2005, Distribution, foraging behavior, and capture results of the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) in central Oregon: Western North American Naturalist, v. 65, no. 2, p. 215-222.","startPage":"215","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a031ee4b0c8380cd5034f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodhouse, T.J.","contributorId":10978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodhouse","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCaffrey, M.F.","contributorId":90095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffrey","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, R.G.","contributorId":9622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008126,"text":"1008126 - 2005 - Bufo boreas halophilus (California toad) and Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog)-amplexus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:37","indexId":"1008126","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bufo boreas halophilus (California toad) and Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog)-amplexus","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M., Crayon, J., and Hothem, R.L., 2005, Bufo boreas halophilus (California toad) and Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog)-amplexus: Herpetological Review, v. 36.","productDescription":"p. 53","startPage":"53","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa41d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, M.R.","contributorId":18296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crayon, J.J.","contributorId":91810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crayon","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1016587,"text":"1016587 - 2005 - [Book review] The quintessential companion for North American birders, by Christopher W. Leahy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-15T20:17:17","indexId":"1016587","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] The quintessential companion for North American birders, by Christopher W. Leahy","docAbstract":"Book review: The Birdwatcher’s Companion to North American Birdlife. Christopher W. Leahy. 2004. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 1039 pages. $39.50 (cloth).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"South Dakota State University","publisherLocation":"Brookings, SD","usgsCitation":"Igl, L., 2005, [Book review] The quintessential companion for North American birders, by Christopher W. Leahy: Prairie Naturalist, v. 37, no. 1, p. 53-55.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263201,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.sdstate.edu/nrm/organizations/gpnss/tpn/upload/37_1_Igl-Book-Review.pdf"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db641016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, L.D. 0000-0003-0530-7266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":13568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008113,"text":"1008113 - 2005 - Alien plant dynamics following fire in Mediterranean-climate California shrublands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T14:33:57.532542","indexId":"1008113","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alien plant dynamics following fire in Mediterranean-climate California shrublands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Over 75 species of alien plants were recorded during the first five years after fire in southern California shrublands, most of which were European annuals. Both cover and richness of aliens varied between years and plant association. Alien cover was lowest in the first postfire year in all plant associations and remained low during succession in chaparral but increased in sage scrub. Alien cover and richness were significantly correlated with year (time since disturbance) and with precipitation in both coastal and interior sage scrub associations. Hypothesized factors determining alien dominance were tested with structural equation modeling. Models that included nitrogen deposition and distance from the coast were not significant, but with those variables removed we obtained a significant model that gave an&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.60 for the response variable of fifth year alien dominance. Factors directly affecting alien dominance were (1) woody canopy closure and (2) alien seed banks. Significant indirect effects were (3) fire intensity, (4) fire history, (5) prefire stand structure, (6) aridity, and (7) community type. According to this model the most critical factor influencing aliens is the rapid return of the shrub and subshrub canopy. Thus, in these communities a single functional type (woody plants) appears to the most critical element controlling alien invasion and persistence. Fire history is an important indirect factor because it affects both prefire stand structure and postfire alien seed banks. Despite being fire-prone ecosystems, these shrublands are not adapted to fire per se, but rather to a particular fire regime. Alterations in the fire regime produce a very different selective environment, and high fire frequency changes the selective regime to favor aliens. This study does not support the widely held belief that prescription burning is a viable management practice for controlling alien species on semiarid landscapes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/04-1222","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., Baer-Keeley, M., and Fotheringham, C.J., 2005, Alien plant dynamics following fire in Mediterranean-climate California shrublands: Ecological Applications, v. 15, p. 2109-2125, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1222.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2109","endPage":"2125","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.20166015625,\n              32.685619853722\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.60937499999999,\n              32.685619853722\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.60937499999999,\n              34.65128519895413\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.20166015625,\n              34.65128519895413\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.20166015625,\n              32.685619853722\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baer-Keeley, M.","contributorId":7239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baer-Keeley","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fotheringham, C. J.","contributorId":63334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fotheringham","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008114,"text":"1008114 - 2005 - Factors affecting plant diversity during postfire recovery and succession of mediterranean-climate shrublands in California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-02T15:48:12.318916","indexId":"1008114","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting plant diversity during postfire recovery and succession of mediterranean-climate shrublands in California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Plant community diversity, measured as species richness, is typically highest in the early post-fire years in California shrublands. However, this generalization is overly simplistic and the present study demonstrates that diversity is determined by a complex of temporal and spatial effects. Ninety sites distributed across southern California were studied for 5&nbsp;years after a series of fires. Characteristics of the disturbance event, in this case fire severity, can alter post-fire diversity, both decreasing and increasing diversity, depending on life form. Spatial variability in resource availability is an important factor explaining patterns of diversity, and there is a complex interaction between landscape features and life form. Temporal variability in resource availability affects diversity, and the diversity peak in the immediate post-fire year (or two) appears to be driven by factors different from subsequent diversity peaks. Early post-fire diversity is influenced by life-history specialization, illustrated by species that spend the bulk of their life cycle as a dormant seed bank, which is then triggered to germinate by fire. Resource fluctuations, precipitation in particular, may be associated with subsequent post-fire diversity peaks. These later peaks in diversity comprise a flora that is compositionally different from the immediate post-fire flora, and their presence may be due to mass effects from population expansion of local populations in adjacent burned areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00200.x","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Fotheringham, C.J., and Baer-Keeley, M., 2005, Factors affecting plant diversity during postfire recovery and succession of mediterranean-climate shrublands in California, USA: Diversity and Distributions, v. 11, p. 535-537, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00200.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"537","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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J.","contributorId":63334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fotheringham","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baer-Keeley, Melanie","contributorId":27093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baer-Keeley","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008127,"text":"1008127 - 2005 - Clemmys marmorata (Pacific Pond Turtle) diet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:37","indexId":"1008127","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clemmys marmorata (Pacific Pond Turtle) diet","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M., and Hothem, R.L., 2005, Clemmys marmorata (Pacific Pond Turtle) diet: Herpetological Review, v. 36.","productDescription":"p. 56","startPage":"56","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672ba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, M.R.","contributorId":18296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70704,"text":"ofr20051173 - 2005 - Advancing migratory bird conservation and management by using radar: An interagency collaboration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T19:12:06.790608","indexId":"ofr20051173","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1173","title":"Advancing migratory bird conservation and management by using radar: An interagency collaboration","docAbstract":"<p>Migratory birds face many changes to the landscapes they traverse and the habitats they use. Wind turbines and communications towers, which pose hazards to birds and bats in flight, are being erected or proposed across the United States and offshore. Human activities can also destroy or threaten habitats critical to birds during migratory passage, and climate change appears to be altering migratory patterns. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and other agencies are under increasing pressure to identify and evaluate movement patterns and habitats used during migration and other times.</p>\n<p>Few tools for deciphering migratory travels exist, but radar-based studies of movements and habitat use patterns in songbirds, waterfowl, and bats hold promise. The U.S. system of over 150 Doppler weather radars provides continental coverage, similar to the scale of bird migration. Although data stored from weather radar represent perhaps the second largest biological data archive in the world, use of those data is currently limited to technically savvy biologists who can handle the obscure data formats. Complementary mobile radar units and thermal and acoustic monitoring are also used in site-specific studies. Efforts to advance bird conservation and management through the use of radar arose independently in several USFWS/USGS collaborations. Recently, this coalition of scientists and resource managers identified the need to work together more closely to foster radar-related research and software development.</p>\n<p>U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists at Fort Collins Science Center, National Wetlands Research Center, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, and Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, as well as USFWS Migratory Bird biologists across the country, are collaborating with university partners to develop a suite of products for managers. The goals are to identify migratory pathways and stopover sites for conservation, mitigation, and landscape planning; convey the importance of functional landscapes and unobstructed airspaces for migrating wildlife; enable use of radar by the wider biological, wind power, and related communities; and simplify the analysis of radar data. The long term focus is to use radar technologies to better understand movement patterns and habitat associations of migratory birds and other wildlife. Land managers and industry may use the knowledge and tools developed to optimize the siting of energy projects, other facilities, and migratory bird habitat projects.</p>\n<p>The complementary endeavors, not all of which are funded, concentrate on four fundamentals: (1) develop software, in collaboration with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) scientists, that enables biologists to access unfiltered weather data and integrate it into standard geographic information systems; (2) develop artificial intelligence-based filters that separate bird from nonbird radar echoes; (3) determine characteristics of bird migration in terms of altitude, speed and direction, daily movements, seasonality, and associations with habitats and landforms; and (4) examine specific movement patterns in relation to towers, wind generation facilities, and tall obstructions.</p>\n<p>Many technical issues make this work difficult, including complex data structures, massive data sets, digital recognition of birds, large areas not covered by weather radar, and model validation; however, progress will only be furthered by tackling the challenge. The new coalition will meets its goals by: (1) facilitating a productive collaboration with NOAA, Department of the Interior bureaus, state wildlife agencies, universities, power companies, and other potential partners; (2) building and strengthening scientific capabilities within USGS; (3) addressing key migratory bird management issues; and (4) ensuring full funding for the collaborative effort.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051173","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Ruth, J.M., Barrow, W., Sojda, R.S., Dawson, D.K., Diehl, R.H., Manville, A., Green, M.T., Krueper, D.J., and Johnston, S., 2005, Advancing migratory bird conservation and management by using radar: An interagency collaboration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1173, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051173.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320238,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1173/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":192755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051173.PNG"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6981dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruth, Janet M. 0000-0003-1576-5957 janet_ruth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-5957","contributorId":1408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"Janet","email":"janet_ruth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":1988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sojda, Richard S. sojda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"Richard","email":"sojda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diehl, Robert H. 0000-0001-9141-1734 rhdiehl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-1734","contributorId":3396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Robert","email":"rhdiehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Manville, Albert","contributorId":65558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manville","given":"Albert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Green, Michael T.","contributorId":55097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krueper, David J.","contributorId":103752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueper","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnston, Scott","contributorId":86864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":85650,"text":"85650 - 2005 - Diseases of tadpoles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-07T12:20:11","indexId":"85650","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7","title":"Diseases of tadpoles","docAbstract":"<p>This chapter is devoted to the diseases of anuran larvae that cause morbidity( illness) and mortality (death). The purpose of this chapter is to describe diseases that may be encountered in free-living tadpoles of the United States and Canada. Much of the information in this chapter comes from unpublished diagnostic examinations of amphibians done at the U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC). Many parasites infect amphibians, and with very few exceptions, these are clinically silent infections (produce no overt evidence of illness or death); accordingly, readers are referred to parasitology texts for a review of protozoan, helminthic and ectoparasitic organisms of amphibians (Flynn, 1973; Poynton and Whitaker, 2001). Diseases presented in this chapter are Ranaviral (iridovirus) infection Adenovirus infection Lucke frog herpesvirus Chytrid fungal infection Watermold infection (saprolegniasis) Coccidiosis Leeches Anchorworms</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Diseases: Landscape Epidemiology, Spatial Distribution, and Utilization of Remote Sensing Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Pennsylvania Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., and Green, D.E., 2005, Diseases of tadpoles, chap. 7 <i>of</i> Wildlife Diseases: Landscape Epidemiology, Spatial Distribution, and Utilization of Remote Sensing Technology, p. 72-88.","productDescription":"p. 72-88","startPage":"72","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15363,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0945809190","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4493.000000000000000"}],"country":"Canada, United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a457","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Majumdar, S.K.","contributorId":93419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majumdar","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504643,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, J.E.","contributorId":114005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504646,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenner, F.J.","contributorId":111614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504644,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panah, A.I.","contributorId":113671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panah","given":"A.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504645,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, D. E. 0000-0002-7663-1832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-1832","contributorId":58971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008117,"text":"1008117 - 2005 - Parasitism, productivity, and population growth: response of Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) to cowbird (Molothrus spp.) control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T15:41:54","indexId":"1008117","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2965,"text":"Ornithological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parasitism, productivity, and population growth: response of Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) to cowbird (Molothrus spp.) control","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cowbird (Molothrus spp.) control is a major focus of recovery-oriented management of two endangered riparian bird species,the Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus). During the past 20 years, annual trapping of cowbirds at Least Bell's Vireo and Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding sites has eliminated or reduced parasitism in comparison with pretrapping rates and, thereby, significantly increased seasonal productivity of nesting pairs. Enhanced productivity, in turn, has resulted in an 8-fold increase in numbers of Least Bell's Vireos; Southwestern Willow Flycatcher abundance, however, has changed little, and at some sites has declined despite cowbird control. Although generally successful by these short-term measures of host population response, cowbird control poses potential negative consequences for long-term recovery of endangered species. As currently employed, cowbird control lacks predetermined biological criteria to trigger an end to the control, making these species' dependence on human intervention open-ended. Prolonged reliance on cowbird control to manage endangered species can shift attention from identifying and managing other factors that limit populations--in particular, habitat availability. On the basis of our analysis of these long-term programs, we suggest that cowbird control be reserved for short-term crisis management and be replaced, when appropriate, by practices emphasizing restoration and maintenance of natural processes on which species depend. /// El manejo orientado hacia la recuperación de dos especies de aves ribereñas Vireo belli pusillus y Empidonax trailli extimus se ha focalizado principalmente en el control de los Molothrus spp parásitos. Durante los pasados 20 años, la captura anual de los Molothrus en las áreas de nidificación de Vireo belli pusillus y Empidonax trailli extimus ha eliminado o reducido el parasitismo en comparación con las tasas previas a la captura y, en consecuencia, ha incrementado significativamente la productividad estacional de las parejas reproductivas. Ese mejora en productividad, a su vez, ha resultado en que el número de Vireo belli pusillus se incrementara 8 veces. La abundancia de Empidonax trailli extimus en cambio, ha variado poco, e incluso en algunos sitios, se ha reducido a pesar del control de los Molothrus. Aunque aparentemente el control de Molothrus fue exitoso por los resultados obtenidos a corto plazo, el control de los Molothrus posee consecuencias potencialmente negativas para la recuperación a largo plazo de las especies en peligro. De la forma en que es actualmente aplicado, el control de los Molothrus carece de criterios biológicos predeterminados que permitan dejar de aplicarlo. Esto implica que las especies que se quiera proteger dependan eternamente de la intervención humana. El hecho de que que el manejo de las especies en peligro se base en la dependencia prolongada en el control de los Molothrus podría distraer la atención sobre la identificación y el manejo de otros factores que limitan dichas poblaciones-en particular, la disponibilidad de hábitat. Basándonos en nuestro análisis de estos programas a largo plazo, sugerimos que el control de Molothrus quede reservado para las crisis de manejo de corto plazo. Cuando fuera apropiado, es de esperar que dicho manejo sea reemplazado por prácticas enfatizadas hacia la restauración y el mantenimiento de los procesos naturales de los cuales esas especies en realidad dependen.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithologists' Union","doi":"10.2307/40166811","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., and Whitfield, M.J., 2005, Parasitism, productivity, and population growth: response of Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) to cowbird (Molothrus spp.) control: Ornithological Monographs, v. 57, p. 16-27, https://doi.org/10.2307/40166811.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6891cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, Barbara E. 0000-0002-3679-3044 barbara_kus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3679-3044","contributorId":3026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"Barbara E.","email":"barbara_kus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitfield, Mary J.","contributorId":174933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitfield","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85649,"text":"85649 - 2005 - Diseases of salamanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-07T12:22:56","indexId":"85649","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Diseases of salamanders","docAbstract":"<p>Few diseases are reported in salamanders. Two notable exceptions are infections by Ranavirus and <i>Ichthyophonus</i>. Except for mortality events associated with ranaviruses in tiger salamanders (<i>Ambystoma tigrinum</i>) and spotted salamanders (<i>A. maculatum</i>), dieoffs of salamanders are rarely detected or reported. Diseases presented in this chapter are those encountered in free-living salamanders of the United States and Canada. A few additional diseases that are occasionally seen in captive and zoo animals have been reviewed by Green (2001). This chapter on Diseases of Salamanders will address five common infectious diseases of free-living larval and adult salamanders: Ranavirus (iridovims) infection, chytrid fungal infection, ichthyophoniasis, <i>Clinostomum metacercaria</i>, chiggers. Many helminthic parasites infect salamanders, but with few exceptions, these infections are unlikely to cause illness (morbidity) or death (mortality). Readers are referred to parasitology texts for a review of protozoan, helminthic and ectoparasitic organisms of amphibians (Flynn, 1973; Poynton and Whitaker, 2001).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife diseases: Landscape epidemiology, spatial distribution and utilization of remote sensing technology","language":"English","publisher":"The Pennsylvania Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","isbn":"978-0945809197","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., and Green, D.E., 2005, Diseases of salamanders, chap. 9 <i>of</i> Wildlife diseases: Landscape epidemiology, spatial distribution and utilization of remote sensing technology, p. 118-130.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15362,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0945809190","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4492.000000000000000"}],"country":"Canada, United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a4a3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Majumdar, S.K.","contributorId":93419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majumdar","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504639,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, J.E.","contributorId":114005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504642,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenner, F.J.","contributorId":111614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504640,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panah, A.I.","contributorId":113671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panah","given":"A.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504641,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, D. E. 0000-0002-7663-1832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-1832","contributorId":58971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81473,"text":"81473 - 2005 - Role of lake-wide prey fish survey in understanding ecosystem dynamics and managing fisheries of Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:51","indexId":"81473","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Role of lake-wide prey fish survey in understanding ecosystem dynamics and managing fisheries of Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"With this study, the role of this lake-wide prey fish survey in both understanding the dynamics of the Lake Michigan ecosystem and managing Lake Michigan fisheries was documented.  The complexity of ecosystems is such that long-term study is required before the dynamics of the ecosystem can be understoond.  Furthermore, long-term observation is needed before important or meaningful questions about ecosystem dynamics can be asked.  My approach is to first illustrate, by example, the usefulness of the survey results in providing insights into the dynamics of the Lake Michigan ecosystem.  Then, examples of direct application of the survey results toward Lake Michigan fisheries management are presented.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"State of Lake Michigan: Ecology, Health, and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society","publisherLocation":"New Delhi","isbn":"817898458X","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., 2005, Role of lake-wide prey fish survey in understanding ecosystem dynamics and managing fisheries of Lake Michigan, chap. <i>of</i> State of Lake Michigan: Ecology, Health, and Management, p. 293-309.","productDescription":"p. 293-309","startPage":"293","endPage":"309","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cc0b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Edsall, T.","contributorId":8792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504155,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munawar, M.","contributorId":79835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munawar","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504156,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008401,"text":"1008401 - 2005 - Morphometry, gross morphology and available histopathology in North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) mortalities (1970 to 2002)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T13:15:43","indexId":"1008401","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2203,"text":"Journal of Cetacean Research and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphometry, gross morphology and available histopathology in North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) mortalities (1970 to 2002)","docAbstract":"Fifty-four right whale mortalities have been reported from between Florida, USA and the Canadian Maritimes from 1970 to 2002. Thirty of those animals were examined: 18 adults and juveniles, and 12 calves. Morphometric data are presented such that prediction of body weight is possible if the age, or one or more measurements are known. Calves grew approximately linearly in their first year. Total length and fluke width increased asymptotically to a plateau with age, weight increased linearly with age, weight and snout to blowhole distance increased exponentially with total length, whereas total length was linearly related to fluke width and flipper length. Among the adults and juveniles examined in this study, human interaction appeared to be a major cause of mortality, where in 14/18 necropsies, trauma was a significant finding. In 10/14 of these, the cause of the trauma was presumed to be vessel collision. Entanglement in fishing gear accounted for the remaining four cases. Trauma was also present in 4/12 calves. In the majority of calf mortalities (8/12) the cause of death was not determined. Sharp ship trauma included propeller lacerations inducing multiple, deep lacerations that often incised vital organs including the brain, spinal cord, major airways, vessels and musculature. Blunt ship trauma resulted in major internal bruising and fractures often without any obvious external damage. In at least two cases fatal gear entanglements were extremely protracted: where the entanglements took at least 100 and 163 days respectively to be finally lethal. The sum of these findings show two major needs: (1) that extinction avoidance management strategies focused on reducing trauma to right whales from ship collisions and fishing gear entanglement are highly appropriate and need to be continued and; (2) that as mitigation measures continue to be introduced into shipping and fishing industry practices, there is a strong effort to maximise the diagnostic quality of post-mortem examination of right whale mortalities, to ensure an optimal understanding of resultant trends.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Cetacean Research and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Moore, M., Knowlton, A., Kraus, S., McLellan, W., and Bonde, R., 2005, Morphometry, gross morphology and available histopathology in North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) mortalities (1970 to 2002): Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, v. 6, no. 3, p. 199-214.","startPage":"199","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268029,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.whoi.edu/people/mmoore/JNL_234.pdf"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, M.J.","contributorId":27000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowlton, A.R.","contributorId":88301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowlton","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraus, S.D.","contributorId":16373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLellan, W.A.","contributorId":94246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLellan","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70182129,"text":"70182129 - 2005 - Genetic differences between sea-ranched and wild steelhead in survival and growth in the hatchery and seaward migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T14:28:15","indexId":"70182129","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Genetic differences between sea-ranched and wild steelhead in survival and growth in the hatchery and seaward migration","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S., Reisenbichler, R., Hensleigh, J., Wetzel, L., and Baker, B., 2005, Genetic differences between sea-ranched and wild steelhead in survival and growth in the hatchery and seaward migration.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c83be4b025c4642862d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, S.","contributorId":181837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, R.","contributorId":81291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hensleigh, J.","contributorId":181838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hensleigh","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wetzel, L.","contributorId":9086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, B.","contributorId":63595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70182131,"text":"70182131 - 2005 - Investigating passage of ESA-listed juvenile fall Chinook salmon at Lower Granite Dam during winter when the fish bypass system is not operated. Annual report 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T14:38:16","indexId":"70182131","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Investigating passage of ESA-listed juvenile fall Chinook salmon at Lower Granite Dam during winter when the fish bypass system is not operated. Annual report 2004","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., and Connor, W., 2005, Investigating passage of ESA-listed juvenile fall Chinook salmon at Lower Granite Dam during winter when the fish bypass system is not operated. Annual report 2004.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c83ae4b025c4642862cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.T.","contributorId":178378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connor, W.P.","contributorId":98090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008345,"text":"1008345 - 2005 - Plot shape effects on plant species diversity measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T15:38:05","indexId":"1008345","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plot shape effects on plant species diversity measurements","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Abstract. </strong><strong>Question: </strong>Do rectangular sample plots record more plant species than square plots as suggested by both empirical and theoretical studies?</p><p><strong>Location: </strong>Grasslands, shrublands and forests in the Mediterranean-climate region of California, USA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared three 0.1-ha sampling designs that differed in the shape and dispersion of 1-m<sup>2</sup> and 100-m<sup>2</sup> nested subplots. We duplicated an earlier study that compared the Whittaker sample design, which had square clustered subplots, with the modified Whittaker design, which had dispersed rectangular subplots. To sort out effects of dispersion from shape we used a third design that overlaid square subplots on the modified Whittaker design. Also, using data from published studies we extracted species richness values for 400-m<sup>2</sup> subplots that were either square or 1:4 rectangles partially overlaid on each other from desert scrub in high and low rainfall years, chaparral, sage scrub, oak savanna and coniferous forests with and without fire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that earlier empirical reports of more than 30% greater richness with rectangles were due to the confusion of shape effects with spatial effects, coupled with the use of cumulative number of species as the metric for comparison. Average species richness was not significantly different between square and 1:4 rectangular sample plots at either 1- or 100-m<sup>2</sup>. Pairwise comparisons showed no significant difference between square and rectangular samples in all but one vegetation type, and that one exhibited significantly greater richness with squares. Our three intensive study sites appear to exhibit some level of self-similarity at the scale of 400 m<sup>2</sup>, but, contrary to theoretical expectations, we could not detect plot shape effects on species richness at this scale.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At the 0.1-ha scale or lower there is no evidence that plot shape has predictable effects on number of species recorded from sample plots. We hypothesize that for the mediterranean-climate vegetation types studied here, the primary reason that 1:4 rectangles do not sample greater species richness than squares is because species turnover varies along complex environmental gradients that are both parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of rectangular plots. Reports in the literature of much greater species richness recorded for highly elongated rectangular strips than for squares of the same area are not likely to be fair comparisons because of the dramatically different periphery/area ratio, which includes a much greater proportion of species that are using both above and below-ground niche space outside the sample area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02362.x","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., and Fotheringham, C.J., 2005, Plot shape effects on plant species diversity measurements: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 16, p. 249-256, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02362.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684e5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fotheringham, C. J.","contributorId":63334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fotheringham","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182545,"text":"70182545 - 2005 - Drought monitoring techniques for famine early warning systems in Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T11:09:30","indexId":"70182545","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Drought monitoring techniques for famine early warning systems in Africa","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monitoring and predicting agricultural drought— A global study","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Rowland, J., Verdin, J., Adoum, A., and Senay, G., 2005, Drought monitoring techniques for famine early warning systems in Africa, chap. <i>of</i> Monitoring and predicting agricultural drought— A global study, p. 252-264.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"252","endPage":"264","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338356,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/monitoring-and-predicting-agricultural-drought-9780195162349?cc=us&lang=en&"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b1543fe4b01ccd54fc5ebf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Boken, V.K.","contributorId":182465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boken","given":"V.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671519,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cracknell, A.P.","contributorId":182466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cracknell","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671520,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heathcote, R.L.","contributorId":182467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heathcote","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671521,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Rowland, James D. 0000-0003-4837-3511","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":182398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowland","given":"James D.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adoum, A.","contributorId":182464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adoum","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182544,"text":"70182544 - 2005 - Perspectives on the use of land-cover data for ecological investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T11:07:43","indexId":"70182544","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Perspectives on the use of land-cover data for ecological investigations","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Issues and perspectives in landscape ecology","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511614415.014","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T., Gallant, A.L., and Vogelmann, J., 2005, Perspectives on the use of land-cover data for ecological investigations, chap. <i>of</i> Issues and perspectives in landscape ecology, p. 120-128, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614415.014.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"120","endPage":"128","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15440e4b01ccd54fc5ec1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wiens, J.","contributorId":81846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671513,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moss, M.","contributorId":182463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moss","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671514,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":23508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":16604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008479,"text":"1008479 - 2005 - The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Proceedings of a Symposium held in Norman, Oklahoma, USA, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T16:17:50","indexId":"1008479","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":697,"text":"Alytes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Proceedings of a Symposium held in Norman, Oklahoma, USA, 2004","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alytes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"2005, The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Proceedings of a Symposium held in Norman, Oklahoma, USA, 2004: Alytes, v. 22, no. 3-4, p. 165-167.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"167","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68347e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K.","contributorId":35698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505759,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70455,"text":"fs20053021 - 2005 - Taking the pulse of Colorado's Front Range: Developing regional indicators of environmental and quality of life condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-31T13:41:28","indexId":"fs20053021","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3021","title":"Taking the pulse of Colorado's Front Range: Developing regional indicators of environmental and quality of life condition","docAbstract":"<p>Indicators are routinely used to report the status and trends of human health, economy, educational achievement, and quality of life. Some environmental indicators, such as for water and air quality, are routinely reported and used to inform personal, management, or policy decisions. Other environmental indicators, particularly those that do not relate directly to human well-being, have been harder to define, interpret, or use. These indicators may be just as useful and important in describing the ability to provide ecosystem good and services, or less tangible quality of life measures, but they may be suspect because of the quality of data or even the source of the information.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20053021","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., 2005, Taking the pulse of Colorado's Front Range: Developing regional indicators of environmental and quality of life condition: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3021, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053021.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3021.jpg"},{"id":320269,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70454,"text":"fs20053032 - 2005 - Integrated fire science in the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T14:48:40","indexId":"fs20053032","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3032","title":"Integrated fire science in the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"<p>Fire is an important ecological process that has helped shape western landscapes. Wildfire suppression and other management practices may have altered historic fire regimes in ecosystems adapted to frequent, low-severity fires. Compounding this problem is the encroachment of homes into fire-prone areas.</p>\n<p>Fire affects a number of abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems, and had many economic and social ramifications. The full range of consequences, however, remains poorly understood.</p>\n<p>To implement sound fire management, managers require improved understanding of fire effects on public lands. Although the importance of fire to ecosystem function is widely recognized, wildfire science has not been fully integrated into management actions.</p>\n<p>An interdisciplinary approach is essential to integrate and evaluate tradeoffs among fire management policies and practices.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20053032","usgsCitation":"Kotliar, N.B., 2005, Integrated fire science in the Rocky Mountains: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3032, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053032.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121140,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3032.jpg"},{"id":320256,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3032/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db6915ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kotliar, Natasha B.","contributorId":23116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"Natasha","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79559,"text":"ofr20051349 - 2005 - Public access management as an adaptive wildlife management tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T12:34:38","indexId":"ofr20051349","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1349","title":"Public access management as an adaptive wildlife management tool","docAbstract":"<p>Wildlife populations across the United States are benefiting from improved wildlife management techniques. However, these benefits also create new challenges including overpopulation, disease, increased winter kill, and forage degradation. These issues have become the challenges for natural resource managers and landowners. Specifically, elk (Cervus elaphus) populations in the Gunnison River Valley of Colorado are growing and causing increased resource damage on public and private lands. On public lands elk threaten sage grouse habitat and compete with domestic livestock for available forage; on private lands they diminish available livestock forage. Management of elk and elk habitat in this area is a shared responsibility of the NPS (Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park and Curecanti National Recreation Area), BLM (Uncompahgre Field Office), USFS (Gunnison National Forest), and the CDOW (Colorado Division of Wildlife). All of these agencies participate in this research and adaptive management project.</p>\n<p>One key issue in the Black Mesa &ndash; Black Canyon area is the interaction between motorized vehicles and. The working hypothesis for this study is that early season elk movement onto private lands and the National Park is precipitated by increased use of Off Highway Vehicles (OHV&rsquo;s). Data on intensity of motorized use is extremely limited. In this study, we monitor intensity of motorized vehicle and trail use on elk movements and habitat usage and analyze interactions. If management agencies decide to alter accessibility, we will monitor wildlife responses to changes in the human-use regime. This provides a unique opportunity for adaptive management experimentation based on coordinated research and monitoring. The products from this project will provide natural resource managers across the nation with tools and information to better meet these resource challenges.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051349","usgsCitation":"Ouren, D.S., and Watts, R.D., 2005, Public access management as an adaptive wildlife management tool: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1349, iii, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051349.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051349.PNG"},{"id":320253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1349/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655f21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ouren, Douglas S. ourend@usgs.gov","contributorId":1931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouren","given":"Douglas","email":"ourend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, Raymond D.","contributorId":105713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":73303,"text":"fs20053132 - 2005 - Cottonwood in the Missouri Breaks National Monument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T14:40:11","indexId":"fs20053132","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3132","title":"Cottonwood in the Missouri Breaks National Monument","docAbstract":"<p>Concerns about cottonwood along the Wild and Scenic reach of the upper Missouri River include declining forests of sparse old trees with little recruitment of new individuals, impacts of cattle crazing and recreational use, and effects of flow alterations from operation of upstream dams and changes in tributary inflows.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20053132","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Scott, M.L., Frazier, J., Krause, C., and Merigliano, M.F., 2005, Cottonwood in the Missouri Breaks National Monument: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3132, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053132.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3132.jpg"},{"id":320243,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Missouri Breaks National Monument","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47afe4b07f02db49bf67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frazier, Joseph","contributorId":169655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frazier","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":286367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krause, Chad","contributorId":169656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krause","given":"Chad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":286365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merigliano, Michael F.","contributorId":24211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merigliano","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":72490,"text":"ofr20051353 - 2005 - User manual for Blossom statistical package for R","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-22T10:50:30","indexId":"ofr20051353","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1353","title":"User manual for Blossom statistical package for R","docAbstract":"Blossom is an R package with functions for making statistical comparisons with distance-function based permutation tests developed by P.W. Mielke, Jr. and colleagues at Colorado State University (Mielke and Berry, 2001) and for testing parameters estimated in linear models with permutation procedures developed by B. S. Cade and colleagues at the Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey. This manual is intended to provide identical documentation of the statistical methods and interpretations as the manual by Cade and Richards (2005) does for the original Fortran program, but with changes made with respect to command inputs and outputs to reflect the new implementation as a package for R (R Development Core Team, 2012). This implementation in R has allowed for numerous improvements not supported by the Cade and Richards (2005) Fortran implementation, including use of categorical predictor variables in most routines.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051353","usgsCitation":"Talbert, M., and Cade, B.S., 2005, User manual for Blossom statistical package for R (Originally posted 2005; Revised August 8, 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1353, Pamphlet: iv, 81 p.; Comprehensive R Archive Network; Blossom Fortran Version for Windows: 124 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051353.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 81 p.; Comprehensive R Archive Network; Blossom Fortran Version for Windows: 124 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051353.jpg"},{"id":13839,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1353/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":276254,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1353/pdf/OF2005-1353.pdf"},{"id":276255,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://lib.stat.cmu.edu/R/CRAN/"},{"id":276256,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1353/pdf/BlossomFortranVersionOF2005-1353.pdf"}],"edition":"Originally posted 2005; Revised August 8, 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6040ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbert, Marian mtalbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":5180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Marian","email":"mtalbert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":285732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008363,"text":"1008363 - 2005 - Fuel reduction and woody debris dynamics with early season and late season prescribed fire in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T19:27:35.725314","indexId":"1008363","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fuel reduction and woody debris dynamics with early season and late season prescribed fire in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id9\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id10\"><p>Fire exclusion has led to an unnatural accumulation and greater spatial continuity of organic material on the ground in many forests. This material serves both as potential fuel for forest fires and habitat for a large array of forest species. Managers must balance fuel reduction to reduce wildfire hazard with fuel retention targets to maintain other forest functions. This study reports fuel consumption and changes to coarse woody debris attributes with prescribed burns ignited under different fuel moisture conditions. Replicated early season burn, late season burn, and unburned control plots were established in old-growth mixed conifer forest in Sequoia National Park that had not experienced fire for more than 120 years. Early season burns were ignited during June 2002 when fuels were relatively moist, and late season burns were ignited during September/October 2001 when fuels were dry. Fuel loading and coarse woody debris abundance, cover, volume, and mass were evaluated prior to and after the burns. While both types of burns reduced fuel loading, early season burns consumed significantly less of the total dead and down organic matter than late season burns (67% versus 88%). This difference in fuel consumption between burning treatments was significant for most all woody fuel components evaluated, plus the litter and duff layers. Many logs were not entirely consumed – therefore the number of logs was not significantly changed by fire – but burning did reduce log length, cover, volume, and mass. Log cover, volume, and mass were reduced to a lesser extent by early season burns than late season burns, as a result of higher wood moisture levels. Early season burns also spread over less of the ground surface within the burn perimeter (73%) than late season burns (88%), and were significantly patchier. Organic material remaining after a fire can dam sediments and reduce erosion, while unburned patches may help mitigate the impact of fire on fire-sensitive species by creating refugia from which these species can recolonize burned areas. Early season burns may be an effective means of moderating potential ecosystem damage when treating heavy and/or continuous fuels resulting from long periods of fire exclusion, if burning during this season is not detrimental to other forest functions.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.016","usgsCitation":"Knapp, E.E., Keeley, J., Ballenger, E., and Brennan, T.J., 2005, Fuel reduction and woody debris dynamics with early season and late season prescribed fire in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 208, no. 1-3, p. 383-397, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.016.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"397","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sequoia National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.8446044921875,\n              36.27527883184338\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.2568359375,\n              36.27527883184338\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.2568359375,\n              36.712467243386264\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.8446044921875,\n              36.712467243386264\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.8446044921875,\n              36.27527883184338\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"208","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b43e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knapp, E. E.","contributorId":54938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballenger, E. A.","contributorId":65802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballenger","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brennan, T. J. 0000-0002-0646-3298","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0646-3298","contributorId":17572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1016382,"text":"1016382 - 2005 - Tree species and size structure of old-growth Douglas-fir forests in central western Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T19:28:26.321566","indexId":"1016382","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree species and size structure of old-growth Douglas-fir forests in central western Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>We characterized the structure of 91 old-growth forests dominated by Douglas-fir (</span><i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i><span>&nbsp;(Mirb.) Franco), using inventory data from recent (1985–1991) old-growth timber sales in western Oregon. The data were complete counts (i.e., censuses) of all live trees &gt;20</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>cm diameter at breast height (dbh, measured at 1.4</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m above the ground) over a mean area of 17.1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>ha at each site. Across all sites, Douglas-fir accounted for 79% of the total basal area (m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/ha) of all species. The average density of trees &gt;100</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>cm dbh was 19</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>trees/ha and 90% of these trees were Douglas-fir. Species other than Douglas-fir constituted only about 20% of the total basal area at each old-growth site, on average, but largely accounted for the structural variation between sites. We used multivariate techniques such as cluster analysis, indicator species analysis, and ordination with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) to identify and characterize six structural groups in terms of basal area in different species–diameter classes. Almost 97% of the structural information was captured by the first (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.841) and second (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.128) NMS ordination axis. Geographic information systems (GIS) analysis and NMS indicated that the structural differences among groups of sites were associated with moisture, temperature, and elevation gradients within the study area. This type of analysis can be used to help define differences among old-growth forests and to set local structural goals for growing forests with old-growth characteristics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2004.09.012","usgsCitation":"Poage, N., and Tappeiner, J.C., 2005, Tree species and size structure of old-growth Douglas-fir forests in central western Oregon, USA: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 204, no. 2-3, p. 329-343, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.09.012.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"343","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.5849609375,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.99267578124999,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.99267578124999,\n              46.14939437647686\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5849609375,\n              46.14939437647686\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5849609375,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"204","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poage, Nathan","contributorId":99950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poage","given":"Nathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tappeiner, J. C. II","contributorId":103235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappeiner","given":"J.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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