The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is an impartial scientific organization that strives to produce scientific results that are relevant to the people of the United States and their land and resource managers. USGS does not improve the quality of its customers' lives; it provides the informational tools for American Indians, Alaska Natives, and other customers to understand and improve their own lives.
In cooperation with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, the USGS conducts research on water and mineral resources, animals and plants of environmental, economic, or subsistence importance, natural hazards, and geologic resources. Digital data on cartography, mineral resources, stream flows, biota, and other data sets are available to American Indian and Alaska Native institutions. The USGS recognizes the need to learn from and share knowledge with Native peoples. This report describes most of the activities that the USGS conducted with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, educational institutions, and individuals during Federal Fiscal Year 2000. Some of these USGS activities were conducted in concert with the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Others were conducted by Tribes and the USGS.
In the year 2000, the USGS began examining its activities related to American Indians and Native Alaskans to determine how it can better serve these customers within its mandates. More Tribal governments, educational institutions, and other Tribal organizations are using geographic information systems and other digital technologies in recent years. As Tribes become more interested and more adept at managing digital information, they are seeking such data from the USGS with greater frequency. The increasing use of such technologies allows Tribal governments additional means of managing lands and resources for the benefit of current and future generations. The USGS recognizes the need to make its information available to Tribal governments, and to work with those governments and other institutions to advance data management capabilities.
The USGS is responding to this need by increasing the transfer of scientific information to American Indian and Alaska Native governments and by training employees of these governments to conduct and improve scientific studies. The USGS is also encouraging American Indians and Alaska Natives to pursue careers in science, and seeking ways to hire Indian and Native students. By identifying, improving, and disseminating information about available hiring mechanisms, the USGS is working to make hiring such students easier, and therefore more likely, for USGS managers.
The U.S. Geological Survey is the Federal science bureau within the Department of the Interior (DoI). The USGS is non-regulatory and is not a significant manager of Federal or Trust lands or assets. However, there are two types of USGS activities that do involve American Indians, Alaska Natives, and their lands. The first type of activity is the course of formal studies, conducted through existing USGS programs, that involve collection of specific types of data as well as investigative and research projects. These projects have a duration of two or three years, although a few are parts of longer-term activities. Some are funded through cooperative agreements or reimbursable accounts, from monies provided to the USGS by individual Tribal governments or by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). The USGS provides matching funds for cooperative projects. These formal projects may also receive funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Indian Health Service (part of the Department of Health and Human Services), or other Federal agencies. The USGS routinely works with its sister bureaus in the Department of the Interior to provide the scientific information and expertise needed to meet the Department's science priorities. Within this context, the USGS and the Bureau of Indian Affairs are cooperating to use USGS knowledge for the benefit of American Indian and Native peoples and their lands.
The second type of USGS activity is less formal, based on initiatives designed and conducted by USGS employees. Frequently involving educational activities, these endeavors are prompted by employee interests, often as collateral issues, that result from an individual or group of USGS employees identifying and responding to an observed need. In these activities, USGS employees help us fulfill a mission of the USGS, to make science relevant, while helping their fellow citizens. USGS employees have also taken the initiative to assist American Indians and Alaska Natives through participation in several organizations that were created to foster knowledge of science among Native peoples and to help build support and communication networks. One such group is the American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES). This group sponsors an annual national meeting in which USGS employees participate. USGS employees join this organization on a voluntary basis, paying the costs themselves, yet bringing the benefits of this expanded network to the USGS, as many employees do with other professional organizations.
Each part of the USGS has identified an American Indian/Alaska Native liaison. As USGS moves to a more regional organizational structure, it will establish contacts in the Western, Central, and Eastern Regions. Within the USGS, this report will help in developing outreach, educational, and program documents for use in future years. It is hoped that USGS employees, American Indians, and Alaska Natives will adapt these activities in new areas and will use the USGS contacts to expand the relevance of the USGS to more Americans.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70038037","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2000, xi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70038037.","productDescription":"xi, 57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038037/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038037/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bba52e4b08c986b3280e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70231299,"text":"70231299 - 2000 - Integration of a numerical model and remotely sensed data to study urban/rural land surface climate processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-05T15:58:48.077773","indexId":"70231299","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-20T10:53:14","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of a numerical model and remotely sensed data to study urban/rural land surface climate processes","docAbstract":"Simulation of urban/rural land surface climate processes using boundary layer climate models requires accurate input data with regard to surface thermal and radiative properties. The research reported here resulted in development of a procedure to integrate the satellite-derived surface biophysical parameters with a boundary layer climate model for simulating spatial surface energy exchange.
The procedure was tested through spatial surface energy balance simulation of an urban/rural landscape in eastern Nebraska. The modeled surface temperature and net radiation were compared to those derived from the concurrent satellite data. The errors of the modeled surface temperature were small, and were mainly attributed to uncertainties in the estimation of surface moisture availability and satellite-derived surface radiant temperature. Modeled net radiation was also in agreement with the values calculated from satellite data. Modeled turbulent heat fluxes were in general agreement as compared to those reported in the literature, but the model tended to overestimate the latent heat flux for most rural land cover types. It was concluded that by incorporation of satellite-derived surface physical parameters into a boundary layer model, simulation of spatial land surface climate processes was much improved. The method and procedures developed from this study can be utilized in other boundary layer climate models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(99)00124-7","usgsCitation":"Yang, L., 2000, Integration of a numerical model and remotely sensed data to study urban/rural land surface climate processes: Computers & Geosciences, v. 26, no. 4, p. 451-468, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(99)00124-7.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"468","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","city":"Lincoln, Omaha","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.97357177734375,\n 40.69521661351714\n ],\n [\n -95.82824707031249,\n 40.69521661351714\n ],\n [\n -95.82824707031249,\n 41.498292501398545\n ],\n [\n -96.97357177734375,\n 41.498292501398545\n ],\n [\n -96.97357177734375,\n 40.69521661351714\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159719,"text":"70159719 - 2000 - Elk, beaver, and the persistence of willows in national parks: comment on Singer et al. (1998).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T15:01:30","indexId":"70159719","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-28T04:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elk, beaver, and the persistence of willows in national parks: comment on Singer et al. (1998).","docAbstract":"Singer et al. (1998) propose that the decline in populations of beaver (Castor canadensis) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) has caused willow to be more vulnerable to browsing by clk (Alces alces). I do not believe that their scenario correctly characterizes the relationship between elk and willow in YNP
\nThe authors developed their hypothesis based on 2 sets of observations. One was an experiment that compared willow growth in YNP to that in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP). Current annual growth was clipped from plants at 0%, 50%, and 100% levels in each of 4 years (1992–1995). From RMNP plants in 1 exclosure were used (Beaver Meadows); in YNP plants in 3 exclosures were treatcd (Junction Butte, Lamar East, and Lamar West; L.C. Zeigenfuss, personal communication). A second set of observations, which included additional sites in RMNP measured the growth and stature of browsed and unbrowsed plants.
\nSinger et al. (1998) reported response to the clipping experiment in their Table 5. Even under the most severe clipping treatments, willow height and annual production were maintained in RMNP willows but declincd in YNP willows. Willows in RMNP responded to the 50% clipping treatment by increasing the level of chemical defenses (tannins and phenolics), whereas the chemical defenses of YNP willows remained relatively constant. The authors surmised that 1) enhanced vigor may enable a plant's terminal leader to grow out of ungulates' reach and 2) increased production of chemical defenses may deter herbivory.
\nSinger et al. (1998) concluded that the betweenpark differences were directly related to better growing conditions in RMNP compared to YNP The better growing conditions in RMNP were attributed to: 1) higher effective precipitation, 2) more beaver activity, 3) more beaver dams in drainages, and 4) higher water tables near streamsides. There are several reasons the experiment conducted by Singer et al. (1998) does not support these conclusions.
\n\n
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","usgsCitation":"Keigley, R., 2000, Elk, beaver, and the persistence of willows in national parks: comment on Singer et al. (1998).: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, no. 2, p. 448-450.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"448","endPage":"450","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.1651611328125,\n 44.044167353572185\n ],\n [\n -111.1651611328125,\n 45.09679146394738\n ],\n [\n -109.57763671875,\n 45.09679146394738\n ],\n [\n -109.57763671875,\n 44.044167353572185\n ],\n [\n -111.1651611328125,\n 44.044167353572185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.01531982421875,\n 40.0360265298117\n ],\n [\n -106.01531982421875,\n 40.62854560636587\n ],\n [\n -105.369873046875,\n 40.62854560636587\n ],\n [\n -105.369873046875,\n 40.0360265298117\n ],\n [\n -106.01531982421875,\n 40.0360265298117\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf4be4b0112df6c62e13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keigley, R.B.","contributorId":85115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keigley","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159713,"text":"70159713 - 2000 - Effect of browsing on willow in the Steel Creek grazing allotment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-18T10:43:37","indexId":"70159713","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-09T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Effect of browsing on willow in the Steel Creek grazing allotment","docAbstract":"
The Steel Creek drainage serves as both wildlife range (primarily moose and elk) and as a livestock grazing allotment. For some years there has been concern about the effect of browsing on willows. Dense clusters of twigs have formed at the end of branches; entire stems of some plants have died. As of 1996, the relative impacts attributable to each of the ungulate species had not been documented.
\nIn 1997 a study was begun to determine: a) the current level of browsing, b) the history of past browsing pressure, and c) the relative roles of the different ungulate species. All areas surveyed in 1997 were found to be 100% intensely browsed as measured by the methods described in Keigley and Frisina (1998). A reconstructed history of aspen browsing indicated that browsing pressure increased sometime in the mid-1980s (Keigley and Frisina 1998: pp. 122-124). The intense aspen browsing occurred east of the Steel Creek Ranger Station in an area in which all livestock have been excluded for several years, thus indicating that wildlife were responsible. While the 1997 study indicated that wildlife had a significant impact on browse condition, no data were collected that documented the potential impact of livestock within grazed areas, or the combined impact of livestock and wildlife.
\nIn 1998 we began a study of browsing impacts in the Steel Creek grazing allotment. The objectives of the study were to:
\n1. Determine willow growth potential,
\n2. Document the effect of browsing,
\n3. Document the response of willows to protection from browsing,
\n4. Determine the amount consumed each year,
\n5. Distinguish between the impacts of livestock and wildlife, and
\n6. Evaluate the consistency of the measurement methods.
\nView upstream from the study area. Salix geyerriana is the dominant willow species. Salix drummondiana and S. Boothii are less common; older individuals of both species grow to about 2-m tall. Salix bebbiana is much less common, and where present, is browsed close to ground level. The carcass of an old Bebb willow that had attained typical stature is located near the study area. Beaver are absent. The remains of relic beaver dams indicate that beaver were once an important hydrologic influence.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Statewide browse evaluation project: Report no. 1","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks","usgsCitation":"Keigley, R., and Gale, G., 2000, Effect of browsing on willow in the Steel Creek grazing allotment, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":311483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Beaverhead/Deerlodge National Forest, Steel Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.82110595703125,\n 45.22848059584359\n ],\n [\n -113.82110595703125,\n 46.337447097476925\n ],\n [\n -112.35443115234375,\n 46.337447097476925\n ],\n [\n -112.35443115234375,\n 45.22848059584359\n ],\n [\n -113.82110595703125,\n 45.22848059584359\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf4ae4b0112df6c62e0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keigley, R.B.","contributorId":85115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keigley","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gale, Gil","contributorId":149959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gale","given":"Gil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224109,"text":"5224109 - 2000 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5224109,"text":"5224109 - 2000 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)","indexId":"5224109","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5224108,"text":"5224108 - 2000 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999","indexId":"5224108","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":5224108,"text":"5224108 - 2000 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999","indexId":"5224108","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T17:39:35","indexId":"5224109","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)","docAbstract":"This is the first of three stations along the Patuxent River. Elevation here at the edge of the Piedmont ranges from 265 ft at the house to 160 ft at the river. In spite of easterly winds and heavily overcast skies from Hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene, we suffered from drought all summer, not rain. We had only about two inches each in June and July, 4.55 in August, then a whopping 16.03 in September, and a normal 3.46 in October. This station operates all day on weekends, but only before and after work on other days. Net-hours were 5% above the 26-year mean of 3655, but way down from last year because other commitments kept me out of town on several weekends. I had only 14 days when I could net all day. Although the most birds were banded on opening day, the most per net-hour were on 19 and 15 October and 23 September.
The nets caught 26 returns from prior years, the oldest being a seven-year-old Blue Jay and a seven-year-old cardinal. To illustrate how biased a sample one can obtain from netting, I captured only one junco in the nets, but caught 47 of them in baited traps on our deck. Other species taken only in the traps (and not included in the totals) were Mourning Dove, Chipping Sparrow, House Finch, Pine Siskin, and American Goldfinch.
","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., 2000, Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765): North American Bird Bander, v. 25, no. 2, p. 63-63.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17195,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Prince George's County","city":"Laurel","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5fec94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224041,"text":"5224041 - 2000 - Breeding season demography and movements of Eastern Towhees at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-09T16:45:43.128975","indexId":"5224041","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding season demography and movements of Eastern Towhees at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina","docAbstract":"The Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) has undergone population declines across much of its range, especially in New England. Despite being a widespread and, at one time, a common species, relatively little is known about its natural history, ecology, or demographics. We conducted baseline research on Eastern Towhees at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, in 1995 and 1996 to estimate breeding season survival rates, nest success rates, breeding densities, and daily movements. We also were interested in whether towhees had differences in survival and movement rates between young and mature managed pine stands. We found that survival rates during the breeding season of radio-marked towhees did not vary by sex or stand type. Daily nest success rates were very low [0.629 ± 0.088 (SE)] as a result of high predation levels. Abundance estimates adjusted for sampling effort differed between years. In 1995, the abundance estimate was significantly lower in mature stands (7.1 ± 0.47) than in young stands (9.6 ± 0.60) while in 1996, there was no different between mature stands (26.2 ± 5.67) and young stands (16.5 ± 3.39). Average daily movements by radio-marked towhees did not vary by sex or stand type. Movements among adjacent stands were common, and sometimes great distances.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/0043-5643(2000)112[0243:BSDAMO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D.G., and Powell, L.A., 2000, Breeding season demography and movements of Eastern Towhees at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 112, no. 2, p. 243-248, https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2000)112[0243:BSDAMO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479090,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/242754","text":"External Repository"},{"id":199466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Savannah River, Savannah River Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.45675659179688,\n 32.706422286395664\n ],\n [\n -81.38809204101562,\n 32.71913249723243\n ],\n [\n -81.40182495117188,\n 32.84382741262935\n ],\n [\n -81.48147583007812,\n 32.966043055036586\n ],\n [\n -81.48422241210938,\n 33.03744943602074\n ],\n [\n -81.6064453125,\n 33.116849834921005\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 33.17089311052488\n ],\n [\n -81.74652099609375,\n 33.20996748987798\n ],\n [\n -81.88796997070312,\n 33.364943593285545\n ],\n [\n -81.88522338867188,\n 33.461234144932305\n ],\n [\n -82.02804565429688,\n 33.606613375388086\n ],\n [\n -82.12417602539062,\n 33.60546961227188\n ],\n [\n -82.12692260742188,\n 33.58030298537655\n ],\n [\n -82.02392578125,\n 33.49445251114959\n ],\n [\n -81.97174072265625,\n 33.43831750748322\n ],\n [\n -81.968994140625,\n 33.354620418436255\n ],\n [\n -81.86874389648438,\n 33.237538907121575\n ],\n [\n -81.76025390625,\n 33.12950124445052\n ],\n [\n -81.63253784179688,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -81.529541015625,\n 32.99484290420988\n ],\n [\n -81.54052734375,\n 32.94414888814148\n ],\n [\n -81.46636962890625,\n 32.811515885384395\n ],\n [\n -81.45675659179688,\n 32.706422286395664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb43b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, David G. 0000-0002-5661-4541 dkrementz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-4541","contributorId":2827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"David","email":"dkrementz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Larkin A.","contributorId":198829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Larkin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224108,"text":"5224108 - 2000 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5224109,"text":"5224109 - 2000 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)","indexId":"5224109","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5224108,"text":"5224108 - 2000 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999","indexId":"5224108","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":5224110,"text":"5224110 - 2000 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","indexId":"5224110","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5224108,"text":"5224108 - 2000 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999","indexId":"5224108","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T17:37:11","indexId":"5224108","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999","docAbstract":"In a slight reorganization, the Mount Nebo station in the mountains of western Maryland near Oakland was moved to Region III (Western Ridge), in exchange for Lakeshore Estates in Leon County, Florida, which we welcome to Region IV. This was the year of the hurricane in Region IV, with the majority of stations commenting on summer drought, persistent easterly winds, or hurricanes. Nine of the ten stations that operated in both 1998 and 1999 banded fewer birds in the 1999 season, the notable exception being Chino Farms, which jumped from 5193 to 8225 birds and also had a 3% increase in birds per 100 net-hours. Summing across these ten stations: 27,911 birds were banded in 1998, 24,753 in 1999, a decrease of 11%. (Net-hours are not available for all sites for 1998). Yellow-rumped Warbler was again the most commonly banded, followed again by Common Yellowthroat (which was among the top ten species at all sites except Lakeshore Estates at Tallahassee), and with the American Goldfinch a surprise in third place.
","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., 2000, Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: North American Bird Bander, v. 25, no. 2, p. 60-67.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"67","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17194,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669550","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224110,"text":"5224110 - 2000 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5224110,"text":"5224110 - 2000 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","indexId":"5224110","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5224108,"text":"5224108 - 2000 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999","indexId":"5224108","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":5224108,"text":"5224108 - 2000 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999","indexId":"5224108","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T17:38:16","indexId":"5224110","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","docAbstract":"Fall 1999 was among the poorest seasons in this banding station's 20 years of operation. Record high capture totals were set for only two species: Ruby-throated Hummingbird (41 individuals captured, none banded; previous high 21) and White-breasted Nuthatch (two individuals banded; previous high, one). The only other species that stood out as being unusually numerous was Blackpoll Warbler, for which the banding total (33 birds) was the highest since 1988. Bandings of several species (Red-eyed Vireo, Tennessee Warbler, Nashville Warbler, Ovenbird, Hooded Warbler, Canada Warbler, Eastern Towhee, and Field Sparrow) were at record lows, and bandings of many other species were below the long-term (1980-1998) mean.
The number of species banded was also below the long-term mean of 86 species, and tied the previous low. Possible contributing factors included drought conditions in Maryland and elsewhere in the East, which may have influenced nesting productivity and migration dates for some species; Hurricanes Dennis and Floyd, which influenced East Coast weather through much of September; the unprecedented scarcity of Hercules' Club (Aralia spinosa) fruits at the banding station; and occasional visits by a gray fox, which reduced operation of some nets in October and November. A season highlight was the August capture of 37 Red-eyed Vireos banded at this station in previous years, including a bird banded in August 1989. These are almost certainly locally nesting birds that feed on the abundant fruits of Viburnum dentatum in the powerline right-of-way in late summer.
Regular assistants at the banding station included Woody Martin, Susie Michaelson, Jane Nicolich, Gemma Radko, Jack Saba, Julie Tomita, and Laurie Walter. Danny Bystrak and Mary Gustafson each served as bander-in-charge on several mornings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Dawson, D.K., 2000, Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764): North American Bird Bander, v. 25, no. 2, p. 63-63.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17196,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Prince George's County","city":"Laurel","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c78e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223945,"text":"5223945 - 2000 - Influence of inner-continental shelf geologic framework on the evolution and behavior of the barrier-island system between Fire Island Inlet and Shinnecock Inlet, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T11:15:29","indexId":"5223945","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:41","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of inner-continental shelf geologic framework on the evolution and behavior of the barrier-island system between Fire Island Inlet and Shinnecock Inlet, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"High-resolution, sea-floor mapping techniques, including sidescan-sonar and subbottom profiling, were used to investigate how the geologic framework of the inner-continental shelf influenced the Holocene evolution and modern behavior of the Fire Island barrier-island system, Long Island, New York. The inner-continental shelf off Long Island is divided into two physiographic provinces by a broad outcrop of Cretaceous coastal-plain strata offshore of Watch Hill; this outcrop was part of a subaerial headland during the Holocene marine transgression. Erosion of the headland during transgression furnished sediment to the inner-continental shelf downdrift to the west. The sediment was, in turn, reworked by oceanographic processes into a series of shoreface-attached sand ridges. The oldest (~1200 yr BP) and most stable part of the barrier-island system is immediately landward of the outcropping coastal-plain strata and thickest sand ridges. East of Watch Hill, Pleistocene sediment either is exposed on the inner-continental shelf or is buried by a veneer of modern reworked sediment. Here the barrier-island system has migrated landward at a faster rate than the segment west of Watch Hill and has been breached by numerous historic inlets. Because the Pleistocene sedimentary deposit is generally of uniform thickness throughout the study area and unconformably overlies the Cretaceous coastal-plain strata, both the Holocene and historical evolution of the Fire Island barrier-island system are controlled by the physiography of this regional unconformity. In particular, the shoreface-connected sand ridges appear to be a significant source of sediment to the western portion of Fire Island. Previous attempts to develop a sediment budget for this coastal system have failed to explain volumetric discrepancies, primarily because poor assumptions were made about the nature of sediment transport in the system. A more realistic sediment budget must include a significantly larger spatial scale, including sediment input from the inner-continental shelf.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Thieler, E., Allen, J., Foster, D., Swift, B., and Denny, J.F., 2000, Influence of inner-continental shelf geologic framework on the evolution and behavior of the barrier-island system between Fire Island Inlet and Shinnecock Inlet, Long Island, New York: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 2, p. 408-422.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"422","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345482,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4300050"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island Inlet, Long Island, Shinnecock Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.8775634765625,\n 40.55972134684838\n ],\n [\n -71.268310546875,\n 40.55972134684838\n ],\n [\n -71.268310546875,\n 41.335575973123916\n ],\n [\n -73.8775634765625,\n 41.335575973123916\n ],\n [\n -73.8775634765625,\n 40.55972134684838\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dcb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, J.R.","contributorId":16955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, D.S.","contributorId":30641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swift, B.A.","contributorId":32937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Denny, J. F.","contributorId":13653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5223934,"text":"5223934 - 2000 - Patterns of colony-site use and disuse in saltmarsh-nesting Common and Roseate terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:36","indexId":"5223934","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of colony-site use and disuse in saltmarsh-nesting Common and Roseate terns","docAbstract":"Nearly all previous studies of saltmarsh-nesting Common Terns on the east coast of the United States have concluded that tidal saltmarshes were suboptimal or marginal breeding habitats. Questioning that conclusion, we analyzed patterns of both saltmarsh and nonmarsh colony use (stability, movement, establishment, abandonment, and size) obtained during 5 yr of annual helicopter censuses of all Common and Roseate terns breeding on Long Island, New York. We found 1900-3600 pairs at 10-33 saltmarsh and 22-30 nonmarsh sites; there were few biologically important differences between Common Terns nesting at marsh and at nonmarsh sites. We did find that (1) marsh sites and colony sizes increased through the study period; (2) both marsh and nonmarsh colonies grew with duration of occupancy; (3) smaller marsh and nonmarsh colonies (<50 pairs) usually lasted only 12 yr, while larger colonies were equally likely to persist for 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 yr; (4) numbers of marsh and nonmarsh sites used each year were generally unrelated to population sizes; (5) 5yr sites composed only 10.6% of total marsh and 17.6% of total nonmarsh sites; (6) the mean sizes of both newly established and about-to-be-abandoned colonies were smaller than the mean sizes of all others when averaged between but not within years; (7) most previously occupied sites, once abandoned, remained so for only 1 yr, and most new sites were occupied for only a single year; (8) annual turnover rates were 32%-49% for both marsh and nonmarsh sites; (9) marsh and nonmarsh breeding populations were correlated each year, allowing estimation of the total Long Island population to within +4% by censusing only the 20-25% in saltmarshes. Roseate Tern data were few, especially in marshes, obviating marsh-nonmarsh comparisons, except that Roseates failed to persist in saltmarshes, and their overall mean colony sizes across the same numbers of years' occupancy were usually smaller than Commons', although their turnover rates were roughly the same. We conclude that saltmarsh-nesting Common Terns are well adapted to marsh nesting and that they have probably been doing so for perhaps hundreds of generations. We hypothesize that it may have been a relict population of saltmarsh-nesters that saved the species from extirpation in the late 1800s. In contrast, Roseate Tern's failure to exploit extensive saltmarsh habitat seems yet another factor abetting its precarious status in northeastern North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"5499_Buckley.pdf","usgsCitation":"Buckley, P.A., and Buckley, F.G., 2000, Patterns of colony-site use and disuse in saltmarsh-nesting Common and Roseate terns: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 71, no. 2, p. 356-369.","productDescription":"356-369","startPage":"356","endPage":"369","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17124,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1648%2F0273-8570%282000%29071%5B0356%3APOCSUA%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckley, P. A.","contributorId":69264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckley, F. G.","contributorId":73319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223912,"text":"5223912 - 2000 - Mixed-function oxygenases, oxidative stress, and chromosomal damage measured in lesser scaup wintering on the Indiana Harbor Canal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T15:48:32.170441","indexId":"5223912","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixed-function oxygenases, oxidative stress, and chromosomal damage measured in lesser scaup wintering on the Indiana Harbor Canal","docAbstract":"During the winter of 1993-1994, male lesser scaup (Aythya alfinis) were collected on the heavily polluted Indiana Harbor Canal, East Chicago, Indiana, and examined for several bioindicators of chemical exposure. Livers were analyzed for activities of three cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenases and four measures of oxidative stress. Blood and spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry for chromosomal damage. In a concurrent study, scaup tissues were analyzed for organic and inorganic contaminants. Ethoxyresomfm-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity in livers of scaup collected in January 1994 was significantly higher than in livers of scaup collected in March 1994 or in livers of reference birds. Three hepatic monooxygenase activities were each significantly correlated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in scaup carcasses. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) activity in scaup livers was positively correlated with iron, boron, and lead concentrations in livers and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in carcasses. TBA activity was negatively correlated with protein-bound thiol activity and mercury concentrations in livers. The coefficient of variation of DNA content in scaup blood cells was correlated with PAH concentrations in scaup carcasses. This is the first field study with birds to demonstrate a correlation between liver monooxygenase activity and carcass PAH concentrations and to show a direct correlation between PAH concentrations in tissues and somatic chromosomal damage in blood.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449910068","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Custer, C.M., Hines, R.K., Sparks, D.W., Melancon, M.J., Hoffman, D.J., Bickham, J., and Wickliffe, J., 2000, Mixed-function oxygenases, oxidative stress, and chromosomal damage measured in lesser scaup wintering on the Indiana Harbor Canal: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 38, no. 4, p. 522-529, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449910068.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"529","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"East Chicago","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Harbor Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.47194290161133,\n 41.64726212881368\n ],\n [\n -87.47082710266113,\n 41.64617179063613\n ],\n [\n -87.46662139892578,\n 41.64886553378951\n ],\n [\n -87.46533393859863,\n 41.64796763191941\n ],\n [\n -87.46344566345215,\n 41.64886553378951\n ],\n [\n -87.46370315551758,\n 41.65091783392825\n ],\n [\n -87.44215965270996,\n 41.66547446105099\n ],\n [\n -87.43846893310547,\n 41.66278141246732\n ],\n [\n -87.43280410766602,\n 41.66752623198858\n ],\n [\n -87.43606567382812,\n 41.67265537326585\n ],\n [\n -87.43821144104004,\n 41.680348318915975\n ],\n [\n -87.42576599121094,\n 41.68945045006041\n ],\n [\n -87.44997024536133,\n 41.68451494720322\n ],\n [\n -87.44791030883789,\n 41.68291242979089\n ],\n [\n -87.44585037231445,\n 41.67816874433983\n ],\n [\n -87.4434471130371,\n 41.672398925907906\n ],\n [\n -87.44396209716797,\n 41.66791093176007\n ],\n [\n -87.47288703918457,\n 41.64803176818231\n ],\n [\n -87.47194290161133,\n 41.64726212881368\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. 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W.","contributorId":99926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bickham, J. W.","contributorId":87483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bickham","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wickliffe, J.K.","contributorId":69093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickliffe","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":5222380,"text":"5222380 - 2000 - Seasonal distribution of bird populations at the Patuxent Research Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5222380","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:28","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal distribution of bird populations at the Patuxent Research Refuge","docAbstract":"A detailed study of seasonal changes in bird populationswas made at the Patuxent Research Refuge, located between Bowie and Laurel, Maryland during the years 1936-1949. The history of the Refuge is reviewed and its physical and biological characteristlcs summarized.. The methods of study used during the investigation mcluded: periodic censuses of a representative 304-acre study area over a two-year period; a census of the breeding population of the entire. Refuge during one year; detailed population studies of representative habitats during the breeding season; censuses of the wintering population of. the entire Refuge during two years; general surveys of wintering populations for seven years; and general observations of seasonal changes in bird populatlons over a fourteen-year period, including data from an extensive banding program and from many special types of censuses. The phenology of the Refuge is described in conslderable detail throughout the year, with special attention given to major fluctuatIons in bIrd populations as correlated with climatic changes and with seasonal aspectlon. of the vegetation. The component specIes of birds m the more important migration waves are listed. Figures approximating the Refuge breeding and wmtering populations are given, while indices representing the relative abundance of bird populations, based on figures from the two-year seasonal populatlon study, were obtained for the entire year. The greatest variety of species as well as the greatest number of individuals occurred on the Refuge during the migration .periods in spring and fall, the variety of species being slightly higher in spring than in fa!l, while the population of individuals was considerably higher in fall. Wmtering and breeding populations were low and relatively stable compared to the populations at other seasons.The ecological affinities of the bird populations differed greatly from one season to another. Species characteristic of edge habitats were much more numerous in winter, while forest species were predominant in summer. Insectivorous species comprised a large proportion (40 to 60 percent) of the total population during the warmer months, but were of minor importance in winter. The greatest number of species of birds on the Refuge occurred during the population peaks of insectivorous species, while the largest number of individuals was found during the population peaks of omnivorous and herbivorous species. The population peaks of insectivorous species were found to occur much later in spring and considerably earlier in fall than the. corresponding peaks of omnivorous and herbivorous species. The Fringillidae contributed the greatest number of individuals in winter, while the Parulidae was the most important family (numerically) in summer. Water birds and marsh birds were relatively unimportant throughout the year, due to the scarcity of suitable habitats. Permanent resident species were found to vary from about one-fifth to slightly less than one-half of the total population throughout the year, although many individuals of these species were either transients or part-time residents. Summer residents and winter residents were more abundant than permanent residents during their respective periods of occurrence. During the greater part of the migration period, transient species were found to comprise only 10 to 20 percent of the total population. transient individuals of all species would account for a much larger proportion of the population at this time. After comparing the results of these investigations with similar studies in other areas, it is believed that the seasonal population changes on the Patuxent Research Refuge are fairly representative of those occurring throughout the Middle Atlantic and East-central States. Yearly variations in seasonal population changes are described and the causative factors indicated, when known. Of these, food supply and weather conditions were generally the m","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"414_Stewart.pdf","usgsCitation":"Stewart, R.E., Cope, J., Robbins, C., and Brainerd, J., 2000, Seasonal distribution of bird populations at the Patuxent Research Refuge: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21, no. 2, p. 257-363.","productDescription":"229. (abstract PWA051)","startPage":"257","endPage":"363","numberOfPages":"107","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16612,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/2422265","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, R. E.","contributorId":93426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, J.B.","contributorId":77254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brainerd, J.W.","contributorId":49883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brainerd","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5211099,"text":"5211099 - 2000 - Habitat management for wintering American Woodcock in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5211099","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Habitat management for wintering American Woodcock in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"Although much information has been gathered on American woodcock (Scolopax minor) wintering east of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, that information has not been compiled into a single source assembled for land managers. The objectives of this paper are to pose a few important questions that should be addressed before implementing a land management plan and to briefly review some of the management options available to managers that are interested in helping woodcock. The primary focus is on timber management because a sound timber management plan, it is believed, will be advantageous to wintering woodcock.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":" PDF on file: see 5684_McAuley.pdf 8.8 MB","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D., 2000, Habitat management for wintering American Woodcock in the southeastern United States, chap. of Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium, p. 50-54.","productDescription":"viii, 117","startPage":"50","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64958e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G. dmcauley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcauley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":507609,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruggink, John G.","contributorId":34990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruggink","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507610,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepik, Greg F.","contributorId":100055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepik","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507611,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5211077,"text":"5211077 - 2000 - Early avian research at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina: historical highlights and possibilities for the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5211077","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Early avian research at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina: historical highlights and possibilities for the future","docAbstract":"Avian biology and collection of baseline population data was a major part of the first decade (1951-1961) of field research at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Baseline inventories involving organisms and land-use types were part of the mission in the early contracts between the Atomic Energy Commission (now the Department of Energy) and the University of Georgia prior to the establishment of the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) as a National Environmental Research Park Laboratory. About 27% of the SREL publications during this first decade dealt with birds. Since that time, research on the SRS landscape has expanded and broadened with less than 10% of the publications dealing with birds. SRS changed also from an agriculturally dominated area with ca. 40% open areas (fields, crops, pastures) to a timber-managed area with ca. 80% forests, 12% open areas, and 2% open water impoundments. Baseline breeding bird populations of the SRS in the 1950s were typical for the region with avian species richness and density increasing with the age and succession of the vegetation (0-26 species and densities of 0-741 pairs/km2 for the habitats surveyed). During the first decade at the SRS, the resident game bird population of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) increased and the Mourning Dove (Zenaida rnacroura) population, a migratory upland game bird, remained stable. Current avian research efforts, as well as new opportunities to reexamine the breeding bird populations and the landscape of SRS, will provide a better understanding of the potential causes of declines of neotropical migratory birds, declines of resident and migratory game birds, and how habitat influences invasions and extinctions of breeding birds in the region. Emphasis for future research and monitoring should be on neotropical migratory bird populations in decline (Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus; Eastern Wood-Pewee, Contopus virens; Wood Thrush, Hylocichla mustelina; Prairie Warbler, Dendroica discolor; and Painted Bunting, Passerina ciris), resident species in decline (e.g., Loggerhead Shrike, Lanius ludovicianus), certain species groups (e.g., waterfowl and wading birds), important habitat, and recent invasions and extinctions of breeding species. Old growth forested wetlands should be monitored because of the large number of neotropical migratory birds that depend on this habitat in the southeastern United States. A variety of survey techniques will be needed to determine population trends: line transects, call or song playbacks, roadside point surveys (call counts for game birds), aerial surveys, and presence or absence of species within stratified areas of SRS. The SRS provides opportunity for avian research at the landscape level with the potential to solve problems important to the survival of many bird populations as well as to increase our knowledge on how to manage and conserve our avian natural resources for the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avian Research as the Savannah River Site: Model for integrating basic research and long-term management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"This SAB has a combined Literature Cited section. PDF on file: 5586_Meyers.pdf","usgsCitation":"Meyers, J., and Odum, E., 2000, Early avian research at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina: historical highlights and possibilities for the future, chap. of Avian Research as the Savannah River Site: Model for integrating basic research and long-term management, p. 18-31.","productDescription":"170","startPage":"18","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"170","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c269","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dunning, John B.= Jr.","contributorId":111902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.=","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507587,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilgo, John C.","contributorId":112955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgo","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507588,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odum, E.P.","contributorId":43890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211035,"text":"5211035 - 2000 - Temporal and geographic patterns in population trends of brown-headed cowbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5211035","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Temporal and geographic patterns in population trends of brown-headed cowbirds","docAbstract":"The temporal and geographic patterns in the population trends of Brown-headed Cowbirds are summarized from the North American Breeding Bird Survey. During 1966-1992, the survey-wide population declined significantly, a result of declining populations in the Eastern BBS Region, southern Great Plains, and the Pacific coast states. Increasing populations were most evident in the northern Great Plains. Cowbird populations were generally stable or increasing during 1966-1976, but their trends became more negative after 1976. The trends in cowbird populations were generally directly correlated with the trends of both host and nonhost species, suggesting that large-scale factors such as changing weather patterns, land use practices, or habitat availability were responsible for the observed temporal and geographic patterns in the trends of cowbirds and their hosts.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and management of cowbirds and their hosts: studies in the conservation of North American passerine birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Texas Press","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","collaboration":"Proceeding of North American Research Workshop on the Ecology and Management of Cowbirds, Austin, Texas Nov. 4-5, 1993, the Nature Conservancy. OCLC: 41108554 PDF on file: 5463_Peterjohn.pdf","usgsCitation":"Peterjohn, B., Sauer, J., and Schwarz, S., 2000, Temporal and geographic patterns in population trends of brown-headed cowbirds, chap. of Ecology and management of cowbirds and their hosts: studies in the conservation of North American passerine birds, p. 21-34.","productDescription":"ix, 388","startPage":"21","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, S.","contributorId":84052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211048,"text":"5211048 - 2000 - Landscape associations of frog and toad species in Iowa and Wisconsin, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5211048","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Landscape associations of frog and toad species in Iowa and Wisconsin, U.S.A","docAbstract":"Landscape habitat associations of frogs and toads in Iowa and Wisconsin were tested to determine whether they support or refute previous general habitat classifications. We examined which Midwestern species shared similar habitats to see if these associations were consistent across large geographic areas (states). Rana sylvatica (wood frog), Hyla versicolor (eastern gray treefrog), Pseudacris crucifer (spring peeper), and Acris crepitans (cricket frog) were identified as forest species, P. triseriata (chorus frog), H. chrysoscelis (Cope's gray treefrog), R. pipiens (leopard frog), and Bufo americanus (American toad) as grassland species, and R. catesbeiana (bullfrog), R. clamitans (green frog), R. palustris (pickerel frog), and R. septentrionalis (mink frog) as lake or stream species. The best candidates to serve as bioindicators of habitat quality were the forest species R. sylvatica, H. versicolor, and P. crucifer, the grassland species R. pipiens and P. triseriata, and a cold water wetland species, R. palustris. Declines of P. crucifer, R. pipiens, and R. palustris populations in one or both states may reflect changes in habitat quality. Habitat and community associations of some species differed between states, indicating that these relationships may change across the range of a species. Acris crepitans may have shifted its habitat affinities from open habitats, recorded historically, to the more forested habitat associations we recorded. We suggest contaminants deserve more investigation regarding the abrupt and widespread declines of this species. Interspersion of different habitat types was positively associated with several species. A larger number of wetland patches may increase breeding opportunities and increase the probability of at least one site being suitable. We noted consistently negative associations between anuran species and urban development. Given the current trend of urban growth and increasing density of the human population, declines of amphibian populations are likely to continue.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Investigating amphibian declines: Proceedings of the 1998 declining amphibians conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"OCLC: 45165303","usgsCitation":"Knutson, M.G., Sauer, J., Olsen, D., Mossman, M., Hemesath, L., and Lannoo, M., 2000, Landscape associations of frog and toad species in Iowa and Wisconsin, U.S.A, chap. of Investigating amphibian declines: Proceedings of the 1998 declining amphibians conference, p. 134-145.","startPage":"134","endPage":"145","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abbad","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kaiser, Hinrich","contributorId":113107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"Hinrich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507522,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casper, Gary S.","contributorId":58186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casper","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507521,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernstein, Neil P.","contributorId":113155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernstein","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507523,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, D.A.","contributorId":10377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mossman, M.J.","contributorId":54946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mossman","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hemesath, L.M.","contributorId":44502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemesath","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lannoo, M.J.","contributorId":17937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lannoo","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5200324,"text":"5200324 - 2000 - A comprehensive monitoring program for North American shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T14:44:24.497614","indexId":"5200324","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"A comprehensive monitoring program for North American shorebirds","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic changes to the biosphere, including widespread degradation and losses of habitats and ecosystems, are causing rapid and profound changes to bird and other wildlife populations throughout the world. Such changes have led to increasing risks and rates of extinction. As a consequence, information on how bird populations are changing is becoming increasingly important to wildlife conservationists and managers. Early detection of population change is crucial for setting wildlife planning and management priorities. For example, information on population size, population vulnerability, and population change has been central to international conservation strategies such as the Ramsar Convention, the Western Hemisphere (Bonn) Convention, and the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network. Measuring population size or change is also crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of population management programs implemented by wildlife agencies both locally and regionally.
Although the concept of determining population size is simple, practical difficulties can be enormous and costly to overcome. In the United States, 4 billion dollars will be spent in year 2000 to census the human population, possibly one of the most easily counted of all vertebrates. By contrast, the portion of the FY 2000 budget of the U.S. Department of the Interior allotted for tracking populations of all migratory birds (> 600 species) is less than 5 million dollars (.0125% of the human census figure). This falls far short of the amount required to provide adequate, science-based information about bird populations and population change to wildlife managers.
The gap between current ability and need is especially noteworthy for shorebirds. There are 72 species, subspecies, or distinct populations of shorebirds in North America. Even though most of these have received less conservation attention than such groups as waterfowl, colonial waterbirds, or songbirds, recent independent evaluation of data collected for other purposes in the eastern United States and Canada during the 1970s and early 1980s showed that 16 of 26 species surveyed are apparently declining, some at rates exceeding 5% per year (Howe et al., 1989). Except for one increasing species, populations of the other 9 species were statistically unchanged over the time period analyzed. In most cases causes of shorebird population declines are poorly known. For some species, the declines may be part of natural population cycles. For others the changes may reflect deterioration of conditions on the nesting grounds, at migration stopover locations, in wintering zones, or combinations of these. Determining which of these scenarios is correct and what management actions, if any, are warranted will be possible only after implementing a comprehensive monitoring plan such as that described here
","language":"English","publisher":"Manomet Center For Conservation Sciences","publisherLocation":"Manomet, MA","usgsCitation":"2000, A comprehensive monitoring program for North American shorebirds, v, 116.","productDescription":"v, 116","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354351,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.shorebirdplan.org/science/program-for-regional-and-international-shorebird-monitoring/"}],"publicComments":"Technical Report of the Research and Monitoring Working Group of the U.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0a6d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Howe, Marshall","contributorId":146168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howe","given":"Marshall","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505876,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bart, Jon jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":4156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jon","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":505878,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Stephen","contributorId":40096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505880,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elphick, Chris","contributorId":24373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elphick","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505883,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":505884,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harrington, Brian A.","contributorId":58989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505875,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hickey, Catherine","contributorId":1780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hickey","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505882,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morrison, Guy","contributorId":126843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505881,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":167829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan K.","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":505877,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Warnock, Nils","contributorId":64534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warnock","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505879,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":50354,"text":"ofr00263 - 2000 - A hiker's guide to the geology of Old Rag Mountain, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-01T21:19:25.651839","indexId":"ofr00263","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-263","title":"A hiker's guide to the geology of Old Rag Mountain, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00263","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., 2000, A hiker's guide to the geology of Old Rag Mountain, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-263, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00263.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420427,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_59413.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4159,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-263/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":169731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Old Rag Mountain, Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.3401439134257,\n 38.5700261849054\n ],\n [\n -78.3401439134257,\n 38.5269221646619\n ],\n [\n -78.28502940345844,\n 38.5269221646619\n ],\n [\n -78.28502940345844,\n 38.5700261849054\n ],\n [\n -78.3401439134257,\n 38.5700261849054\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae483","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28374,"text":"wri994157 - 2000 - Effects of ground-water withdrawals on the Rock River and associated valley aquifer, eastern Rock County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T13:13:41","indexId":"wri994157","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4157","title":"Effects of ground-water withdrawals on the Rock River and associated valley aquifer, eastern Rock County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"A better understanding of the ground-water and surface-water resources of the Rock River Valley in southwestern Minnesota was needed due to concerns surrounding future reliable sources of water for public supply. The Rock River Valley aquifer consists of a surficial sand and gravel unit that underlies the entire Rock River Valley and a buried sand and gravel unit that is present only in the vicinity of the Luverne Municipal and Airport well fields. The surficial and buried units of the aquifer are separated by a clay and till layer ranging in thickness from 1 to 38 feet. The combined maximum saturated thickness of the aquifer is 52 feet, with a median of 22 feet. The thickness of the buried unit ranges from 3 to 17 feet. Recharge to the Rock River Valley aquifer occurs primarily by infiltration of precipitation to the saturated zone (areal recharge) and by induced infiltration from the Rock River due to withdrawals from supply wells near the river. Discharge from the aquifer occurs primarily as leakage to streams and ground-water evapotranspiration.
\nThe water budget for the calibrated steady-state simulation indicated that areal recharge accounts for 38 percent of the sources of water to the Rock River Valley aquifer and leakage from streams contributes 58.7 percent. The largest discharge from the aquifer is leakage to streams, (71.1 percent). The net stream-aquifer leakage is approximately 5 cubic feet per second from the aquifer to the streams. The simulated contributing areas for the wells in the three well fields generally extend to the aquifer boundaries on the west and are generally truncated at the Rock River. The simulated transient water budget for 1996 indicated that the principal sources of water to the aquifer were as follows: (1) winter, spring, and late summer stress periods— leakage from streams and water released from storage and (2) early summer and fall stress periods—areal recharge and leakage from streams. The principal discharges from the aquifer were leakage to streams for all stress periods, ground-water evapotranspiration for the early and late summer stress periods, and addition to storage for the early summer and fall stress periods.
\nThe herbicides atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, acetachlor, and cyanazine, and metabolites of these herbicides, occurred in concentrations of 0.05 to 11.5 micrograms per liter in the Rock River at Luverne during major runoff events following application of herbicides in the spring. Atrazine and metabolites, alachlor ESA (a metabolite of alachlor), metolachlor and metabolites, metolachlor ESA and metolachlor OA, and acetochlor metabolites acetochlor ESA and acetochlor OA, were detected at concentrations of 0.05 to 2.8 micrograms per liter in municipal supply wells less than 500 feet from the river during November 1995 through August 1997. The Rock River is the major source of the herbicides and metabolites. However, concentrations of atrazine and metabolites, alachlor ESA, metolachlor ESA, and metolachlor OA in supply wells may also reflect sources of these herbicides and metabolites in the ground-water contributing areas to the supply wells. Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations in supply wells and in the ground-water contributing area to the Luverne Municipal well field were generally less than 1.5 milligrams per liter. Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations of 2.4 to 8.5 milligrams per liter in the Rock River in the Rock County Rural Water well field and 14 to 18 milligrams per liter in the ground-water contributing area to the Rock County Rural Water supply wells are not having a substantial affect on nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations in most supply wells. Isotopic mixing calculations indicate that proportions of river water withdrawn from supply wells less than 500 feet from the river range from 5 to 60 percent of total withdrawals.
\nThe Rock River is a gaining stream in most reaches, but is losing water to the aquifer in the vicinity of the Luverne Municipal and Rock County Rural Water well fields, located 150 to 1,500 feet from the river. Simulated streamflow losses due to ground-water withdrawals in the well fields were approximately 2.1 cubic feet per second. Because an average of about 1.5 cubic feet per second of the water pumped by Luverne is returned to the Rock River as wastewater discharge, the net steady-state simulated streamflow loss for the study area is 0.6 cubic feet per second. The streamflow losses as a result of ground-water withdrawals are insignificant in comparison to typical streamflow, and are likely to have a measurable effect on streamflow only during low-flow conditions of less than approximately 10 cubic feet per second.
\nModel results indicate that the additional water withdrawn by wells due to anticipated increased ground-water withdrawals was derived from a decrease in net leakage of ground water from the aquifer to the streams. The simulations indicated that the increased ground-water withdrawals and normal precipitation resulted in an increase in induced infiltration from the Rock River of 0.1 cubic feet per second for the Luverne Municipal well field and 0.3 cubic feet per second for the Rock County Rural Water well field. Maximum drawdowns ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 feet near the three well fields. For drought conditions, the simulated streamflow losses constituted approximately 30 percent and nearly 65 percent of the flows in the Rock River for the Luverne Municipal and Rock County Rural Water well fields, respectively. Maximum drawdowns ranged from 3.8 to 7.0 feet near the three well fields. Transient simulations with anticipated increased ground-water withdrawals and drought conditions indicated declines in hydraulic heads ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 feet per year in the vicinity of the three well fields, except for near the Rock River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri994157","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; the city of Luverne, Minnesota; and the Rock County Rural Water District","usgsCitation":"Lindgren, R.J., and Landon, M., 2000, Effects of ground-water withdrawals on the Rock River and associated valley aquifer, eastern Rock County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4157, x, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994157.","productDescription":"x, 103 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321221,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri994157.JPG"},{"id":12251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/99-4157.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Rock River Valley aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.275,\n 43.733333\n ],\n [\n -96.275,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -96.133333,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -96.133333,\n 43.733333\n ],\n [\n -96.275,\n 43.733333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db61336b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindgren, Richard J. lindgren@usgs.gov","contributorId":1667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Richard","email":"lindgren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44843,"text":"wri974054C - 2000 - Altitude, depth, and thickness of the Galena-Platteville Bedrock Unit in the subcrop area of Illinois and Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T21:35:12.887933","indexId":"wri974054C","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4054","chapter":"C","title":"Altitude, depth, and thickness of the Galena-Platteville Bedrock Unit in the subcrop area of Illinois and Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The Galena-Platteville bedrock unit is a carbonate deposit of Ordovician age, composed of the Galena and Platteville Groups in Illinois and the Sinnippee Group in Wisconsin. It is the uppermost bedrock unit (subcrop) in most of northern Illinois and southern and eastern Wisconsin. The subcrop area is shaded in figure 1 of sheet 1 (Batten and others, 1997). The unit is predominately dolomite, with limestone in some areas, and has a weathered surface. Across the subcrop area, the hydrologic characteristics of the bedrock unit vary substantially. The bedrock unit may be either a confining unit or an aquifer. In areas where the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit is an aquifer, the unit is a dependable source of water for many private wells and some municipal-water-supply systems. Ground water in the Galena-Platteville bedrock aquifer is susceptible to contamination because the bedrock unit is near land surface in much of the study area, and the fractures in the unit allow rapid movement of water providing limited capacity to attenuate contaminants. The subcrop (study) area covers approximately 7,850 square miles in northern Illinois and Wisconsin. In the study area, volatile organic compounds and other contaminants have been detected in the aquifer at various sites (Mills, 1993; Kay and others, 1994). Many sources of contaminants, including landfills and industrial facilities, are known or suspected. In order to determine the possible effects of contamination on the ground-water supply, an understanding of the regional hydrogeologic framework of the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit is needed.
\nPublished and unpublished map and point data describing the geologic properties of the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit are available from many sources. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), has selected and compiled a large portion of the available data to create computer data bases and maps. The objective of this effort is to compile and publish these data in a series of reports (U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Reports (WRIR) 974054-A, WRIR 97-4054-B, WRIR 97-4054-C). This is the third in that series of reports. The report describes the altitude, thickness, and depth from land surface of the subcrop area of the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit.
\nThe report series will enable investigators involved in site-specific studies within the subcrop area to understand the regional geologic framework of the unit and to find additional reference sources. This report consists of four sheets that show the altitude (sheet 1), depth from land surface (sheet 2), total thickness (sheet 3), and location of altitude data (sheet 4) of the lithologic units that constitute the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit within the subcrop area. The sheets also show major known geologic features within the Galena-Platteville study area in Illinois and Wisconsin. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to generate data layers (coverages) from point data and from published and unpublished contour maps at various scales and detail. Standard GIS procedures were used to change the coverages into the maps shown on the sheets presented in this report. A list of references for the data used to prepare the maps is provided.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974054C","usgsCitation":"Brown, T.A., Dunning, C., and Sharpe, J.B., 2000, Altitude, depth, and thickness of the Galena-Platteville Bedrock Unit in the subcrop area of Illinois and Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4054, 4 Plates: 34.00 x 47.77 inches smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974054C.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 34.00 x 47.77 inches smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":413561,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25885.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":82198,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4054c/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82199,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4054c/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82197,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4054c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82196,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4054c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 41.53325414281322\n ],\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 45.1433047394883\n ],\n [\n -87.51708984375,\n 45.1433047394883\n ],\n [\n -87.51708984375,\n 41.53325414281322\n ],\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 41.53325414281322\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6869a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Timothy A.","contributorId":18016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunning, Charles P. cdunning@usgs.gov","contributorId":892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"Charles P.","email":"cdunning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29513,"text":"wri004106 - 2000 - Ground-water quality in alluvial aquifers in the eastern Iowa basins, Iowa and Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T14:21:07","indexId":"wri004106","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4106","title":"Ground-water quality in alluvial aquifers in the eastern Iowa basins, Iowa and Minnesota","docAbstract":"The quality of shallow alluvial ground water that is used for domestic supplies in the Wapsipinicon, Cedar, Iowa, and Skunk River Basins (Eastern Iowa Basins) is described. Water samples from 32 domestic-supply wells were collected from June through July 1998. This study of ground-water quality in alluvial aquifers in the Eastern Iowa Basins is part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program.
\nCalcium and bicarbonate were the dominant ions in solution, likely derived from the dissolution of carbonate minerals in the alluvial aquifer material. Concentrations of iron exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (300 micrograms per liter) for drinking water in 53 percent of the samples, and 50 percent of the samples exceeded the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for manganese (50 micrograms per liter). pH and alkalinity increased and sulfate concentrations decreased with increasing well depth.
\nNitrite plus nitrate nitrogen was detected in 53 percent of the samples and exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 milligrams per liter for drinking water in 13 percent of the samples. Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations were negatively correlated with well depth and positively correlated with percentage of oxygen saturation. Ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentrations were positively correlated with well depth, and ratios of nitrite plus nitrate to ammonia were positively correlated with percentage of oxygen saturation.
\nThe majority of samples, 72 percent, contained water recharged since the early 1950's. The recharge date of water was earlier in deeper wells. Nitrite plus nitrate and total pesticide concentrations were greater in more recently recharged water.
\nEight pesticides and eight pesticide metabolites were detected in ground-water samples. Atrazine was the most commonly detected pesticide, and metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid was the most commonly detected metabolite. No pesticide detections exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water Maximum Contaminant Levels.
\nThe effects of land use on ground-water quality also were examined. There was a positive correlation between percentage of land used for soybean production and concentrations of metolachlor, metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid, and metolachlor oxanilic acid in ground-water samples.
Data from this study and from previous studies in the Eastern Iowa Basins were compared statistically by well type (domestic, municipal, and monitoring wells). Well depths were significantly greater in domestic and municipal wells than in monitoring wells. pH, calcium, sulfate, chloride, and atrazine concentrations were significantly higher in municipal-well samples than in domestic-well samples. pH and sulfate concentrations were significantly higher in municipal-well samples than in monitoring-well samples. Ammonia was significantly higher in domestic-well samples than in monitoring-well samples, chloride was significantly higher in monitoring-well samples than in domestic-well samples, and fluoride was significantly higher in domestic-well samples than in municipal-well samples.
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Previous Studies
Description of Study Unit
Acknowledgments
Study Design and Methods
Well Selection
Sample Collection
Water-Quality Analysis
Quality Assurance
Statistical Analysis
Land-Use Classification
Ground-Water Quality
Physical Properties
Major Ions and Trace Metals
Nutrients and Dissolved Organic Carbon
Tritium
Radon
Pesticides and Pesticide Metabolites
Volatile Organic Compounds
Relations Between Ground-Water Quality and Land Use
Relations Between Ground-Water Quality and Type of Well Sampled
Summary
References
Supplemental Information
The world’s largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century broke out at Novarupta (fig. 1) in June 1912, filling with hot ash what came to be called the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes and spreading downwind more fallout than all other historical Alaskan eruptions combined. Although almost all the magma vented at Novarupta, most of it had been stored beneath Mount Katmai 10 km away, which collapsed during the eruption. Airborne ash from the 3-day event blanketed all of southern Alaska, and its gritty fallout was reported as far away as Dawson, Ketchikan, and Puget Sound (fig. 21). Volcanic dust and sulfurous aerosol were detected within days over Wisconsin and Virginia; within 2 weeks over California, Europe, and North Africa; and in latter-day ice cores recently drilled on the Greenland ice cap.
\nThere were no aircraft in Alaska in 1912—fortunately! Corrosive acid aerosols damage aircraft, and ingestion of volcanic ash can cause abrupt jet-engine failure. Today, more than 200 flights a day transport 20,000 people and a fortune in cargo within range of dozens of restless volcanoes in the North Pacific. Air routes from the Far East to Europe and North America pass over and near Alaska, many flights refueling in Anchorage. Had this been so in 1912, every airport from Dillingham to Dawson and from Fairbanks to Seattle would have been enveloped in ash, leaving pilots no safe option but to turn back or find refuge at an Aleutian airstrip west of the ash cloud. Downwind dust and aerosol could have disrupted air traffic anywhere within a broad swath across Canada and the Midwest, perhaps even to the Atlantic coast.
\nThe great eruption of 1912 focused scientific attention on Novarupta, and subsequent research there has taught us much about the processes and hazards associated with such large explosive events (Fierstein and Hildreth, 1992). Moreover, work in the last decade has identified no fewer than 20 discrete volcanic vents within 15 km of Novarupta (Hildreth and others, 1999, 2000, 2001; Hildreth and Fierstein, 2000), only half of which had been named previously—the four stratovolcanoes Mounts Katmai, Mageik, Martin, and Griggs; the cone cluster called Trident Volcano; Snowy Mountain; and the three lava domes Novarupta, Mount Cerberus, and Falling Mountain. The most recent eruptions were from Trident Volcano (1953–74), but there have been at least eight other, probably larger, explosive events from the volcanoes of this area in the past 10,000 years. This report summarizes what has been learned about the volcanic histories and styles of eruption of all these volcanoes.
\nMany large earthquakes occurred before and during the 1912 eruption, and the cluster of Katmai volcanoes remains seismically active. Because we expect an increase in seismicity before eruptions, seismic monitoring efforts to detect volcanic unrest and procedures for eruption notification and dissemination of information are included in this report. Most at risk from future eruptions of the Katmai volcanic cluster are (1) air-traffic corridors of the North Pacific, including those approaching Anchorage, one of the Pacific’s busiest international airports, (2) several regional airports and military air bases, (3) fisheries and navigation on the Naknek Lake system and Shelikof Strait, (4) pristine wildlife habitat, particularly that of the Alaskan brown bear, and (5) tourist facilities in and near Katmai National Park.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00489","usgsCitation":"Fierstein, J., and Hildreth, W., 2000, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for the Katmai volcanic cluster, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-489, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00489.","productDescription":"50 p.","numberOfPages":"59","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00489.jpg"},{"id":2598,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0489/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281971,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0489/pdf/of00-489.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alagogshak;Alaska Peninsula;Falling Mountain;Mount Cerberus;Mount Griggs;Mount Katmai;Mount Mageik;Mount Martin;Naknek Lake;Novarupta;Shelikof Strait;Snowy Mountain;Trident Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -169.98,53.98 ], [ -169.98,62.02 ], [ -148.93,62.02 ], [ -148.93,53.98 ], [ -169.98,53.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669212","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fierstein, Judy","contributorId":88337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"Judy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildreth, Wes","contributorId":15996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58352,"text":"mf2333 - 2000 - Distribution of a suite of elements including arsenic and mercury in Alabama coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T15:59:14","indexId":"mf2333","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2333","title":"Distribution of a suite of elements including arsenic and mercury in Alabama coal","docAbstract":"Arsenic and other elements are unusually abundant in Alabama coal. This conclusion is based on chemical analyses of coal in the U.S. Geological Survey's National Coal Resources Data System (NCRDS; Bragg and others, 1994). According to NCRDS data, the average concentration of arsenic in Alabama coal (72 ppm) is three times higher than is the average for all U.S. coal (24 ppm). Of the U.S. coal analyses for arsenic that are at least 3 standard deviations above the mean, approximately 90% are from the coal fields of Alabama. Figure 1 contrasts the abundance of arsenic in coal of the Warrior field of Alabama (histogram C) with that of coal of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming (histogram A), and the Eastern Interior Province including the Illinois Basin and nearby areas (histogram B). The Warrior field is by far the largest in Alabama. On the histogram, the large 'tail' of very high values (> 200 ppm) in the Warrior coal contrasts with the other two regions that have very few analyses greater than 200 ppm.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/mf2333","usgsCitation":"Goldhaber, M.B., Bigelow, R.C., Hatch, J.R., and Pashin, J., 2000, Distribution of a suite of elements including arsenic and mercury in Alabama coal: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2333, 22 maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2333.","productDescription":"22 maps","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5941,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2000/mf-2333/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":109894,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23039.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"23039"}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Alabama","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.8,33.166666666666664 ], [ -87.8,34.2 ], [ -86.7,34.2 ], [ -86.7,33.166666666666664 ], [ -87.8,33.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64874e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bigelow, R. C.","contributorId":90718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bigelow","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatch, J. R.","contributorId":14775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pashin, J.C.","contributorId":41897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashin","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":6745,"text":"fs15900 - 2000 - Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Mogollon Highlands of central Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T06:29:05","indexId":"fs15900","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"159-00","title":"Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Mogollon Highlands of central Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","docAbstract":"The Mogollon Highlands of east central Arizona is a region of forested plateau and mountains, deep, sheerwalled canyons, and desert valleys. Known for its scenic beauty and characterized by a generally mild climate, the area, though still sparsely populated, attracts an increasing number of tourists and summer residents. Furthermore, the permanent population is expected to nearly double over the next 50 years. Consequently, there is increased pressure on the water resources of this area for several sometimes conflicting uses. Rational management of water resources is necessary to meet increased domestic requirements while ensuring an adequate supply of water for commercial and agricultural use, for Indian lands, and for preservation of valued environmental elements, including surface waters, riparian woodlands, forest and grassland areas, and wildlife and aquatic habitat. Such management requires an understanding of the relations among different components of the hydrologic system—recharge areas, surface flows, shallow aquifers, deep aquifers, discharge areas, and the regional ground-water flow system—and how each is affected by geology, climate, topography, and human use.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting an assessment of the hydrogeology of the Mogollon Highlands in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources. The study, funded through the State’s Rural Watershed Initiative program, is one of three assessments being conducted by the USGS. Assessments also are underway in the Upper-Middle Verde River watershed and on the Coconino Plateau. Each study has as its objectives: (1) the collection, compilation, and evaluation of all existing geologic, hydrologic, and related data pertaining to the study area and the creation of a data base that is readily accessible to the public and (2) developing an understanding of the hydrogeologic framework, which is the relation between geologic and hydrologic properties, that can be used for water-- resources management purposes and that will support the development of an interpretive and predictive model to estimate the effects of climate and water use on the sustainability of regional water resources.
\nAlthough the three contiguous areas in north-central Arizona are being studied separately, a single data base is being constructed from which data on each area can be extracted separately.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs15900","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Parker, J.T., and Flynn, M., 2000, Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Mogollon Highlands of central Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 159-00, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15900.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287718,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0159-00/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Mogollon Highlands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.0042,33.5048 ], [ -112.0042,35.0008 ], [ -110.2488,35.0008 ], [ -110.2488,33.5048 ], [ -112.0042,33.5048 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c8e4b07f02db4ab7e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, John T.C.","contributorId":18766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}