{"pageNumber":"263","pageRowStart":"6550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11003,"records":[{"id":70023788,"text":"70023788 - 2001 - Grassland birds associated with agricultural riparian practices in southwestern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T17:25:32.885076","indexId":"70023788","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2441,"text":"Journal of Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grassland birds associated with agricultural riparian practices in southwestern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

Rotational grazing has been proposed as a Best Management Practice (BMP) for minimizing runoff in Wisconsin agricultural riparian areas. The influence of this land management practice on grassland birds has not been evaluated in relation to more traditional agricultural land management systems in Midwestern riparian areas. This study compared the grassland bird community in riparian areas in Wisconsin that were rotationally grazed to 2 common land use practices along streams in Wisconsin: continuously grazed pastures and rowcrop fields with 10-m-wide ungrazed buffer strips located along the stream. We calculated total number of birds, the Berger-Parker Index of Dominance, and number of birds ha-1 for each site. Vegetation variables used were height-density, litter depth, and percent bare ground. Bird species richness, species dominance, and density did not differ among land use types. In contrast, grassland bird species of management concern [Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis Gmelin), Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna L.), and Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus L.)] were found on continuous and rotational pastures but very rarely or never occurred on buffer strips. Contrary to previous research, however, rotationally grazed pastures did not support more of these species than continuously grazed pastures. Bird density was related to vegetation structure, with higher densities found on sites with deeper litter. Within the pasture land use types, there were no consistent differences between species richness and density near the stream (<10 m) and away (>10 m).

","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2307/4003583","issn":"0022409X","usgsCitation":"Renfrew, R., and Ribic, C., 2001, Grassland birds associated with agricultural riparian practices in southwestern Wisconsin: Journal of Range Management, v. 54, no. 5, p. 546-552, https://doi.org/10.2307/4003583.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"546","endPage":"552","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643589","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Driftless Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.16575857443152,\n 44.43684199315811\n ],\n [\n -91.97899266246743,\n 44.338703898316936\n ],\n [\n -91.90758152965512,\n 44.19709561205261\n ],\n [\n -91.77574559215492,\n 44.12222036921074\n ],\n [\n -91.60545584005668,\n 44.015654996716535\n ],\n [\n -91.41319509786928,\n 43.960323483775056\n ],\n [\n -91.27586599630685,\n 43.76625703858235\n ],\n [\n -91.29234548849422,\n 43.67097361600477\n ],\n [\n -91.2538933400566,\n 43.464006462514334\n ],\n [\n -91.22093435568188,\n 43.408163044071415\n ],\n [\n -91.22093435568188,\n 43.34427889424853\n ],\n [\n -91.15501638693179,\n 43.328297341034215\n ],\n [\n -91.08360525411945,\n 43.25232752699745\n ],\n [\n -91.1934685353694,\n 43.136190672269066\n ],\n [\n -91.14952322286955,\n 42.91532417602218\n ],\n [\n -91.10557791036905,\n 42.867029530650086\n ],\n [\n -91.07811209005656,\n 42.75419497954971\n ],\n [\n -90.99022146505688,\n 42.68558787126665\n ],\n [\n -90.72105642599425,\n 42.620947183876154\n ],\n [\n -90.66063162130705,\n 42.50766433935169\n ],\n [\n -89.29832693380656,\n 42.49956483688837\n ],\n [\n -89.29832693380656,\n 43.128173087541285\n ],\n [\n -89.4081902150565,\n 43.47596620436465\n ],\n [\n -89.50706716818199,\n 44.19709534748961\n ],\n [\n -89.78721853536908,\n 44.43291961802271\n ],\n [\n -90.15526052755652,\n 44.61307637535003\n ],\n [\n -90.68260427755665,\n 44.81995752031699\n ],\n [\n -90.95726248068216,\n 44.90561547615778\n ],\n [\n -91.58348318380709,\n 44.90172469759921\n ],\n [\n -92.05589529318158,\n 44.69123162466923\n ],\n [\n -92.16575857443152,\n 44.43684199315811\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29e6e4b0c8380cd5ad1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renfrew, R.B.","contributorId":104671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renfrew","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, C. A. 0000-0003-2583-1778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":6026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180476,"text":"70180476 - 2001 - Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180476,"text":"70180476 - 2001 - Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"70180476","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T16:07:02","indexId":"70180476","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1633","title":"Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","docAbstract":"

The lower Paleozoic (Silurian and Ordovician) carbonate stratal succession is divided into six unnamed stratigraphic units in the northern part of the Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle of southwestern Alaska. Several of these units have previously been recognized in the McGrath and Medfra quadrangles to the northeast in strata of the Nixon Fork subterrane of the Farewell terrane (Decker and others, 1994 ). These rocks occur along the south side of a prominent east-west-trending anticlinoria! axis exposed slightly to the north in the Sleetmute A-2 1:63,360-scale quadrangle. Rocks of the Nixon Fork subterrane are now thought to represent a continental margin sequence rifted from Siberia. The low thermal alteration indices exhibited by the rocks of this area have elicited interest for petroleum exploration. However, low total organic carbon (TOC) values from potential source rocks within this lower Paleozoic succession indicate low petroleum potential.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999 (Professional Paper 1633)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/70180476","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, R., and Wilson, F.H., 2001, Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1633, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180476.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1633/pp1633_report.pdf#page=81","text":"Start page in larger work"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef4e4b072a7ac0cad51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, Robert B.","contributorId":89612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022713,"text":"70022713 - 2001 - Spatial and temporal variation in diets of Spotted Owls in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70022713","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variation in diets of Spotted Owls in Washington","docAbstract":"We studied diets of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in three different regions of Washington State during 1983-96. Northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) were the most important prey in most areas, comprising 29-54% of prey numbers and 45-59% of prey biomass. Other important prey included snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), bushy-tailed woodrats (Neoloma cinerea), boreal red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi), and mice (Peromyscus maniculatus, P. oreas). Non-mammalian prey generally comprised less than 15% of prey numbers and biomass. Mean prey mass was 111.4 ?? 1.5 g on the Olympic Peninsula, 74.8 ?? 2.9 g in the Western Cascades, and 91.3 ?? 1.7 g in the Eastern Cascades. Diets varied among territories, years, and seasons. Annual variation in diet was characterized by small changes in relative occurrence of different prey types rather than a complete restructuring of the diet. Predation on snowshoe hares was primarily restricted to small juveniles captured during spring and summer. Mean prey mass did not differ between nesting and nonnesting owls in 19 of 21 territories examined. However, the direction of the difference was positive in 15 of the 21 cases (larger mean for nesting owls), suggesting a trend toward larger prey in samples collected from nesting owls. We suggest that differences in diet among years, seasons, and territories are probably due primarily to differences in prey abundance. However, there are other factors that could cause such differences, including individual variation in prey selection, variation in the timing of pellet collections, and variation in prey accessibility in different cover types. ?? 2001 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Forsman, E., Otto, I., Sovern, S., Taylor, M., Hays, D., Allen, H., Roberts, S., and Seaman, D., 2001, Spatial and temporal variation in diets of Spotted Owls in Washington: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 141-150.","startPage":"141","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9455e4b08c986b31a9f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forsman, E.D.","contributorId":88324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forsman","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otto, I.A.","contributorId":6634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"I.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sovern, S.G.","contributorId":21725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovern","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, M.","contributorId":97872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hays, D.W.","contributorId":70967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allen, H.","contributorId":59209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roberts, S.L.","contributorId":102246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Seaman, D.E.","contributorId":102845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaman","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1001675,"text":"1001675 - 2001 - Area requirements of grassland birds: A regional perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:30:25","indexId":"1001675","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Area requirements of grassland birds: A regional perspective","docAbstract":"

Area requirements of grassland birds have not been studied except in tallgrass prairie. We studied the relation between both species-occurrence and density and patch size by conducting 699 fixed-radius point counts of 15 bird species on 303 restored grassland areas in nine counties in four northern Great Plains states. Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus), Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis), Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Baird's Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii), Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii), and Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) were shown to favor larger grassland patches in one or more counties. Evidence of area sensitivity was weak or ambivalent for Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus), Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), and Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta). Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) preferred larger patches in some counties, and smaller patches in others. Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura) and Brown- headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) tended to favor smaller grassland patches. Three species showed greater area sensitivity in counties where each species was more common. Five species demonstrated some spatial pattern of area sensitivity, either north to south or east to west. This study demonstrates the importance of replication in space; results from one area may not apply to others because of differences in study design, analytical methods, location relative to range of the species, and surrounding landscapes.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0024:AROGBA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., and Igl, L.D., 2001, Area requirements of grassland birds: A regional perspective: The Auk, v. 118, no. 1, p. 24-34, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0024:AROGBA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0024:arogba]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679cbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024257,"text":"70024257 - 2001 - Associations of grassland birds with landscape factors in southern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T13:54:37.426132","indexId":"70024257","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations of grassland birds with landscape factors in southern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

We investigated the association of grassland birds with field- and landscape-level habitat variables in south-central Wisconsin during 1985–1987. Landscape-level variables were measured and digitized at 200, 400 and 800 m from the perimeter of 38 200 m × 100 m strip transects. A mixture of field and landscape variables was associated with the density of savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) and grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum). Only landscape variables were associated with the density of bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna) and all birds that were grassland species of management concern. Field size was not an important predictor of bird density. Cover-type diversity of the surrounding area was commonly selected in the models for three species and all birds that were grassland species of management concern. Higher bird densities in the transects were associated with landscapes where the cover types were less diverse. Landscapes with low cover type diversity were dominated by grassland, pasture and hay. Field habitat, mean patch size of cover types and distance to woody vegetation were the next most common predictors of avian density. The density of some grassland birds increased as nonlinear woody features such as woodlots and shrub carrs decreased in patch size, decreased in total amount in the landscape and increased in distance from a transect. However, density of other species was positively associated with linear woody features such as the total amount and nearness of hedgerows. The composition of the surrounding landscape, at least out to 800 m, is important in grassland bird management.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2001)146[0105:AOGBWL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ribic, C., and Sample, D.W., 2001, Associations of grassland birds with landscape factors in southern Wisconsin: American Midland Naturalist, v. 146, no. 1, p. 105-121, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2001)146[0105:AOGBWL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Columbia County, Dane County, Grant County, Green County, Jefferson County, Marquette County, Sauk 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Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sample, D. W.","contributorId":57239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sample","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000861,"text":"1000861 - 2001 - Biological structure and dynamics of littoral fish assemblages in the eastern Finger Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T11:58:17","indexId":"1000861","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological structure and dynamics of littoral fish assemblages in the eastern Finger Lakes","docAbstract":"

Fish assemblages from three of the New York Finger Lakes were examined for structure within and between lakes and over time. Species-area relationships indicated that local fish assemblages are the result of recent, lake-specific events that altered the regional species pool. Fish assemblages varied among seasons and those occupying eutrophic waters had different characteristics from those in oligotrophic waters. Bluntnose minnows (Pimephales notatus) were a persistent and important component of most assemblages, but abundance of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) was the most distinguishing feature. Species associations indicated that interactions among the fishes had little influence on assemblage structure. Correlations between community structure and abiotic factors were identified. Ten abiotic variables were strongly associated with the species assemblages, but could not fully explain differences between assemblages. Results indicate that the abundance and diversity of water column feeders was related to productivity of lake habitat. In general, fish populations were smaller in oligotrophic waters and water column feeders were poorly represented in those assemblages. Productivity at various trophic levels was implicated as a major factor determining lake fish assemblage structure.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/146349801753569306","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., 2001, Biological structure and dynamics of littoral fish assemblages in the eastern Finger Lakes: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 4, no. 1, p. 91-114, https://doi.org/10.1080/146349801753569306.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Finger Lakes","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6234ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr.","contributorId":56992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023793,"text":"70023793 - 2001 - Apatite fission-track evidence of widespread Eocene heating and exhumation in the Yukon-Tanana Upland, interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T13:30:55","indexId":"70023793","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apatite fission-track evidence of widespread Eocene heating and exhumation in the Yukon-Tanana Upland, interior Alaska","docAbstract":"

We present an apatite fission-track (AFT) study of five plutonic rocks and seven metamorphic rocks across 310 km of the Yukon–Tanana Upland in east-central Alaska. Samples yielding ~40 Ma AFT ages and mean confined track lengths > 14 µm with low standard deviations cooled rapidly from >120°C to <50°C during a 3–5 Ma period, beginning at about 40 Ma. Data from samples yielding AFT ages >40 Ma suggest partial annealing and, therefore, lower maximum temperatures (~90–105°C). A few samples with single-grain ages of ~20 Ma apparently remained above ~50°C after initial cooling. Although the present geothermal gradient in the western Yukon–Tanana Upland is ~32°C/km, it could have been as high as 45°C/km during a widespread Eocene intraplate magmatic episode. Prior to rapid exhumation, samples with ~40 Ma AFT ages were >3.8–2.7 km deep and samples with >50 Ma AFT ages were >3.3–2.0 km deep. We calculate a 440–320 m/Ma minimum rate for exhumation of all samples during rapid cooling. Our AFT data, and data from rocks north of Fairbanks and from the Eielson deep test hole, indicate up to 3 km of post-40 Ma vertical displacement along known and inferred northeast-trending high-angle faults. The predominance of 40–50 Ma AFT ages throughout the Yukon–Tanana Upland indicates that, prior to the post-40 Ma relative uplift along some northeast-trending faults, rapid regional cooling and exhumation closely followed the Eocene extensional magmatism. We propose that Eocene magmatism and exhumation were somehow related to plate movements that produced regional-scale oroclinal rotation, northward translation of outboard terranes, major dextral strike-slip faulting, and subduction of an oceanic spreading ridge along the southern margin of Alaska.

","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjes-38-8-1191","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Dusel-Bacon, C., and Murphy, J., 2001, Apatite fission-track evidence of widespread Eocene heating and exhumation in the Yukon-Tanana Upland, interior Alaska: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 38, no. 8, p. 1191-1204, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-38-8-1191.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1191","endPage":"1204","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Tanana Upland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.248046875,\n 60.88770004207789\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 60.88770004207789\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 66.93006025862448\n ],\n [\n -154.248046875,\n 66.93006025862448\n ],\n [\n -154.248046875,\n 60.88770004207789\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec70e4b0c8380cd4928a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023610,"text":"70023610 - 2001 - Geographic deaggregation of seismic hazard in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023610","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic deaggregation of seismic hazard in the United States","docAbstract":"The seismic hazard calculations for the 1996 national seismic hazard maps have been geographically deaggregated to assist in the understanding of the relative contributions of sources. These deaggregations are exhibited as maps with vertical bars whose heights are proportional to the contribution that each geographical cell makes to the ground-motion exceedance hazard. Bar colors correspond to average source magnitudes. We also extend the deaggregation analysis reported in Harmsen et al. (1999) to the western conterminous United States. In contrast to the central and eastern United States (CEUS); the influence of specific faults or characteristic events can be clearly identified. Geographic deaggregation for 0.2-sec and 1.0-sec pseudo spectral acceleration (SA) is performed for 10% probability of exceedance (PE) in 50 yr (475-yr mean return period) and 2% PE in 50 yr (2475-yr mean return period) for four western U.S. cities, Los Angeles, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, and Seattle, and for three central and eastern U.S. cities, Atlanta, Boston, and Saint Louis. In general, as the PE is lowered, the sources of hazard closer to the site dominate. Larger, more distant earthquakes contribute more significantly to hazard for 1.0-sec SA than for 0.2-sec SA. Additional maps of geographically deaggregated seismic hazard are available on the Internet for 120 cities in the conterminous United States (http://geohazards. cr.usgs.gov/eq/) for 1-sec SA and for 0.2-sec SA with a 2% PE in 50 yr. Examination of these maps of hazard contributions enables the investigator to determine the distance and azimuth to predominant sources, and their magnitudes. This information can be used to generate scenario earthquakes and corresponding time histories for seismic design and retrofit. Where fault density is lower than deaggregation cell dimensions, we can identify specific faults that contribute significantly to the seismic hazard at a given site. Detailed fault information enables investigators to include rupture information such as source directivity, radiation pattern, and basin-edge effects into their scenario earthquakes used in engineering analyses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000007","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Harmsen, S., and Frankel, A., 2001, Geographic deaggregation of seismic hazard in the United States: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 1, p. 13-26, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000007.","startPage":"13","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207410,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000007"},{"id":232337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a175ce4b0c8380cd5549f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harmsen, S.","contributorId":79600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, A. 0000-0001-9119-6106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":41593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023467,"text":"70023467 - 2001 - Thermal maturity patterns in New York State using CAI and %Ro","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70023467","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2897,"text":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal maturity patterns in New York State using CAI and %Ro","docAbstract":"New conodont alteration index (CAI) and vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) data collected from drill holes in the Appalachian basin of New York State allow refinement of thermal maturity maps for Ordovician and Devonian rocks. CAI isotherms on the new maps show a pattern that approximates that published by Harris et al. (1978) in eastern and western New York, but it differs in central New York, where the isotherms are shifted markedly westward by more than 100 km and are more tightly grouped. This close grouping of isograds reflects a steeper thermal gradient than previously noted by Harris et al. (1978) and agrees closely with the abrupt west-to-east increase in thermal maturity across New York noted by Johnsson (1986). These data show, in concordance with previous studies, that thermal maturity levels in these rocks are higher than can be explained by simple burial heating beneath the present thickness of overburden. The Ordovician and Devonian rocks of the Appalachian Basin in New York must have been buried by very thick post-Devonian sediments (4-6 km suggested by Sarwar and Friedman 1995) or were exposed to a higher-than-normal geothermal flux caused by crustal extension, or a combination of the two.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Weary, D., Ryder, R.T., and Nyahay, R., 2001, Thermal maturity patterns in New York State using CAI and %Ro: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 23, no. 4, p. 356-376.","startPage":"356","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb248e4b08c986b3256c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, D. J.","contributorId":40617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, R. T.","contributorId":96673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nyahay, R.E.","contributorId":38405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyahay","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023466,"text":"70023466 - 2001 - Water source to four U.S. wetlands: Implications for wetland management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023466","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water source to four U.S. wetlands: Implications for wetland management","docAbstract":"Results of long-term field studies of wetlands in four different hydrogeologic and climatic settings in the United States indicate that each has considerably different sources of water, which affects their response to climate variability and land-use practices. A fen wetland in New Hampshire is supplied almost entirely by ground water that originates as seepage from Mirror Lake; therefore, stream discharge from the fen closely follows the pattern of Mirror Lake stage fluctuations. A fen wetland in northern Minnesota is supplied largely by discharge from a regional ground-water flow system that has its recharge area 1 to 2 km to the east. Because of the size of this wetland's ground-water watershed, stream discharge from the fen has little variability. A prairie-pothole wetland in North Dakota receives more than 90 percent of its water from precipitation and loses more than 90 percent of its water to evapotranspiration, resulting in highly variable seasonal and annual water levels. A wetland in the sandhills of Nebraska lies in a regional ground-water flow field that extends for tens of kilometers and that contains numerous lakes and wetlands. The wetland receives water that moves through the ground-water system from the upgradient lakes and from ground water in local flow systems that are recharged between the lakes. The difference in sources of water to these wetlands implies that they would require different techniques to protect their water supply and water quality.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., Rosenberry, D., Buso, D., and Merk, D., 2001, Water source to four U.S. wetlands: Implications for wetland management: Wetlands, v. 21, no. 4, p. 462-473.","startPage":"462","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcc74e4b08c986b32db60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":397749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buso, D.C.","contributorId":31392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merk, D.A.","contributorId":86357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merk","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023424,"text":"70023424 - 2001 - Mean and modal ϵ in the deaggregation of probabilistic ground motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-12T13:46:40","indexId":"70023424","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mean and modal ϵ in the deaggregation of probabilistic ground motion","docAbstract":"

An important element of probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis (PSHA) is the incorporation of ground-motion uncertainty from the earthquake sources. The standard normal variate ϵ measures the difference between any specified spectral-acceleration level, or SA0, and the estimated median spectral acceleration from each probabilistic source. In this article, mean and modal values of ϵ for a specified SA0 are defined and computed from all sources considered in the USGS 1996 PSHA maps. Contour maps of ϵ are presented for the conterminous United States for 1-, 0.3-, and 0.2-sec SA0 and for peak horizontal acceleration, PGA0 corresponding to a 2% probability of exceedance (PE) in 50 yr, or mean annual rate of exceedance, r, of 0.000404.

\n

Mean and modal ϵ exhibit a wide variation geographically for any specified PE. Modal ϵ for the 2% in 50 yr PE exceeds 2 near the most active western California faults, is less than –1 near some less active faults of the western United States (principally in the Basin and Range), and may be less than 0 in areal fault zones of the central and eastern United States (CEUS). This geographic variation is useful for comparing probabilistic ground motions with ground motions from scenario earthquakes on dominating faults, often used in seismic-resistant provisions of building codes. An interactive seismic-hazard deaggregation menu item has been added to the USGS probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis Web site, http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/eq/, allowing visitors to compute mean and modal distance, magnitude, and ϵ corresponding to ground motions having mean return times from 250 to 5000 yr for any site in the United States.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000289","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Harmsen, S., 2001, Mean and modal ϵ in the deaggregation of probabilistic ground motion: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 6, p. 1537-1552, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000289.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1537","endPage":"1552","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207581,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000289"}],"volume":"91","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52b6e4b0c8380cd6c60b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harmsen, Stephen C. harmsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"Stephen C.","email":"harmsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023295,"text":"70023295 - 2001 - Spatial extent of a hydrothermal system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of shallow long-period seismicity 2. Results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:50:49.814591","indexId":"70023295","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial extent of a hydrothermal system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of shallow long-period seismicity 2. Results","docAbstract":"

Array data from a seismic experiment carried out at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, in February 1997, are analyzed by the frequency-slowness method. The slowness vectors are determined at each of three small-aperture seismic antennas for the first arrivals of 1129 long-period (LP) events and 147 samples of volcanic tremor. The source locations are determined by using a probabilistic method which compares the event azimuths and slownesses with a slowness vector model. The results show that all the LP seismicity, including both discrete LP events and tremor, was generated in the same source region along the east flank of the Halemaumau pit crater, demonstrating the strong relation that exists between the two types of activities. The dimensions of the source region are approximately 0.6×1.0×0.5 km. For LP events we are able to resolve at least three different clusters of events. The most active cluster is centered ∼200 m northeast of Halemaumau at depths shallower than 200 m beneath the caldera floor. A second cluster is located beneath the northeast quadrant of Halemaumau at a depth of ∼400 m. The third cluster is <200 m deep and extends southeastward from the northeast quadrant of Halemaumau. Only one source zone is resolved for tremor. This zone is coincident with the most active source zone of LP events, northeast of Halemaumau. The location, depth, and size of the source region suggest a hydrothermal origin for all the analyzed LP seismicity.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000309","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Almendros, J., Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2001, Spatial extent of a hydrothermal system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of shallow long-period seismicity 2. Results: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B7, p. 13581-13597, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000309.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"13581","endPage":"13597","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498705,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10481/97987","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.26777118658742,\n 19.398103039773005\n ],\n [\n -155.26519626593304,\n 19.40231282179836\n ],\n [\n -155.2530083081693,\n 19.407655849794338\n ],\n [\n -155.23910373663622,\n 19.406846311379084\n ],\n [\n -155.23704380011282,\n 19.414941514169755\n ],\n [\n -155.24974674200735,\n 19.42433144440021\n ],\n [\n -155.26021808600137,\n 19.43015940404547\n ],\n [\n -155.279959144351,\n 19.4316163612869\n ],\n [\n -155.29849857306192,\n 19.41332250585515\n ],\n [\n -155.29884189581594,\n 19.40490340274536\n ],\n [\n -155.29437870001507,\n 19.40490340274536\n ],\n [\n -155.29386371588427,\n 19.394055069727003\n ],\n [\n -155.28013080572794,\n 19.396807700313744\n ],\n [\n -155.26777118658742,\n 19.398103039773005\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b947ae4b08c986b31aaf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendros, J.","contributorId":73369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023263,"text":"70023263 - 2001 - Arsenic in glacial drift aquifers and the implication for drinking water - Lower Illinois River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:25:45.795613","indexId":"70023263","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic in glacial drift aquifers and the implication for drinking water - Lower Illinois River Basin","docAbstract":"

The lower Illinois River Basin (LIRB) covers 47,000 km2 of central and western Illinois. In the LIRB, 90% of the ground water supplies are from the deep and shallow glacial drift aquifers. The deep glacial drift aquifer (DGDA) is below 152 m altitude, a sand and gravel deposit that fills the Mahomet Buried Bedrock Valley, and overlain by more than 30.5 m of clayey till. The LIRB is part of the USGS National Water Quality Assessment program, which has an objective to describe the status and trends of surface and ground water quality.

In the DGDA, 55% of the wells used for public drinking-water supply and 43% of the wells used for domestic drinking water supply have arsenic concentrations above 10 μg/L (a new U.S. EPA drinking water standard). Arsenic concentrations greater than 25 μg/L in ground water are mostly in the form of arsenite (AsIII). The proportion of arsenate (AsV) to arsenite does not change along the flowpath of the DGDA. Because of the limited number of arsenic species analyses, no clear relations between species and other trace elements, major ions, or physical parameters could be established. Arsenic and barium concentrations increase from east to west in the DGDA and are positively correlated. Chloride and arsenic are positively correlated and provide evidence that arsenic may be derived locally from underlying bedrock.

Solid phase geochemical analysis of the till, sand and gravel, and bedrock show the highest presence of arsenic in the underlying organic-rich carbonate bedrock. The black shale or coal within the organic-rich carbonate bedrock is a potential source of arsenic. Most high arsenic concentrations found in the DGDA are west and downgradient of the bedrock structural features. Geologic structures in the bedrock are potential pathways for recharge to the DGDA from surrounding bedrock.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02327.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Warner, K., 2001, Arsenic in glacial drift aquifers and the implication for drinking water - Lower Illinois River Basin: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 3, p. 433-442, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02327.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"442","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -91.12060546875,\n 41.49212083968776\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 41.19518982948959\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -91.505126953125,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -91.593017578125,\n 40.18726672309203\n ],\n [\n -91.56005859375,\n 39.74943369178247\n ],\n [\n -90.802001953125,\n 39.20671884491848\n ],\n [\n -90.71411132812499,\n 38.831149809348744\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -87.462158203125,\n 38.79690830348427\n ],\n [\n -87.440185546875,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 41.75492216766298\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed8ee4b0c8380cd4989a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, K.L.","contributorId":73781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023066,"text":"70023066 - 2001 - Viscoelastic shear zone model of a strike-slip earthquake cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-30T17:29:48.769129","indexId":"70023066","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viscoelastic shear zone model of a strike-slip earthquake cycle","docAbstract":"I examine the behavior of a two-dimensional (2-D) strike-slip fault system embedded in a 1-D elastic layer (schizosphere) overlying a uniform viscoelastic half-space (plastosphere) and within the boundaries of a finite width shear zone. The viscoelastic coupling model of Savage and Prescott [1978] considers the viscoelastic response of this system, in the absence of the shear zone boundaries, to an earthquake occurring within the upper elastic layer, steady slip beneath a prescribed depth, and the superposition of the responses of multiple earthquakes with characteristic slip occurring at regular intervals. So formulated, the viscoelastic coupling model predicts that sufficiently long after initiation of the system, (1) average fault-parallel velocity at any point is the average slip rate of that side of the fault and (2) far-field velocities equal the same constant rate. Because of the sensitivity to the mechanical properties of the schizosphere-plastosphere system (i.e., elastic layer thickness, plastosphere viscosity), this model has been used to infer such properties from measurements of interseismic velocity. Such inferences exploit the predicted behavior at a known time within the earthquake cycle. By modifying the viscoelastic coupling model to satisfy the additional constraint that the absolute velocity at prescribed shear zone boundaries is constant, I find that even though the time-averaged behavior remains the same, the spatiotemporal pattern of surface deformation (particularly its temporal variation within an earthquake cycle) is markedly different from that predicted by the conventional viscoelastic coupling model. These differences are magnified as plastosphere viscosity is reduced or as the recurrence interval of periodic earthquakes is lengthened. Application to the interseismic velocity field along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault suggests that the region behaves mechanically like a ???600-km-wide shear zone accommodating 50 mm/yr fault-parallel motion distributed between the San Andreas fault system and Eastern California Shear Zone. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000342","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., 2001, Viscoelastic shear zone model of a strike-slip earthquake cycle: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B11, p. 26541-26560, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000342.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"26541","endPage":"26560","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert, San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.96815379209215,\n 34.48443294269454\n ],\n [\n -119.69349558896727,\n 34.38475956763793\n ],\n [\n -119.28700144834212,\n 34.15778760857671\n ],\n [\n -116.79310496396727,\n 33.692870080798244\n ],\n [\n -115.00233347959211,\n 32.74622590534098\n ],\n [\n -114.57386668271728,\n 33.81161930566759\n ],\n [\n -116.65028269834234,\n 35.57295474555886\n ],\n [\n -117.59510691709224,\n 35.653338449032404\n ],\n [\n -119.96815379209215,\n 34.48443294269454\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc284e4b08c986b32abb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023014,"text":"70023014 - 2001 - Known and suggested quaternary faulting in the midcontinent United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70023014","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Known and suggested quaternary faulting in the midcontinent United States","docAbstract":"The midcontinent United States between the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains contains 40 known faults or other potentially tectonic features for which published geologic information shows or suggests Quaternary tectonic faulting. We report results of a systematic evaluation of published and other publicly available geologic evidence of Quaternary faulting. These results benefit seismic-hazard assessments by (1) providing some constraints on the recurrence intervals and magnitudes of large, prehistoric earthquakes, and (2) identifying features that warrant additional study. For some features, suggested Quaternary tectonic faulting has been disproved, whereas, for others, the suggested faulting remains questionable. Of the 40 features, nine have clear geologic evidence of Quaternary tectonic faulting associated with prehistoric earthquakes, and another six features have evidence of nontectonic origins. An additional 12 faults, uplifts, or historical seismic zones lack reported paleoseismological evidence of large. Quaternary earthquakes. The remaining 13 features require further paleoseismological study to determine if they have had Quaternary earthquakes that were larger than any known from local historical records; seven of these 13 features are in or near urbanized areas where their study could affect urban hazard estimates. These seven are: (1) the belt of normal faults that rings the Gulf of Mexico from Florida to Texas. (2) the Northeast Ohio seismic zone, (3) the Valmont and (4) Goodpasture faults of Colorado. (5) the Champlain lowlands normal faults of New York State and Vermont, and (6) the Lexington and (7) Kentucky River fault systems of eastern Kentucky. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00050-3","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., and Crone, A.J., 2001, Known and suggested quaternary faulting in the midcontinent United States: Engineering Geology, v. 62, no. 1-3, p. 51-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00050-3.","startPage":"51","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487433,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7952(01)00050-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208012,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00050-3"},{"id":233365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40bee4b0c8380cd64ff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, R. L.","contributorId":34916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crone, A. J.","contributorId":84363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022803,"text":"70022803 - 2001 - Watershed scaling effect on base flow nitrate, valley and ridge physiographic province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T14:46:38.469013","indexId":"70022803","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed scaling effect on base flow nitrate, valley and ridge physiographic province","docAbstract":"

A study of stream base flow and NO3-N concentration was conducted simultaneously in 51 subwatersheds within the 116-square-kilometer watershed of East Mahantango Creek near Klingerstown, Pennsylvania. The study was designed to test whether measurable results of processes and observations within the smaller watersheds were similar to or transferable to a larger scale. Ancillary data on land use were available for the small and large watersheds. Although the source of land-use data was different for the small and large watersheds, comparisons showed that the differences in the two land-use data sources were minimal. A land use-based water-quality model developed for the small-scale 7.3-square-kilometer watershed for a previous study accurately predicted NO3-N concentrations from sampling in the same watershed. The water-quality model was modified and, using the imagery-based land use, was found to accurately predict NO3-N concentrations in the subwatersheds of the large-scale 116-square-kilometer watershed as well. Because the model accurately predicts NO3-N concentrations at small and large scales, it is likely that in second-order streams and higher, discharge of water and NO3-N is dominated by flow from smaller first-order streams, and the contribution of ground-water discharge to higher order streams is minimal at the large scale.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03625.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, B., Gburek, W., and Folmar, G., 2001, Watershed scaling effect on base flow nitrate, valley and ridge physiographic province: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 5, p. 1103-1117, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03625.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1103","endPage":"1117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"East Mahantango Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.79169381723484,\n 40.63814059569114\n ],\n [\n -76.75324166879724,\n 40.645955928024904\n ],\n [\n -76.74328530893388,\n 40.65181682675586\n ],\n [\n -76.71993936166838,\n 40.65051444929932\n ],\n [\n -76.71410287485203,\n 40.65663540231759\n ],\n [\n -76.69985498056455,\n 40.65077492682428\n ],\n [\n -76.69642175302583,\n 40.65963055767236\n ],\n [\n -76.67977059946142,\n 40.65442150540861\n ],\n [\n -76.67084420785979,\n 40.65741676015725\n ],\n [\n -76.65711129770355,\n 40.654161042118744\n ],\n [\n -76.64440835580903,\n 40.662234931280494\n ],\n [\n -76.6356536255845,\n 40.66106297574001\n ],\n [\n -76.63170541391455,\n 40.666792340414645\n ],\n [\n -76.62621224985166,\n 40.66002122019563\n ],\n [\n -76.62209237680533,\n 40.66301622353399\n ],\n [\n -76.62243569955879,\n 40.669396434386954\n ],\n [\n -76.62758554086753,\n 40.67499489208245\n ],\n [\n -76.6406318055162,\n 40.66835480900045\n ],\n [\n -76.6504165040025,\n 40.67030784325348\n ],\n [\n -76.65985787973466,\n 40.66288600879429\n ],\n [\n -76.67153085336739,\n 40.666401717548524\n ],\n [\n -76.67994226083847,\n 40.66327665225177\n ],\n [\n -76.69024194345532,\n 40.6675735792835\n ],\n [\n -76.70448983774277,\n 40.66835480900045\n ],\n [\n -76.70654977426626,\n 40.66106297574001\n ],\n [\n -76.71633447275259,\n 40.664578780586936\n ],\n [\n -76.72491754160008,\n 40.65676562925981\n ],\n [\n -76.74757684335793,\n 40.658328332737284\n ],\n [\n -76.75890649423656,\n 40.65220753503564\n ],\n [\n -76.79152215585779,\n 40.646346670621284\n ],\n [\n -76.79169381723484,\n 40.63814059569114\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf86e4b08c986b32e953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, B.D.","contributorId":89696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gburek, W.J.","contributorId":76098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gburek","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Folmar, G.J.","contributorId":26482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folmar","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022767,"text":"70022767 - 2001 - The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T16:51:39.806485","indexId":"70022767","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria","title":"The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria","docAbstract":"

The Gibbs free energy of formation of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4) was calculated from published experimental studies of the reaction 3.25 Cu3.38Fe0.62S4 + S2 = 11 CuS + 2 FeS2 in order to correct an erroneous expression in the published record. The correct expression describing the Gibbs free energy of formation (kJ·mol−1) of nukundamite relative to the elements and ideal S2 gas is ΔfG°nukundamite, T(K) = −549.75 + 0.23242 T + 3.1284 T0.5, with an uncertainty of 0.6%. An evaluation of the phase equilibria of nukundamite with associated phases in the system Cu–Fe–S as a function of temperature and sulfur fugacity indicates that nukundamite is stable from 224 to 501°C at high sulfidation states. At its greatest extent, at 434°C, the stability field of nukundamite is only 0.4 log f(S2) units wide, which explains its rarity. Equilibria between nukundamite and bornite, which limit the stability of both phases, involve bornite compositions that deviate significantly from stoichiometric Cu5FeS4. Under equilibrium conditions in the system Cu–Fe–S, nukundamite + chalcopyrite is not a stable assemblage at any temperature.

","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Association of Canada","doi":"10.2113/gscanmin.39.6.1635","usgsCitation":"Seal,, R., Inan, E.E., and Hemingway, B., 2001, The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1635-1640, https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.39.6.1635.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1635","endPage":"1640","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba757e4b08c986b3214f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Inan, E. E.","contributorId":38332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inan","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemingway, Bruce S.","contributorId":13689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"Bruce S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023966,"text":"70023966 - 2001 - Observation of the geology and geomorphology of the 1999 Marsokhod test site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-01T17:08:12.315851","indexId":"70023966","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observation of the geology and geomorphology of the 1999 Marsokhod test site","docAbstract":"

The Marsokhod rover returned data from six stations that were used to decipher the geomorphology and geology of a region not previously visited by members of the geomorphology field team. Satellite images and simulated descent images provided information about the regional setting. The landing zone was on an alluvial apron flanking a mountain block to the west and a playa surface to the east. Rover color images, infrared spectra analysis of the mountains, and the apron surface provided insight into the rock composition of the nearby mountains. From the return data the geomorphology team interpreted the region to consist of compressionally deformed, ancient marine sediments and igneous rocks exposed by more recent extensional tectonics. Unconsolidated alluvial materials blanket the lower flanks of the mountains. An ancient shoreline cut into alluvial material marks a high stand of water during a past, wetter climate period. Playa sediments floor a present-day, seasonally, dry lake. Observations made by the rover using panoramic and close-up (hand specimens-scale) image data and color scene data confirmed the presence of boulders, cobbles, and fines of various provinces. Rover traverses to sites identified as geologically distinct, such as fan, channel, shoreline, and playa, provided useful clues to the geologic interpretations. Analysis of local rocks was given context only through comparison with distant geologic features. These results demonstrated the importance of a multifaceted approach to site interpretation through comparison of interpretations derived by differing geologic techniques.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JE001167","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"De Hon, R., Barlow, N., Reagan, M.K., Bettis, E., Foster, C., Gulick, V.C., Crumpler, L., Aubele, J., Chapman, M.G., and Tanaka, K.L., 2001, Observation of the geology and geomorphology of the 1999 Marsokhod test site: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 106, no. E4, p. 7665-7682, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001167.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"7665","endPage":"7682","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478970,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999je001167","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.89248297461945,\n 34.82347627219846\n ],\n [\n -118.377112187889,\n 34.59651112601088\n ],\n [\n -117.56345326406829,\n 34.30938988532948\n ],\n [\n -117.04391815162836,\n 34.20889303454648\n ],\n [\n -116.57965273200116,\n 33.98462818735297\n ],\n [\n -116.14854912806192,\n 33.69541613015673\n ],\n [\n -115.77824218621652,\n 33.51589036453939\n ],\n [\n -115.4576779679024,\n 33.56656367778882\n ],\n [\n -114.74469893061811,\n 33.30828142936909\n ],\n [\n -114.70601014564905,\n 33.34522594185802\n ],\n [\n -114.71706408421159,\n 33.40061332966815\n ],\n [\n -114.62310560643012,\n 33.432906347146314\n ],\n [\n -114.58441682146105,\n 33.49284722130005\n ],\n [\n -114.51809319008578,\n 33.55735255809154\n ],\n [\n -114.51256622080466,\n 33.677020440810054\n ],\n [\n -114.49045834367958,\n 33.713807882070995\n ],\n [\n -114.4959853129607,\n 33.86080002398083\n ],\n [\n -114.5125662208048,\n 33.94843349414481\n ],\n [\n -114.43518865086699,\n 34.026340155573166\n ],\n [\n -114.40755380446048,\n 34.10417535980214\n ],\n [\n -114.3135953266787,\n 34.14077894328895\n ],\n [\n -114.2914874495536,\n 34.17279407733734\n ],\n [\n -114.24727169530341,\n 34.16822122992225\n ],\n [\n -114.17542109464705,\n 34.255062948144925\n ],\n [\n -114.13120534039686,\n 34.255062948144925\n ],\n [\n -114.13673230967797,\n 34.31899429038033\n ],\n [\n -114.17542109464705,\n 34.364629745903486\n ],\n [\n -114.21963684889722,\n 34.378315539146385\n ],\n [\n -114.35228411164775,\n 34.4786096690642\n ],\n [\n -114.37991895805428,\n 34.451268660054\n ],\n [\n -114.36886501949141,\n 34.53781779086884\n ],\n [\n -114.40755380446048,\n 34.57878338041519\n ],\n [\n -114.45729652799209,\n 34.651561261724254\n ],\n [\n -114.46835046655463,\n 34.719732547581756\n ],\n [\n -114.55678197505499,\n 34.7787689040463\n ],\n [\n -114.58441682146119,\n 34.84229930782236\n ],\n [\n -114.62863257571136,\n 34.887648170730955\n ],\n [\n -114.6341595449928,\n 35.0144918658992\n ],\n [\n -118.61613451055595,\n 38.03151127482835\n ],\n [\n -118.477960278524,\n 37.29649024975785\n ],\n [\n -118.34531301577346,\n 36.669564217774834\n ],\n [\n -118.16844999877273,\n 36.460924614603954\n ],\n [\n -117.91973638111519,\n 35.663051826309584\n ],\n [\n -118.14081515236609,\n 35.541717949106044\n ],\n [\n -118.07449152099082,\n 35.34359488568306\n ],\n [\n -118.3176781693668,\n 35.0997783114543\n ],\n [\n -118.89248297461945,\n 34.82347627219846\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a5ee4b0c8380cd74133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Hon, R. A.","contributorId":71266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Hon","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, N.G.","contributorId":107466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reagan, M. K.","contributorId":15355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reagan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foster, C.T. Jr.","contributorId":6624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"C.T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gulick, V. C.","contributorId":47545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulick","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crumpler, L.S.","contributorId":81575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crumpler","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aubele, J.C.","contributorId":75638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aubele","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chapman, M. G.","contributorId":105737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":1016039,"text":"1016039 - 2001 - Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T18:48:44.136466","indexId":"1016039","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata","title":"Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata","docAbstract":"
  1. A classic biogeographic pattern is the alignment of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid races of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) across the Chihuahuan, Sonoran and Mohave Deserts of western North America. We used statistically robust differences in guard cell size of modern plants and fossil leaves from packrat middens to map current and past distributions of these ploidy races since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).
  2. Glacial/early Holocene (26–10 14C kyr bp or thousands of radiocarbon years before present) populations included diploids along the lower Rio Grande of west Texas, 650 km removed from sympatric diploids and tetraploids in the lower Colorado River Basin of south-eastern California/south-western Arizona. Diploids migrated slowly from lower Rio Grande refugia with expansion into the northern Chihuahuan Desert sites forestalled until after ~4.0 14C kyr bp. Tetraploids expanded from the lower Colorado River Basin into the northern limits of the Sonoran Desert in central Arizona by 6.4 14C kyr bp. Hexaploids appeared by 8.5 14C kyr bp in the lower Colorado River Basin, reaching their northernmost limits (~37°N) in the Mohave Desert between 5.6 and 3.9 14C kyr bp.
  3. Modern diploid isolates may have resulted from both vicariant and dispersal events. In central Baja California and the lower Colorado River Basin, modern diploids probably originated from relict populations near glacial refugia. Founder events in the middle and late Holocene established diploid outposts on isolated limestone outcrops in areas of central and southern Arizona dominated by tetraploid populations.
  4. Geographic alignment of the three ploidy races along the modern gradient of increasingly drier and hotter summers is clearly a postglacial phenomenon, but evolution of both higher ploidy races must have happened before the Holocene. The exact timing and mechanism of polyploidy evolution in creosote bush remains a matter of conjecture.
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G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1014966,"text":"1014966 - 2001 - Detection of Perkinsus marinus extracellular proteins tissues of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica: Potential use diagnostic assays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T16:03:22.942009","indexId":"1014966","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Detection of Perkinsus marinus extracellular proteins tissues of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica: Potential use diagnostic assays","title":"Detection of Perkinsus marinus extracellular proteins tissues of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica: Potential use diagnostic assays","docAbstract":"

Perkinsus marinus, the cause of serious losses of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, secretes extracellular proteins (ECP) in culture (in vitro) including serine proteases. The production of similar ECP in the eastern oyster (in vivo) and their role in pathogenicity, however, remain to be elucidated. The induction and dissemination of these proteins within infected eastern oysters could be critical to understanding the pathologic mechanisms employed as well as to providing the means for rapid and specific diagnosis. To quantify and examine the production of these proteins in the host, polyclonal antibodies were produced against ECP produced during the in vitro culture of P. marinus. By the use of a Western blot technique, these antibodies were shown to recognize a 62-kDa protein antigen expressed in lightly infected oysters, whereas three antigens (62, 38, and 28 kDa) were recognized in heavily infected oysters. Additionally, there was an antigen that is expressed in vitro (40 kDa) that was not detected in vivo and two that were detected in vivo (120 and 32 kDa) but not in vitro. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing these antibodies indicated that the concentration of secreted antigens is significantly related (P < 0.05) to the number of cells of P. marinus in infected eastern oyster tissues, as determined by the standard Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM) assay. Significant differences (P < 0.025) between the ELISA and RFTM assays were only observed when oysters possessed less than one hypnospore per gram of tissue. Thus this ELISA proved to be an excellent diagnostic tool, generating values that correlated with the number of protozoal cells present within infected tissues.

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37.129115429960066\n ],\n [\n -76.6851487810525,\n 36.97670606587404\n ],\n [\n -76.58073336848402,\n 36.810792470313004\n ],\n [\n -76.40899749254892,\n 36.80639250634286\n ],\n [\n -76.26748713077852,\n 36.80969250302549\n ],\n [\n -76.26061769574129,\n 36.940477603944146\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667a90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ottinger, C. A. 0000-0003-2551-1985","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":8796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, T.D.","contributorId":85543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, D.A.","contributorId":100799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Faisal, M.","contributorId":19116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faisal","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaattari, S.L.","contributorId":52116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaattari","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023787,"text":"70023787 - 2001 - Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:22:57.383783","indexId":"70023787","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements","docAbstract":"

The January 1997 East Rift Zone eruption on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, occurred within a network of continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The GPS measurements reveal the temporal history of deformation during dike intrusion, beginning ∼8 hours prior to the onset of the eruption. The dike volume as a function of time, estimated from the GPS data using elastic Green's functions for a homogeneous half-space, shows that only two thirds of the final dike volume accumulated prior to the eruption and the rate of volume change decreased with time. These observations are inconsistent with simple models of dike propagation, which predict accelerating dike volume up to the time of the eruption and little or no change thereafter. Deflationary tilt changes at Kilauea summit mirror the inferred dike volume history, suggesting that the rate of dike propagation is limited by flow of magma into the dike. A simple, lumped parameter model of a coupled dike magma chamber system shows that the tendency for a dike to end in an eruption (rather than intrusion) is favored by high initial dike pressures, compressional stress states, large, compressible magma reservoirs, and highly conductive conduits linking the dike and source reservoirs. Comparison of model predictions to the observed dike volume history, the ratio of erupted to intruded magma, and the deflationary history of the summit magma chamber suggest that most of the magma supplied to the growing dike came from sources near to the eruption through highly conductive conduits. Interpretation is complicated by the presence of multiple source reservoirs, magma vesiculation and cooling, as well as spatial variations in dike-normal stress. Reinflation of the summit magma chamber following the eruption was measured by GPS and accompanied a rise in the level of the Pu'u O'o lava lake. For a spheroidal chamber these data imply a summit magma chamber volume of ∼20 km3, consistent with recent estimates from seismic tomography. Continuous deformation measurements can be used to image the spatiotemporal evolution of propagating dikes and to reveal quantitative information about the volcanic plumbing systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000229","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Segall, P., Cervelli, P., Owen, S., Lisowski, M., and Mikijus, A., 2001, Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B9, p. 19301-19317, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000229.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"19301","endPage":"19317","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.29356501158992,\n 19.397005960508707\n ],\n [\n -155.2859111779368,\n 19.394092842334288\n ],\n [\n -155.27261767738136,\n 19.395866050911422\n ],\n [\n -155.26912645501318,\n 19.398905792091867\n ],\n [\n -155.26442673259461,\n 19.403591948485584\n ],\n [\n -155.2574442878584,\n 19.4057450021093\n ],\n [\n -155.25059612090553,\n 19.41017766982378\n ],\n [\n -155.24643350962046,\n 19.408911205662818\n ],\n [\n -155.24012245380123,\n 19.409037852522204\n ],\n [\n -155.23891395375074,\n 19.41359707378831\n ],\n [\n -155.24079384271812,\n 19.41486350145172\n ],\n [\n -155.24321084281917,\n 19.418156167201673\n ],\n [\n -155.24549356513683,\n 19.41878936450675\n ],\n [\n -155.25086467647228,\n 19.417902887589094\n ],\n [\n -155.25637006559123,\n 19.42309504075868\n ],\n [\n -155.257310010075,\n 19.42828702802622\n ],\n [\n -155.25905562125902,\n 19.430059863724253\n ],\n [\n -155.2683207883129,\n 19.43081964452884\n ],\n [\n -155.27449756634877,\n 19.432339195474597\n ],\n [\n -155.27986867768433,\n 19.43031312438704\n ],\n [\n -155.28765678912083,\n 19.421955314029162\n ],\n [\n -155.29611628947433,\n 19.416003277912424\n ],\n [\n -155.2957134561242,\n 19.413090499961413\n ],\n [\n -155.29799617844174,\n 19.409544438976212\n ],\n [\n -155.29356501158992,\n 19.397005960508707\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa0ae4b0c8380cd4d8cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter 0000-0001-6765-1009","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":46724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, S.","contributorId":56810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70174726,"text":"70174726 - 2001 - Droughts, epic droughts and droughty centuries - lessons from a California paleoclimatic record: a PACLIM 2001 meeting report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-14T16:50:23","indexId":"70174726","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Droughts, epic droughts and droughty centuries - lessons from a California paleoclimatic record: a PACLIM 2001 meeting report","docAbstract":"

During the early 1990s (but echoing studies by S.T. Harding at the University of California, from as early as the 1930s), several lines of paleoclimate evidence in and around the Sierra Nevada Range have provided the water community in California with some real horror stories. By studying ancient tree stumps submerged in Lake Tahoe and Tenaya Lake, stumps that were emerging from Mono Lake during its recent decline, and stumps that were exhumed in the Walker River bed during the floods of 1997, paleoclimatologists like Scott Stine of California State University, Hayward, assembled a picture of epic droughts in the central Sierra Nevada during the medieval period. These droughts had to be severe to drop water levels in the lakes and rivers low enough for the trees to grow in the first place, and then had to last for hundreds of years to explain tree-ring counts in these sizeable stumps. Worse yet, the evidence suggested at least two such epic droughts, one ending close to 1100 and the other close to 1350. These epic droughts challenged paleoclimatologists, as well as modern climatologists and hydrologists, to understand and, ultimately, to determine the likelihood that such droughts might recur in the foreseeable future. The first challenge, however, was to verify that such droughts were more than local events and as extreme as suggested. At this year’s Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, held March 18–21, 2001, at Asilomar (Pacific Grove, Calif.), special sessions brought together scientists to compare paleoclimatic reconstructions of ancient droughts and pluvial (wet) epidodes to try to determine the nature of decadal and centennial climate fluctuations in western North America, with emphasis on California. A companion session brought together modern climatologists to report on the latest explanations (and evidence) for decadal climate variations during the instrumental era of the 20th century. PACLIM is an annual workshop that, since 1983, has brought together specialists from diverse fields, including physical, social, and biological sciences, to discuss and investigate climate and climate effects in the eastern Pacific and western America. This year’s PACLIM was sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, NOAA Office of Global Programs, California Department of Water Resources, and, for the first time, the CALFED Science Program. In addition to the presentations summarized here, sessions at this year’s PACLIM covered topics as varied as the North American monsoon system; recent economic and political effects of California’s climate variations, including a presentation on climate and CALFED by Sam Luoma (U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park); and research into daily-to-seasonal weather variations. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., 2001, Droughts, epic droughts and droughty centuries - lessons from a California paleoclimatic record: a PACLIM 2001 meeting report: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 14, no. 3, p. 51-53.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325284,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.water.ca.gov/iep/newsletters/2001/IEPNewsletterSummer2001.pdf"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788b7b3e4b0d27deb386fcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184936,"text":"70184936 - 2001 - Lithologies of the basement complex (Devonian and older) in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-02T14:16:22.818567","indexId":"70184936","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5315,"text":"SEPM Core Workshop Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithologies of the basement complex (Devonian and older) in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska","docAbstract":"

Rocks of the basement complex (Devonian and older) were encountered in at least 30 exploratory wells in the northern part of the NPRA. Fine-grained, variably deformed sedimentary rocks deposited in a slope or basinal setting predominate and include varicolored (mainly red and green) argillite in the Simpson area, dark argillite and chert near Barrow, and widespread gray argillite. Chitinozoans of Middle-Late Ordovician and Silurian age occur in the dark argillite and chert unit. Sponge spicules and radiolarians establish a Phanerozoic age for the varicolored and gray argillite units, both of which contain local interbeds of chert-rich sandstone and silt-stone. Conglomerate and sandstone, also chert-rich but interbedded with mudstone and coal and of Early-Middle Devonian age, occur in the Topagoruk area; these strata formed in a fluvial environment. At East Teshekpuk, granite of probable Devonian age was penetrated. Brecciated, quartz-veined rock of uncertain protolith that may be part of the basement complex was encountered in the Ikpikpuk well. Seismic data indicate that angular unconformities truncate all sedimentary units of the basement complex in NPRA. Rocks correlative in age and lithofacies with the dark argillite and chert unit occur in the subsurface near Prudhoe Bay. Other argillite units in NPRA have similarities to basement rocks in the subsurface adjacent to ANWR and the Ordovician-Silurian Iviagik Group at Cape Lisburne, but lack the interbedded limestones found in the ANWR strata, and are less metamorphosed than, and compositionally distinct from, the Iviagik. The Topagoruk conglomerate and the East Teshekpuk granite resemble the Ulungarat formation and the Okpilak batholith, respectively, in the northeastern Brooks Range.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/cor.01.01.0201","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., 2001, Lithologies of the basement complex (Devonian and older) in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska: SEPM Core Workshop Notes, v. 21, p. 201-214, https://doi.org/10.2110/cor.01.01.0201.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"214","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.35546875,\n 68.39918004344189\n ],\n [\n -149.58984375,\n 68.39918004344189\n ],\n [\n -149.58984375,\n 71.18775391813158\n ],\n [\n -164.35546875,\n 71.18775391813158\n ],\n [\n -164.35546875,\n 68.39918004344189\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","publicComments":"Volume Title: Petroleum Plays and Systems in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c50918e4b0f37a93ee9ce2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683697,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42407,"text":"ofr01226 - 2001 - Reconnaissance geologic map of the Dixonville 7.5' quadrangle, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T13:52:57.216332","indexId":"ofr01226","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-226","title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of the Dixonville 7.5' quadrangle, Oregon","docAbstract":"

The Dixonville 7.5 minute quadrangle is situated near the edge of two major geologic and tectonic provinces the northernmost Klamath Mountains and the southeastern part of the Oregon Coast Ranges (Figure 1). Rocks of the Klamath Mountains province that lie within the study area include ultramafic, mafic, intermediate and siliceous igneous types (Diller, 1898, Ramp, 1972, Ryberg, 1984). Similar rock associations that lie to the southwest yield Late Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous radiometric ages (Dott, 1965, Saleeby, et al., 1982, Hotz, 1971, Harper and Wright, 1984). These rocks, which are part of the Western Klamath terrane (Western Jurassic belt of (Irwin, 1964), are considered to have formed within an extensive volcanic arc and rifted arc complex (Harper and Wright, 1984) that lay along western North America during the Late Jurassic (Garcia, 1979, Garcia, 1982, Saleeby, et al., 1982, Ryberg, 1984). Imbricate thrust faulting and collapse of the arc during the Nevadan orogeny, which ranged in age between about 150 to 145 Ma in the Klamath region (Coleman, 1972, Saleeby, et al., 1982, Harper and Wright, 1984) was syntectonic with, or closely followed by deposition of the volcano-lithic clastic rocks of the Myrtle Group. The Myrtle Group consists of Upper Jurassic and Lower to middle Cretaceous turbidity and mass flow deposits considered to be either arc basin and/or post-orogenic flysh basins that were syntectonic with the waning phases of arc collapse (Imlay et al., 1959, Ryberg, 1984, Garcia, 1982, Roure.and Blanchet, 1983). The intermediate and mafic igneous rocks of the Rogue arc and the pre-Nevadan sedimentary cover (the Galice Formation, (Garcia, 1979) are intruded by siliceous and intermediate plutonic rocks principally of quartz diorite and granodiorite composition (Dott, 1965, Saleeby, et al., 1982, Garcia, 1982, Harper and Wright, 1984). The plutonic rocks are locally tectonized into amphibolite, gneiss, banded gneiss and augen gneiss. Similar metamorphic rocks have yielded metamorphic ages of 165 to 150 Ma (Coleman, 1972, Hotz, 1971, Saleeby, et al., 1982, Coleman and Lanphere, 1991).

\n
\n

The Jurassic arc rocks and sedimentary cover occur as a tectonic outlier in this region (Figure 2) as they are bound to the northwest and southeast by melange, broken formation and semi-schists of the Dothan Formation and Dothan Formation(?) that are considered part of a late Mesozoic accretion complex (Ramp, 1972, Blake, et al., 1985). The plutonism that accompanied arc formation and tectonic collapse of the arc does not intrude the structurally underlying Dothan Formation, indicating major fault displacements since the Early Cretaceous. Semischistose and schistose rocks of the accretion complex have yielded metamorphic ages of around 125-140 Ma where they have been studied to the southwest (Coleman and Lanphere, 1971, Dott, 1965, Coleman, 1972). These rocks were unroofed and unconformably overlain by marine deposits by late early Eocene time (Baldwin, 1974).

\n
\n

The early Tertiary history of this region is controversial. The most recent interpretation is that during the Paleocene and early Eocene the convergent margin was undergoing transtension or forearc extension as suggested by the voluminous extrusion of pillow basalt and related dike complexes (Wells, et al., 1984, Snavely, 1987). This episode was followed shortly by thrust and strike-slip faulting in the late early Eocene (Ryberg, 1984).

\n
\n

During the Eocene, the Mesozoic convergent margin association of arc, clastic basin, and accretion complex was partly unroofed and faulted against early Cenozoic rocks of the Oregon Coast Ranges (Ramp, 1972, Baldwin, 1974, Champ, 1969, Ryberg, 1984). Faults that are typical of this period of deformation include high-angle reverse faults with a very strong component of strike-slip displacement characterized by a low-angle rake of striae. Thrust and oblique-slip faults are ubiquitous in early Tertiary rocks to the northwest (Ryberg, 1984, Niem and Niem, 1990).

\n
\n

The late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic arc and forearc rocks are unconformably overlain to the east by the late Eocene and younger, mainly continental fluvial deposits and pyroclastic flows of the Cascade arc (Peck, et al., 1964, Baldwin, 1974, Walker and MacLeod, 1991). Minor fossiliferous shallow marine sandstone is locally present. The volcanic sequence consists of a homoclinal section of about 1 to 2 kilometers of andesitic to rhyolitic flows and ash flow tuff. The section is gently east-tilted and is slightly disrupted by NE trending faults with apparent normal separation.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01226","usgsCitation":"Jayko, A.S., Wells, R., Givler, R.W., Fenton, J., and Sinor, M., 2001, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Dixonville 7.5' quadrangle, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-226, Map: 48.0 x 36.0 inches; Readme; Metadata: PDF; Metadata: TXT; Pamphlet: PDF, 10 p.; Pamphlet: TXT; Dataset; Map for plotting, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01226.","productDescription":"Map: 48.0 x 36.0 inches; Readme; Metadata: PDF; Metadata: TXT; Pamphlet: PDF, 10 p.; Pamphlet: TXT; Dataset; Map for plotting","numberOfPages":"10","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110198,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42120.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"42120"},{"id":3685,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0226/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282593,"rank":7,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0226/pdf/readme.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282592,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0226/pdf/01-226m.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282595,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0226/pdf/metadata.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282594,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0226/pdf/geol.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282596,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0226/ofr01226md.tar.gz","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":282597,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0226/ofr01226ps.tar.gz","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"National Geodetic Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains,Oregon Coast Ranges","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.25,43.125 ], [ -123.25,43.25 ], [ -123.125,43.25 ], [ -123.125,43.125 ], [ -123.25,43.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a72e4b07f02db642aeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jayko, Angela S. 0000-0002-7378-0330 ajayko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":2531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"Angela","email":"ajayko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":226423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":226424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Givler, R. W.","contributorId":48152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Givler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fenton, J.S.","contributorId":37708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sinor, M.","contributorId":21930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinor","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":44906,"text":"wri014036 - 2001 - Aquifer-characteristics data for West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:11","indexId":"wri014036","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4036","title":"Aquifer-characteristics data for West Virginia","docAbstract":"Specific-capacity, storage-coefficient, and specific-yield data for wells in West Virginia were compiled to provide a data set from which transmissivity could be estimated. This data can be used for analytical and mathematical groundwater flow modeling. Analysis of available storage-coefficient and (or) specific-yield data indicates the Ohio River alluvial aquifer has a median specific yield of 0.20, which is characteristic of an unconfined aquifer. The Kanawha River alluvial aquifer has a median specific yield of 0.003, which is characteristic of a semi-confined aquifer. The median storage coefficient of fractured-bedrock aquifers is only 0.007, which is characteristic of confined aquifers. \r\n\r\nThe highest median transmissivity of a specific aquifer in West Virginia occurs in Ohio River alluvium (4,800 ft2/d); the second highest occurs in Kanawha River alluvium (1,600 ft2/d). The lowest median transmissivity (23 ft2/d) is for the McKenzie-Rose Hill-Tuscarora aquifer. Rocks of Cambrian age within the Waynesboro-Tomstown-Harpers-Weverton-Loudon aquifer had a low median transmissivity of only 67 ft2/d. Other aquifers with low transmissivities include the Hampshire Formation, Brallier-Harrell Formations, Mahantango Formations, Oriskany Sandstone, and the Conococheague Formation with median transmissivities of 74, 72, 92, 82, and 92 ft2/d, respectively. All other aquifers within the State had intermediate values of transmissivity (130-920 ft2/d). The highest median transmissivities among bedrock aquifers were those for aquifers within the Pennsylvanian age Pocahontas Formation (1,200 ft2/d) and Pottsville Group (1,300 ft2/d), and the Mississippian age Mauch Chunk Group (1,300 ft2/d). These rocks crop out primarily in the southern part of the State and to a lesser extent within the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province in West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle. \r\n\r\nThe highest mean annual ground-water recharge rates within West Virginia (24.6 in.) occur within a band that extends through the central part of the State within the eastern part of the Kanawha River Basin. This area of relatively high relief has peaks higher than 4,000 ft and precipitation greater than 50 in./yr. The band of high recharge rates extends northward towards Pennsylvania and includes the Monongahela River Basin, which has a mean annual recharge of 21.4 inches. \r\n\r\nTo the west of this central band lies a region of lower relief with much lower mean annual precipitation rates. Mean annual recharge for the Tug Fork, Twelvepole Creek, and Guyandotte River Basins is only 12.6 inches. For the western part of the Kanawha River Basin, mean recharge is 11.9 inches. The lowest mean annual recharge rates (8.4 in.) within the State occur in the Little Kanawha River Basin and the tributary streams in the region that discharge directly to the Ohio River. \r\n\r\nWest Virginia's Eastern Panhandle is an area characterized by long linear northeast to southwest trending ridges and valleys. The mean annual ground-water recharge rate for this region, which is drained almost entirely by the Potomac River and its tributaries, is 9.4 inches. This area, which is located within a rain shadow resulting from orographic lifting in the higher altitude area to the west, receives less precipitation (approximately 30 in.) than the region to the west.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014036","usgsCitation":"Kozar, M.D., and Mathes, M.V., 2001, Aquifer-characteristics data for West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4036, iv, 74 p. : maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014036.","productDescription":"iv, 74 p. : maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3789,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014036/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c6e4b07f02db4aa494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathes, Melvin V.","contributorId":77571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathes","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}