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Microplastics are an ecological stressor with implications for ecosystem and human health when present in seafood. We quantified microplastic types, concentrations, anatomical burdens, geographic distribution, and temporal differences in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and Pacific razor clams (Siliqua patula) from 15 Oregon coast, U.S.A. sites. Microplastics were present in organisms from all sites. On average, whole oysters and razor clams contained 10.95 ± 0.77 and 8.84 ± 0.45 microplastic pieces per individual, or 0.35 ± 0.04 pieces g−1 tissue and 0.16 ± 0.02 pieces g−1 tissue, respectively. Contamination was quantified but not subtracted. Over 99% of microplastics were fibers. Material type was determined using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Spring samples contained more microplastics than summer samples in oysters but not razor clams. Our study is the first to document microplastics in Pacific razor clams and provides important coast‐wide data to compare microplastic burden across species, seasons, and sites.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10124","usgsCitation":"Baechler, B., Granek, E.F., Hunter, M.G., and Conn, K., 2020, Microplastic concentrations in two Oregon bivalve species: Spatial, temporal, and species variability: Limnology and Oceanography Letters, v. 5, no. 1, p. 54-65, https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10124.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"65","ipdsId":"IP-110433","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10124","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baechler, Britta","contributorId":221557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baechler","given":"Britta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granek, Elise F.","contributorId":176630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granek","given":"Elise","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, Matthew G.","contributorId":146866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conn, Kathleen E. 0000-0002-2334-6536 kconn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-6536","contributorId":3923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Kathleen E.","email":"kconn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206748,"text":"70206748 - 2020 - Coastal marsh bird habitat selection and responses to Hurricane Sandy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-24T14:32:03.568047","indexId":"70206748","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-12T16:14:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal marsh bird habitat selection and responses to Hurricane Sandy","docAbstract":"

Wetlands provide numerous ecosystem functions such as water purification, nutrient cycling, and wildlife habitat. Avian populations are indicators of wetland health, and understanding their responses to extreme events can aid in targeting restoration efforts following disturbance. Here, we assessed the habitat selection of six coastal wetland bird species (American Bittern, Black-crowned Night Heron, Great Egret, Glossy Ibis, Snowy Egret, Yellow-crowned Night Heron) related to an extreme weather event, Hurricane Sandy. We used Discrete Choice Resource Selection Functions to estimate habitat selection. Results showed species probability of use increased with lower elevation and slope, and closer proximity to marsh, salt marsh, Phragmites, and protected areas. Estimates of marsh dieback from Hurricane Sandy occurred disproportionately in areas with higher probability of species use. Species were observed farther from the coast and at higher elevations in the four breeding seasons after (2013–2016) compared to before (2000–2012) Hurricane Sandy. Our results indicate that although high suitability areas were affected by the storm, these six wetland bird species may have responded by moving inland and to higher elevation. Understanding how coastal wetland birds respond to storm events is important for conservation planning, particularly as storm frequency is projected to increase in the future.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-019-01230-2","usgsCitation":"Benscoter, A., Beerens, J., and Romanach, S., 2020, Coastal marsh bird habitat selection and responses to Hurricane Sandy: Wetlands, v. 40, p. 799-810, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-019-01230-2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"799","endPage":"810","ipdsId":"IP-105945","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77M063T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Determining the habitat suitability of coastal waterbirds in New Jersey: impacts related to Hurricane Sandy"},{"id":369363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"40","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benscoter, Allison 0000-0003-4205-3808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4205-3808","contributorId":220759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benscoter","given":"Allison","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beerens, James 0000-0001-8143-916X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-916X","contributorId":220760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beerens","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romanach, Stephanie 0000-0003-0271-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":220761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanach","given":"Stephanie","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206749,"text":"70206749 - 2020 - Petroleum hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices deployed in the Northern Gulf of Mexico and Florida keys following the Deepwater Horizon incident","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-03T10:43:16","indexId":"70206749","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-06T16:03:51","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petroleum hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices deployed in the Northern Gulf of Mexico and Florida keys following the Deepwater Horizon incident","docAbstract":"

The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill from April to July of 2010 contaminated Gulf of Mexico waters through release of an estimated 4.1 × 106 barrels of oil. Beginning in June of 2010, semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed near areas with sensitive marine habitats (Alabama Alps and Western Shelf) potentially exposed to that oil. Elevated TPAH50 concentrations, flux rates and similarity of histograms and diagnostic ratios for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from SPMDs to weathered floating oil collected during the DWH spill indicates the Alabama Alps habitats were affected. While not affected by oil from the DWH spill, the temporal pattern of PAH contamination of SPMDs deployed near the Western Shelf between July 2010 and March 2011 could indicate prevailing currents affected contaminant transport to the Western Shelf Area (East and West Flower Garden, Sonnier, and Stetson Banks) from non-DWH sources, including oil and gas exploration, shipping, and Mississippi River effluent.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110622","usgsCitation":"Bargar, T., Alvarez, D.A., and Stout, S.A., 2020, Petroleum hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices deployed in the Northern Gulf of Mexico and Florida keys following the Deepwater Horizon incident: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 150, 110662, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110622.","productDescription":"110662, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-101106","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110622","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Mexico","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Northern Gulf of Mexico, Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 25.443274612305746\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 25.443274612305746\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 27.800209937418252\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 27.800209937418252\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 25.443274612305746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 25.20494115356912\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 24.766784522874453\n ],\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 24.246964554300924\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 24.00632619875113\n ],\n [\n -80.0244140625,\n 25.045792240303445\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 25.20494115356912\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bargar, Timothy 0000-0001-8588-3436","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-3436","contributorId":220762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvarez, David A. 0000-0002-6918-2709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-2709","contributorId":220763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stout, Scott A.","contributorId":207029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stout","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70212820,"text":"70212820 - 2020 - Grazing-induced changes to biological soil crust cover mediate hillslope erosion in a long-term exclosure experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-31T13:19:26.065099","indexId":"70212820","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-05T08:17:15","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6002,"text":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grazing-induced changes to biological soil crust cover mediate hillslope erosion in a long-term exclosure experiment","docAbstract":"

Dryland ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to erosion generated by livestock grazing. Quantifying this risk across a variety of landscape settings is essential for successful adaptive management, particularly in light of a changing climate. In the Upper Colorado River Basin, there are nearly 25 000 km2 of rangelands with underlying soils derived from Mancos Shale, an erodible and saline geologic parent material. Salinity is a major concern within the Colorado River watershed, much of which is attributed to runoff and leaching from Mancos Shale deposits. In a 60-yr paired-watershed experiment in western Colorado, we used silt fences to measure differences in saline hillslope erosion, including both total sediment yield and concentrations of primary saline constituents (Na and Se), in watersheds that were either exposed to grazing or where livestock was excluded. After accounting for the strong effects of soil type, slope, and antecedent precipitation, we found that grazing increased sediment loss by ≈50% across our 8-yr time series (0.1–1.5 tn ha−1), consistent with levels reported at the watershed scale in early published work from studies at the same location. Eroded sediment Se levels were low and unaffected by grazing history, but Na concentrations were significantly reduced on grazed hillslopes, likely due to depletion of surface Na in soils exposed to chronic soil disturbance by livestock. Variable selection and path analysis identified that biological soil crust (BSC) cover, more than any other variable, explained the differences in sediment yields between grazed and ungrazed watersheds, partially through the enhancement of soil aggregate stability. Our results suggest that BSC cover should be granted heightened consideration in rangeland decision support tools (e.g., state-and-transition models) and that measures to reduce surface disturbance from livestock such as altering the timing or intensity of grazing may be effective for reducing downstream impacts.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2019.08.007","usgsCitation":"Fick, S.E., Belnap, J., and Duniway, M.C., 2020, Grazing-induced changes to biological soil crust cover mediate hillslope erosion in a long-term exclosure experiment: Rangeland Ecology & Management, v. 73, no. 1, p. 61-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2019.08.007.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"72","ipdsId":"IP-104884","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2019.08.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.1162109375,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -106.50146484374999,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -106.50146484374999,\n 40.58058466412761\n ],\n [\n -109.1162109375,\n 40.58058466412761\n ],\n [\n -109.1162109375,\n 38.238180119798635\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fick, Stephen E. 0000-0002-3548-6966","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3548-6966","contributorId":214319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fick","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70216085,"text":"70216085 - 2020 - Isotopic and geochemical assessment of the sensitivity of groundwater resources of Guam, Mariana Islands, to intra- and inter-annual variations in hydroclimate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-14T14:06:39.692747","indexId":"70216085","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-04T14:38:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic and geochemical assessment of the sensitivity of groundwater resources of Guam, Mariana Islands, to intra- and inter-annual variations in hydroclimate","docAbstract":"Assessing the sensitivity of groundwater systems to hydroclimate variability is critical to\nsustainable management of the water resources of Guam, US territory. We assess spatial and\ntemporal variability of isotopic and geochemical compositions of vadose and phreatic\ngroundwater sampled from cave drip sites and production wells, respectively, to better\nunderstand the vulnerability of the freshwater lens on Guam to variability in hydroclimate. We\nindependently evaluate the existing conceptual model of the Northern Guam Lens Aquifer that is largely based on physical, as opposed to geochemical, observations. Sampling was conducted from 2008 to 2015, over which rainfall gradually increased. Major ion geochemistry and Sr isotope values of groundwater show varying influence from soil, limestone bedrock, and\nseawater. Geochemical modeling that can explain spatial variability in groundwater Na+ and\nMg2+ concentrations and Sr/Ca and 87Sr/86 Sr values indicates that groundwater compositions are dominantly controlled by mixing of freshwater with seawater and water-rock interaction.\nDifferences between amount-weighted annual average precipitation δ18 O values and groundwater\nδ18 O values indicate a recharge bias toward the wet season, consistent with other tropical\ncarbonate island aquifer settings. Intra- and inter-annual variations in Na+ concentrations and\nδ18 O values in groundwater reflect sensitivity of recharge to seasonal variations in rainfall\namount and changes in annual rainfall amounts. Our results indicate the influence of multiple\nmodes of recharge on groundwater compositions and spatial variability in the sensitivity of\ngroundwater to seawater mixing. This sensitivity of the freshwater lens points to the vulnerability\nof groundwater resources to changes in recharge associated with climate, land-use change, and\nincreases in population.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.10.049","usgsCitation":"Beal, L., Wong, C.I., Bautista, K.K., Jenson, J.W., Banner, J.L., Lander, M.A., Gingerich, S.B., Partin, J.W., Hardt, B., and van Oort, N., 2020, Isotopic and geochemical assessment of the sensitivity of groundwater resources of Guam, Mariana Islands, to intra- and inter-annual variations in hydroclimate: Journal of Hydrology, v. 568, p. 174-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.10.049.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"183","ipdsId":"IP-097993","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Guam, Mariana Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 143.50341796875,\n 12.683214911818666\n ],\n [\n 146.95312499999997,\n 12.683214911818666\n ],\n [\n 146.95312499999997,\n 16.088042220148818\n ],\n [\n 143.50341796875,\n 16.088042220148818\n ],\n [\n 143.50341796875,\n 12.683214911818666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"568","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beal, Lakin","contributorId":244457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beal","given":"Lakin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wong, Corinne I.","contributorId":218689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wong","given":"Corinne","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":39889,"text":"Environmental Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bautista, Kaylyn K","contributorId":244458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bautista","given":"Kaylyn","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":39888,"text":"University of Guam, Water and Environmental Research Institute of the Western Pacific","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenson, John W.","contributorId":218688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":39888,"text":"University of Guam, Water and Environmental Research Institute of the Western Pacific","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Banner, Jay L.","contributorId":218690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banner","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":39890,"text":"University of Texas at Austin, Jackson School of Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lander, Mark A","contributorId":244459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lander","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":39888,"text":"University of Guam, Water and Environmental Research Institute of the Western Pacific","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gingerich, Stephen B. 0000-0002-4381-0746 sbginger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0746","contributorId":1426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"Stephen","email":"sbginger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":803994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Partin, Judson W.","contributorId":203459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Partin","given":"Judson","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36624,"text":"Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J. J. Pickle Research Campus, Building 196, 10100 Burnet Road (R2200), Austin, Texas 78758, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hardt, Ben","contributorId":244460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardt","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"van Oort, N.H.","contributorId":244521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Oort","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70208374,"text":"70208374 - 2020 - Hydrologic modeling for flow-ecology science in the Southeastern United States and Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-05T17:51:21","indexId":"70208374","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-01T17:50:59","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"SRS-246","title":"Hydrologic modeling for flow-ecology science in the Southeastern United States and Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"

An understanding of the applicability and utility of hydrologic models is critical to support the effective management of water resources throughout the Southeastern United States (SEUS) and Puerto Rico (PR). Hydrologic models have the capacity to provide an estimate of the quantity of available water at ungauged locations (i.e., areas of the country where a U.S. Geological Survey [USGS] continuous record gauge is not installed) and provide the baseline flow information necessary to develop the linkages between water availability and characteristics of streamflow that support ecological communities (i.e., support the development of flow-ecology response models). This report inventories and then directly examines and compares a subset of hydrologic models used to estimate streamflow at a number of gauged basins across the SEUS and PR. This effort was designed to evaluate, quantify, and compare the magnitude of error and to investigate the potential causes of error associated with predicted streamflows from seven hydrologic models of varying complexity and calibration strategy. This was accomplished by computing and then comparing classical hydrologic model fit statistics (e.g., mean bias, coefficient of determination [R2], root mean squared error [RMSE], Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency [NSE]) and understanding the bias in the prediction in these and a subset of ecologically relevant flow metrics (ERFMs). Additionally, streamflow predictions from a larger regional-scale hydrologic model were compared to those of several fine-scale hydrologic models under a range of hypothetical climate change scenarios to determine the range of predicted streamflow responses to fixed climate perturbations. A pilot study was conducted using predicted streamflow and boosted regression trees to develop a set of predictive flow-ecology response models to assess the potential change in fish species richness in the North Carolina Piedmont under several scenarios of water availability change. This report is intended to provide a general assessment of all the tools and techniques available to support hydrologic modeling for flow-ecology science in the SEUS and PR. It is our hope that the approach used herein to understand differences in streamflow predictions among a subset of hydrologic models that have been applied in the SEUS for developing flow-ecology response models will provide water resource managers and stakeholders with an informed pathway for developing the capacity to link streamflow and ecological response and an understanding of some of the limitations associated with these type of modeling efforts.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, P.V., Kennen, J., Hain, E.F., Nelson, S.A., Sun, G., and McNulty, S., 2020, Hydrologic modeling for flow-ecology science in the Southeastern United States and Puerto Rico: General Technical Report SRS-246, iii, 77 p.","productDescription":"iii, 77 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098574","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372091,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/59109"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -84.287109375,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -82.880859375,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 33.50475906922609\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n 34.66935854524543\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -76.552734375,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 30.44867367928756\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.2747802734375,\n 17.868975338932746\n ],\n [\n -65.23681640625,\n 17.868975338932746\n ],\n [\n -65.23681640625,\n 18.531700307384043\n ],\n [\n -67.2747802734375,\n 18.531700307384043\n ],\n [\n -67.2747802734375,\n 17.868975338932746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, Peter V.","contributorId":222249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":39172,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Center for Forest Watershed Science, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennen, Jonathan G. 0000-0002-5426-4445 jgkennen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4445","contributorId":574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennen","given":"Jonathan G.","email":"jgkennen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hain, Ernie F.","contributorId":141247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hain","given":"Ernie","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Stacy A.C.","contributorId":222250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Stacy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.C.","affiliations":[{"id":39171,"text":"Center for Geospatial Analytics, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sun, Ge","contributorId":145893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Ge","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6684,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Aiken, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McNulty, Steven G.","contributorId":222251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNulty","given":"Steven G.","affiliations":[{"id":39173,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Raleigh, NC, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70215604,"text":"70215604 - 2020 - Context-dependent effects of livestock grazing in deserts of western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-27T21:26:50.842753","indexId":"70215604","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-30T16:18:56","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Context-dependent effects of livestock grazing in deserts of western North America","docAbstract":"

This chapter provides a general review of grazing disturbance by large mammalian grazers and the role of ecological context in moderating its effects, with emphasis on North American deserts. It discusses the ecological consequences of cessation of livestock grazing and present a case study from the Mojave Desert, United States of America. A primary effect of grazing is selective removal and ingestion of herbaceous plants, in contrast to removal of woody biomass from woody plants by browsing herbivores. The consequences of grazing–and resilience of a system to grazing disturbance–are highly context-dependent and vary across rangelands globally. Synergistic interactions between soil depth and plant structural properties, such as rooting depth and water-use efficiency, also influence plant access to water, and therefore moderate plant responses to drought and resilience to grazing. In some ecosystems, livestock grazing constitutes a novel or intensified disturbance. Application of the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis to grazing disturbance has been relatively infrequently tested relative to other ecological disturbances.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Disturbance ecology and biological diversity: Scale, context, and nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","usgsCitation":"Veblen, K.E., Beever, E., and Pyke, D.A., 2020, Context-dependent effects of livestock grazing in deserts of western North America, chap. of Disturbance ecology and biological diversity: Scale, context, and nature, p. 89-113.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"113","ipdsId":"IP-105934","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":379838,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429095146"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.73522949218751,\n 34.00713506435885\n ],\n [\n -114.093017578125,\n 34.00713506435885\n ],\n [\n -114.093017578125,\n 35.40696093270201\n ],\n [\n -116.73522949218751,\n 35.40696093270201\n ],\n [\n -116.73522949218751,\n 34.00713506435885\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veblen, Kari E.","contributorId":76872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veblen","given":"Kari","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":147685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik A.","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5072,"text":"Office of Communication and Publishing","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209469,"text":"70209469 - 2020 - Occupancy Patterns of Breeding American Black Ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-09T18:27:45.620736","indexId":"70209469","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-29T13:15:25","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occupancy Patterns of Breeding American Black Ducks","docAbstract":"

Occupancy patterns can assist with the determination of habitat limitation during breeding or wintering periods and can help guide population and habitat management efforts. American black ducks (Anas rubripes; black ducks) are thought to be limited by habitat and food availability during the winter, but breeding sites may also limit the size or growth potential of the population. The Canadian Wildlife Service conducts an annual breeding waterfowl survey that we used to explore the hypothesis that black duck carrying capacity is limited by wetlands available for breeding in Québec, Canada. We applied single‐visit, multi‐species occupancy models to the 1990–2015 population survey data to determine if there was evidence the black duck population was limited by breeding habitat. Using a dynamic (multi‐season) occupancy modeling approach, we estimated latent occupancy (occupancy accounting for imperfect detection) of black ducks and then used latent occupancy estimates to derive occupancy, colonization, and extirpation rates. We jointly modeled the occupancy dynamics of black ducks and other duck species in wetlands where both species were present. Throughout the duration of the survey, 44% of wetlands were never observed to be occupied by black ducks. Occupancy models showed wetland size was positively associated with occupancy at the first time step (initial occupancy) and colonization. All 2‐species models indicated initial black duck occupancy, persistence (continued occupancy), and colonization were positively associated with the presence of a second species. Colonization rate over the 26‐year period ranged from 7% to 27% across all models. Extirpation rates were similar and were constant through time within each model. Low occupancy rates, combined with approximately equal colonization and extirpation rates, suggest there are available wetlands for breeding black ducks in their core breeding area. If breeding habitats are not saturated, this suggests migration or wintering areas may be more limiting to black duck population abundance. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21775","usgsCitation":"Roberts, A.J., Royle, J.A., Padding, P.I., Devers, P.K., Lepage, C., and Bordage, D., 2020, Occupancy Patterns of Breeding American Black Ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 84, no. 1, p. 150-160, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21775.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-109082","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Ontario, Quebec","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -56.9091796875,\n 51.34433866059924\n ],\n [\n -57.041015625,\n 52.07950600379697\n ],\n [\n -63.80859374999999,\n 52.07950600379697\n ],\n [\n -63.28125,\n 52.802761415419674\n ],\n [\n -64.3359375,\n 52.802761415419674\n ],\n [\n -65.126953125,\n 51.944264879028765\n ],\n [\n -67.32421875,\n 52.9883372533954\n ],\n [\n -67.1044921875,\n 54.95238569063361\n ],\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 54.316523240258256\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -73.1689453125,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -71.279296875,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -69.43359375,\n 47.42808726171425\n ],\n [\n -68.994140625,\n 47.42808726171425\n ],\n [\n -68.90625,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -61.52343749999999,\n 49.1242192485914\n ],\n [\n -56.9091796875,\n 51.34433866059924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Anthony J.","contributorId":191131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":139626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J.","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Padding, Paul I.","contributorId":38411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Padding","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Devers, Patrick K.","contributorId":167173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devers","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lepage, Christine","contributorId":194564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lepage","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bordage, Daniel","contributorId":223924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bordage","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70212822,"text":"70212822 - 2020 - Microsite enhancements for soil stabilization and rapid biocrust colonization in degraded drylands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-31T13:14:40.761883","indexId":"70212822","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-25T08:12:53","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microsite enhancements for soil stabilization and rapid biocrust colonization in degraded drylands","docAbstract":"

In dryland ecosystems, natural recovery of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) following disturbance may be slow or inhibited, necessitating active restoration practices. While biocrusts can be readily propagated under environmentally controlled conditions, rehabilitation in the field is complicated by environmental stresses which may be particularly acute in degraded, destabilized soils with harsh climatic conditions at the soil surface. In this study, we first present the results of a field trial at a severely degraded rangeland site examining the stabilizing effects of various soil amendments (polysaccharide glues and polyacrylamides) in combination with biocrust inoculum. We found that a psyllium compound was the only amendment to maintain effectiveness after 19 months, and the only treatment that maintained biocrust inoculum throughout the trial. In a subsequent short‐term experiment where plots were shaded and watered, we examined how biocrust inoculation rate (0, 20, and 40% initial cover) and the psyllium‐based amendment affected biocrust growth. After 4 months, visible biocrust cover in inoculated plots was greater than in controls, but only chlorophyll a exhibited a dosage‐response to inoculum application rate, indicating preferential establishment of cyanobacteria. Psyllium did not affect biocrust development but did improve soil stability. Shade and watering buffered against temperature extremes (up to 15°C) and increased the duration of moist surface conditions necessary for biocrust growth by up to 30%, mimicking conditions more common in the fall and winter months. Our results suggest that inducing early successional biocrusts on a highly degraded site is possible with suitable microclimate conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.13071","usgsCitation":"Fick, S.E., Day, N.K., Duniway, M.C., Hoy-Skubik, S.L., and Barger, N.N., 2020, Microsite enhancements for soil stabilization and rapid biocrust colonization in degraded drylands: Restoration Ecology, v. 28, no. S2, p. S139-S149, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13071.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"S139","endPage":"S149","ipdsId":"IP-108239","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"S2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fick, Stephen E. 0000-0002-3548-6966","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3548-6966","contributorId":214319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fick","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Natalie K. 0000-0002-8768-5705","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-5705","contributorId":207302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Natalie","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoy-Skubik, Sean Lawrence 0000-0002-9157-0126","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9157-0126","contributorId":239676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy-Skubik","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawrence","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barger, Nichole N.","contributorId":193039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barger","given":"Nichole","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70217886,"text":"70217886 - 2020 - Recovery of soils from acidic deposition may exacerbate nitrogen export from forested watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T13:05:32.025768","indexId":"70217886","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-24T06:59:42","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6495,"text":"JGR: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of soils from acidic deposition may exacerbate nitrogen export from forested watersheds","docAbstract":"

Effects of ambient decreases in N deposition on forest N cycling remain unclear as soils recover from acidic deposition. To investigate, repeated soil sampling data were related to deposition, vegetation, and stream data, for 2000–2015 in North and South Buck Creek watersheds, in the Adirondack region of New York, USA. In 63 other Adirondack streams, NO3− concentrations were also compared between 2004–2005 and 2014–2015, and a link between soil calcium and stream NO3− was investigated using data from 387 Adirondack streams that were sampled in either 2003–2005 or 2010–2011. No trends in N export or NO3− concentrations were observed in either Buck watershed despite a 45% decrease in N deposition, although South Buck N export was 2 to 3 times higher than in North Buck, where 48% of deposited N was accounted for by accumulation in the upper soil. In marked contrast, the upper profile in South Buck showed a net loss of N. Increased decomposition appeared likely in South Buck as those soils are adjusted to lower levels of acidifying S deposition, whereas decomposition increases in North Buck were likely suppressed by high levels of natural organic acidity. Stream NO3− concentrations in Buck watersheds bracketed regional results and were consistent with the regional streams that showed no overall change in NO3− concentrations between 2004 and 2014. A negative correlation observed between NO3− concentration and watershed buffering capacity expressed as the ratio of Ca2+ to SO42− also suggested that stream NO3− concentrations were elevated where soil Ca depletion had occurred.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019JG005036","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G.B., Scanga, S.E., and Sabo, R.D., 2020, Recovery of soils from acidic deposition may exacerbate nitrogen export from forested watersheds: JGR: Biogeosciences, v. 125, no. 1, e2019JG005036, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005036.","productDescription":"e2019JG005036, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098501","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jg005036","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanga, Sara E. 0000-0003-4022-4167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4022-4167","contributorId":178227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scanga","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":28019,"text":"Deptartment of Biology, Utica College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sabo, Robert D. 0000-0001-8713-7699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-7699","contributorId":178226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabo","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13479,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, 301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209218,"text":"70209218 - 2020 - Assessment of uncertainty in multi-model means of downscaled south Florida precipitation for projected (2019-2099) climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T17:52:07.624597","indexId":"70209218","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-21T13:34:09","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of uncertainty in multi-model means of downscaled south Florida precipitation for projected (2019-2099) climate","docAbstract":"South Florida resource management, particularly the Everglades restoration effort, is beginning to consider projections of precipitation from multiple climate models for decision-making. Because precipitation changes can significantly affect the Everglades ecosystem, characterization of precipitation projection uncertainty is important for resource management decisions, and reduction of uncertainty is desired for better decision-making. Though uncertainty of precipitation projections has been characterized for many regions, uncertainty has not been sufficiently quantified for south Florida. This study builds upon prior results for projected Florida precipitation by adding recent climate model simulations, seasonal and spatial information, and uncertainty quantification and reduction. We identify the multi-model mean change in south Florida precipitation and characterize the uncertainty of 37 statistically downscaled Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models. For 2019−45, there is a likely (over 60% of ensemble members) increase in south Florida annual mean precipitation owing to a likely to very likely (near 90% of ensemble members) increase in dry season (November, December, January) precipitation, while wet season (June, July, August) shows a more likely than not (over 50% of ensemble members) decrease in precipitation in southern region and increase in precipitation in northern region. As south Florida agencies are on the verge of including precipitation projections in their upcoming planning horizon, this information will aid south Florida practitioners in decisions influenced by future rainfall.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/joc.6365","usgsCitation":"Infanti, J., Kirtman, B.P., Aumen, N., Stamm, J., and Polsky, C., 2020, Assessment of uncertainty in multi-model means of downscaled south Florida precipitation for projected (2019-2099) climate: International Journal of Climatology, v. 40, no. 5, p. 2764-2777, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6365.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2764","endPage":"2777","ipdsId":"IP-093799","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/57234","text":"External Repository"},{"id":373482,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"South Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 28.033197847676377\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 28.07198030177986\n ],\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 27.371767300523047\n ],\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 26.54922257769204\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 25.681137335685307\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 24.686952411999155\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -79.5849609375,\n 26.470573022375085\n ],\n [\n -79.98046875,\n 27.839076094777816\n ],\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 28.033197847676377\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Infanti, Johnna 0000-0001-7572-6373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7572-6373","contributorId":223551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Infanti","given":"Johnna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40739,"text":"University of Miami Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirtman, Ben P. 0000-0001-7423-2734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-2734","contributorId":223552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirtman","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":40740,"text":"University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aumen, Nicholas 0000-0002-5277-2630","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5277-2630","contributorId":223550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aumen","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stamm, John F. 0000-0002-3404-2933","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":204339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John F.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Polsky, Colin","contributorId":221205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Polsky","given":"Colin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70224286,"text":"70224286 - 2020 - Predictive multi-scale occupancy models at range-wide extents: Effects of habitat and human disturbance on distributions of wetland birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T12:56:45.40967","indexId":"70224286","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-21T07:55:23","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive multi-scale occupancy models at range-wide extents: Effects of habitat and human disturbance on distributions of wetland birds","docAbstract":"

Aim

Predicting distributions is fundamental to ecology, yet hindered by spatially restricted sampling, scale-dependent relationships and detection error associated with field surveys. Predictive species distribution models (SDMs) are nonetheless vital for conservation of many species. We developed a framework for building predictive SDMs with multi-scale data and used it to develop range-wide breeding-season SDMs for 14 marsh bird species of concern.

Location

USA.

Methods

We built SDMs using data from range-wide surveys conducted over 14 years, and habitat and disturbance covariates measured at multiple spatial scales. We built hierarchical occupancy models that included heterogeneity in detectability during sampling, and used Bayesian model selection to regulate model complexity (covariates and scales) based explicitly on spatial predictive abilities. We thus integrated model selection for optimizing out-of-sample prediction, range-wide sampling over broad conditions, multi-scale analyses and scale optimization, and species-specific detectability for a suite of wide-ranging species.

Results

Distributions of marsh birds were affected by local wetland conditions, but also by agricultural, urban and hydrologic disturbances operating from local scales (100–500 m) to the watershed level. Variables measuring human disturbances improved prediction for most species, and every species was affected by attributes at >1 scale. Five species showed evidence for continental-scale range contraction during the study.

Main conclusions

We demonstrate how hierarchical occupancy models can be optimized for prediction across a species' range at the extent of a continent while also accounting for imperfect detection, and thus describe a generalizable approach that can be used for any species. We provide the first data-driven, empirical SDMs built at the range-wide extent for most of our 14 study species and demonstrate that previous studies focused on local distributions and the effects of fine-scale wetland vegetation missed important broadscale drivers of occupancy for marsh birds.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.12995","usgsCitation":"Stevens, B.S., and Conway, C.J., 2020, Predictive multi-scale occupancy models at range-wide extents: Effects of habitat and human disturbance on distributions of wetland birds: Diversity and Distributions, v. 26, no. 1, p. 34-48, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12995.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-105638","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12995","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":389474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Bryan S.","contributorId":171809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206418,"text":"70206418 - 2020 - Low streamflow trends at human-impacted and reference basins in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-04T14:42:50","indexId":"70206418","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-18T14:36:34","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low streamflow trends at human-impacted and reference basins in the United States","docAbstract":"We present a continent-scale exploration of trends in annual 7-day low streamflows at 2482 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages across the conterminous United States over the past 100, 75, and 50 years (1916–2015, 1941–2015 and 1966–2015). We used basin characteristics to identify subsets of study basins representative of reference basins with streamflow relatively free from human effects (n = 259), and predominantly agricultural basins (n = 78), regulated basins (n = 220), and urban basins (n = 121). Trend significance was computed using the Mann-Kendall test considering short- and long-term persistence. Lag-one autocorrelation tests of detrended 7-day low streamflows for all gage classes show that time-series independence is not an appropriate assumption for annual low streamflow data at many basins. Among all study gages, upward trends (wetter conditions) in 7-day low streamflows outnumbered downward trends (drier conditions) approximately 2–1 for the 75- and 100-year trend periods—50-year trends indicated roughly equal numbers of increases and decreases. Increases in 7-day low streamflow were consistently observed for all time periods throughout much of the northeastern quadrant of the conterminous U.S. including western New England and the Mid-Atlantic, the southeastern Great Lakes basin, northern Ohio River basin, and the Upper Mississippi River and eastern Missouri River basins. Decreases in 7-day low streamflow were consistently observed for all time periods at many gages in the southeastern U.S. and in the northwestern U.S. in much of Idaho and northwestern Washington. Overall, we observed greater percentages of statistically significant trends at gages with human-induced influences than at reference gages. Low-flow trends at agricultural gages were regionally consistent with trends at reference gages. Regulated basins had many statistically significant upward trends for all three time periods tested, which may be attributed in part to substantial increases in dam-related storage prior to 1970. Urban gages had the greatest percentage of significant decreases in 7-day low flows compared to all other gage classes even though most urban gages saw upward trends in mean annual flows. Urban gages also had the greatest percentage of significant increases in low flows second only to regulated gages, highlighting that urban development can increase or decrease low streamflows depending on the basin-specific development.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124254","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R., Hirsch, R.M., Archfield, S.A., Blum, A., and Renard, B., 2020, Low streamflow trends at human-impacted and reference basins in the United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 580, 124254, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124254.","productDescription":"124254, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098641","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124254","text":"Publisher Index 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Runoff increases after wildfires that burn vegetation and create a condition of soil-water repellence (SWR). A new post-fire watershed hydrological model, PFHydro, was created to explicitly simulate vegetation interception and SWR effects for four burn severity categories: high, medium, low severity and unburned. The model was applied to simulate post-fire runoff from the Upper Cache Creek Watershed in California, USA. Nash–Sutcliffe modeling efficiency (NSE) was used to assess model performance. The NSE was 0.80 and 0.88 for pre-fire water years (WY) 2000 and 2015, respectively. NSE was 0.88 and 0.93 for WYs 2016 (first year post-fire) and 2017 respectively. The simulated percentage of surface runoff in total runoff of WY 2016 was about six times that of pre-fire WY 2000 and three times that of WY 2015. The modeling results suggest that SWR is an important factor for post-fire runoff generation. The model was successful at simulating SWR behavior.

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Long‐term monitoring of experimental urban watersheds in Clarksburg, Maryland, USA, provided an opportunity to examine changes in event‐based streamflow metrics in two treatment watersheds that transitioned from agriculture to suburban development with a high density of infiltration‐focused stormwater control measures (SCMs). Urban Treatment 1 has predominantly single family detached housing with 33% impervious cover and 126 SCMs. Urban Treatment 2 has a mix of single family detached and attached housing with 44% impervious cover and 219 SCMs. Differences in streamflow‐event magnitude and timing were assessed using a before‐after‐control‐reference‐impact design to compare urban treatment watersheds to a forested control and an urban control with detention‐focused SCMs. Streamflow and precipitation events were identified from 14 years of sub‐daily monitoring data with an automated approach to characterize peak streamflow, runoff yield, runoff ratio, streamflow duration, time to peak, rise rate, and precipitation depth for each event. Results indicated that streamflow magnitude and timing were altered by urbanization in the urban treatment watersheds, even with SCMs treating 100% of the impervious area. The largest hydrologic changes were observed in streamflow magnitude metrics, with greater hydrologic change in Urban Treatment 2 compared to Urban Treatment 1. While streamflow changes were observed in both urban treatment watersheds, SCMs were able to mitigate peak flows and runoff volumes compared to the urban control. The urban control had similar impervious cover to Urban Treatment 2, but Urban Treatment 2 had more than twice the precipitation depth needed to initiate a flow response and lower median peak flow and runoff yield for events less than 20 mm. Differences in impervious cover between the Urban Treatment watersheds appeared to be a large driver of differences in streamflow response, rather than SCM density. Overall, use of infiltration‐focused SCMs implemented at a watershed‐scale did provide enhanced attenuation of peak flow and runoff volumes compared to centralized‐detention SCMs.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.13593","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, K.G., Bhaskar, A.S., Woznicki, S., and Fanelli, R., 2020, Changes in event‐based streamflow magnitude and timing after suburban development with infiltration‐based stormwater management: Hydrological Processes, v. 34, no. 2, p. 387-403, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13593.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"403","ipdsId":"IP-108936","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458618,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-14T23:26:06.094069","indexId":"70215284","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-08T18:15:26","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of land use and hydrologic variability on seasonal dissolved organic carbon and nitrate export: Insights from a multi-year regional analysis for the northeastern USA","docAbstract":"

Land use/land cover (LULC) change has significant impacts on nutrient loading to aquatic systems and has been linked to deteriorating water quality globally. While many relationships between LULC and nutrient loading have been identified, characterization of the interaction between LULC, climate (specifically variable hydrologic forcing) and solute export across seasonal and interannual time scales is needed to understand the processes that determine nutrient loading and responses to change. Recent advances in high-frequency water quality sensors provide opportunities to assess these interannual relationships with sufficiently high temporal resolution to capture the unpredictable, short-term storm events that likely drive important export mechanisms for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3−–N). We deployed a network of in situ sensors in forested, agricultural, and urban watersheds across the northeastern United States. Using 2 years of high-frequency sensor data, we provide a regional assessment of how LULC and hydrologic variability affected the timing and magnitude of dissolved organic carbon and nitrate export, and the status of watershed fluxes as either supply or transport controlled. Analysis of annual export dynamics revealed systematic differences in the timing and magnitude of DOC and NO3−–N delivery among different LULC classes, with distinct regional similarities in the timing of DOC and NO3−–N fluxes from forested and urban watersheds. Conversely, export dynamics at agricultural sites appeared to be highly site-specific, likely driven by local agricultural practices and regulations. Furthermore, the magnitude of solute fluxes across watersheds responded strongly to interannual variability in rainfall, suggesting a high degree of hydrologic control over nutrient loading across the region. Thus, there is strong potential for climate-driven changes in regional hydrologic cycles to drive variation in the magnitude of downstream nutrient fluxes, particularly in watersheds where solute supply and/or transport has been modified.

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England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vermilyea, Andrew W.","contributorId":178909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vermilyea","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":35721,"text":"Castleton University, Castleton, Vermont, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Levia, Delphis F.","contributorId":199005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levia","given":"Delphis F.","affiliations":[{"id":27264,"text":"University of Delaware, Newark, DE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wemple, Beverley","contributorId":243082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wemple","given":"Beverley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schroth, Andrew W.","contributorId":192042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroth","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17809,"text":"University of Vermont, Burlington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70208238,"text":"70208238 - 2020 - Alignment of surface water ontologies: A comparison of manual and automated approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-06T21:38:47.796836","indexId":"70208238","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-08T07:09:30","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2305,"text":"Journal of Geographical Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alignment of surface water ontologies: A comparison of manual and automated approaches","docAbstract":"More data are being collected about the world around us than ever before, but effectively using this information requires different data stores to be integrated in such a way that they can be seamlessly queried and analyzed. Automated alignment algorithms exist to facilitate this data integration challenge. In this paper we examine the utility of two current leading automated alignment systems to integrate four ontologies from the surface water domain. We show that the performance of such systems in this domain lags behind their results on popular benchmarks, and therefore incorporate the alignment task described here into the set of benchmarks used by the alignment community. In addition, we show that, with minor modifications, existing alignment algorithms can be used effectively within a semi-automated alignment system for the surface water domain.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10109-019-00312-3","usgsCitation":"Cheatham, M., Varanka, D.E., Arauz, F., and Zhou, L., 2020, Alignment of surface water ontologies: A comparison of manual and automated approaches: Journal of Geographical Systems, v. 22, no. 2, p. 267-289, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-019-00312-3.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"289","ipdsId":"IP-101017","costCenters":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheatham, Michelle","contributorId":222086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheatham","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13348,"text":"Wright State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varanka, Dalia E. 0000-0003-2857-9600 dvaranka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-9600","contributorId":1296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varanka","given":"Dalia","email":"dvaranka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arauz, Fatima","contributorId":222087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arauz","given":"Fatima","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13348,"text":"Wright State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhou, Lu","contributorId":222088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"Lu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13348,"text":"Wright State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70213256,"text":"70213256 - 2020 - Addressing barriers to improve biocrust colonization and establishment in dryland restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-16T14:01:21.735907","indexId":"70213256","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-06T08:53:16","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Addressing barriers to improve biocrust colonization and establishment in dryland restoration","docAbstract":"

Methods to reduce soil loss and associated loss of ecosystem functions due to land degradation are of particular importance in dryland ecosystems. Biocrusts are communities of cyanobacteria, lichens, and bryophytes that are vulnerable to soil disturbance, but provide vital ecosystem functions when present. Biocrusts stabilize soil, improve hydrologic function, and increase nutrient and carbon inputs. Methods to reestablish biocrust rapidly, when lost from ecosystems, have the potential to restore important dryland ecosystem functions and thereby increase probability of successful rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to identify habitat ameliorations to enhance the success of biocrust inoculation by: (1) reducing physiological stress on biocrusts and increasing resource availability (using shade, soil surface roughening, and watering), and (2) stabilizing mobile soils (using straw borders, three soil tackifiers [soil stabilizers], and a combination of shade, water, roughening, and tackifier). In the Great Basin Desert on the Utah Test and Training Range near Salt Lake City, we applied field‐harvested biocrust material to experimental plots on coarse‐ and fine‐textured soils with the top 2 cm of soil and biocrust removed. Habitat ameliorations were applied with and without biocrust addition. Shade provision increased biocrust cover 50% over controls. Biocrust cover and soil stability were 65% lower in straw border plots relative to controls. Soil tackifiers, alone and in combination with resource augmentation and stress reduction, did not improve cover and stabilization over inoculated controls. We found variability in recovery by time and between soil types. These results suggest plausible strategies to improve success of biocrust inoculation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.13052","usgsCitation":"Antoninka, A., Bowker, M.A., Barger, N., Belnap, J., Giraldo Silva, A., Reed, S., Garcia-Pichel, F., and Duniway, M.C., 2020, Addressing barriers to improve biocrust colonization and establishment in dryland restoration: Restoration Ecology, v. 28, no. S2, p. s150-s159, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13052.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"s150","endPage":"s159","ipdsId":"IP-107960","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.7030029296875,\n 40.711873951908096\n ],\n [\n -112.80487060546875,\n 40.711873951908096\n ],\n [\n -112.80487060546875,\n 41.333513657873205\n ],\n [\n -113.7030029296875,\n 41.333513657873205\n ],\n [\n -113.7030029296875,\n 40.711873951908096\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"S2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antoninka, Anita","contributorId":166769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Antoninka","given":"Anita","affiliations":[{"id":24503,"text":"Northern Arizona University, School of Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":798874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barger, Nichole N.","contributorId":102392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barger","given":"Nichole N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giraldo Silva, Ana","contributorId":181758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giraldo Silva","given":"Ana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":205372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garcia-Pichel, Ferran","contributorId":240675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Pichel","given":"Ferran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70206983,"text":"70206983 - 2020 - Dissolved oxygen controls summer habitat of Clear Lake Hitch (Lavinia exilicauda chi), an imperilled potamodromous cyprinid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-06T21:05:05.456323","indexId":"70206983","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-03T08:36:44","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved oxygen controls summer habitat of Clear Lake Hitch (Lavinia exilicauda chi), an imperilled potamodromous cyprinid","docAbstract":"The Clear Lake Hitch is an imperiled minnow endemic to Clear Lake, Lake County, California, USA that is listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act (ESA) and is a candidate for listing under the United States ESA. It exhibits a potamodromous life cycle whereby adults, which reach up to 6+ years in age and over 350 mm in length, migrate into Clear Lake’s ephemeral tributaries briefly during spring to spawn. Conservation and management of Clear Lake Hitch is inhibited, in part, by a lack of information on the lacustrine distribution and habitat of non-breeding individuals within Clear Lake. To address this problem, we sampled Clear Lake Hitch with gill nets in a stratified random sampling design to determine the distribution and habitat associations in early summer 2017 and 2018. We identified abundance-habitat relationships for juvenile and adult Clear Lake Hitch using Bayesian zero-inflated negative binomial generalized linear mixed modeling. The results indicated that dissolved oxygen concentration was the most important habitat feature among those measured; both juvenile and adult Clear Lake Hitch were substantially more abundant in normoxic (> 2 mg l-1) than in hypoxic (< 2 mg l-1) habitat. Both life stages also exhibited weak positive relationships with chlorophyll fluorescence, suggesting that relatively productive habitats may support higher numbers of Clear Lake Hitch. Spatially, juveniles were most abundant in nearshore habitats while adults were ubiquitous, indicating an ontogentic habitat expansion that may be associated with a resource availability-predation risk tradeoff. Management actions undertaken to improve or alleviate water quality and hypoxia problems in Clear Lake would also improve Clear Lake Hitch habitat.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12505","usgsCitation":"Feyrer, F.V., Young, M., Patton, O., and Ayers, D.E., 2020, Dissolved oxygen controls summer habitat of Clear Lake Hitch (Lavinia exilicauda chi), an imperilled potamodromous cyprinid: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 29, no. 2, p. 188-196, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12505.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"196","ipdsId":"IP-107703","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12505","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feyrer, Frederick V. 0000-0003-1253-2349 ffeyrer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-2349","contributorId":178379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feyrer","given":"Frederick","email":"ffeyrer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, Matt 0000-0001-9306-6866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-6866","contributorId":220980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Matt","affiliations":[{"id":7089,"text":"University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patton, Oliver 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Fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-08T18:08:16.605258","indexId":"70206569","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-02T08:23:49","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1652,"text":"Fish and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining progress toward achieving the Ten Steps of the Rome Declaration on Responsible Inland Fisheries","docAbstract":"Inland capture fisheries provide food for nearly a billion people and are important in the livelihoods of millions of households worldwide. Although there are limitations to evaluating many of the contributions made by inland capture fisheries, there is growing recognition by the international community that these services make critical contributions, most notably to food security and livelihoods in rural populations in those low-income countries with extensive freshwater resources. With the increasing appreciation of the key role of inland fisheries to the health and well-being of human populations globally, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Michigan State University convened the 2015 global conference, Freshwater, fish, and the future – cross-sectoral approaches to sustain livelihoods, food security, and aquatic ecosystems. What emerged from the interactions between inland fisheries scientists, resource managers, policy makers, and community representatives from across the world, was a forward-looking call-to-action culminating with the 2015 Rome Declaration “Ten Steps to Responsible Inland Fisheries” (FAO and MSU 2016). Four years after this landmark conference and Declaration, we seek to advance discussion on the “Ten Steps,” namely, what successful implementation looks like, assess current examples of implementation, suggest potential signals of progress, and provide some specific, indicative examples of progress for each step. While there are promising signs of progress, we conclude that there remains a strong need to galvanize momentum for sustained action to ensure that inland fish and fisheries are accounted for and incorporated into broader water resource management discussions and frameworks.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/faf.12410","usgsCitation":"Lynch, A., Bartley, D.M., Beard, D., Cowx, I.G., Funge-Smith, S., Taylor, W.W., and Cooke, S.J., 2020, Examining progress toward achieving the Ten Steps of the Rome Declaration on Responsible Inland Fisheries: Fish and Fisheries, v. 21, no. 1, p. 190-203, https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12410.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"203","ipdsId":"IP-108378","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lynch, Abigail 0000-0001-8449-8392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-8392","contributorId":220490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Abigail","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartley, Devin M.","contributorId":15913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartley","given":"Devin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beard, Douglas","contributorId":220491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cowx, Ian. G.","contributorId":220479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cowx","given":"Ian.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":40174,"text":"University of Hull","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Funge-Smith, Simon","contributorId":197466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funge-Smith","given":"Simon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, William W.","contributorId":166927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cooke, Steve J.","contributorId":220492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70208456,"text":"70208456 - 2020 - Lake Ontario deepwater sculpin recovery: An unexpected outcome of ecosystem change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T11:54:39","indexId":"70208456","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-30T12:38:18","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Lake Ontario deepwater sculpin recovery: An unexpected outcome of ecosystem change","docAbstract":"Fish population recoveries can result from ecosystem change in the absence of targeted restoration actions. In Lake Ontario, native Deepwater Sculpin Myoxecephalus thompsonii, were common in the late-1800s, but by the mid-1900s the species was possibly extirpated. During this period mineral nutrient inputs increased and piscivore abundance declined, which increased the abundance of the nonnative planktivores Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax. Deepwater Sculpin larvae are pelagic and vulnerable to predation by planktivores. Annual bottom trawl surveys did not capture Deepwater Sculpin from 1978 – 1995 (n = 6,666 tows) despite sampling appropriate habitat (trawl depths: 7 – 170 m). The absence of observations during this time resulted in an elevated conservation status for the species, but no restoration actions were initiated. In 1996, three individuals were caught in bottom trawls, the first observed since 1972. Since then, their abundance has increased and in 2017 they were the second most abundant Lake Ontario prey fish. The food-web changes that occurred from 1970 through the 1990s contributed to this recovery. Alewife and Rainbow Smelt abundance declined during this period due to predation by stocked salmonids and legislation that reduced nutrient inputs and food web productivity. In the 1990s, the proliferation of nonnative, filter-feeding dreissenid mussels dramatically increased water clarity. As light penetration increased, the early-spring depth distribution of Alewife and Rainbow Smelt shifted deeper, away from larval Deepwater Sculpin habitat. The intentional and unintentional changes that occurred in Lake Ontario were not targeted at Deepwater Sculpin restoration but resulted in conditions that favored the species’ recovery. While standard surveys documented the recovery, more diverse information (e.g. observations in deep habitats and early-life stages) would have improved our understanding of why the species recovered when it did. Annual Lake Ontario trawl surveys have collaboratively expanded their spatial extent and diversified habitat sampled, based on lessons learned from the Deepwater Sculpin recovery.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From catastrophe to recovery: Stories of fish management success","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Weidel, B., Connerton, M., Walsh, M., Holden, J., Holleck, K., and Lantry, B.F., 2020, Lake Ontario deepwater sculpin recovery: An unexpected outcome of ecosystem change, chap. of From catastrophe to recovery: Stories of fish management success, p. 467-482.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"482","ipdsId":"IP-100895","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada ","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -79.837646484375,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -79.3212890625,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -78.94775390625,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -78.24462890625,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -77.596435546875,\n 43.23719944365308\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 43.54058479482877\n ],\n [\n -76.190185546875,\n 43.874138181474734\n ],\n [\n -76.09130859375,\n 43.94537239244209\n ],\n [\n -76.453857421875,\n 44.22158376545796\n ],\n [\n -76.88232421875,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -78.277587890625,\n 43.95328204198018\n ],\n [\n -79.34326171875,\n 43.731414013769\n ],\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 43.32517767999296\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connerton, Michael J.","contributorId":25495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connerton","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, Maureen 0000-0001-7846-5025","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-5025","contributorId":222360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walsh","given":"Maureen","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holden, Jeremy","contributorId":139654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holden","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[{"id":12864,"text":"OMNRF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holleck, Kristen","contributorId":222361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holleck","given":"Kristen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38193,"text":"Cornell","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lantry, Brian F. 0000-0001-8797-3910 bflantry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-3910","contributorId":3435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"Brian","email":"bflantry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70208624,"text":"70208624 - 2020 - An integrative GIS approach to analyzing the impacts of septic systems on the coast of Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-12T16:35:27.730944","indexId":"70208624","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-27T09:49:56","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3059,"text":"Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrative GIS approach to analyzing the impacts of septic systems on the coast of Florida, USA","docAbstract":"

An estimated 2.7 million septic systems in Florida, USA are potential ground and surface water contaminant sources that may affect environmental and human health. This study examined the spatial distribution of septic systems, coastal surface water contamination, and related environmental factors of coastal Florida watersheds at the 8-digit hydrologic unit code level. Hydrology, in situ sampling data, and other ancillary data were combined in a geographic information system to examine spatial relationships. Spatial distribution data were correlated to nitrogen, Enterococci counts, and beach closures tabulated since 2000, 2007, and 2012. Significant positive correlations (α = 0.05) with nitrogen and Enterococci counts were consistent for percent agricultural cover, percent combined urban and agricultural cover, septic tank density, population density, and septic tank density in poorly drained soils. Beach closures since 2012 were significantly positively correlated (α = 0.05) to average impervious cover (IC) and percent urbanization. Statistics indicated that Enterococci counts, nitrogen, and beach closures may be related to specific environmental factors and septic tank densities. The combination of septic tanks in urban regions with high IC prone to elevated runoff could also be a factor in surface water contamination. Data availability was also highlighted as a limitation due to infrequent spatial and temporal sampling.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2019.1671297","usgsCitation":"Flanagan, K., Dixon, B., Rivenbark, T., and Griffin, D.W., 2020, An integrative GIS approach to analyzing the impacts of septic systems on the coast of Florida, USA: Physical Geography, v. 41, no. 5, p. 407-432, https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2019.1671297.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"432","ipdsId":"IP-093655","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"41","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flanagan, Kyle","contributorId":222648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, Barnali","contributorId":201960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dixon","given":"Barnali","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36308,"text":"USFSP","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rivenbark, Tess","contributorId":222649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivenbark","given":"Tess","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70227480,"text":"70227480 - 2020 - Stock-recruitment dynamics of a freshwater clupeid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T12:54:52.994003","indexId":"70227480","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-23T06:51:51","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stock-recruitment dynamics of a freshwater clupeid","docAbstract":"

The clupeid gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum is often the most abundant fish species in North American reservoirs, and this dominance can have cascading trophic effects on entire fish assemblages. Accordingly, a key aspect of managing reservoir fish assemblages involves controlling gizzard shad densities. We used a 33-year time series to evaluate the relative importance of parental stock density, winter temperature, and water regime on recruitment of age-0 gizzard shad in a large reservoir. Recruitment modeled with a Ricker-type curve increased with the size of the adult stock, peaked, and then decreased at high stock densities. This over-compensatory stock-recruitment relationship was made more dynamic by fluctuations in inflow, with recruitment increasing in years of high inflow, however there was no temperature effect at the latitude of the study site. The influence of stock size on recruitment was roughly twice as high as the influence of inflow. This study is the first to report stock-recruitment relationships for a clupeid species in a reservoir and concurs with analyses of marine fishes that have shown that most clupeids exhibit compensatory or over-compensatory patterns in their stock-recruitment relationships.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2019.105378","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., Norris, D.M., Strarnes, V., Faucheux, N.M., and Holman, T., 2020, Stock-recruitment dynamics of a freshwater clupeid: Fisheries Research, v. 221, 105378, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2019.105378.","productDescription":"105378, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108154","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2019.105378","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":394502,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"221","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norris, D. M.","contributorId":271192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norris","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strarnes, V.R.","contributorId":271193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strarnes","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Faucheux, Nicky M.","contributorId":271194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faucheux","given":"Nicky","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holman, T.","contributorId":204903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holman","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70222333,"text":"70222333 - 2020 - Designing flows to enhance ecosystem functioning in heavily altered rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-22T15:32:32.935079","indexId":"70222333","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-19T10:21:05","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Designing flows to enhance ecosystem functioning in heavily altered rivers","docAbstract":"

More than a century of dam construction and water development in the western United States has led to extensive ecological alteration of rivers. Growing interest in improving river function is compelling practitioners to consider ecological restoration when managing dams and water extraction. We developed an Ecological Response Model (ERM) for the Cache la Poudre River, northern Colorado, USA, to illuminate effects of current and possible future water management and climate change. We used empirical data and modeled interactions among multiple ecosystem components to capture system-wide insights not possible with the unintegrated models commonly used in environmental assessments. The ERM results showed additional flow regime modification would further alter the structure and function of Poudre River aquatic and riparian ecosystems due to multiple and interacting stressors. Model predictions illustrated that specific peak flow magnitudes in spring and early summer are critical for substrate mobilization, dynamic channel morphology, and overbank flows, with strong subsequent effects on instream and riparian biota that varied seasonally and spatially, allowing exploration of nuanced management scenarios. Instream biological indicators benefitted from higher and more stable base flows and high peak flows, but stable base flows with low peak flows were only half as effective to increase indicators. Improving base flows while reducing peak flows, as currently proposed for the Cache la Poudre River, would further reduce ecosystem function. Modeling showed that even presently depleted annual flow volumes can achieve substantially different ecological outcomes in designed flow scenarios, while still supporting social demands. Model predictions demonstrated that implementing designed flows in a natural pattern, with attention to base and peak flows, may be needed to preserve or improve ecosystem function of the Poudre River. Improved regulatory policies would include preservation of ecosystem-level, flow-related processes and adaptive management when water development projects are considered.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2005","usgsCitation":"Bestgen, K.R., Poff, N.L., Baker, D.W., Bledsoe, B.P., Merritt, D.M., Lorie, M., Auble, G.T., Sanderson, J.S., and Kondratieff, B.C., 2020, Designing flows to enhance ecosystem functioning in heavily altered rivers: Ecological Applications, v. 30, no. 1, e02005, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2005.","productDescription":"e02005, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-104612","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Cache la Poudre River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.029052734375,\n 40.32351403031129\n ],\n [\n -104.48272705078124,\n 40.32351403031129\n ],\n [\n -104.48272705078124,\n 40.81796653313175\n ],\n [\n -106.029052734375,\n 40.81796653313175\n ],\n [\n -106.029052734375,\n 40.32351403031129\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bestgen, Kevin R. 0000-0001-8691-2227","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8691-2227","contributorId":171573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bestgen","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poff, N. LeRoy","contributorId":261271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poff","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"LeRoy","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Daniel W","contributorId":261272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bledsoe, Brian P.","contributorId":140605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bledsoe","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13538,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merritt, David M.","contributorId":192229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merritt","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24595,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lorie, Mark","contributorId":172964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorie","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sanderson, John S.","contributorId":210638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanderson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kondratieff, Boris C.","contributorId":24868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"Boris","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17860,"text":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70205866,"text":"70205866 - 2020 - Quantifying hydrologic controls on local- and landscape-scale indicators of coastal wetland loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-06T10:54:20","indexId":"70205866","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-18T17:02:55","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":789,"text":"Annals of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying hydrologic controls on local- and landscape-scale indicators of coastal wetland loss","docAbstract":"
Background and Aims

Coastal wetlands have evolved to withstand stressful abiotic conditions through the maintenance of hydrologic feedbacks among vegetation production and flooding. However, disruption of these feedbacks can lead to ecosystem collapse, or a regime shift from vegetated wetland to open water. To prevent the loss of critical coastal wetland habitat, we must improve understanding of the abiotic-biotic linkages among flooding and wetland stability. The aim of this research was to identify characteristic landscape patterns and thresholds of wetland degradation that can be used to identify areas of vulnerability, reduce flooding threats, and improve habitat quality.

Methods

We measured local- and landscape-scale responses of coastal wetland vegetation to flooding stress in healthy and degrading coastal wetlands. We hypothesized that conversion of Spartina patens wetlands to open water could be defined by a distinct change in landscape configuration pattern, and that this change would occur at a discrete elevation threshold.

Key Results

Despite similarities in total land and water cover, we observed differences in the landscape configuration of vegetated and open water pixels in healthy and degrading wetlands. Healthy wetlands were more aggregated, and degrading wetlands were more fragmented. Generally, greater aggregation was associated with higher wetland elevation and better drainage, compared to fragmented wetlands, which had lower elevation and poor drainage. The relationship between vegetation cover and elevation was non-linear, and the conversion from vegetated wetland to open water occurred beyond an elevation threshold of hydrologic stress.

Conclusions

The elevation threshold defined a transition zone where healthy, aggregated, wetland converted to a degrading, fragmented, wetland beyond an elevation threshold of 0.09 m NAVD88 (0.27 m MSL), and complete conversion to open water occurred beyond 0.03 m NAVD88 (0.21 m MSL). This work illustrates that changes in landscape configuration can be used as an indicator of wetland loss, with specific elevation thresholds to inform restoration and conservation planning to maximize wetland stability in anticipation of flooding threats.

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